CN114609823A - 带粘合剂层的偏振膜 - Google Patents
带粘合剂层的偏振膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114609823A CN114609823A CN202210298143.XA CN202210298143A CN114609823A CN 114609823 A CN114609823 A CN 114609823A CN 202210298143 A CN202210298143 A CN 202210298143A CN 114609823 A CN114609823 A CN 114609823A
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- Prior art keywords
- adhesive layer
- meth
- pressure
- sensitive adhesive
- liquid crystal
- Prior art date
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- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 96
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 13
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 12
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 125000005370 alkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 206010040844 Skin exfoliation Diseases 0.000 description 4
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- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910016855 F9SO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910007003 Li(C2F5SO2)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001560 Li(CF3SO2)2N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 3
- NOBYOEQUFMGXBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)oxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound C1CC(C(C)(C)C)CCC1OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC1CCC(C(C)(C)C)CC1 NOBYOEQUFMGXBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- FKAWETHEYBZGSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylidenepyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)NC1=O FKAWETHEYBZGSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIAHASMJDOMQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethyl-2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCC1=CN=C(C)N1 RIAHASMJDOMQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910016850 F2n+1SO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910007042 Li(CF3SO2)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GXDLZONOWLZMTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-3-methylidenepyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN1C(=O)CC(=C)C1=O GXDLZONOWLZMTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJLLJZNSZJHXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O SJLLJZNSZJHXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCCCCC1=O JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种即使在加湿环境下也能够满足稳定的抗静电功能的带触摸传感功能的液晶面板。上述内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板具有:配置于内置触摸传感功能的液晶单元的可视侧的第一偏振膜和配置于可视侧的相反侧的第二偏振膜;及配置于上述第一偏振膜与上述液晶单元之间的第一粘合剂层,其中,上述第一粘合剂层由含有(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)及离子性化合物(B)的粘合剂组合物形成,上述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)含有(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(a1)及含酰胺基单体(a2)作为单体单元,并且即使在加湿环境下,上述内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板的表面电阻值的变化也小。
Description
本申请是申请日为2016年09月20日、申请号为201680056807.4、发明名称为“带触摸传感功能的液晶面板及液晶显示装置”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及带触摸传感功能的液晶面板及液晶显示装置。本发明的带触摸传感功能的液晶显示装置能够作为移动设备等的各种输入显示装置使用。
背景技术
液晶显示装置通常根据其图像形成方式从液晶单元的两侧隔着粘合剂层贴合偏振膜。另外,在液晶显示装置的显示画面搭载触摸面板的产品也被实用化。作为触摸面板,存在电容式、电阻膜式、光学方式、超声波方式或电磁感应式等各种方式,但开始大量采用电容式。近年来,使用了内置有电容传感器作为触摸传感器部的带触摸传感功能的液晶显示装置。
另一方面,制造液晶显示装置时,将上述带粘合剂层的偏振膜粘贴于液晶单元时将脱模膜从带粘合剂层的偏振膜的粘合剂层上剥离,但由于该脱模膜的剥离而产生静电。这样产生的静电会影响液晶显示装置内部的液晶层的取向,导致不良。静电的产生可以通过例如在偏振膜的外表面形成抗静电层来抑制。
另一方面,带触摸传感功能的液晶显示装置中的电容传感器在使用者的手指接近其表面时,检测透明电极图案与手指形成的微弱的电容。在上述透明电极图案与使用者的手指之间具有像抗静电层这样的导电层时,驱动电极与传感器电极之间的电场紊乱,传感器电极容量变得不稳定,触摸面板灵敏度降低,成为误动作的原因。在带触摸传感功能的液晶显示装置中,要求在抑制静电产生的同时抑制电容传感器的误动作。例如,针对上述问题,为了在带触摸传感功能的液晶显示装置中减少显示不良、误动作的发生,提出了在液晶层的可视侧配置具有表面电阻值为1.0×109~1.0×1011Ω/□的抗静电层的偏振膜(专利文献1)。
此外,以防止由静电导致的液晶面板的不均、异物的附着等为目的,提出了具有抗静电功能的光学膜用粘合剂。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2013-105154号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
根据专利文献1中记载的具有抗静电层的偏振膜,能够抑制一定程度的静电产生。然而,在专利文献1中,由于抗静电层的配置位置偏离静电产生的原本的位置,因此,与对粘合剂层赋予抗静电功能的情况相比,并非有效。
