Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a digital currency payment method and apparatus for transportation, a digital currency wallet and a digital currency payment system, which can increase the selectivity and convenience of electronic payment for people, and at the same time, can improve the payment efficiency, shorten the outbound time of passengers, and avoid queuing.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
The term "digital money" as used herein refers to money in digital form. The term "currency" as used herein refers to currency in the true sense, not tokens. Alternatively, currency is a contract between owners for the exchange of rights based on a certain credit basis, which may be the master information or the group credit. The technical scheme based on the digital currency is particularly the currency with the basis of national ownership information, such as digital RMB. The invention is not limited to virtual digital currency that can be extended to other credit bases, such as bitcoins.
It should be noted that the "digital currency" referred to in the present invention is essentially different from third party electronic payments. "digital currency" is true currency, which is simply a payment instrument that displays bills and balances, not currency.
The "digital money" in the present invention is stored in the "digital money wallet", and payment is made by the "digital money wallet". Thus, the term "digital currency wallet" as used herein refers to a means for storing and paying digital currency, either in software, hardware or other form. However, the "digital money wallet" should have a function of storing and paying, but in practice it may be implemented by separate devices or modules, each of which may partially implement a part of the storing function or the paying function. For example, for a digital money wallet at a subway entrance, it may only implement part of the payment function, but needs to cooperate with a digital money wallet at a subway exit to implement a complete "digital money wallet". The term "digital money wallet" as used herein encompasses software, APP or hardware devices of a fully implemented and partially implemented "digital money wallet".
It should be noted that the "digital currency wallet" of the present invention does not include any third party payment instrument so-called "wallets", which are wallets that are truly capable of enabling the storage and payment of currency, rather than merely borrowing the concept of a "wallet" to show some similarity in its form.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a digital money payment method for a transit trip, including: verifying, at the origin, the digital currency used for payment and the corresponding digital currency wallet, and if the verification is passed, sending billing information to the digital currency wallet; recording the billing information in the digital money wallet; at the destination, reading the billing information from the digital money wallet and calculating a traffic charge based on the billing information and sending the traffic charge to the digital money wallet; paying the transportation fee in the digital money wallet according to the digital money for payment.
Optionally, said validating the digital currency for payment and the corresponding digital currency wallet comprises: acquiring digital currency information of the digital currency wallet, and determining whether the digital currency information meets transaction conditions.
Optionally, said validating the digital currency for payment and the corresponding digital currency wallet further comprises: acquiring a wallet identifier and a wallet state of the digital currency wallet; determining whether the digital currency wallet is a target digital currency wallet based on the wallet identity and the wallet status.
Optionally, the paying the transportation fare according to the digital currency for payment comprises: judging whether the balance of the digital currency for payment is greater than or equal to the traffic expense or not; and if the balance of the digital currency is more than or equal to the transportation fee, paying the transportation fee by using the digital currency.
Optionally, the charging information includes origin information and/or charging rules.
Optionally, the digital money wallet is a hardware wallet comprising a secure chip for storing digital money and billing information.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a digital money payment apparatus for a trip, for paying a transportation fee from an origin to a destination, the apparatus comprising: a departure point verification module for verifying the digital currency for payment and a corresponding digital currency wallet at a departure point, and if the verification is passed, transmitting the billing information to the digital currency wallet; a recording module for recording the billing information in the digital money wallet; a calculation module for reading the billing information from the digital money wallet at a destination, calculating a traffic charge according to the billing information, and sending the traffic charge to the digital money wallet; a payment module for paying the transportation fee in the digital currency wallet according to the digital currency for payment.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a digital money wallet for transportation for paying a transportation fee from a departure place to a destination is provided, including a security chip for storing digital money and a communication module; the communication module is used for receiving charging information from a money digital money wallet at a starting place and receiving traffic cost from the money digital money wallet at a destination; the safety chip is also used for recording the charging information; the security chip is also used for paying the traffic fee according to the digital currency.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a digital money wallet for transportation is provided, which includes a security chip and a communication module, wherein the security chip is used for verifying a payment digital money wallet and digital money of the payment digital money wallet at a departure place; the communication module is used for sending the charging information to the payment digital currency wallet when the verification is passed.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a digital money wallet for a transportation trip for collecting a transportation fee from a departure place to a destination, comprising a security chip for reading the billing information from the payment digital money wallet at the destination, calculating a transportation fee according to the billing information, and transmitting the transportation fee to the payment digital money wallet; the communication module is used for receiving payment information from the payment digital currency wallet and updating the digital currency in the collection digital currency wallet according to the payment information.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a digital money payment system for transportation, including a money receiving digital money wallet for verifying a payment digital money wallet and digital money of the payment digital money wallet at a departure place, and if the verification is passed, transmitting billing information to the payment digital money wallet; the payment digital currency wallet is used for receiving the charging information and recording the charging information; the receiving digital money wallet further for reading the billing information from the paying digital money wallet at a destination and calculating a traffic charge according to the billing information and sending the traffic charge to the paying digital money wallet; the payment digital currency wallet is also used for receiving the traffic fee and paying the traffic fee according to the digital currency in the payment digital currency money.
