CN114622518A - Hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope ram rock ecological nest and construction method - Google Patents
Hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope ram rock ecological nest and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114622518A CN114622518A CN202210157965.6A CN202210157965A CN114622518A CN 114622518 A CN114622518 A CN 114622518A CN 202210157965 A CN202210157965 A CN 202210157965A CN 114622518 A CN114622518 A CN 114622518A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000270666 Testudines Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000143060 Americamysis bahia Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000269350 Anura Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000270322 Lepidosauria Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000270708 Testudinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock slope cantilever rock-stacking ecological nest in a hydro-fluctuation belt and a construction method, wherein the rock slope cantilever rock-stacking ecological nest comprises cantilever plates and rock-stacking rocks, wherein the cantilever plates are arranged on a rock bank slope surface of the hydro-fluctuation belt in a layered manner; a plurality of mud discharge holes penetrating through the cantilever plates are formed in the contact positions of the cantilever plates and the rock bank slope surface; a space enclosed by the cantilever plate and the rock bank slope surface is provided with piled stones, and the animal nest is formed by pores among a plurality of stones of the piled stones; the invention has simple structure and is durable; nests or holes for breeding and rest of various organisms are constructed on the rock slope where the hydro-fluctuation belt is lack of organism inhabitation, and the method is favorable for maintaining the health of a river ecosystem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of treatment of rockfill bank slopes of hydro-fluctuation belts in reservoirs, rivers, lakes and the like, in particular to a raised-plate rockfill ecological nest for the rockfill bank slopes of the hydro-fluctuation belts and a construction method.
Background
Water bodies such as reservoirs, rivers, lakes and the like often have rock bank slopes. These bank slopes are often steep and smooth, lack nests that can be used as spawning, reproduction and rest of organisms (such as fish, shrimp, snake, tortoise, turtle, frog, etc.), and are not good for the health of river ecosystem. To ameliorate this disadvantage, new structures need to be developed to build nests for hydro-fluctuation belt organisms.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stable and durable ram rock ecological nest with a simple structure for a rocky bank slope in a hydro-fluctuation belt and a construction method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope lifting plate rockfill ecological nest comprises a lifting plate and rockfill, wherein the lifting plate and the rockfill are arranged on a hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope surface, and the lifting plate is arranged on the rock slope surface in a layered mode; a plurality of mud discharge holes penetrating through the cantilever plates are formed in the contact positions of the cantilever plates and the rock bank slope surface; and a space enclosed by the cantilever plate and the rock bank slope surface is provided with piled stones, and the animal nest is formed by pores among a plurality of stones of the piled stones.
Preferably, the cantilever plate is a reinforced concrete plate structure which comprises a framework formed by anchoring reinforcing steel bars and distributing reinforcing steel bars; the lower ends of the anchoring steel bars are inserted into anchoring holes in the rock bank slope, and the distribution steel bars are arranged along the length direction of the cantilever plate; the outer part of the anchoring reinforcing steel bar hole and the distribution reinforcing steel bar are wrapped with cement concrete, and the cement concrete is solidified and hardened into a plate shape; the thickness of the cement concrete protective layer covered on the anchoring steel bars and the distribution steel bars is more than 40 mm; cement mortar is filled in the gap between the anchoring steel bar and the anchoring hole.
Preferably, the layers of the take-up plate are parallel to each other and parallel to the slope contour line or form an included angle of less than 10 degrees with the slope contour line.
Preferably, both ends of the cantilever plate extend to a gentle slope with the slope of less than 30 degrees.
Preferably, both ends of the cantilever plate extend downwards to be below the lowest water level, and the included angle between the length direction of the downward extending parts of both ends of the cantilever plate and the contour line is less than 30 degrees.
Preferably, a gabion for filling is arranged on the outer side of the rockfill, and the gabion is stacked in a space defined by the cantilever plates and the rock bank slope surface; the rockfill adopts single-grade coarse stones, and the particle size of stone particles is larger than 10 cm.
Preferably, the sieve mesh has still been seted up on the board surface of picking, and from last every layer of sieve mesh of picking the board to down reduces gradually, it covers and is used for the spacing fixed network to the rock heap to pick the board top.