另外,与设置于上述偏振膜的抗静电层相比,含有离子性化合物的粘合剂层在抑制静电产生、防止静电不均方面是有效的。然而,已知含有离子性化合物的粘合剂层的抗静电功能经时地劣化。特别是,已知在加湿环境下(加湿可靠性试验后),粘合剂层中的离子性化合物在与光学膜(偏振膜)的界面发生偏析、或转移到光学膜(偏振膜)中,粘合剂层的表面电阻值变大,抗静电功能显著降低。已知这样的粘合剂层的抗静电功能的降低成为带触摸传感功能的液晶显示装置的静电不均的产生及误动作的主要原因。
本发明的目的在于,提供一种带触摸传感功能的液晶面板,其在内置触摸传感功能的液晶单元的可视侧通过含有离子性化合物的粘合剂层贴合光学膜,即使在加湿环境下,也能够满足稳定的抗静电功能。此外,本发明的目的在于,提供使用了上述液晶面板的液晶显示装置。
解决问题的方法
本发明人等为了解决上述问题,反复进行了深入研究,其结果发现,通过下述带触摸传感功能的液晶面板能够解决上述问题,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明涉及一种内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板,其具有:
具有液晶层及触摸传感器部的内置触摸传感功能的液晶单元;
配置于上述液晶单元的可视侧的第一偏振膜和配置于可视侧的相反侧的第二偏振膜;及
配置于上述第一偏振膜与上述液晶单元之间的第一粘合剂层,
其中,上述第一粘合剂层含有(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)及离子性化合物(B)的粘合剂组合物形成,上述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)含有(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(a1)及含酰胺基单体(a2)作为单体单元,并且,
上述第一粘合剂层第一粘合剂层满足:表面电阻值的变动比(b/a)≤5,
其中,制作在上述第一偏振膜上设置有上述第一粘合剂层、且在该第一粘合剂层上设置有隔膜的状态的带粘合剂层的第一偏振膜,上述a表示制作带粘合剂层的第一偏振膜后立即将上述隔膜剥离时的第一粘合剂层的表面电阻值,上述b表示将上述带粘合剂层的第一偏振膜投入60℃/95%RH的加湿环境下250小时,进一步在40℃干燥1小时后,将上述隔膜剥离时的第一粘合剂层的表面电阻值
在上述内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板中,优选上述含酰胺基单体(a2)为含N-乙烯基内酰胺类单体。
在上述内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板中,优选在上述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)中含有0.1重量%以上的上述含酰胺基单体(a2)作为单体单元。
在上述内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板中,优选上述离子性化合物(B)为碱金属盐。优选相对于上述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)100重量份,含有0.01重量份以上的上述离子性化合物(B)。
上述内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板能够合适地适用于上述触摸传感器部与第一粘合剂层直接接触的情况。
另外,本发明涉及具有上述内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板的液晶显示装置。
发明的效果
本发明的内置触摸传感功能的面板中,设置于含有触摸传感器部的液晶单元与配置于该液晶单元的可视侧的第一偏振膜之间的第一粘合剂层由(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)和离子性化合物(B)形成,上述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)含有含酰胺基单体(a2)作为单体单元。第一粘合剂层中含有离子性化合物(B),能够使第一粘合剂层的表面电阻值降低,抑制静电产生。
另外,第一粘合剂层中存在导入至作为基础聚合物的(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)中的侧链的酰胺基。由于该酰胺基的存在,即使在加湿环境下,也能够抑制通过配合离子性化合物(B)而调整的第一粘合剂层的表面电阻值变动而变大,可保持在期望的值的范围内。可认为由于作为共聚单体的官能团被导入至(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)中的侧链的酰胺基的存在,(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)与离子性化合物(B)的相容性提高。其结果,即使在加湿环境下,也能够抑制第一粘合剂层中的离子性化合物(B)向偏振膜等界面的偏析、移动,第一粘合剂层能够将表面电阻值保持在期望值的范围内。可认为根据具有这样的本发明的第一粘合剂层的带触摸传感功能的液晶面板,能够抑制由静电产生导致的不均,而且能够抑制误动作发生,抑制触摸面板的灵敏度降低。本发明的带触摸传感功能的液晶面板在使用内嵌(In-Cell)型液晶单元、外嵌(On-Cell)型液晶单元作为内置触摸传感功能的液晶单元的情况中特别合适。
另外,上述粘合剂层中存在导入至作为基础聚合物的(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)中的侧链的酰胺基,因此,对玻璃及透明导电层(ITO层等)的任一者都具有良好的耐久性,能够抑制在粘贴于液晶面板的状态下发生剥离、翘起等。另外,即使在加湿环境下(加湿可靠性试验后),也能够满足耐久性。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的带触摸传感功能的液晶面板的一例的剖面图。
图2是示出本发明的带触摸传感功能的液晶面板的一例的剖面图。
图3是示出本发明的带触摸传感功能的液晶面板的一例的剖面图。
符号说明
11、12 第一、第二偏振膜
21、22 第一、第二粘合剂层
3 液晶层
41、42 第一、第二透明基板
5 触摸传感器部
6 驱动电极兼传感器部
7 驱动电极
C 液晶单元
具体实施方式
参照附图对本发明的内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板进行说明。本发明的内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板具有:具有液晶层3及触摸传感器部5的液晶单元C;配置于该液晶单元C的可视侧的第一偏振膜11和配置于可视侧的相反侧的第二偏振膜12;及配置于上述第一偏振膜11与上述液晶单元C之间的第一粘合剂层21。本发明的内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板的上述各构成从可视侧起可以简易地表示为第一偏振膜11/第一粘合剂层21/液晶单元C/第二偏振膜12。在上述内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板中,简易地示出各构成的顺序,但也可以在各构成间适宜地具有其它构成。
本发明的内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板的具体例示于例如图1至图3。
图1是所谓的内嵌型内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板,从可视侧起,具有第一偏振膜11/第一粘合剂层21/第一透明基板41/触摸传感器部5/液晶层3/驱动电极兼传感器部6/第二透明基板42/第二粘合剂层22/第二偏振膜12的构成。在图1的内嵌型内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板中,例如,液晶单元C在夹持液晶层3的第一玻璃基板、第二玻璃基板41、42内(液晶单元内)具有触摸传感器部5及驱动电极兼传感器部6。
另外,图2是所谓的内嵌型(半内嵌型)内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板的变形例,从可视侧起具有第一偏振膜11/第一粘合剂层21/触摸传感器部5/第一透明基板41/液晶层3/驱动电极兼传感器部6/第二透明基板42/第二粘合剂层22/第二偏振膜12的构成。在图2的内嵌型内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板中,例如,液晶单元C的触摸传感器部5在第一透明基板41的外侧与第一粘合剂层21直接接触,在夹持液晶层3的第一玻璃基板、第二玻璃基板41、42内(液晶单元内)的第二透明基板42的一侧具有驱动电极兼传感器部6。
另外,图3是所谓的外嵌型内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板,从可视侧起具有第一偏振膜11/第一粘合剂层21/触摸传感器部5/驱动电极兼传感器部6/第一透明基板41/液晶层3/驱动电极7/第二透明基板42//第二粘合剂层22/第二偏振膜12的构成。在图3的外嵌型内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板中,例如,液晶单元C在第一透明基板41的外侧具有触摸传感器部5及驱动电极兼传感器部6,触摸传感器部5与第一粘合剂层21直接接触,在夹持液晶层3的第一玻璃基板、第二玻璃基板41、42内(液晶单元内)的第二透明基板42的一侧具有驱动电极7。