According to the digital money payment method, apparatus, digital money wallet and digital money payment system for travel of the present invention, at the departure place, verifying the digital currency used for payment and the corresponding digital currency wallet, and if the verification is passed, sending billing information to the digital currency wallet, recording the billing information in the digital money wallet, reading the billing information from the digital money wallet at a destination, and calculates a traffic fee according to the billing information, and transmits the traffic fee to the digital money wallet, the traffic fee is paid in the digital money wallet according to the digital money for payment, so that the selectivity and the convenience of electronic payment of people can be improved by paying the traffic fee, the payment efficiency can be improved, the outbound time of passengers is shortened, and the queuing phenomenon is avoided.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts in the drawings, and thus, a repetitive description thereof will be omitted.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, devices, steps, and so forth. In other instances, well-known methods, devices, implementations or operations have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.
The block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities only and do not necessarily correspond to physically separate entities. I.e. these functional entities may be implemented in the form of software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and/or processor means and/or microcontroller means.
The flow charts shown in the drawings are merely illustrative and do not necessarily include all of the contents and operations/steps, nor do they necessarily have to be performed in the order described. For example, some operations/steps may be decomposed, and some operations/steps may be combined or partially combined, so that the actual execution sequence may be changed according to the actual situation.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Thus, a first component discussed below could be termed a second component without departing from the teachings of the present concepts. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drawings are merely schematic representations of exemplary embodiments, and that the blocks or flow charts in the drawings are not necessarily required to practice the present invention and are, therefore, not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram illustrating a digital currency payment system for travel according to an exemplary embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the digital money payment system 100 for travel may include a money receiving digital money wallet 110 and a payment digital money wallet 120.
In embodiments of the present invention, the collection digital currency wallet 110 may be deployed in a collection device for a subway or a bus. For example, the cash-receiving digital currency wallet 110 is deployed in gates at subway in-and-out stations. As another example, a collection digital currency wallet 110 is deployed in a collection device on a bus.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the payment digital currency wallet 120 may be deployed in a payment device carried by the passenger. For example, the payment digital currency wallet 120 is deployed in a collection device such as a card, bracelet, watch, cell phone, glove, etc. carried by a passenger.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the receiving digital money wallet 110 is used to verify the paying digital money wallet 120 and the digital money of the paying digital money wallet 120 at the departure place and, if the verification is passed, to transmit billing information to the paying digital money wallet 120.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the payment digital currency wallet 120 is configured to receive the billing information and record the billing information.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the collect digital money wallet 110 is further configured to read the billing information from the pay digital money wallet 120 at a destination, and calculate a traffic charge according to the billing information, and transmit the traffic charge to the pay digital money wallet 120;
in an embodiment of the present invention, the payment digital currency wallet 120 is further configured to receive the transportation fees and pay the transportation fees according to the digital currency in the payment digital currency.
The digital money payment method for the transportation in the following embodiments can be implemented by the digital money payment system for the transportation 100 proposed by the present invention. When paying the transportation fee through the digital currency payment system 100 for transportation travel, the selectivity and the convenience of electronic payment of people can be increased, the payment efficiency can also be improved, the outbound time of passengers is shortened, and the queuing phenomenon is avoided.
Figure 2A is a block diagram illustrating a cash-receiving digital currency wallet, according to an example embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2A, the receiving digital money wallet 110 includes a secure chip 111 and a communication module 112.
In embodiments of the present invention, the collection digital currency wallet 110 may be deployed in a collection device for a subway or a bus. For example, the cash-receiving digital currency wallet 110 is deployed in gates at subway in-and-out stations. As another example, a collection digital currency wallet 110 is deployed in a collection device on a bus. It should be noted that the receiving digital money wallet 110 may be the same receiving digital money wallet or may be a different receiving digital money wallet. For example, for subway trips, the gate at the entrance and the gate at the exit are not usually one gate. For the bus trip, the card swiping machine for getting on the bus and the card swiping machine for getting off the bus can be the same card swiping machine.
Further, for the source digital wallet 110, only the verification function of the digital wallet can be implemented without the payment function, without performing the actual money receiving operation.
