CN114611304B - Excitation signal generation method and device for signal integrity simulation - Google Patents
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Abstract
Disclosed are a method and apparatus for generating an excitation signal for signal integrity simulation, the method comprising: and constructing a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, constructing a victim code stream and an attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence, and then generating excitation signals respectively corresponding to all branches in the link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream. The method is based on a pseudo-random binary sequence, an excitation signal is constructed for the link to be simulated, and after the excitation signal is input into the link to be simulated, odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk, general crosstalk, intersymbol interference and reflection can be excited, and the simulation result of each branch can be obtained rapidly. Therefore, the interference information included in the excitation signal is comprehensive, and the simulation result is accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of signal simulation, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for generating an excitation signal for signal integrity simulation.
Background
Signal integrity (SIGNAL INTEGRITY, SI) is a metric used to evaluate the quality of a signal transmitted over a transmission path, and is a problem that needs to be considered when constructing high-speed circuits. In general, a high-speed circuit can be simulated, and a time domain waveform or an eye pattern of an excitation signal after passing through a section of transmission channel is observed, so as to judge signal integrity. In constructing the excitation signal, it is necessary to consider how to include various kinds of interference information in the excitation signal to excite the response of the transmission channel to different interference.
The excitation signal is typically constructed for the transmission channels using a PRBS (Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence ) code, and is input to each transmission channel for simulation. However, the excitation signal constructed by the PRBS code comprises relatively one-sided interference information, the response of a transmission channel excited by the excitation signal to interference is relatively less, and the simulation result is not accurate enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The disclosure provides an excitation signal generation method and device for signal integrity simulation, which are used for solving the problem of inaccurate simulation results of traditional excitation signals.
In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides an excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation, comprising:
Constructing a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, wherein the first code stream sequence is a pseudo-random binary sequence, and the second code stream sequence is a sequence obtained by inverting the value of each bit of the first code stream sequence;
Constructing a victim code stream and an attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence; the victim code stream and the attack code stream comprise a plurality of code stream sections; the first code stream segment of the victim code stream is a first code stream sequence, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream is a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are both a first code stream sequence or a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the victim code stream, the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the attack code stream, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the first code stream segment of the attack code stream in position, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the second code stream segment of the attack code stream in position;
and generating excitation signals corresponding to each branch in the link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure also provides an excitation signal generation apparatus for signal integrity simulation, comprising:
a first construction module: the method comprises the steps of constructing a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, wherein the first code stream sequence is a pseudo-random binary sequence, and the second code stream sequence is a sequence obtained by inverting the value of each bit of the first code stream sequence;
And a second construction module: the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence are used for constructing a victim code stream and an attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence constructed by the first construction module; the victim code stream and the attack code stream comprise a plurality of code stream sections; the first code stream segment of the victim code stream is a first code stream sequence, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream is a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are both a first code stream sequence or a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the victim code stream, the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the attack code stream, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the first code stream segment of the attack code stream in position, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the second code stream segment of the attack code stream in position;
an excitation signal generation module: and the excitation signals corresponding to all the branches in the link to be simulated are generated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream which are constructed by the second construction module.
In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation of any one of the embodiments of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides an electronic device comprising:
A processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
a processor configured to read executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation of any of the embodiments of the first aspect.
According to the technical scheme, the excitation signal generation method and the excitation signal generation device for signal integrity simulation can be used for constructing an excitation signal based on a pseudo-random binary sequence, so that reflection, intersymbol interference and general crosstalk can be excited. The excitation signal also comprises odd mode excitation and even mode excitation, and after the excitation signal is input to the link to be simulated, the effects of odd mode crosstalk and even mode crosstalk can be excited, and the generated interference information is relatively comprehensive. Meanwhile, the simulation method constructs corresponding excitation signals for each branch, so that simulation results of each branch can be obtained quickly, and simulation accuracy is improved greatly.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following more particular description of the present disclosure, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the disclosure and not to limit it. In the drawings, like reference numerals generally refer to like parts or steps.
Fig. 1 is a transmission channel modeling method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model formed after modeling a transmission channel in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method for generating an excitation signal for signal integrity simulation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of constructing an attack code stream according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of determining simulated stimulus time provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 6 is an excitation signal generation apparatus for signal integrity simulation provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 7 is another excitation signal generation apparatus for signal integrity simulation provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of an electronic device provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, example embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present disclosure and not all of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and that the present disclosure is not limited by the example embodiments described herein.
Summary of the application
The signal integrity problem of the exemplary device is mainly represented by that when the edge of the excitation signal changes, the transmission channel is liable to generate the conditions of discontinuous impedance, capacitive coupling and inductive coupling between adjacent channels, attenuation of the channels and the like, and the problems of reflection, crosstalk, intersymbol interference and the like of the excitation signal are caused, so that the signal quality is poor. The transmission channel is a channel specifically used for signal transmission in the circuit structure. The high-speed circuit is also one type of circuit as a large-scale very large-scale integrated circuit, and the problems described above are also present.