In addition, the invention discloses a construction method of the rock slope ram rock ecological nest of the hydro-fluctuation belt, which comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the slope surface, and removing loose pumice muck on the slope surface;
2) positioning and lofting by using a measuring instrument, and calibrating the positions of drilling holes and the positions of the take-up boards on each layer on the slope;
3) drilling with a drilling machine to form an anchoring hole;
4) inserting anchoring steel bars into the anchoring holes;
5) injecting cement mortar into the anchoring hole until the cement mortar is solidified and hardened;
6) erecting a mould on the slope along the direction of each layer of anchoring steel bar;
7) binding distributed steel bars on the anchoring steel bars;
8) pouring concrete to form a cantilever plate, and curing after vibrating until the cantilever plate is solidified and hardened;
9) and stacking stones in a space enclosed by the cantilever plate and the rock bank slope surface.
Preferably, the alternative steps of step 9) are:
and placing a gabion in a space defined by the cantilever plates and the rock bank slope surface, and stacking stones in the gabion.
The invention also discloses another construction method of the rock slope ram rock ecological nest of the hydro-fluctuation belt, which comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the slope surface, and removing loose pumice muck on the slope surface;
2) positioning and lofting by using a measuring instrument, and calibrating the positions of drilling holes and the positions of the take-up boards on each layer on the slope;
3) drilling with a drilling machine to form an anchoring hole;
4) inserting anchoring steel bars into the anchoring holes;
5) injecting cement mortar into the anchoring hole until the cement mortar is solidified and hardened;
6) erecting a mould on the slope along the direction of each layer of anchoring steel bar;
7) binding distributed steel bars on the anchoring steel bars;
8) pouring concrete to form a cantilever plate, curing after vibrating until the cantilever plate is solidified and hardened, and drilling a sieve pore;
9) and (3) pouring the rockfill with different particle sizes from the top to the bottom of the rock bank slope surface, so that the particle size of the rockfill intercepted on the cantilever plate is gradually reduced from the top to the bottom of the rock bank slope surface, and then the top of the cantilever plate is covered with a fixing net.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention has simple structure and durability;
2) according to the invention, nests or holes for breeding and rest of various organisms are constructed on the rock slope where the water-level-fluctuating zone lacks organism inhabitation, so that the health of a river ecosystem is favorably maintained; through reasonable gradient and extension arrangement, the water-swelling biological nest can be used as an aquatic biological nest during water rising; when the water is removed, the nest can be used as a nest for amphibians (such as frogs), reptiles (such as turtles), snakes and the like, and can be used as an animal nest all the year round.
3) All materials of the invention can be transported by ships, a large amount of materials such as sand can be obtained from local materials, and the construction cost is lower.
4) The invention is provided with the mud discharging holes, rainwater can wash and precipitate mud manually in the service life cycle, and the long-term existence of gaps among piled stones can be ensured, so that nests can exist for a long time.
5) The particle sizes of the rockfill intercepted on the different layers of cantilever plates are different, so that the sizes of the formed nests are different, and the large, medium and small nests are formed gradually from top to bottom, so that different organisms can enter the rockfill nests with different sizes, the organisms can be effectively prevented from being swallowed by each other, the phenomenon that the species of the organisms in water quickly disappear is avoided, and the diversity of the organisms is kept.