在内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板中,在上述液晶单元C的触摸传感器部5与第一粘合剂层21直接接触的情况下,第一粘合剂层21(含有离子性化合物)的抗静电功能容易降低,特别是在加湿环境下,容易降低。因此,在上述示例的实例中,本发明的内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板合适地适用于图2所示的内嵌型(变形例)或图3所示的外嵌型内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板。
第一偏振膜11、第二偏振膜12通常使用在起偏镜的单面或两面具有透明保护膜的偏振膜。第一偏振膜11、第二偏振膜12以透射轴(或吸收轴)正交的方式配置于液晶层3的两侧。
对起偏镜没有特别限制,可以使用各种起偏镜。作为起偏镜,可列举例如:使碘、二色性染料的二色性材料吸附于聚乙烯醇类膜、部分缩甲醛化聚乙烯醇类膜、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物类部分皂化膜等亲水性高分子膜并对其单向拉伸而得到的起偏镜;聚乙烯醇的脱水处理物、聚氯乙烯的脱盐酸处理物等多烯类取向膜等。其中,优选包含聚乙烯醇类膜和碘等二色性物质的起偏镜。对这些起偏镜的厚度没有特殊限制,一般为80μm左右以下。
另外,作为起偏镜,可以使用厚度为10μm以下的薄型起偏镜。从薄型化的观点来说,该厚度优选为1~7μm。这样的薄型起偏镜厚度不均少、视觉辨认性优异,而且尺寸变化少,因此,耐久性优异,进而作为偏振膜的厚度也能够实现薄型化,在该方面优选。
作为构成透明保护膜的材料,例如可使用透明性、机械强度、热稳定性、水分阻隔性、各向同性等优异的热塑性树脂。作为这样的热塑性树脂的具体例,例如可列举:三乙酰纤维素等纤维素树脂、聚酯树脂、聚醚砜树脂、聚砜树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚烯烃树脂、(甲基)丙烯酸树脂、环状聚烯烃树脂(例如降冰片烯类树脂)、聚芳酯树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、聚乙烯醇树脂、及它们的混合物等。需要说明的是,可以在起偏镜的单侧通过粘接剂层贴合透明保护膜,在另一单侧使用(甲基)丙烯酸类、氨基甲酸酯类、丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯类、环氧类、有机硅类等热固性树脂或紫外线固化型树脂作为透明保护膜。
作为上述透明保护膜的材料,纤维素树脂、(甲基)丙烯酸树脂由于能够将设置于该透明保护膜的第一粘合剂层的表面电阻值的上述变动比(b/a)控制为较小水平而优选。特别是(甲基)丙烯酸树脂,与纤维素树脂相比,在能够将第一粘合剂层的表面电阻值的上述变动比(b/a)控制为较小水平的方面优选。需要说明的是,作为(甲基)丙烯酸树脂,优选使用具有内酰胺环结构的(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂。作为具有内酰胺环结构的(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂,可列举日本特开2000-230016号公报、日本特开2001-151814号公报、日本特开2002-120326号公报、日本特开2002-254544号公报、日本特开2005-146084号公报等中记载的具有内酰胺环结构的(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂。
可以在上述透明保护膜的未粘接起偏镜的一面设置硬涂层、防反射层、防粘附层、扩散层、防眩层等功能层。
在上述起偏镜与透明保护膜的贴合中使用的粘接剂只要是光学透明,就没有特殊限制,可以使用水性、溶剂型、热熔性、自由基固化型、阳离子固化型的各种形态的粘接剂,优选水性粘接剂或自由基固化型粘接剂。
需要说明的是,液晶单元C的配置于可视侧的第一偏振膜11、配置于上述可视侧的相反侧的第二偏振膜12可以根据各自的配置位置的适应性叠层其它光学膜后使用。作为上述其它光学膜,可列举例如:反射板、反透射板、位相差膜(包括1/2波片、1/4波片等)、视觉补偿膜、亮度提高膜等作为有时在液晶显示装置等的形成中使用的光学层的光学膜。这些其它光学膜可以使用1层或2层以上。使用这些其它光学膜的情况下,也优选将最靠近液晶层3一侧的粘合剂层作为上述第一粘合剂层21。
第一粘合剂层21由含有(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)及离子性化合物(B)的粘合剂组合物形成,上述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)含有(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(a1)及含酰胺基单体(a2)作为单体单元。该粘合剂组合物的详细情况在后面叙述。
第二粘合剂层22由粘合剂形成。作为粘合剂,可以使用各种粘合剂,可列举例如:橡胶类粘合剂、丙烯酸类粘合剂、有机硅类粘合剂、氨基甲酸酯类粘合剂、乙烯基烷基醚类粘合剂、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮类粘合剂、聚丙烯酰胺类粘合剂、纤维素类粘合剂等。根据上述粘合剂的种类选择粘合性的基础聚合物。上述粘合剂中,从光学透明性优异、显示出适宜的润湿性、凝聚性及粘接性等粘合特性、耐候性、耐热性等优异方面考虑,优选使用丙烯酸类粘合剂。对第二粘合剂层22的厚度没有特殊限制,例如为1~100μm左右。优选为2~50μm,更优选为2~40μm,进一步优选为5~35μm。
液晶单元C所具有的液晶层3使用的是适用于内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板的液晶层,其包含在不存在电场的状态下均匀取向的液晶分子。作为液晶层3,优选使用例如IPS方式的液晶层。此外,作为液晶层3,可以使用例如TN型、STN型、π型、VA型等任意类型的液晶层。上述液晶层的厚度例如为1.5μm~4μm左右。
在液晶单元C中,第一透明基板41及第二透明基板42能够夹持上述液晶层3而形成液晶单元。根据内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板的形态,在液晶单元内或在液晶单元外形成触摸传感器部5、驱动电极兼传感器部6、驱动电极7等。另外,可以在液晶单元上(第一透明基板41)设置彩色滤光基板。
形成上述透明基板的材料可列举例如玻璃或聚合物膜。作为上述聚合物膜,可列举例如:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚环烯烃、聚碳酸酯等。在上述透明基板由玻璃形成的情况下,其厚度例如为0.3mm~1mm左右。在上述透明基板由聚合物膜形成的情况下,其厚度例如为10μm~200μm左右。上述透明基板可以在其表面具有易粘接层、硬涂层。
触摸传感器部5(电容传感器)、驱动电极兼传感器部6、驱动电极7以透明导电层的形式形成。作为上述透明导电层的构成材料,没有特殊限定,可列举例如:金、银、铜、铂、钯、铝、镍、铬、钛、铁、钴、锡、镁、钨等金属及这些金属的合金等。另外,作为上述透明导电层的构成材料,可列举铟、锡、锌、钾、锑、锆、镉的金属氧化物,具体而言,可列举氧化铟、氧化锡、氧化钛、氧化镉及由它们的混合物等构成的金属氧化物。此外,使用由碘化铜等构成的其它金属化合物等。根据需要,也可以在上述金属氧化物中进一步含有上组所示的金属原子的氧化物。例如,优选使用含有氧化锡的氧化铟(ITO)、含有锑的氧化锡等,特别优选使用ITO。作为ITO,优选含有氧化铟80~99重量%及氧化锡1~20重量%。
对于液晶单元C中形成触摸传感器层5的位置没有限制,可根据内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板的形态形成触摸传感器层5。例如,在图1至图3中,示例出触摸传感器层5配置于第一偏振膜11与液晶层3之间的情况。触摸传感器层5例如可以在第一透明基板41上以透明电极图案的形式形成。对于驱动电极兼传感器部6、驱动电极7而言,也可以根据内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板的形态按照常规方法形成透明电极图案。上述透明电极图案通常与形成于透明基板的端部的引绕线(未图示)电连接,上述引绕线与控制器IC(未图示)连接。透明电极图案的形状除梳形以外,可以根据用途采用条纹形状、菱形形状等任意形状。透明电极图案的高度例如为10nm~100nm,宽度为0.1mm~5mm。
另外,内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板能够适宜地用于照明***中使用了背光或反射板的构件等用来形成液晶显示装置的构件。