In embodiments of the present invention, the secure chip 111 may store digital currency and may also process information in the payment digital currency wallet 120. For example, the digital currency in the payment digital currency wallet 120 is verified along with its identification and status.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the communication module 112 may have a bluetooth function and/or an NFC function. May be connected to the payment digital money wallet 120 via bluetooth and/or NFC capabilities to facilitate receiving or transmitting information. For example, the wallet identification and wallet status of the payment digital money wallet 120 is received. The billing information is sent to the paying digital money wallet 120.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the security chip 111 is used to verify the payment digital money wallet 120 and the digital money of the payment digital money wallet 120 at the departure place, so that it can be verified whether the payment digital money wallet 120 is abnormal and whether the digital money in the payment digital money wallet 120 supports the minimum consumption of the traffic fare.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the communication module 112 is configured to send the billing information to the payment digital money wallet 120 when the verification is passed, so that the collection digital money wallet 110 can read the billing information when calculating the traffic fare.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the security chip 111 is also used to read billing information from the payment digital money wallet 120 at the destination and calculate traffic fees based on the billing information, and transmit the traffic fees to the payment digital money wallet 120, which facilitates the payment of digital money by the payment digital money wallet 120 in accordance with the traffic fees in time.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the communication module 112 is further configured to receive payment information from the payment digital money wallet 120, and update the digital money in the collection digital money wallet according to the payment information, so that the digital money paid for the traffic fee by the user in the payment digital money wallet 120 can be updated to the collection digital money wallet 110 in time. For example, the payment information may be a payout credential, which may include a payout amount, payer signature, payer certificate, payee information, and the like. The receiving digital currency wallet 110, upon receiving the payment voucher, may update the information of the digital currency according to the payment voucher.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the number of transactions of the money-up digital money wallet 110 is greater than a preset number, all received expense vouchers for historical transactions are uploaded to a designated server. When the transaction number of the payment digital money wallet 120 is greater than the preset number, the payment voucher generated in the history transaction is uploaded to the designated server. Therefore, the designated server can conveniently check accounts according to the expense vouchers uploaded by the two parties.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the payment information may also be a payment instruction, and the payment instruction may be an instruction used for indicating that the transaction is successful, such as a successful payment or a successful deduction. The payment instruction bytes are few, when the payment instruction bytes are transmitted to a money collection digital currency wallet, the occupied bandwidth is few, and the transmission speed is improved. Thus, after receiving the payment instruction, the digital money wallet 110 verifies whether the payment instruction is an instruction for indicating that the transaction is successful, such as successful payment or successful deduction, if so, the transaction is ended, otherwise, an alarm mechanism is triggered and alarm information is sent. The rapid transaction mode can accelerate the speed of passengers to get off or get off the bus, and further improves the user experience.
Figure 2B illustrates a block diagram of a payment digital currency wallet, according to one exemplary embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2B, the payment digital money wallet 120 includes a security chip 121 and a communication module 122.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the payment digital currency wallet 120 may be deployed in a payment device carried by the passenger. For example, the payment digital currency wallet 120 is deployed in a collection device such as a card, bracelet, watch, cell phone, glove, etc. carried by a passenger. It should be noted that, at the departure place and the destination, the payment digital money wallet 120 must be the same payment digital money wallet, so that accurate payment of the traffic fee for the current trip of each passenger can be realized.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the security chip 121 may store the digital money, and may also record billing information returned from the digital money wallet 110, and pay the digital money according to the traffic fees returned from the digital money wallet 110.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the communication module 122 may have a bluetooth function and/or an NFC function. May be connected to the receiving digital money wallet 110 via bluetooth and/or NFC capabilities to facilitate receiving or transmitting information. For example, the communication module 122 is configured to receive billing information from the receiving digital money wallet 110 at the origin and traffic charges from the receiving digital money wallet 110 at the destination. As another example, the wallet identity and wallet status of the paying digital money wallet 120 is sent to the receiving digital money wallet 110 at the origin, and the payment information is sent to the receiving digital money wallet 110 at the destination.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method of digital currency payment for travel according to an exemplary embodiment. In the present embodiment, the digital money payment method for a trip is used to pay a transportation fee from a departure place to a destination.
As shown in fig. 3, the digital money payment method for a trip includes steps S310 to S340.
In step S310, at the departure place, the digital money for payment and the corresponding digital money wallet are verified, and if the verification is passed, the billing information is transmitted to the digital money wallet.
In step S320, the billing information is recorded in the digital money wallet.
In step S330, at the destination, the billing information is read from the digital money wallet, and a traffic charge is calculated from the billing information, and the traffic charge is transmitted to the digital money wallet.