6) According to the invention, the sieve pores are formed on the surfaces of the cantilever plates, and the sieve pores of each layer of cantilever plate are gradually reduced from top to bottom, so that the rockfill is only required to be poured from the top to the bottom of the slope of the rock bank slope, the operation is simple, the time and the labor are saved, and finally, nests with different sizes can be formed, and the requirement of keeping biological diversity is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention;
figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the invention using gabions;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the inventive flipper reinforcement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top plan view of another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention using a fixing net;
FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of the picker plate of FIG. 6;
in the figure: 1-rock bank slope surface, 2-anchoring holes, 3-anchoring reinforcing steel bars, 4-distributed reinforcing steel bars, 5-cement mortar, 6-cement concrete, 7-cantilever plates, 7.1-sieve pores, 8-rockfill, 9-gabion, 10-mud discharge holes and 11-fixing nets.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the rock slope ram rock ecological nest in the hydro-fluctuation belt comprises a ram 7 and a ram 8 which are arranged on a rock bank slope surface 1 of the hydro-fluctuation belt, wherein the ram 7 is arranged on the rock bank slope surface 1 in a layered manner; a plurality of mud discharging holes 10 penetrating through the cantilever plate 7 are formed in the contact position of the cantilever plate 7 and the rock bank slope surface 1; and a space enclosed by the cantilever plate 7 and the rock bank slope surface 1 is provided with a rockfill 8, and the animal nest is formed by pores among a plurality of stones of the rockfill 8. Preferably, the angle between the take-up plate 7 and the upper slope surface is less than 90 °.
Preferably, the cantilever plate 7 is a reinforced concrete plate structure, which includes a framework formed by the anchoring steel bars 3 and the distribution steel bars 4; the lower end of the anchoring steel bar 3 is inserted into an anchoring hole 2 in the rock bank slope, and the distribution steel bar 4 is arranged along the length direction of the cantilever plate 7; the outer parts of the anchoring steel bars 3 in the holes and the distribution steel bars 4 are wrapped by cement concrete 6, and the cement concrete 6 is solidified and hardened to be shaped into a plate; the thickness of the cement concrete protective layer covered on the anchoring steel bars 3 and the distribution steel bars 4 is more than 40 mm; and cement mortar 5 is filled in a gap between the anchoring steel bar 3 and the anchoring hole 2. Preferably, the anchoring steel bar 3 in the cantilever plate 7 in this embodiment is a deformed steel bar; the distributed reinforcing steel bars 4 in the reinforced concrete cantilever slab 7 are round steel.
Preferably, the layers of the take-up plate 7 are parallel to each other and parallel to the slope contour line or form an angle smaller than 10 degrees with the slope contour line.
Preferably, both ends of the take-up plate 7 extend to a gentle slope with a slope of less than 30 °.
Preferably, both ends of the raising plate 7 extend downwards to below the lowest water level, and the length direction of the downward extending part of both ends of the raising plate 7 forms an angle of less than 30 degrees with the contour line.
Preferably, a gabion 9 for filling is arranged on the outer side of the rockfill 8, and the gabion 9 is stacked in a space defined by the cantilever plate 7 and the rock bank slope surface 1; the rockfill 8 adopts single-grade coarse stone with particle size larger than 10 cm.
Preferably, sieve holes 7.1 are further formed in the surface of the lifting plate 7, the sieve holes 7.1 of the lifting plate 7 on each layer are gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the top of the lifting plate 7 is covered with a fixing net 11 for limiting the rockfill 8. The fixing net 11 can limit the rockfill 8, and effectively prevents the rockfill 8 from being washed away by water flow.
In addition, the invention discloses a construction method of the rock slope ram rock ecological nest of the hydro-fluctuation belt, which comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the slope surface, and removing loose pumice muck on the slope surface;
2) positioning and lofting by using a measuring instrument, and calibrating the positions of drilling holes and the positions of the take-up boards on each layer on the slope;
3) drilling with a drilling machine to form an anchoring hole;
4) inserting anchoring steel bars into the anchoring holes;
5) injecting cement mortar into the anchoring hole until the cement mortar is solidified and hardened;
6) erecting a mould on the slope along the direction of each layer of anchoring steel bar;
7) binding distributed steel bars on the anchoring steel bars;
8) pouring concrete to form a cantilever plate, and curing after vibrating until the cantilever plate is solidified and hardened;
9) and stacking stones in a space enclosed by the cantilever plates and the rock bank slope surface.
Preferably, the alternative steps of step 9) are:
and placing a gabion in a space defined by the cantilever plates and the rock bank slope surface, and stacking stones in the gabion.