以下,对形成第一粘合剂层21的粘合剂组合物进行说明。上述粘合剂组合物含有(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)及离子性化合物(B),上述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)含有(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(a1)及含酰胺基单体(a2)。需要说明的是,(甲基)丙烯酸酯是指丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯,与本发明的(甲基)的意义相同。
(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)含有作为单体单元的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(a1)作为主成分。作为构成(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物的主骨架的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯,可示例出直链状或支链状的烷基碳原子数为1~18的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯。例如,作为上述烷基,可列举甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、戊基、己基、环己基、庚基、2-乙基己基、异辛基、壬基、癸基、异癸基、十二烷基、异十四烷基、月桂基、十三烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基等。它们可以单独使用或组合使用。这些烷基的平均碳原子数优选为3~9。
以单体单元计,在构成(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)的全部构成单体(100重量%)的重量比率中,(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(a1)的重量比率优选为70重量%以上。(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(a1)的重量比率可以考虑设为含酰胺基单体(a2)及其它共聚单体的剩余部分。将(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(a1)的重量比率设定为上述范围在确保粘接性方面优选。
含酰胺基单体(a2)是在其结构中含有酰胺基、且含有(甲基)丙烯酰基、乙烯基等聚合性不饱和双键的化合物。作为含酰胺基单体(a2)的具体例,可列举(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N,N-二乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、N-甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-丁基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-己基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基-N-丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、氨基甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、氨基乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、巯基甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、巯基乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺等丙烯酰胺类单体;N-(甲基)丙烯酰基吗啉、N-(甲基)丙烯酰基哌啶、N-(甲基)丙烯酰基吡咯烷等N-丙烯酰基杂环单体;N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基-ε-己内酰胺等含N-乙烯基内酰胺类单体等。含酰胺基单体(a2)在抑制经时的(特别是在加湿环境下的)表面电阻值的上升、满足耐久性方面优选。特别地,在含酰胺基单体(a2)中,特别是含N-乙烯基内酰胺类单体在经时情况下(特别是加湿环境下)抑制表面电阻值的上升、满足对透明导电层(触摸传感器层)的耐久性方面优选。需要说明的是,虽然上述中未示例出,但具有羟基的含酰胺基单体在与离子性化合物(B)的组合时,存在导电性提高的倾向,另外,具有羟基的含酰胺基单体的使用比例增多时,与偏振膜(光学膜)的锚固力、与透明导电层(触摸传感器层)的再操作(再剥离,rework)性存在问题,因此优选不使用。
从抑制经时的(特别是加湿环境下)表面电阻值上升的观点出发,含酰胺基单体(a2)的上述重量比率优选为0.1重量%以上。上述重量比率优选为0.3重量%以上,进一步优选为0.5重量%以上。另一方面,上述重量比率变得过大时,存在对偏振膜等基材膜的锚固性降低的倾向,因此,上述重量比率优选为35重量%以下,更优选为30重量%以下,进一步优选为25重量%以下。
在上述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)中,除上述单体单元以外,出于改善粘接性、耐热性的目的,可以通过共聚导入具有(甲基)丙烯酰基或乙烯基等具有不饱和双键的聚合性官能团的1种以上共聚单体。
作为上述共聚单体,可使用例如含有芳香环的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。含有芳香环的(甲基)丙烯酸酯是在其结构中含有芳香环结构、且含有(甲基)丙烯酰基的化合物。作为芳香环,可列举苯环、萘环、或联苯环,
作为含有芳香环的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的具体例,可列举例如:(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯酯、邻苯基苯酚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧基丙酯、苯氧基二乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、环氧乙烷改性壬基苯酚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、环氧乙烷改性甲酚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、苯酚环氧乙烷改性(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基-3-苯氧基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲氧基苄酯、(甲基)丙烯酸氯苄基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲苯酯、聚苯乙烯(甲基)丙烯酸酯等具有苯环的(甲基)丙烯酸酯;羟乙基化β-萘酚丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-萘乙酯、丙烯酸2-萘氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-(4-甲氧基-1-萘氧基)乙酯等具有萘环的(甲基)丙烯酸酯;(甲基)丙烯酸联苯酯等具有联苯环的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
作为上述含有芳香环的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,从粘合特性、耐久性方面考虑,优选(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯,特别优选(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯。
含有芳香环的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的上述重量比率优选为25重量%以下,更优选为3~25重量%,进一步优选为8~22重量%,更进一步优选为12~18重量%。含有芳香环的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的重量比率为3重量%以上时,在抑制显示不均方面优选。另一方面,大于25重量%时,显示不均的抑制反而不充分,存在耐久性降低的倾向。
另外,作为上述共聚单体,可列举含羧基单体、含羟基单体。