Specifically, reflection (reflection) is an echo on a transmission line. I.e. one part of the signal power (voltage and current) is transmitted onto the line and to the load, and another part of the signal power is reflected back to the source. Reflection is typically caused by source and load impedance mismatch on the transmission line. Variations in the geometry of the wiring, incorrect wire termination, transmission through the connector, discontinuities in the power plane, etc., all result in such reflections.
Crosstalk (cross talk) is the coupling of mutual inductance and capacitance between transmission lines that causes noise on the lines, where Crosstalk includes Odd mode (Odd) Crosstalk, even mode (Even) Crosstalk, and the like.
Intersymbol interference: the pulse shapes of adjacent symbols may overlap each other, which is called intersymbol interference, due to the transmission characteristics of the system.
In order to evaluate the signal integrity of the transmission channel, a signal integrity simulation may be performed, and specific simulation steps may be: modeling the transmission channel, inputting an excitation signal to the modeled transmission channel, and observing a time domain waveform or an eye diagram of the excitation signal after passing through a section of the transmission channel to determine the quality of the circuit transmission channel. The Time domain (Time domain) is used to describe the relationship between the physical signal and Time, for example, the Time domain waveform of a signal can express the change of the signal along with Time, and the waveform of each symbol is overlapped together by using a cumulative overlapping manner, so that the waveform diagram of the "eye" shape formed after overlapping is the eye diagram (EYE DIAGRAM). The eye diagram contains rich information, the influence of signal interference can be observed from the eye diagram, the integral characteristic of the digital signal is reflected, and the system quality is estimated.
Currently, the excitation signal for signal integrity simulation is typically composed of a PRBS code. However, although the excitation signal formed by the PRBS code can reflect the comprehensive effects of reflection, intersymbol interference and crosstalk to a certain extent, for more complex situations, for example, the situations of odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk and the like are difficult to simulate, and the odd mode crosstalk and the even mode crosstalk are important factors for evaluating Eye Width (Eye Width), so that the excitation signal formed by adopting the PRBS code is simulated, the formed interference signal comprises relatively one-sided interference information, the signal integrity cannot be accurately judged, and the simulation result is not accurate enough.
The excitation signal generated by the method can cover complex scenes such as reflection, intersymbol interference, general crosstalk, odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk and the like, and the accuracy of a simulation result can be improved by applying the excitation signal generated by the method to a signal integrity simulation process.
Exemplary System
In the process of carrying out signal integrity simulation on a high-speed circuit, a transmission channel can be modeled and analyzed in a mode of extracting S parameters. The S-parameter (S PARAMETER scattering parameter) is a network parameter based on the incident wave, reflected wave relationship. The S parameter reflects information of the transmission channel, such as loss, impedance continuity, reflection, delay, crosstalk, etc., of the interconnect channel in terms of the reflected signal from the device port and the signal transmitted from that port to the other port. In extracting the S-parameters, it is necessary to obtain the incident signal and the reflected signal by applying an excitation signal to the port. Wherein each port and interconnection between ports is realized by modeling transmission channels.
Referring to fig. 1, a transmission channel modeling method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is provided, and referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a model formed after modeling a transmission channel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is provided. The step of modeling the transmission channel may comprise:
Step 110: modeling is performed according to the physical structure of the transmission channel. Including setting the physical properties of the model (e.g., stack structure, material properties, length, width, height, etc.). Modeling the transmission channel may include modeling various passive components (passive component) in the entire transmission channel, and in a complete circuit configuration, the channel formed for the passive portion is typically the transmission channel, depending on whether power is required to be divided into a passive portion and an active portion. The passive element can work without connecting a power supply and receiving corresponding signals in the circuit design. The passive components may be packages (packages), printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), connectors (connectors), discrete devices, etc. Wherein the discrete devices (DISCRETE DEVICE) are primarily resistive, inductive, and capacitive type elements.
Step 120: an excitation port for the signal to be extracted is established.
Specifically, step 120 sets an excitation port for inputting an excitation signal and extracting an S parameter for the transmission channel to be simulated.
Step 130: and setting electromagnetic field solving parameters. The solving parameters may include solving frequency, convergence condition, radiation boundary, and the like, which are not specifically limited in the present disclosure.
Step 140: and (5) solving an electromagnetic field. The solved model may be stored in the form of a scattering parameter (S PARAMETER) file.
Step 150: and cascading all the models to build a complete link to be simulated.
Step 160: adding active models of a transmitting end and a receiving end.
The active model may be an IBIS model (Input/Output Buffer Information Specification, IBIS) or a spice model.
After modeling is completed, an excitation signal formed by a certain code pattern can be applied to a transmitting end to perform transient circuit simulation, and then a receiving end checks a received time domain waveform or eye diagram.
In some implementations, steps 110-160 may be accomplished by means of an EDA (Electronic design automation ) tool.