The invention also discloses another construction method of the rock slope ram rock ecological nest of the hydro-fluctuation belt, which comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the slope surface, and removing loose pumice muck on the slope surface;
2) positioning and lofting by using a measuring instrument, and calibrating the positions of drilling holes and the positions of the take-up boards on each layer on the slope;
3) drilling with a drilling machine to form an anchoring hole;
4) inserting anchoring steel bars into the anchoring holes;
5) injecting cement mortar into the anchoring hole until the cement mortar is solidified and hardened;
6) erecting a mould on the slope along the direction of each layer of anchoring steel bar;
7) binding distributed steel bars on the anchoring steel bars;
8) pouring concrete to form a cantilever plate, curing after vibrating until the cantilever plate is solidified and hardened, and drilling a sieve pore;
9) and (3) pouring the rockfill with different particle sizes from the top to the bottom of the rock bank slope surface, so that the particle size of the rockfill intercepted on the cantilever plate is gradually reduced from the top to the bottom of the rock bank slope surface, and then the top of the cantilever plate is covered with a fixing net. Considering that water comprises organisms such as fishes, shrimps, snakes, turtles and frogs, in order to avoid swallowing caused by the fact that a plurality of organisms enter the same nest together, the particle sizes of the piled stones intercepted on different layers of cantilever plates can be different by pouring piled stones with different particle sizes which are mixed together from the top to the bottom of a slope of a rock bank slope, so that the formed nests are different in size, and large, medium and small nests are formed gradually from top to bottom, so that small organisms such as fishes and shrimps and frogs can enter small piled stone nests positioned on the lower-layer cantilever plates, medium organisms such as snakes can enter medium-sized piled stone nests positioned on the middle-layer cantilever plates, and large organisms such as turtles and turtles can enter large-sized piled stone nests positioned on the upper-layer cantilever plates; finally, different organisms can enter the rockfill nests with different sizes, so that various organisms are effectively prevented from being swallowed, the phenomenon that the species of the organisms in water are rapidly killed is avoided, and the biological diversity is kept.
In addition, the conventional arrangement method needs to place the rockfill in the gabion in advance, then places the gabion on the corresponding board of picking, and this kind of mode results in artifical intensity of labour big, waste time and energy, and through will picking the board surface and seting up the sieve mesh, and from last to every layer of sieve mesh of picking the board reduce gradually down, just so just need from the rock bank slope top of slope to the bottom of the slope pour the rockfill can, easy operation, labour saving and time saving, and finally can also form the nest of not uniform size, satisfy the requirement of keeping biological diversity.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
The slope of a certain falling zone granite bank slope is 70 degrees. Arranging the cantilever plates on the rock bank slope surface of the hydro-fluctuation belt in a layering manner, wherein the layering height is 1.5 m, the included angle between the cantilever plates and the upper slope surface is 80 degrees, and the width of the cantilever plates is 0.4 m; the contact part of the rock bank slope surface of the ram is provided with sludge discharge holes with the aperture of 40mm penetrating through the ram at intervals of 2 m; the space enclosed by the cantilever plate and the rock bank slope surface is provided with piled stones, and the animal nest is formed by pores among a plurality of stones of the piled stones.
The layers of the layered picking plate are parallel to each other and parallel to the slope contour line or form an included angle of less than 10 degrees with the slope contour line; the two ends of the layered cantilever plate extend to the gentle slope with the gradient smaller than 30 degrees.
The rockfill is granite and has a block shape and single gradation, the particle size of the particles is more than 10 cm,
the cantilever plate is a C30 reinforced concrete plate, and the thickness is 90 mm; the anchoring steel bars in the cantilever plates are deformed steel bars, the diameter of each deformed steel bar is 20 mm, and the distance between the deformed steel bars is 0.5 m; the distributed steel bars in the picking plate are 3 round steel bars, the diameter of the distributed steel bars is 12 mm, the distance between the distributed steel bars and the picking plate is 15cm, and the distance between the outermost round steel bar and the edge of the picking plate is 5 cm.
The length of the anchoring steel bar inserted into the anchoring hole is 50cm, the depth of the anchoring hole is 50cm, and the aperture is 50 mm.
M15 cement mortar is filled in the gap between the anchoring steel bar and the anchoring hole.