含羧基单体是在其结构中含有羰基、且含有(甲基)丙烯酰基、乙烯基等聚合性不饱和双键的化合物。作为含羧基单体的具体例,可列举例如:(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸羧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羧基戊酯、衣康酸、马来酸、富马酸、丁烯酸等。上述含羧基单体中,从共聚性、价格及粘合特性的观点考虑,优选丙烯酸。
含羟基单体是在其结构中含有羟基、且包含(甲基)丙烯酰基、乙烯基等聚合性不饱和双键的化合物。作为含羟基单体的具体例,可列举例如:(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羟基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸6-羟基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸8-羟基辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸10-羟基癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸12-羟基月桂酯等(甲基)丙烯酸羟基烷基酯、丙烯酸(4-羟甲基环己基)甲酯等。上述含羟基单体中,从耐久性方面考虑,优选(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯,特别优选(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯。
在粘合剂组合物含有交联剂的情况下,含羧基单体、含羟基单体成为与交联剂的反应点。由于含羧基单体、含羟基单体与分子间交联剂的反应性高,因此,在为了提高得到的粘合剂层的凝聚性、耐热性时优选使用。另外,含羧基单体在兼具耐久性与再操作性方面优选,含羟基单体在再操作性方面优选。
含羧基单体的上述重量比率优选为2重量%以下,更优选为0.01~2重量%,进一步优选为0.05~1.5重量%,更进一步优选为0.1~1重量%,最优选为0.1~0.5重量%。将含羧基单体的重量比率设为0.01重量%以上在耐久性方面优选。另一方面,大于2重量%时,从再操作性方面考虑不优选。
含羟基单体的上述重量比率优选为3重量%以下,更优选为0.01~3重量%,进一步优选为0.1~2重量%,进一步更优选为0.2~2重量%。从使粘合剂层交联的观点、耐久性、粘合特性方面考虑,优选将含羟基单体的重量比率设为0.01重量%以上。另一方面,大于3重量%时,从耐久性方面考虑不优选。
作为除上述以外的其它共聚单体的具体例,可列举:马来酸酐、衣康酸酐等含酸酐基单体;丙烯酸的己内酯加成物;烯丙基磺酸、2-(甲基)丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、(甲基)丙烯酰胺丙磺酸、(甲基)丙烯酸磺基丙酯等含磺酸基单体;2-羟乙基丙烯酰基磷酸酯等含磷酸基单体等。
另外,作为改性目的的单体的实例,可列举:(甲基)丙烯酸氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁基氨基乙酯等(甲基)丙烯酸烷基氨基烷基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙氧基乙酯等(甲基)丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯;N-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基亚甲基琥珀酰亚胺、N-(甲基)丙烯酰基-6-氧基六亚甲基琥珀酰亚胺、N-(甲基)丙烯酰基-8-氧基八亚甲基琥珀酰亚胺等琥珀酰亚胺类单体;N-环己基马来酰亚胺、N-异丙基马来酰亚胺、N-月桂基马来酰亚胺、N-苯基马来酰亚胺等马来酰亚胺类单体;N-甲基衣康酰亚胺、N-乙基衣康酰亚胺、N-丁基衣康酰亚胺、N-辛基衣康酰亚胺、N-2-乙基己基衣康酰亚胺、N-环己基衣康酰亚胺、N-月桂基衣康酰亚胺等衣康酰亚胺类单体等。
此外,作为改性单体,也可以使用乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯等乙烯基类单体;丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈等氰基丙烯酸酯类单体;(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯等含有环氧基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯;聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甲氧基乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甲氧基聚丙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯等二醇类(甲基)丙烯酸酯;(甲基)丙烯酸四氢糠酯、含氟(甲基)丙烯酸酯、有机硅(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯等丙烯酸酯类单体等。此外,可列举异戊二烯、丁二烯、异丁烯、乙烯基醚等。
此外,作为除上述以外的能够共聚的单体,可列举含有硅原子的硅烷类单体等。作为硅烷类单体,可列举例如:3-丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、4-乙烯基丁基三甲氧基硅烷、4-乙烯基丁基三乙氧基硅烷、8-乙烯基辛基三甲氧基硅烷、8-乙烯基辛基三乙氧基硅烷、10-甲基丙烯酰氧基癸基三甲氧基硅烷、10-丙烯酰氧基癸基三甲氧基硅烷、10-甲基丙烯酰氧基癸基三乙氧基硅烷、10-丙烯酰氧基癸基三乙氧基硅烷等。
另外,作为共聚单体,可使用:三丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、双酚A二缩水甘油醚二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、己内酯改性二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯等(甲基)丙烯酸与多元醇的酯化物等具有2个以上(甲基)丙烯酰基、乙烯基等不饱和双键的多官能单体、在聚酯、环氧、氨基甲酸酯等骨架中加成了2个以上(甲基)丙烯酰基、乙烯基等不饱和双键作为与单体成分同样的官能团而成的聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯、环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯、氨基甲酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)中的上述其它共聚单体的比例在上述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)的全部构成单体(100重量%)的重量比率中优选为0~10%左右,更优选为0~7%左右,进一步优选为0~5%左右。
本发明的(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)的重均分子量通常优选为100万~250万。如果考虑耐久性、特别是耐热性,则重均分子量优选为120万~200万。重均分子量为100万以上时,在耐热性方面优选。另外,重均分子量大于250万时,存在粘合剂容易***的倾向,容易发生剥离。另外,表示分子量分布的重均分子量(Mw)/数平均分子量(Mn)优选为1.8以上且10以下,更优选为1.8~7,进一步优选为1.8~5。分子量分布(Mw/Mn)大于10时,在耐久性方面不优选。需要说明的是,重均分子量、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)由通过GPC(凝胶渗透色谱法)测定、并通过聚苯乙烯换算而算出的值求出。
这样的(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)的制造可以适当选择溶液聚合、本体聚合、乳液聚合、各种自由基聚合等公知的制造方法。另外,得到的(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)可以为无规共聚物、嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物等任意的共聚物。
需要说明的是,在溶液聚合中,作为聚合溶剂,例如可使用乙酸乙酯、甲苯等。作为具体的溶液聚合例,反应在氮气等非活性气体气流下加入聚合引发剂,通常在50~70℃左右、5~30小时左右的反应条件下进行。
对自由基聚合中使用的聚合引发剂、链转移剂、乳化剂等没有特殊限定,可以适当选择使用。需要说明的是,(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)的重均分子量可通过聚合引发剂的使用量、链转移剂的使用量、反应条件等而控制,根据它们的种类而适宜调整它们的使用量等。