In step S340, the transportation fees are paid in the digital money wallet according to the digital money for payment.
The method can verify digital money for payment and a corresponding digital money wallet at an origin, transmit billing information to the digital money wallet if the verification is passed, record the billing information in the digital money wallet, read the billing information from the digital money wallet at a destination, and calculate traffic fees according to the billing information, and transmit the traffic fees to the digital money wallet, where the traffic fees are paid according to the digital money for payment, and thus paying the traffic fees can increase the selectability and convenience of electronic payment of people, while also improving payment efficiency, shortening the departure time of passengers, and avoiding queuing.
In one embodiment, the digital money wallet in the above step is a pay digital money wallet. The payment digital currency wallet may be a hardware wallet that includes a secure chip for storing digital currency and billing information. The payment digital money wallet is used to perform step S320 and step S340. In this example, steps S310 and S330 are performed using the money receiving digital money wallet. Where the receiving digital money may be a hardware wallet that includes a secure chip for storing digital money and verifying payment digital money wallet information.
In one embodiment, when the passenger is at the departure location, the passenger may place a payment device having a payment digital money wallet in a designated area of a receiving device having a receiving digital money wallet, such that the receiving digital money wallet may select a corresponding application of the receiving device. The wallet identity and wallet status of the paying digital currency wallet are then obtained.
In one embodiment, when the receiving digital money wallet receives the wallet identification and wallet status in the paying digital money wallet, it is verified whether there is an anomaly in the wallet identification and wallet status of the paying digital money wallet. For example, whether the wallet identification is malicious identification, whether the wallet status is a logout status, whether the transaction times of the wallet status are larger than the preset times, and the like are verified.
In one embodiment, the receiving digital money wallet sends billing information to the paying digital money wallet upon verification of wallet identity and wallet status of the paying digital money wallet. The billing information may include origin information and/or billing rules. For example, the inbound time, site name, site number, random number, and MAC factor and/or billing rules are sent to the paying digital currency wallet. This facilitates the recording of such information by the paying digital currency wallet for subsequent calculation of the transportation costs. The paying digital currency wallet then sends the digital currency balance to a receiving digital currency wallet that verifies that the digital currency balance in the paying digital currency wallet supports minimum spending. For example, the lowest consumption of subway is 3 yuan, the lowest consumption of public transport is 1 yuan, and so on. For example, if the checkout device is a gate, the gate is opened when the digital currency balance of the paying digital currency wallet pays the lowest consumption of the current site. If the money receiving device is a money receiving device of the public transport, when the digital currency balance of the payment digital currency wallet pays the lowest consumption of the current station, the card swiping success is prompted.
In one embodiment, verifying the digital currency for payment and the corresponding digital currency wallet in step S310 may include: acquiring digital currency information of a digital currency wallet, and determining whether the digital currency information meets transaction conditions. For example, the balance of the digital currency in the payment digital currency wallet is acquired, whether the balance of the digital currency in the payment digital currency wallet supports the lowest consumption of the current site is judged, and if the balance supports the lowest consumption, the transaction condition of the current site is met.
In one embodiment, when the passenger is at the destination, the passenger may place a payment device having a payment digital money wallet in a designated area of a receiving device having a receiving digital money wallet, such that the receiving digital money wallet may select a corresponding application of the receiving device. Then, the wallet identification and the wallet status of the payment digital money wallet are acquired. And verifies it, and when the verification is passed, reads the above billing information from the payment digital money wallet. In this embodiment, the receiving digital money wallet may continue to verify that the billing information is correct. If the current route is correct, the traffic cost of the current route is calculated according to the departure place information and/or the charging rule in the charging information. And transmits the traffic fees for the current journey to the paying digital money wallet.
In one embodiment, at the destination, when the paying digital money wallet receives the traffic charge for the current route returned by the receiving digital money wallet, the traffic charge for the current route is paid in accordance with the digital money in the paying digital money wallet. For example, the payment digital money wallet judges whether the balance of the digital money is equal to or more than the traffic fee of the current route, and if so, pays the traffic fee of the current route using the digital money. And returns payment information to the receiving digital currency wallet. The payment information includes, among other things, the payment amount, payer certificate, payer signature, and payee information.
In one embodiment, at the destination, the payment amount, payer certificate, payer signature, and payee information are verified when the receiving digital money wallet receives payment information back from the paying digital money wallet, and when the verification is passed, the information of the digital money in the receiving digital money wallet is updated based on the payment amount.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method of digital currency payment for a transit trip, according to another exemplary embodiment.
As shown in fig. 4, the verification of the digital money for payment and the corresponding digital money wallet in the above-described step S210 may further include steps S410 to S420.