Exemplary method
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of an excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the method including the steps of:
Step 210: constructing a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence;
the first code stream sequence P is a pseudo-random binary sequence, and the second code stream sequence P' is a sequence obtained by inverting the value of each bit of the first code stream sequence P.
In the ITU-t v.29 specification, the PRBS code (pseudo random binary sequence) contains a certain combination of 0 and 1, and the occurrence probability of 0 and 1 presents a certain randomness, so that the PRBS code can well excite the conditions of reflection and intersymbol interference, and can reflect a certain crosstalk information. Therefore, the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence constructed by the PRBS code can be used as the basis for constructing the excitation signal, so that the subsequent signal integrity simulation by using the excitation signal is facilitated.
In the present disclosure, the first code stream sequence may be PRBS (N), where the value of N represents the total number of bits of 0 and 1 in the first code stream sequence, and N may be a natural number other than 0. For example, if the first code stream sequence is constructed with PRBS7, N is 127, i.e., the length of the first code stream sequence is 127 bits.
Specifically, a set of PRBS (N) of N-bit code streams is recorded as a first code stream sequence P, and each bit in the first code stream sequence P is inverted to obtain a new set of code stream sequences, i.e., a second code stream sequence P'. In the inversion process, the original position in the first code stream sequence P is 1, the inverted position is changed to 0, and the original position in the first code stream sequence P is 0, the inverted position is changed to 1. For example, four bits of the first code stream sequence P are 1011, and the second code stream sequence P' obtained by inverting is 0100.
In the present disclosure, a step of modeling may also be included before step 210 is performed.
Specifically, modeling is performed on the structure of the target circuit, and a link to be simulated corresponding to the structure of the target circuit is obtained.
Wherein the link to be emulated may comprise a plurality of branches.
The structure of the target circuit is generally complex and can comprise a plurality of adjacent transmission channels, so that a link to be simulated obtained after modeling the structure of the target circuit can comprise a plurality of branches, and adjacent position relations can exist among the branches. In some implementations, the process of modeling the structure of the target circuit may be performed according to steps 110-160, where the link to be simulated is a simulation model formed after modeling.
Step 220: and constructing a victim code stream and an attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence.
Wherein, the victim code stream V and the attack code stream A both comprise a plurality of code stream segments; the first code stream segment of the victim code stream V is a first code stream sequence, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream V is a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream A are both a first code stream sequence or a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream V are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the victim code stream V, the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream A are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the attack code stream A, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream V corresponds to the first code stream segment of the attack code stream A in position, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream V corresponds to the second code stream segment of the attack code stream A in position.
In the present disclosure, the victim stream V and the aggressor stream a may be used to form odd-mode excitation or even-mode excitation between the respective two branches.
For example, the first code stream sequence is 1011, the second code stream sequence is 0100, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream V is the first code stream sequence, the second code stream segment of the victim code stream V is the second code stream sequence, if the victim code stream V is 10110100, then the attack code stream a may be 10111011 or 01000100. When the attack code stream A is 10111011, even mode excitation can be formed between the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V at the position of the first code stream section, odd mode excitation can be formed at the position of the second code stream section, and correspondingly, when the attack code stream A is 01000100, odd mode excitation can be formed between the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V at the position of the first code stream section, and even mode excitation can be formed at the position of the second code stream section.
The number of the code stream segments included in the victim code stream V and the attack code stream a may be designed according to actual situations, which is not specifically limited in the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the foregoing description is given by way of example only to the first code stream sequence P and the second code stream sequence P ', and does not limit the number of bits of 0/1 and the distribution of 0/1 actually included in the first code stream sequence P and the second code stream sequence P'.
Step 230: and generating excitation signals corresponding to each branch in the link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream.
That is, the excitation signal includes the victim bit stream V and/or the attack bit stream a.
In the excitation signal generation method provided by the disclosure, a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence are constructed by PRBS codes, and then an attack code stream and a victim code stream are respectively constructed according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence. The excitation signal generation method further comprises the steps of constructing an excitation signal for each branch according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream, wherein the excitation signal comprises comprehensive interference information, can excite problems such as reflection, odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk and intersymbol interference, can excite the worst condition of each branch at one time, can quickly obtain a simulation result of each branch, and can greatly improve the accuracy of the simulation result.
On the basis of the embodiment shown in fig. 3, as shown in fig. 4, after constructing the victim code stream and the attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence in step 220, the method provided in the present disclosure may further include:
Step 310: and constructing a third code stream sequence and a fourth code stream sequence.
The third code stream sequence H is an all-1 code stream sequence, i.e., each bit of the third code stream sequence H is 1, for example, the third code stream sequence H may be 1111. The fourth code stream sequence L is an all-0 code stream sequence, i.e. each bit of the fourth code stream sequence L is 0, for example, the fourth code stream sequence L may be 0000. In order to match the first code stream sequence P and the second code stream sequence P ', when the first code stream sequence P and the second code stream sequence P' are both N bits, the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L may be both N bits, where N may be a natural number other than 0. For example, when the first code stream sequence P is constructed with the PRBS7, N is 127, that is, the length of the first code stream sequence P is 127 bits (binarydigit bits), and correspondingly, for the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L, N may be 127, that is, the length of the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L is 127 bits.