The construction method of the hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope cantilever slab rock stacking ecological nest comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the slope surface, and removing loose pumice muck on the slope surface;
2) positioning and lofting by using a measuring instrument, and calibrating the drilling hole position and the board picking position of each layer on the slope surface;
3) drilling with a drilling machine to form an anchoring hole;
4) inserting anchoring steel bars into the anchoring holes;
5) injecting cement mortar into the anchoring hole until the cement mortar is solidified and hardened;
6) erecting a mould on the slope along the direction of each layer of anchoring steel bar;
7) binding distributed steel bars on the anchoring steel bars;
8) pouring concrete to form a cantilever plate, and curing after vibrating until the cantilever plate is solidified and hardened;
9) stacking stones in a space defined by the cantilever slabs and the rock bank slope surface; rockfill thickness 35cm
The construction step is carried out in the low water level period of the hydro-fluctuation belt; the used steel bars, concrete, templates and stones are transported by ships, and a winch steel wire rope transportation system is adopted for transporting from the ships to the slope.
Specific example 2
The slope of the ashrock bank slope in a certain falling zone is 60 degrees. Arranging cantilever plates on the rock bank slope surface of the hydro-fluctuation belt in a layered mode, wherein the layered height is 2m, the included angle between the cantilever plates and the upper slope surface is 85 degrees, and the width of each cantilever plate is 0.5 m; the contact part of the rock bank slope surface of the ram is provided with mud discharge holes with the aperture of 50 mm penetrating through the ram at intervals of 2 m; the space enclosed by the cantilever plate and the slope surface of the rock bank slope is provided with piled stones, and the animal nest is formed by the pores among a plurality of stones of the piled stones.
The layers of the layered picking plate are parallel to each other and are parallel to the contour line of the slope; the two ends of the layered cantilever plate are bent and extend downwards to be below the lowest water level, and the included angle between the length direction of the downward extending parts at the two ends and the contour line is 15 degrees.
The rockfill is basalt in a block shape with single gradation, the particle size is larger than 12 cm,
the cantilever plate is a C25 reinforced concrete plate, and the thickness is 100 mm; the anchoring steel bars in the cantilever plates are deformed steel bars, the diameter of each deformed steel bar is 24 mm, and the distance between the deformed steel bars is 0.5 m; the distributed steel bars in the cantilever plate are 3 round steel bars with the diameter of 14 mm and the distance of 16cm, and the distance between the outermost round steel bar and the edge of the cantilever plate is 5 cm.
The length of the anchoring steel bar inserted into the anchoring hole is 60cm, the depth of the anchoring hole is 60cm, and the aperture is 60 mm.
M10 cement mortar is filled in the gap between the anchoring steel bar and the anchoring hole.
The construction method of the hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope cantilever slab rock stacking ecological nest comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the slope surface, and removing loose pumice muck on the slope surface;
2) positioning and lofting by using a measuring instrument, and calibrating the positions of drilling holes and the positions of the take-up boards on each layer on the slope;
3) drilling with a drilling machine to form an anchoring hole;
4) inserting anchoring steel bars into the anchoring holes;
5) injecting cement mortar into the anchoring hole until the cement mortar is solidified and hardened;
6) erecting a mould on the slope along the direction of each layer of anchoring steel bar;
7) binding distributed steel bars on the anchoring steel bars;
8) pouring concrete to form a cantilever plate, and curing after vibrating until the cantilever plate is solidified and hardened;
9) placing a gabion in a space defined by the cantilever plate and the rock bank slope surface, and stacking stones in the gabion, wherein the thickness of the stacked stones is 45cm
The construction step is carried out in the low water level period of the hydro-fluctuation belt; the used steel bars, concrete, templates and stones are transported by ships, and a winch steel wire rope transportation system is adopted for transporting from the ships to the slope.
Specific example 3
The slope of a certain hydro-fluctuation belt sandstone rock bank slope is 75 degrees. Arranging cantilever plates on the rock bank slope surface of the hydro-fluctuation belt in a layering manner, wherein the layering height is 2.5m, the included angle between the cantilever plates and the upper slope surface is 75 degrees, and the width of the cantilever plates is 0.6 m; the contact part of the rock bank slope surface of the cantilever plate is provided with mud discharge holes with the aperture of 60 mm penetrating through the cantilever plate at intervals of 2.5 m; the space enclosed by the cantilever plate and the slope surface of the rock bank slope is provided with piled stones, and the animal nest is formed by the pores among a plurality of stones of the piled stones.