本发明的粘合剂组合物含有离子性化合物(B)。作为离子性化合物(B),可以优选使用碱金属盐和/或有机阳离子-阴离子盐。碱金属盐可以使用碱金属的有机盐及无机盐。需要说明的是,本发明中所说的“有机阳离子-阴离子盐”是指其阳离子部由有机物构成的有机盐,阴离子部可以是有机物,也可以是无机物。“有机阳离子-阴离子盐”也称为离子性液体、离子性固体。
<碱金属盐>
作为构成碱金属盐的阳离子部的碱金属离子,可列举锂、钠、钾等各离子。这些碱金属离子中,优选锂离子。
碱金属盐的阴离子部可以由有机物构成,也可以由无机物构成。作为构成有机盐的阴离子部,可列举例如:CH3COO-、CF3COO-、CH3SO3 -、CF3SO3 -、(CF3SO2)3C-、C4F9SO3 -、C3F7COO-、(CF3SO2)(CF3CO)N-、-O3S(CF2)3SO3 -、PF6 -、CO3 2-、下述通式(1)至(4)所示的阴离子等。
(1):(CnF2n+1SO2)2N-(其中,n为1~10的整数)、
(2):CF2(CmF2mSO2)2N-(其中,m为1~10的整数)、
(3):-O3S(CF2)lSO3 -(其中,l为1~10的整数)、
(4):(CpF2p+1SO2)N-(CqF2q+1SO2)(其中,p、q为1~10的整数)。
特别是,由于含有氟原子的阴离子部能够得到电离性良好的离子化合物,因此优选使用。作为构成无机盐的阴离子部,可使用Cl-、Br-、I-、AlCl4 -、Al2Cl7 -、BF4 -、PF6 -、ClO4 -、NO3 -、AsF6 -、SbF6 -、NbF6 -、TaF6 -、(CN)2N-等。作为阴离子部,优选(CF3SO2)2N-、(C2F5SO2)2N-等上述通式(1)所示的(全氟烷基磺酰基)酰亚胺,特别优选(CF3SO2)2N-所示的三氟甲磺酰基酰亚胺。
作为碱金属的有机盐,具体可列举:乙酸钠、藻酸钠、木质素磺酸钠、甲苯磺酸钠、LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(C2F5SO2)2N、Li(C4F9SO2)2N、Li(CF3SO2)3C、KO3S(CF2)3SO3K、LiO3S(CF2)3SO3K等,这些当中,优选LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(C2F5SO2)2N、Li(C4F9SO2)2N、Li(CF3SO2)3C等,更优选Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(C2F5SO2)2N、Li(C4F9SO2)2N等双(氟磺酰基)酰亚胺锂盐形式的含氟酰亚胺锂盐,特别优选(全氟烷基磺酰基)酰亚胺锂盐。此外,可列举4,4,5,5-四氟-1,3,2-二噻唑烷-1,1,3,3-四氧化锂盐等。
另外,作为碱金属的无机盐,可列举高氯酸锂、碘化锂。
<有机阳离子-阴离子盐>
本发明中使用的有机阳离子-阴离子盐由阳离子成分和阴离子成分构成,上述阳离子成分由有机物构成。作为阳离子成分,具体可列举:吡啶阳离子、哌啶阳离子、吡咯烷阳离子、具有吡咯啉骨架的阳离子、具有吡咯骨架的阳离子、咪唑阳离子、四氢嘧啶阳离子、二氢嘧啶阳离子、吡唑阳离子、吡唑啉阳离子、四烷基铵阳离子、三烷基锍阳离子、四烷基阳离子等。
作为阴离子成分,可列举例如:Cl-、Br-、I-、AlCl4 -、Al2Cl7 -、BF4 -、PF6 -、ClO4 -、NO3 -、CH3COO-、CF3COO-、CH3SO3 -、CF3SO3 -、(CF3SO2)3C-、AsF6 -、SbF6 -、NbF6 -、TaF6 -、(CN)2N-、C4F9SO3 -、C3F7COO-、(CF3SO2)(CF3CO)N-、-O3S(CF2)3SO3 -、下述通式(1)至(4)所示的阴离子等。
(1):(CnF2n+1SO2)2N-(其中,n为1~10的整数)、
(2):CF2(CmF2mSO2)2N-(其中,m为1~10的整数)、
(3):-O3S(CF2)lSO3 -(其中,l为1~10的整数)、
(4):(CpF2p+1SO2)N-(CqF2q+1SO2)、(其中,p、q为1~10的整数)。
其中,特别是,由于含有氟原子的阴离子成分能够得到电离性良好的离子化合物,因此优选使用。
有机阳离子-阴离子盐适宜选择使用由上述阳离子成分与阴离子成分的组合构成的化合物。作为有机阳离子-阴离子盐的优选具体例,可列举例如:甲基三辛基铵双(三氟甲磺酰基)酰亚胺、1-甲基-1-丙基吡咯烷双(三氟甲磺酰基)酰亚胺、乙基甲基咪唑双(氟磺酰基酰亚胺)。其中,更优选1-甲基-1-丙基吡咯烷双(三氟甲磺酰基)酰亚胺、乙基甲基咪唑双(氟磺酰基酰亚胺)。
另外,作为离子性化合物(B),除上述的碱金属盐、有机阳离子-阴离子盐以外,可列举氯化铵、氯化铝、氯化铜、氯化亚铁、氯化铁、硫酸铵等无机盐。
为了得到期望的电阻值,上述离子性化合物(B)可以单独使用或组合多种使用。特别是以将粘合剂层的表面电阻值控制为1×1010~1×1012Ω/□的范围为目的时,作为上述离子性化合物(B),从提高抗静电性能方面考虑,优选碱金属盐,通过使用碱金属盐,即使其配合份数较少,也能够得到抗静电性能高的粘合剂。另一方面,以将粘合剂层的表面电阻值控制为1×108~1×1010Ω/□的范围为目的时,作为上述离子性化合物(B),从提高抗静电性能方面考虑,优选有机阳离子-阴离子盐,通过使用有机阳离子-阴离子盐,即使其配合份数较少,也能够得到抗静电性能高的粘合剂。
可以适宜调整本发明的粘合剂组合物中的离子性化合物(B)的比例,使得满足粘合剂层的抗静电特性和触摸面板的灵敏度。例如,优选考虑导入至(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)中的含酰胺基单体(a2)的重量比率、偏振膜的透明保护膜的种类等,并且根据内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板的种类来调整离子性化合物(B)的比例,使得粘合剂层的表面电阻值为1.0×108~1.0×1012Ω/□的范围。例如,在图1所示的内嵌型内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板中,优选将第一粘合剂层的表面电阻值控制为1×108~1×1010Ω/□的范围。另外,在图2所示的半内嵌型、或图3所示的外嵌型内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板中,优选将第一粘合剂层的表面电阻值控制为1×1010~1×1012Ω/□的范围。
另外,控制上述第一粘合剂层使其满足表面电阻值的变动比(b/a)≤5。制作在上述第一偏振膜上设置有上述第一粘合剂层、且在该第一粘合剂层上设置有隔膜的状态的带粘合剂层的第一偏振膜,上述a表示制作带粘合剂层的第一偏振膜后立即将上述隔膜剥离时的第一粘合剂层的表面电阻值,上述b表示将上述带粘合剂层的第一偏振膜投入60℃/95%RH的加湿环境下250小时,进一步在40℃干燥1小时后,将上述隔膜剥离时的第一粘合剂层的表面电阻值。上述变动比(b/a)大于5时,在加湿环境下的粘合剂层的抗静电功能降低。上述变动比(b/a)优选为5以下,更优选为3.5以下,进一步优选为2.5以下,更进一步优选为2以下,最优选为1.5以下。
相对于(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)100重量份,上述离子性化合物(B)的比例优选使用例如0.01重量份以上。通过使用0.01重量份以上的上述离子性化合物(B),在抗静电性能的提高方面优选。从该观点考虑,上述离子性化合物(B)优选为0.1重量份以上,更优选为0.5重量份以上。另一方面,上述离子性化合物(B)增多时,表面电阻值变得过低,由于基线变动(由表面电阻值过低而发生的触摸时的误动作),存在触摸面板的灵敏度降低的隐患。另外,上述离子性化合物(B)增多时,存在离子性化合物(B)析出的可能性,进而变得容易发生加湿剥离。从该观点考虑,上述离子性化合物(B)通常优选为40重量份以下,更优选为30重量份以下,进一步优选为20重量份以下,最优选为10重量份以下。
本发明的粘合剂组合物可以含有交联剂(C)。作为交联剂(C),可以使用有机类交联剂、多官能金属螯合物。作为有机类交联剂,可列举异氰酸酯类交联剂、过氧化物类交联剂、环氧类交联剂、亚胺类交联剂等。多官能金属螯合物是多价金属与有机化合物共价键合或配位键合而成的螯合物。作为多价金属原子,可列举Al、Cr、Zr、Co、Cu、Fe、Ni、V、Zn、In、Ca、Mg、Mn、Y、Ce、Sr、Ba、Mo、La、Sn、Ti等。作为共价键合或配位键合的有机化合物中的原子,可列举氧原子等,作为有机化合物,可列举烷基酯、醇化合物、羧酸化合物、醚化合物、酮化合物等。
作为交联剂(C),优选异氰酸酯类交联剂和/或过氧化物类交联剂。
作为异氰酸酯类交联剂(C),可以使用至少具有2个异氰酸酯基的化合物。例如,通常使用在氨基甲酸酯化反应中使用的公知的脂肪族多异氰酸酯、脂环族多异氰酸酯、芳香族多异氰酸酯等。
作为过氧化物,只要是通过加热或光照产生自由基活性种并使粘合剂组合物的基础聚合物进行交联的过氧化物,就可以适宜使用,但考虑到操作性、稳定性,优选使用1分钟半衰期温度为80℃~160℃的过氧化物,更优选使用1分钟半衰期温度为90℃~140℃的过氧化物。