In step S410, the wallet identification and wallet status of the digital money wallet are acquired.
In step S420, it is determined whether the digital money wallet is a target digital money wallet according to the wallet identification and the wallet status.
The method can determine whether the digital money wallet is a target digital money wallet according to the wallet identification and the wallet state, so that the security of the payee information can be ensured.
In one embodiment, the target digital currency wallet is a normal payment digital currency wallet. For example, the normal payment digital money purses are a legitimate payment digital money purse, a non-logout payment digital money purse, and a payment digital money purse having a transaction number less than a preset number.
In one embodiment, when the purse identification and purse state in the payment digital money purse are received by the collection digital money purse, it is verified whether there is an anomaly in the purse identification and purse state of the payment digital money purse. For example, whether the wallet identifier is a malicious identifier, whether the wallet state is a logout state, whether the transaction times of the wallet state are greater than the preset times, and the like can be verified, so that the safety of the payee information can be ensured.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method of digital currency payment for a transit trip, according to another exemplary embodiment.
As shown in fig. 5, the step S240 may specifically include a step S510 and a step S520.
In step S510, it is determined whether the balance of the digital money for payment is equal to or greater than the transportation fee.
In step S520, if the balance of the digital money is equal to or greater than the traffic fare, the traffic fare is paid using the digital money.
The method can judge whether the balance of the digital currency for payment is more than or equal to the traffic cost, and if the balance of the digital currency is more than or equal to the traffic cost, the traffic cost is paid by using the digital currency, so that the payment efficiency is improved, and the payment times are reduced.
Fig. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating payment of a transportation fare at a destination according to an example embodiment. In this embodiment, the paying digital money wallet is the payer, and the receiving digital money wallet is the receiver.
As shown in fig. 6, paying the transportation fee at the destination may specifically include the steps of:
s1: at the destination, the traffic charge returned by the payee is received, and then payment is initiated according to the input amount of the traffic charge.
S2: and sending the party information, such as the wallet identification and the wallet state, to the payee.
S3: and verifying the payer information. If the verification passes, S5 is performed, and conversely, if the verification does not pass, S4 is performed.
S4: the payer wallet is abnormal and the transaction is terminated.
S5: and sending the party information to the payer.
S6: and verifying the information of the payee. If the verification passes, S8 is performed, and conversely, if the verification does not pass, S7 is performed.
S7: the payee wallet is abnormal and the transaction is terminated.
S8: the method includes paying the transportation fee using digital currency and generating an expense voucher, and sending the expense voucher to a payee.
S9: the expense voucher is verified. If the verification passes, S11 is performed, and if the verification does not pass, S10 is performed.
S10: the voucher is disqualified and the transaction is terminated.
S11: and if the payment voucher is not abnormal, the collection is completed, and verification passing information is sent to the payer.
S12: and receiving the verification passing information and completing payment.
Through the steps, the information safety of the payer and the payee in the payment process can be protected, and the user experience is improved.
The following are embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention that may be used to perform embodiments of the method of the present invention. For details which are not disclosed in the embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention, reference is made to the embodiments of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a digital currency payment device for travel according to another exemplary embodiment.
As shown in fig. 7, the above-mentioned digital money payment apparatus 700 for transportation includes: a departure point verification module 710, a recording module 720, a calculation module 730, and a payment module 740.
Specifically, the origin verification module 710 is configured to verify, at the origin, the digital money for payment and a corresponding digital money wallet, and if the verification is passed, send the billing information to the digital money wallet.
A recording module 720, configured to record the billing information in the digital money wallet;
a calculation module 730 for reading the billing information from the digital money wallet at a destination, calculating a traffic charge according to the billing information, and transmitting the traffic charge to the digital money wallet;
a payment module 740 for paying the transportation fare in the digital currency wallet according to the digital currency for payment.
The digital money payment apparatus 700 for a trip can authenticate digital money for payment and a corresponding digital money wallet at a departure place, transmit billing information to the digital money wallet if the authentication is passed, record the billing information in the digital money wallet, read the billing information from the digital money wallet at a destination, calculate traffic fees according to the billing information, and transmit the traffic fees to the digital money wallet, and pay the traffic fees according to the digital money for payment in the digital money wallet, thereby enabling to increase the selectivity and convenience of electronic payment of people while also improving the payment efficiency, shortening the departure time of passengers, and avoiding the occurrence of queuing phenomenon.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the digital money payment apparatus 700 for transportation may be used to implement the digital money payment method for transportation described in the above embodiment.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are specifically illustrated and described above. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise construction, arrangements, or instrumentalities described herein; on the contrary, the invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.