Step 320: and constructing an attack code stream according to the third code stream sequence and the fourth code stream sequence.
For example, if the third code stream sequence H is 1111, the fourth code stream sequence L is 0000, and each bit of the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L has no state change, that is, each bit of the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L is 1 or each bit is 0, then the excitation signal is further constructed based on the attack pattern a formed by the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L, the excitation signal including the attack pattern a is always kept in a high or low state, and no state change exists, and when the excitation signal of the adjacent branch includes the victim pattern V, the adjacent branch including the excitation signal of the attack pattern a does not cause crosstalk problem to the adjacent branch, and the adjacent branch only exhibits intersymbol interference and/or reflection problem.
It should be understood that the above description is given by way of example only for the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L, and does not limit the number of bits 0/1 actually included in the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L.
In the excitation signal generation method provided by the present disclosure, the attack code stream a may further specifically include the following:
The third code stream segment of the attack code stream is a third code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream is a fourth code stream sequence; or the third code stream segment of the attack code stream is a fourth code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream is a third code stream sequence.
The third code stream segment and the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream A are any two different from the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment among the plurality of code stream segments of the attack code stream A. That is, the plurality of code stream segments constituting the attack code stream a are not limited to the order of the first code stream segment-the second code stream segment-the third code stream segment-the fourth code stream segment.
As can be seen from the above, the attack code stream a may be configured as follows: the first code stream section and the second code stream section are both the first code stream sequence P or both the first code stream sequence P and the second code stream sequence P', the third code stream section is the third code stream sequence H, and the fourth code stream sequence is the fourth code stream sequence L, wherein the first code stream section, the second code stream section, the third code stream section and the fourth code stream section are any one of a plurality of code stream sections of the attack code stream. Then, for the attack code stream a, for example, the following: PPHL, P ' HL, HP ' P ' L, HPPL, etc., are not exhaustive herein.
In the excitation signal generation method provided by the present disclosure, the victim code stream V may further specifically include the following:
the third code stream segment of the victim code stream is a first code stream sequence or a second code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence.
The third code stream segment and the fourth code stream segment of the victim code stream V are any two different from the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment in the multiple code stream segments of the victim code stream V. That is, the plurality of code stream segments constituting the victim code stream V is not limited to the order of the first code stream segment-the second code stream segment-the third code stream segment-the fourth code stream segment. And, the third code stream segment of the victim code stream V corresponds to the position of the third code stream segment of the attack code stream a, and the fourth code stream segment of the victim code stream V corresponds to the position of the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream a.
As can be seen from the above, the constitution of the victim stream V may be: the first code stream segment is a first code stream sequence P, the second code stream segment is a second code stream sequence P ', or the first code stream segment is a second code stream sequence P', and the second code stream segment is a first code stream sequence P. The third code stream segment is the first code stream sequence P or the second code stream sequence P ', and the fourth code stream segment is the first code stream sequence P or the second code stream sequence P'. That is, the victim bit stream V includes at least a first bit stream sequence P and a second bit stream sequence P'. Then, there are 14 combinations of victim stream V. The calculation formula is as follows: 2 4 -2 = 14. The victim code stream V is exemplified on the basis of the attack code stream a as follows: when the attack code stream a is PPHL, the victim code stream V may be PP ' PP, PP ', PP ' P ' P, PP ' P ', P ' PPP ', P ' PP ' P, P ' PP ' P '. Other cases of the victim stream V are not exhaustive here.
Thus, when the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V appear at the corresponding positions of the adjacent branches, the problems of odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk, general crosstalk, intersymbol interference and reflection can be simultaneously excited.
It is understood that when the victim stream V and the attack stream a each include four stream segments, the lengths of the victim stream V and the attack stream a are 4n, and n may be a natural number other than 0.
In some implementations, the attack code stream a provided by the present disclosure may include four code stream segments, which may be a first code stream sequence P, a second code stream sequence P', a third code stream sequence H, and a fourth code stream sequence L, respectively. The victim code stream V may also include four code stream segments, two of which are the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence, respectively, and the other two of which are the first code stream sequence and/or the second code stream sequence. In this way, the excitation signal formed by the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V can be used for exciting the problems of odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk, intersymbol interference, reflection and the like.
In other implementations, the attack code stream a provided by the present disclosure may further include only two code stream segments, where the two code stream segments may be the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence. The victim pattern V may include only two code stream segments, which may be a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, respectively. In this way, the excitation signal formed by the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V can be used for exciting the problems of odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk and the like.