The layers of the layered picking plate are parallel to each other and are parallel to the slope contour line or form an included angle of 5 degrees with the slope contour line; the two ends of the layered cantilever plate extend to a gentle slope with the gradient of 15 degrees.
The rockfill is sandstone with blocky single gradation, the particle size of the particles is more than 15cm,
the cantilever plate is a C35 reinforced concrete plate, and the thickness is 120 mm; the anchoring steel bars in the cantilever plates are deformed steel bars, the diameter of each deformed steel bar is 28 mm, and the distance between the deformed steel bars is 0.5 m; the distributed reinforcing steel bars in the cantilever plate are 4 round steel bars, the diameter of the distributed reinforcing steel bars is 14 mm, the distance between the distributed reinforcing steel bars and the cantilever plate is 15cm, and the distance between the outermost round steel bar and the edge of the cantilever plate is 5 cm.
The length of the anchoring steel bar inserted into the anchoring hole is 80cm, the depth of the anchoring hole is 80cm, and the aperture is 60 mm.
M20 cement mortar is filled in the gap between the anchoring steel bar and the anchoring hole.
The construction method of the hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope cantilever slab rock stacking ecological nest comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the slope surface, and removing loose pumice muck on the slope surface;
2) positioning and lofting by using a measuring instrument, and calibrating the positions of drilling holes and the positions of the take-up boards on each layer on the slope;
3) drilling with a drilling machine to form an anchoring hole;
4) inserting anchoring steel bars into the anchoring holes;
5) injecting cement mortar into the anchoring hole until the cement mortar is solidified and hardened;
6) erecting a mould on the slope along the direction of each layer of anchoring steel bar;
7) binding distributed steel bars on the anchoring steel bars;
8) pouring concrete to form a cantilever plate, and curing after vibrating until the cantilever plate is solidified and hardened;
9) placing a gabion in a space defined by the cantilever plate and the rock bank slope surface, and stacking stones in the gabion, wherein the thickness of the stacked stones is 50cm
The construction step is carried out in the low water level period of the hydro-fluctuation belt;
the cantilever rock-stacking nest constructed on the rock bank slope of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to the scheme is submerged under water in the water-rising period, so that aquatic organisms such as fishes, shrimps and the like can be used as spawning and inhabiting and avoiding places; in the stage of water withdrawal, most of the rubble nest of the cantilever plate is exposed out of water, and amphibians, reptiles or terrestrial organisms can climb to the rubble nest along the gentle slopes at the two ends of the cantilever plate or the gentle slope sections of the cantilever plate to inhabit. In order to prevent the gaps between the sludge silting and piling stones, the water gun can be used for flushing the piling stones at regular intervals, the piling stones are flushed, and muddy water is drained from the mud discharge holes.
The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be considered as limitations of the present invention, and features in the embodiments and the examples in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the invention is defined by the technical scheme of the claims, including equivalent alternatives of technical characteristics in the technical scheme of the claims (such as replacing cement concrete cantilever slabs with plastic plates, templates and the like, manufacturing cantilever slab frameworks with other materials, and pouring cantilever slabs with other materials). I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope ram stone ecological nest, its characterized in that: the device comprises a ram board (7) and a rockfill (8) which are arranged on a rock bank slope surface (1) of the hydro-fluctuation belt, wherein the ram board (7) is arranged on the rock bank slope surface (1) in a layered manner; a plurality of mud discharging holes (10) penetrating through the cantilever plate (7) are formed in the contact part of the cantilever plate (7) and the rock bank slope surface (1); a space enclosed by the cantilever plate (7) and the rock bank slope surface (1) is provided with a rockfill (8), and the animal nest is formed by the pores among a plurality of stones of the rockfill (8).