作为能够使用的过氧化物,可列举例如:过氧化二碳酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(1分钟半衰期温度:90.6℃)、过氧化二碳酸二(4-叔丁基环己基)酯(1分钟半衰期温度:92.1℃)、过氧化二碳酸二仲丁酯(1分钟半衰期温度:92.4℃)、过氧化新癸酸叔丁酯(1分钟半衰期温度:103.5℃)、过氧化特戊酸叔己酯(1分钟半衰期温度:109.1℃)、过氧化特戊酸叔丁酯(1分钟半衰期温度:110.3℃)、过氧化二月桂酰(1分钟半衰期温度:116.4℃)、过氧化二正辛酰(1分钟半衰期温度:117.4℃)、过氧化-2-乙基己酸1,1,3,3-四甲基丁酯(1分钟半衰期温度:124.3℃)、过氧化二(4-甲基苯甲酰)(1分钟半衰期温度:128.2℃)、过氧化二苯甲酰(1分钟半衰期温度:130.0℃)、过氧化异丁酸叔丁酯(1分钟半衰期温度:136.1℃)、1,1-二(过氧化叔己基)环己烷(1分钟半衰期温度:149.2℃)等。其中,从交联反应效率特别优异方面考虑,优选使用过氧化二碳酸二(4-叔丁基环己基)酯(1分钟半衰期温度:92.1℃)、过氧化二月桂酰(1分钟半衰期温度:116.4℃)、过氧化二苯甲酰(1分钟半衰期温度:130.0℃)等。
相对于(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)100重量份,交联剂(C)的使用量优选为3重量份以下,更优选为0.01~3重量份,进一步优选为0.02~2重量份,更进一步优选为0.03~1重量份。需要说明的是,交联剂(C)小于0.01重量份时,存在粘合剂层的交联不充分、不能满足耐久性、粘合特性的隐患,另一方面,多于3重量份时,存在粘合剂层变得过硬、耐久性下降的倾向。
本发明的粘合剂组合物可以含有硅烷偶联剂(D)。通过使用硅烷偶联剂(D),能够提高耐久性。作为硅烷偶联剂,具体可列举例如:3-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、2-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷等含环氧基硅烷偶联剂、3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-2-(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基-N-(1,3-二甲基亚丁基)丙胺、N-苯基-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷等含氨基硅烷偶联剂、3-丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷等含(甲基)丙烯酸基硅烷偶联剂、3-异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷等含异氰酸酯基硅烷偶联剂等。作为上述示例出的硅烷偶联,优选含环氧基硅烷偶联剂。
另外,作为硅烷偶联剂(D),也可以使用在分子内具有多个烷氧基甲硅烷基的硅烷偶联剂。具体可列举例如:信越化学株式会社制造的X-41-1053、X-41-1059A、X-41-1056、X-41-1805、X-41-1818、X-41-1810、X-40-2651等。这些分子内具有多个烷氧基甲硅烷基的硅烷偶联剂不易挥发,由于具有多个烷氧基甲硅烷基而对提高耐久性有效,因此优选。特别是,带粘合剂层的光学膜的被粘附物为与玻璃相比烷氧基甲硅烷基更不易反应的透明导电层(例如ITO等)的情况下,耐久性也适宜。另外,在分子内具有多个烷氧基甲硅烷基的硅烷偶联剂优选在分子内具有环氧基者,更优选在分子内具有多个环氧基者。分子内具有多个烷氧基甲硅烷基、且具有环氧基的硅烷偶联剂即使在被粘附物为透明导电层(例如ITO等)的情况下,也存在耐久性良好的倾向。作为分子内具有多个烷氧基甲硅烷基、且具有环氧基的硅烷偶联剂的具体例,可列举信越化学株式会社制造的X-41-1053、X-41-1059A、X-41-1056,特别优选环氧基含量多的信越化学株式会社制造的X-41-1056。
上述硅烷偶联剂(D)可以单独使用,另外也可以混合2种以上使用,相对于上述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)100重量份,其总含量优选为5重量份以下,更优选为0.001~5重量份,进一步优选为0.01~1重量份,更进一步优选为0.02~1重量份,再进一步优选为0.05~0.6重量份,是提高耐久性的量。
也可以在本发明的粘合剂组合物中配合具有反应性甲硅烷基的聚醚化合物(E)。聚醚化合物(E)在能够提高再操作性方面优选。聚醚化合物(E)可以使用例如日本特开2010-275522号公报中公开的聚醚化合物。
相对于(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)100重量份,本发明的粘合剂组合物中的聚醚化合物(E)的比例优选为10重量份以下,优选为0.001~10重量份。上述聚醚化合物(E)小于0.001重量份时,存在再操作性的提高效果不充分的情况。上述聚醚化合物(E)优选为0.01重量份以上,更优选为0.1重量份以上。另一方面,上述聚醚化合物(E)多于10重量份时,在耐久性方面不优选。上述聚醚化合物(E)优选为5重量份以下,更优选为2重量份以下。上述聚醚化合物(E)的比例可以采用上述上限值或下限值而设定优选的范围。
此外,还可以在本发明的粘合剂组合物中含有其它公知的添加剂,例如可以根据使用用途适宜添加聚丙二醇等聚亚烷基二醇这样的聚醚化合物、着色剂、颜料等粉体、染料、表面活性剂、增塑剂、增粘剂、表面润滑剂、流平剂、软化剂、抗氧剂、抗老化剂、光稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂、阻聚剂、无机或有机填充剂、金属粉、粒状、箔状物等。另外,还可以在能够控制的范围内采用添加还原剂的氧化还原类。相对于(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)100重量份,这些添加剂优选在5重量份以下、更优选在3重量份以下、进一步优选在1重量份以下的范围内使用。
本发明的第一粘合剂层21能够作为贴合于光学膜(偏振膜)的带粘合剂层的光学膜使用。带粘合剂层的光学膜能够通过在光学膜的至少单面通过上述粘合剂组合物形成粘合剂层而得到。
作为形成粘合剂层的方法,可以通过以下方法制作,例如,将上述粘合剂组合物涂布于经剥离处理的隔膜等上,在干燥除去聚合溶剂等而形成粘合剂层后,转印至光学膜(偏振膜)上的方法;或者在光学膜(偏振膜)上涂布上述粘合剂组合物,干燥除去聚合溶剂等而在光学膜上形成粘合剂层的方法等。需要说明的是,涂布粘合剂时,也可以新加入聚合溶剂以外的一种以上溶剂。
对第一粘合剂层21的厚度没有特殊限制,例如为1~100μm左右。优选为2~50μm,更优选为2~40μm,进一步优选为5~35μm。
实施例
以下,通过实施例对本发明进行具体说明,但本发明不受这些实施例限定。需要说明的是,各例中的份及%均为重量基准。以下,没有特别规定的室温放置条件均为23℃、65%RH。
<(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)的重均分子量的测定>
(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)的重均分子量(Mw)通过GPC(凝胶渗透色谱法)测定。关于Mw/Mn,也同样地进行了测定。
·分析装置:东曹株式会社制造、HLC-8120GPC
·柱:东曹株式会社制造、G7000HXL+GMHXL+GMHXL
·柱尺寸:各7.8mmφ×30cm共计90cm
·柱温:40℃
·流量:0.8mL/min
·注入量:100μL
·洗脱液:四氢呋喃
·检测器:差示折射计(RI)
·标准试样:聚苯乙烯
<偏振膜P1的制作>
将厚度80μm的聚乙烯醇膜在30℃、0.3%浓度的碘溶液中在速度比不同的辊间一边染色1分钟一边拉伸至3倍。然后,在包含4%浓度的硼酸、10%浓度的碘化钾的60℃水溶液中一边浸渍0.5分钟一边拉伸至总拉伸倍率为6倍。接下来,通过在含有1.5%浓度的碘化钾的30℃水溶液中浸渍10秒钟而进行了清洗,然后在50℃下进行4分钟的干燥,得到了厚度30μm的起偏镜。在该起偏镜的两面通过聚乙烯醇类粘接剂贴合实施了电晕处理的厚度20μm的具有内酰胺环结构的(甲基)丙烯酸树脂膜作为透明保护膜,制作了偏振膜P1。
<偏振膜P2的制作>
在上述偏振膜P1的制作中,使用经皂化处理的厚度80μm的三乙酰纤维素膜作为透明保护膜,除此以外,通过同样的方法得到了偏振膜P2。
实施例1
(丙烯酸类聚合物(A)的制备)
在具备搅拌叶片、温度计、氮气导入管、冷凝器的4颈烧瓶中加入含有丙烯酸丁酯75.8份、丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯23份、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮(NVP)0.5份、丙烯酸0.3份、丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯0.4份的单体混合物。进一步地,相对于上述单体混合物(固体成分)100份,与乙酸乙酯100份一起添加作为聚合引发剂的2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈0.1份,一边缓慢搅拌一边导入氮气进行氮气置换后,使烧瓶内的液温保持于55℃左右,进行8小时的聚合反应,制备了重均分子量(Mw)160万、Mw/Mn=3.7的丙烯酸类聚合物(A)的溶液。