In other implementations, the attack code stream a provided by the present disclosure may further include only two code stream segments, where the two code stream segments may be a third code stream sequence and a fourth code stream sequence, and the victim code stream V may also include only two code stream segments, where the two code stream segments may be a first code stream sequence and/or a second code stream sequence. In this way, the excitation signal formed by the attack code stream a and the victim code stream V can be used to excite problems of intersymbol interference and reflection. For example, an attack excitation signal is formed by constructing the attack code stream a, a Victim excitation signal is formed by constructing the Victim code stream V, one branch is selected as an attack line (Aggressor), the other branch is selected as a Victim line (Victim), the attack excitation signal is input to the attack line, and the Victim excitation signal is input to the Victim line, and then the problem represented by the Victim line is inter-symbol interference and reflection.
In this disclosure, step 230 may specifically include: each branch comprises a first branch and a second branch, the excitation signal corresponding to the first branch comprises an attack code stream, the excitation signal corresponding to the second branch comprises a victim code stream, and odd mode excitation or even mode excitation is formed between the first branch and the second branch.
If a certain term of the first excitation signal is a victim code stream, a term of the second excitation signal corresponding to the victim code stream of the first excitation signal is an attack code stream, namely, one term of the first excitation signal is determined to be the victim code stream, and a term of the second excitation signal corresponding to the victim code stream of the first excitation signal is determined to be the attack code stream. When the first excitation signal and the second excitation signal are input to two adjacent branches, the odd mode crosstalk and the even mode crosstalk can be ensured to be excited on the link to be simulated.
It can be understood that the first branch and the second branch are any two adjacent branches in all branches of the link to be simulated, and the total number of the excitation signals should be equal to the number of branches of the link to be simulated.
Specifically, the excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation provided by the present disclosure may further include:
and determining the total number of attack code streams and victim code streams included in each excitation signal according to the number of the branches.
The total number of attack code streams A and victim code streams V included in each excitation signal is larger than or equal to the number of branches. The total number of attack code stream A and victim code stream V included in each excitation signal is the number of terms contained in the excitation signal.
The total number of attack bit streams a and victim bit streams V included in the excitation signal can be regarded as the length of the excitation signal. For example, if the total number of the link branches to be simulated is M, the total number of the attack code stream a and the victim code stream V may be M. Thus, M attack and victim streams a and V are sufficient to construct a different excitation signal for each branch, and each branch includes attack or victim stream a or V, that is, each branch may be referred to as a victim line.
In this disclosure, in order to describe the relationship between the number of branches and the total number of attack code streams and victim code streams in the excitation signal, the number of branches is illustrated, and in the following description, the number of branches may be 4. It should be understood that the examples of the number of branches are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the disclosure in any way.
Specifically, the excitation signal may specifically include the following:
One of the excitation signals is a victim code stream, and the other excitation signals are attack code streams; between the excitation signals corresponding to the branches respectively, the victim code appears on different items; or one item of the excitation signals is an attack code stream, the rest items are victim code streams, and attack codes appear on different items between the excitation signals corresponding to each branch respectively.
TABLE 1
Wherein A represents an attack code stream, and V represents a victim code stream.
Referring to table 1, examples of the respective excitation signals including the difference in total number of the attack bit stream a and the victim bit stream V are shown. Taking 4 branches as an example, the total number of attack code streams A and victim code streams V of the excitation signal is more than or equal to 4. If the total number of the attack code stream a and the victim code stream V is 4, four excitation signals corresponding to the four branches may be: a first branch: AAAV, second leg: AAVA, third leg: AVAA, fourth branch: VAAA, may also be: a first branch: VVVA, second leg: VVAV, third leg: VAVV, fourth branch: AVVV. Thus, no matter what kind of excitation signal is input to the four branches, and no matter how the adjacent relation of the four branches changes, the corresponding relation of the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V can be formed between the adjacent branches, and the problems of odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk, general crosstalk, intersymbol interference and reflection can be excited. That is, the excitation signal constructed according to the total number of the attack code stream a and the victim code stream V, which are included, is the most concise excitation signal, and the simulation result obtained based on the excitation signal can more comprehensively reflect the problem of each branch. In addition, since each excitation signal only includes one attack code stream a or only includes one victim code stream V, when the excitation signal is input to each branch, each branch has a probability of becoming a victim line, and accordingly, other branches except the victim line are attack lines, the worst case of each branch can be excited at one time, and it is not necessary to select and determine which branch is taken as the victim line through a frequency domain or manual selection, that is, the simulation result formed in this way is not affected by the selection of the victim line.
With continued reference to table 1, taking the example of 4 branches, if the total number of attack bit stream a and victim bit stream V of the excitation signal is less than 4, for example, 3, then one case of four excitation signals corresponding to four branches is: a first branch: VAA, second leg: AVA, third leg: AAV, fourth arm: the VAA can form a corresponding relation between the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V, so that odd mode excitation and even mode excitation are excited. However, the adjacent relation of the branches is not fixed, and the adjacent relation of the branches is changed into a fourth branch, a first branch, a second branch and a third branch, so that the fourth branch and the first branch have no corresponding relation of A and V, odd mode excitation cannot be excited, and even mode excitation can only be excited. Therefore, the scheme that the total number of the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V of the excitation signal is smaller than the total number of the branches is not the optimal selection scheme.