2. The hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope ram rock ecological nest of claim 1, characterized in that: the cantilever plate (7) is a reinforced concrete plate structure and comprises a framework formed by anchoring reinforcing steel bars (3) and distribution reinforcing steel bars (4); the lower end of the anchoring steel bar (3) is inserted into an anchoring hole (2) in the rock bank slope, and the distribution steel bar (4) is arranged along the length direction of the cantilever plate (7); the cement concrete (6) is wrapped by the outside parts of the anchoring steel bars (3) and the distribution steel bars (4), and the cement concrete (6) is solidified, hardened and formed into a plate shape; the thickness of the cement concrete protective layer covered on the anchoring steel bars (3) and the distribution steel bars (4) is more than 40 mm; cement mortar (5) is filled in a gap between the anchoring steel bar (3) and the anchoring hole (2).
3. The hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope ram rock ecological nest of claim 1, characterized in that: the layers of the picking plates (7) are parallel to each other and are parallel to the slope contour line or form an included angle of less than 10 degrees with the slope contour line.
4. The hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope ram rock ecological nest of claim 1, characterized in that: and two ends of the cantilever plate (7) extend to a gentle slope with the gradient smaller than 30 degrees.
5. The hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope ram rock ecological nest of claim 1, characterized in that: both ends of the picking plate (7) extend downwards to be below the lowest water level, and the included angle between the length direction of the downward extending parts at both ends of the picking plate (7) and the contour line is less than 30 degrees.
6. The hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope ram rock ecological nest of claim 1, characterized in that: a gabion (9) for filling is arranged on the outer side of the rockfill (8), and the gabion (9) is stacked in a space enclosed by the cantilever plate (7) and the rock bank slope surface (1); the rockfill (8) adopts single-grade coarse stone with the particle size larger than 10 cm.
7. The hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope ram rock ecological nest of claim 1, characterized in that: it still has seted up sieve mesh (7.1) to ram board (7) surface, and from last sieve mesh (7.1) of per layer ram board (7) to down reduce gradually, ram board (7) top covers has and is used for spacing fixed network (11) to rock-fill (8).
8. A construction method of the hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope ram rock ecological nest in any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the slope surface, and removing loose pumice muck on the slope surface;
2) positioning and lofting by using a measuring instrument, and calibrating the positions of drilling holes and the positions of the take-up boards on each layer on the slope;
3) drilling with a drilling machine to form an anchoring hole;
4) inserting anchoring steel bars into the anchoring holes;
5) injecting cement mortar into the anchoring hole until the cement mortar is solidified and hardened;
6) erecting a mould on the slope along the direction of each layer of anchoring steel bar;
7) binding distributed steel bars on the anchoring steel bars;
8) pouring concrete to form a cantilever plate, and curing after vibrating until the cantilever plate is solidified and hardened;
9) and stacking stones in a space enclosed by the cantilever plates and the rock bank slope surface.
9. The method for constructing the hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope raising plate rock stacking ecological nest according to claim 8, which is characterized in that: alternative steps to step 9) are:
and placing a gabion in a space defined by the cantilever plates and the rock bank slope surface, and stacking stones in the gabion.
10. The construction method of the hydro-fluctuation belt rock slope raising plate rock stacking ecological nest in the claim 7 is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the slope surface, and removing loose pumice muck on the slope surface;
2) positioning and lofting by using a measuring instrument, and calibrating the positions of drilling holes and the positions of the take-up boards on each layer on the slope;
3) drilling with a drilling machine to form an anchoring hole;
4) inserting anchoring steel bars into the anchoring holes;
5) injecting cement mortar into the anchoring hole until the cement mortar is solidified and hardened;
6) erecting a mould on the slope along the direction of each layer of anchoring steel bar;
7) binding distributed steel bars on the anchoring steel bars;
8) pouring concrete to form a cantilever plate, curing after vibrating until the cantilever plate is solidified and hardened, and drilling a sieve pore;
9) and (3) pouring the rockfill with different particle sizes from the top to the bottom of the rock bank slope surface, so that the particle size of the rockfill intercepted on the cantilever plate is gradually reduced from the top to the bottom of the rock bank slope surface, and then the top of the cantilever plate is covered with a fixing net.
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