(粘合剂组合物的制备)
相对于制造例1中得到的丙烯酸类聚合物(A1)的溶液的固体成分100份,配合作为离子性化合物的三菱材料株式会社制造的双(三氟甲磺酰基)酰亚胺锂(Li-TFSI)0.1份、异氰酸酯交联剂(三井化学株式会社制造的Takenate D160N,三羟甲基丙烷六亚甲基二异氰酸酯)0.1份、过氧化苯甲酰(日本油脂株式会社制造的Nyper BMT)0.3份及含环氧基硅烷偶联剂(信越化学工业株式会社制造:X-41-1056)0.3份,制备了丙烯酸类粘合剂组合物的溶液。
(带粘合剂层的偏振膜的制作)
接下来,将上述丙烯酸类粘合剂组合物的溶液涂布至经有机硅类剥离剂处理的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(隔膜:三菱化学聚酯膜株式会社制造,MRF38)的单面,使得干燥后的粘合剂层的厚度为20μm,在155℃下进行1分钟的干燥,在隔膜的表面形成了粘合剂层。接下来,在上述制作的偏振膜P1上转印形成于隔膜上的粘合剂层,制作了带粘合剂层的偏振膜。
实施例2~14、比较例1~6
在实施例1中,如表1所示那样改变丙烯酸类聚合物(A)的制备所使用的N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮(NVP)的单体混合物中的使用量、粘合剂组合物的制备所使用的离子性化合物的种类(Li-TFSI或MPP-TFSI)或其配合比例、偏振膜的种类,除此以外,与实施例1同样地进行操作,制备了丙烯酸类聚合物的溶液、丙烯酸类粘合剂组合物的溶液。另外,使用该丙烯酸类粘合剂组合物的溶液,与实施例1同样地进行操作,制作了带粘合剂层的偏振膜。
对上述实施例及比较例中得到的带粘合剂层的偏振膜进行了以下的评价。将评价结果示于表1。需要说明的是,在各评价中,“初始”是制作了带粘合剂层的偏振膜后立即测定的值,“加湿后”是将得到的带粘合剂层的偏振膜投入60℃/95%RH的加湿环境下250小时,进一步在40℃下干燥1小时后测定的值。
<表面电阻值(Ω/□):导电性>
将隔膜从带粘合剂层的偏振膜上剥离后,测定了粘合剂层表面的表面电阻值。测定使用Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co.,Ltd.制造的MCP-HT450进行。
需要说明的是,表1的变动比(b/a)是根据“初始”的表面电阻值(a)和“加湿后”的表面电阻值(b)算出的值(小数点后第二位的四舍五入值)。
另外,作为“误动作”产生的隐患少的指标,按照下述基准评价了优选变动比小的值。
◎:变动比为2以下。
○:变动比大于2且小于5。
×:变动比为5以上。
<ESD试验>
将隔膜从带粘合剂层的偏振膜上剥离后,如表1所示地贴合于外嵌型液晶单元或内嵌型液晶单元的可视侧,制作了内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板。即,实施例1~3、6~10、14、比较例1~6中得到的带粘合剂层的偏振膜贴合于图3所示的外嵌型液晶单元的传感器层(触摸传感器部),形成了第一粘合剂层及第一偏振膜。实施例4、5、11~13中得到的带粘合剂层的偏振膜贴合于图1所示的内嵌型液晶单元的第一透明基板,形成了第一粘合剂层及第一偏振膜。对上述液晶面板中的偏振膜面发射ESD(静电放电)枪(10kV),测定直至因电导致的白斑部分消失为止的时间,按照下述基准进行了判断。
(评价基准)
◎:3秒钟以内。
○:大于3秒钟且为10秒钟以内。
×:大于10秒钟。
如表1所示,根据实施例和比较例的记载可知,通过在丙烯酸类聚合物中配合离子性化合物,即使在将粘合剂层的初始表面电阻值设定为较低水平的情况下,在实施例中,由于丙烯酸类聚合物具有含酰胺基单体作为单体单元,因此,粘合剂层加湿后的表面电阻值的变动比为5以下,表面电阻值的上升得以抑制。即,在实施例中,由于粘合剂层的表面电阻值的变动比小,因此即使在加湿后,也能够将表面电阻值保持为期望的范围内,能够良好地保持触摸面板灵敏度,此外,ESD试验良好,能够抑制静电不均。
Claims (8)
1.一种带粘合剂层的偏振膜,其具有粘合剂层,
所述粘合剂层由含有(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)及离子性化合物(B)的粘合剂组合物形成,所述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)含有(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(a1)及含酰胺基单体(a2)作为单体单元,并且,
所述离子性化合物(B)为碱金属盐,
所述粘合剂层的表面电阻值为1.0×1010Ω/□以上且1.0×1012Ω/□以下,
所述粘合剂层满足:表面电阻值的变动比(b/a)≤5,
式中,制作在所述偏振膜上设置有所述粘合剂层、且在该粘合剂层上设置有隔膜的状态的带粘合剂层的偏振膜,所述a表示制作带粘合剂层的偏振膜后立即将所述隔膜剥离时的粘合剂层的表面电阻值,所述b表示将所述带粘合剂层的偏振膜投入60℃/95%RH的加湿环境下250小时,进一步在40℃干燥1小时后,将所述隔膜剥离时的粘合剂层的表面电阻值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带粘合剂层的偏振膜,其中,在所述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)中含有0.1重量%以上的所述含酰胺基单体(a2)作为单体单元。
3.根据权利要求1所述的带粘合剂层的偏振膜,其中,相对于所述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)100重量份,含有0.01重量份以上的所述离子性化合物(B)。
4.一种内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板用带粘合剂层的偏振膜,其是内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板所使用的带粘合剂层的偏振膜,所述内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板包括具有液晶层及触摸传感器部的内置触摸传感功能的液晶单元,
所述带粘合剂层的偏振膜配置于所述液晶单元的可视侧,
所述带粘合剂层的偏振膜的粘合剂层配置于所述带粘合剂层的偏振膜的偏振膜与所述液晶单元之间,
所述粘合剂层由含有(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)及离子性化合物(B)的粘合剂组合物形成,所述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)含有(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(a1)及含酰胺基单体(a2)作为单体单元,并且,
所述离子性化合物(B)为碱金属盐,
所述粘合剂层的表面电阻值为1.0×1010Ω/□以上且1.0×1012Ω/□以下,
所述粘合剂层满足:表面电阻值的变动比(b/a)≤5,
式中,制作在所述偏振膜上设置有所述粘合剂层、且在该粘合剂层上设置有隔膜的状态的带粘合剂层的偏振膜,所述a表示制作带粘合剂层的偏振膜后立即将所述隔膜剥离时的粘合剂层的表面电阻值,所述b表示将所述带粘合剂层的偏振膜投入60℃/95%RH的加湿环境下250小时,进一步在40℃干燥1小时后,将所述隔膜剥离时的粘合剂层的表面电阻值。
5.根据权利要求4所述的内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板用带粘合剂层的偏振膜,其中,在所述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)中含有0.1重量%以上的所述含酰胺基单体(a2)作为单体单元。
6.根据权利要求4所述的内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板用带粘合剂层的偏振膜,其中,相对于所述(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物(A)100重量份,含有0.01重量份以上的所述离子性化合物(B)。
7.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的带粘合剂层的偏振膜,其中,在所述带粘合剂层的偏振膜的粘合剂层上设置有隔膜。
8.根据权利要求4~6中任一项所述的内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板用带粘合剂层的偏振膜,其中,在所述内置触摸传感功能的液晶面板用带粘合剂层的偏振膜的偏振膜的粘合剂层上设置有隔膜。
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