With continued reference to table 1, taking the example of 4 branches, if the total number of attack bit stream a and victim bit stream V of the excitation signal is greater than 4, for example, 5, then one case of four excitation signals corresponding to four branches is: a first branch: VAAAA, second leg: AVAAA, third leg: AAVAA, fourth branch: AAAVA. At this time, the excitation signal can comprehensively reflect the problem, each branch has the opportunity to become a victim line, the worst condition of each branch can be excited at one time, and the simulation result is comprehensive and accurate, thus being a better selection scheme.
In some implementations, the total number of attack code streams a and victim code streams V of the excitation signals of part of the branches may be equal to the number of branches, the total number of attack code streams a and victim code streams V of the excitation signals of the rest of the branches may be greater than the number of branches, and adaptive design may be performed according to actual situations, which is not specifically limited in the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 5, a flow chart for determining simulated excitation time is provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, in the method provided by the present disclosure, after step 230, the following steps are further included:
step 240: a unit interval of one symbol in the first code stream sequence is determined.
Wherein, the unit interval (UnitInterval, UI) time of one symbol can be recorded as t1.
The circuit transmits a signal by identifying each bit (unit: bit) of information by a change in waveform, and the waveform of this bit of information is called a symbol. In digital communication, symbols having the same time interval are often used to represent one symbol, for example, when data is represented by binary codes 0 and 1, a waveform representing 0 is one symbol, and a waveform representing 1 is another symbol. The baud rate, which represents the number of symbol symbols transmitted per unit time, is a measure of the symbol transmission rate. A symbol UI is defined as the width of one data bit, for example: in a data stream with a baud rate of 10Gbps, a UI is equal to 100ps; similarly, in a 1.0Gbps data stream, one UI is equal to 1ns. For the first code stream sequence, such a binary sequence, a bit of the binary is a symbol. Wherein the unit interval time of different code elements in the first code stream sequence is the same. The symbol UI time t1 may be determined according to the baud rate of the actual signal.
Step 250: the number of symbols contained in the excitation signal is determined.
The number of symbols may be denoted as K. The number of symbols included in an excitation signal depends on the number of first, second, third and fourth code stream sequences P, P', H and L included therein.
For example, the total number of the attack code stream a and the victim code stream V included in one excitation signal is M, each attack code stream a or victim code stream V contains 4 code stream sequences (a first code stream sequence, a second code stream sequence, a third code stream sequence, or a fourth code stream sequence), each code stream sequence contains N symbols, and then the number of symbols k=4xnxm=4nm.
Step 260: determining simulation excitation time based on the number of code elements and unit interval time of one code element; the simulation excitation time is used for representing the duration of the excitation signal for simulation.
Wherein, the simulation excitation time is recorded as T, and then the calculation formula of the simulation excitation time T is as follows: t=k×t1. Where K represents the number of symbols included in the excitation signal, and t1 represents a unit interval time of one symbol.
To excite the effects of each bit of the excitation signal in the simulation model, a simulated excitation time may be determined as per steps 240-260. Thus, the simulation excitation time is the time that is most efficient in performing the simulation.
According to the method provided by the disclosure, a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence are constructed based on a pseudo-random binary sequence, a third code stream sequence of all 1 and a fourth code stream sequence of all 0 are constructed, an attack code stream and a victim code stream are constructed based on the first code stream sequence, the second code stream sequence, the third code stream sequence and the fourth code stream sequence, and then an excitation signal is constructed for each branch according to the attack code stream and the victim code stream. The worst condition of each branch can be stimulated at one time, the simulation result is obtained rapidly, and the simulation result has high accuracy.
In some implementations, in order to verify the accuracy of the victim stream V and the attack stream a, the present disclosure may perform the following verification steps: firstly, three adjacent branches are selected, which are marked as Trace1, trace2 and Trace3 from top to bottom, trace2 is endowed with a victim code stream V as excitation, trace1 and Trace3 are endowed with an attack code stream A as excitation, thus reflection, intersymbol interference, general crosstalk, odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk and the like can be formed between the victim code stream V and the attack code stream A, and at the moment, the accuracy of the victim code stream V and the attack code stream A can be verified by observing eye pattern results.
Referring to fig. 6, an excitation signal generation apparatus for signal integrity simulation, which may be a server or a module disposed on the server, is provided for implementing all or part of the functions of the foregoing method embodiments, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, the excitation signal generation device includes: a first construction module 501, a second construction module 502 and an excitation signal generation module 503.
Specifically, the first construction module 501 is configured to construct a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, where the first code stream sequence is a pseudo-random binary sequence, and the second code stream sequence is a sequence obtained by inverting a value of each bit of the first code stream sequence.
The second construction module 502 is configured to construct a victim code stream and an attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence constructed by the first construction module 501.
The victim code stream and the attack code stream comprise a plurality of code stream sections; the first code stream segment of the victim code stream is a first code stream sequence, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream is a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are both a first code stream sequence or a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the victim code stream, the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the attack code stream, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the first code stream segment of the attack code stream in position, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the second code stream segment of the attack code stream in position.
The excitation signal generating module 503 is configured to generate excitation signals corresponding to each branch in the link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream constructed by the second constructing module 502.
Optionally, in an implementation manner of the present disclosure, generating, according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream, excitation signals corresponding to each branch in the link to be simulated includes: each branch comprises a first branch and a second branch, the excitation signal corresponding to the first branch comprises an attack code stream, the excitation signal corresponding to the second branch comprises a victim code stream, and odd mode excitation or even mode excitation is formed between the first branch and the second branch.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 7, another excitation signal generation device for signal integrity simulation is provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The excitation signal generation apparatus provided by the present disclosure further includes a first calculation module 504, where the first calculation module 504 is configured to: and determining the total number of attack code streams and victim code streams included in each excitation signal according to the number of the branches.
Optionally, in an implementation manner of the present disclosure, the attack code stream and the victim code stream are used as terms of excitation signals to form the excitation signals, one term of the excitation signals is the victim code stream, and the other terms are the attack code streams; between the excitation signals corresponding to the branches respectively, the victim code appears on different items;
or one item of the excitation signals is an attack code stream, the rest items are victim code streams, and attack codes appear on different items between the excitation signals corresponding to each branch respectively.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 7, the excitation signal generation apparatus provided by the present disclosure further includes a second calculation module 505, where the second calculation module 505 is configured to: determining a unit interval time of one code element in the first code stream sequence;
determining the number of symbols contained in the excitation signal;
Determining simulation excitation time based on the number of code elements and unit interval time of one code element; the simulation excitation time is used for representing the duration of the excitation signal for simulation.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 7, in the excitation signal generation device provided by the present disclosure, the first building block 501 is further configured to: constructing a third code stream sequence and a fourth code stream sequence, wherein the third code stream sequence is an all-1 code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream sequence is an all-0 code stream sequence;
The second building block 502 is also configured to: and constructing an attack code stream according to the third code stream sequence and the fourth code stream sequence.
Optionally, in an implementation manner of the present disclosure, a third code stream segment of the attack code stream is a third code stream sequence, and a fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream is a fourth code stream sequence; or the third code stream segment of the attack code stream is a fourth code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream is a third code stream sequence.
Optionally, in an implementation manner of the present disclosure, a third code stream segment of the victim code stream is a first code stream sequence or a second code stream sequence, and a fourth code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence.
Exemplary electronic device
Next, an electronic device according to the present disclosure is described with reference to fig. 8. The electronic device may be either or both of the first device 100 and the second device 200, or a stand-alone device independent thereof, which may communicate with the first device and the second device to receive the acquired input signals therefrom.
Fig. 8 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device according to the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 8, the electronic device 11 includes one or more processors 111 and a memory 112.
The processor 111 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit having data processing and/or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device 11 to perform desired functions.
Memory 112 may include one or more computer program products that may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or cache memory (cache), and the like. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read Only Memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, and the like. One or more computer program instructions may be stored on the computer readable storage medium that can be executed by the processor 111 to implement the excitation signal generation methods for signal integrity simulation and/or other desired functions of the various embodiments of the present disclosure described above. Various contents such as an input signal, a signal component, a noise component, and the like may also be stored in the computer-readable storage medium.
In one example, the electronic device 11 may further include: an input device 113 and an output device 114, which are interconnected by a bus system and/or other forms of connection mechanisms (not shown).
For example, when the electronic device is the first device 100 or the second device 200, the input means 113 may be a microphone or a microphone array as described above for capturing an input signal of a sound source. When the electronic device is a stand-alone device, the input means 113 may be a communication network connector for receiving the acquired input signals from the first device 100 and the second device 200.
In addition, the input device 13 may also include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, and the like.
The output device 114 may output various information to the outside, including the determined distance information, direction information, and the like. The output device 14 may include, for example, a display, speakers, a printer, and a communication network and remote output devices connected thereto, etc.
Of course, only some of the components of the electronic device 11 relevant to the present disclosure are shown in fig. 8 for simplicity, components such as buses, input/output interfaces, and the like being omitted. In addition, the electronic device 11 may include any other suitable components depending on the particular application.
Exemplary computer program product and computer readable storage Medium
In addition to the methods and apparatus described above, embodiments of the present disclosure may also be a computer program product comprising computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in an excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation according to various embodiments of the present disclosure described in the "exemplary methods" section of this specification.
The computer program product may write program code for performing the operations of the present disclosure in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device, partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server.
Furthermore, embodiments of the present disclosure may also be a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon computer program instructions, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in an excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation according to various embodiments of the present disclosure described in the above "exemplary methods" section of the present disclosure.
The computer readable storage medium may employ any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium may include, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, random Access Memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The basic principles of the present disclosure have been described above in connection with specific embodiments, but it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, effects, etc. mentioned in the present disclosure are merely examples and not limiting, and these advantages, benefits, effects, etc. are not to be considered as necessarily possessed by the various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and understanding only, and are not intended to be limiting, since the disclosure is not necessarily limited to practice with the specific details described.
The block diagrams of the devices, apparatuses, devices, systems referred to in this disclosure are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that the connections, arrangements, configurations must be made in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the devices, apparatuses, devices, systems may be connected, arranged, configured in any manner. Words such as "including," "comprising," "having," and the like are words of openness and mean "including but not limited to," and are used interchangeably therewith. The terms "or" and "as used herein refer to and are used interchangeably with the term" and/or "unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term "such as" as used herein refers to, and is used interchangeably with, the phrase "such as, but not limited to.
It is also noted that in the apparatus, devices and methods of the present disclosure, components or steps may be disassembled and/or assembled. Such decomposition and/or recombination should be considered equivalent to the present disclosure.
The previous description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of the disclosure to the form disclosed herein. Although a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and subcombinations thereof.
Claims (11)
1. A method of excitation signal generation for signal integrity simulation, comprising:
constructing a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, wherein the first code stream sequence is a pseudo-random binary sequence, and the second code stream sequence is a sequence obtained by inverting the value of each bit of the first code stream sequence;
Constructing a victim code stream and an attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence; wherein the victim code stream and the attack code stream each comprise a plurality of code stream segments; the first code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream is the second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are both the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the victim code stream, the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the attack code stream, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the position of the first code stream segment of the attack code stream, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the position of the second code stream segment of the attack code stream;
and generating excitation signals corresponding to each branch in the link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating excitation signals corresponding to each branch in the link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream comprises: each branch comprises a first branch and a second branch, the excitation signal corresponding to the first branch comprises the attack code stream, the excitation signal corresponding to the second branch comprises the victim code stream, and odd mode excitation or even mode excitation is formed between the first branch and the second branch.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and determining the total number of the attack code streams and the victim code streams included by each excitation signal according to the number of the branches.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the attack and victim streams form the stimulus signal as terms of the stimulus signal, the method further comprising:
One item of the excitation signal is the victim code stream, and the rest items are the attack code streams; the victim code appears on different items between the excitation signals respectively corresponding to the branches;
Or one item of the excitation signals is the attack code stream, the rest item is the victim code stream, and the attack code appears on different items between the excitation signals corresponding to the branches respectively.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein unit interval time of different symbols in the first code stream sequence is the same, and after generating excitation signals corresponding to each branch in a link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream, the method further comprises:
Determining a unit interval time of one code element in the first code stream sequence;
Determining the number of the symbols contained in the excitation signal;
Determining simulation excitation time based on the number of the code elements and unit interval time of one code element; the simulation excitation time is used for representing the duration of the excitation signal for simulation.
6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein after constructing a victim and an aggressor code stream from the first and second code stream sequences, the method further comprises:
constructing a third code stream sequence and a fourth code stream sequence, wherein the third code stream sequence is an all-1 code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream sequence is an all-0 code stream sequence;
and constructing the attack code stream according to the third code stream sequence and the fourth code stream sequence.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
The third code stream segment of the attack code stream is the third code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream is the fourth code stream sequence; or the third code stream segment of the attack code stream is the fourth code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream is the third code stream sequence.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
The third code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence.
9. An excitation signal generation apparatus for signal integrity simulation, comprising:
A first construction module: the method comprises the steps of constructing a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, wherein the first code stream sequence is a pseudo-random binary sequence, and the second code stream sequence is a sequence obtained by inverting the value of each bit of the first code stream sequence;
And a second construction module: the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence are used for constructing a victim code stream and an attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence constructed by the first construction module; wherein the victim code stream and the attack code stream each comprise a plurality of code stream segments; the first code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream is the second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are both the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the victim code stream, the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the attack code stream, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the position of the first code stream segment of the attack code stream, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the position of the second code stream segment of the attack code stream;
An excitation signal generation module: and the excitation signal generating module is used for generating excitation signals respectively corresponding to all branches in the link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream constructed by the second construction module.
10. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation of any one of the preceding claims 1-8.
11. An electronic device, the electronic device comprising:
A processor;
A memory for storing the processor-executable instructions;
The processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation according to any one of the preceding claims 1-8.
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| CN109889335A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-06-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十研究所 | Based on the random novel high safety optical link secret communication method for shunting encrypted transmission |
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| CN109889335A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-06-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十研究所 | Based on the random novel high safety optical link secret communication method for shunting encrypted transmission |
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