CN114607463A - Drainage system and method for karst or fault tunnel unbalanced water-rich area - Google Patents
Drainage system and method for karst or fault tunnel unbalanced water-rich area Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005574 cross-species transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a drainage system and a drainage method for an unbalanced water-rich area of a karst or fault tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a drainage system and a drainage method for a karst or fault tunnel unbalanced water-rich area.
Background
During the tunnel operation, the drainage is not smooth leads to tunnel bed ponding easily, the lining bears extra water pressure, not only can influence tunnel structure's stability, still cause the influence to driving safety in the tunnel easily, tunnel country rock groundwater is discharged at present, mainly lean on escape canal or central ditch drainage, if tunnel body ground is uneven rich in water structure district such as karst district or fault zone, catchment water yield is uneven in the escape canal of tunnel both sides, the too big water yield that leads to the water to spill over the escape canal of unilateral escape canal, the water that spills over the escape canal collects on tunnel road bed, in addition, it is many to lay the inclined shaft quantity in tunnel side, the inclined shaft water yield is big, the uneven problem of the escape canal water yield of tunnel both sides can produce equally.
Therefore, a drainage system and a drainage method for an unbalanced water-rich area of a karst or fault tunnel are needed to be provided, so that the problems that water overflows a drainage ditch due to the fact that the water amount of a single-side drainage ditch is too large, the stability of a tunnel structure is influenced, and the driving safety in the tunnel is easily influenced can be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the drainage system and the drainage method for the non-equilibrium water-rich area of the karst or fault tunnel are provided for the problems that the tunnel body is located in the non-equilibrium water-rich structural area, and the water overflows a drainage ditch due to the fact that the water quantity of a single-side drainage ditch is too large, the single-side drainage ditch is collected on a tunnel roadbed, the stability of a tunnel structure is influenced, and the influence on driving safety in the tunnel is caused.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a drainage system that is used for non-equilibrium rich water district in karst or fault tunnel all is equipped with the escape canal in the both sides in tunnel, each the escape canal passes through the drain pipe intercommunication with the drain bar that prevents that corresponds the side, be equipped with the leading water pipe between the escape canal, the leading water pipe is used for making the escape canal intercommunication each other of tunnel both sides.
Each the escape canal passes through the drain pipe intercommunication with the drain bar that prevents that corresponds the side, set up the leading water pipe of intercommunication between the escape canal of tunnel both sides, in the unbalanced water-rich district, when the water yield in tunnel one side escape canal is more than the water yield of opposite side escape canal, under the water pressure effect, water can follow the leading water pipe and get into in the few escape canal of water yield from the escape canal that the water yield is many, thereby avoid water to spill over in the escape canal that the water yield is many and get into the tunnel, through the escape canal that sets up leading water pipe intercommunication tunnel both sides, it is located the unbalanced water-rich structure district to have solved the tunnel shaft, the unilateral escape canal water yield is too big can lead to water to spill over the escape canal, collect on the tunnel roadbed, influence tunnel structure's stability, and lead to the problem of influence to driving safety in the tunnel.
Preferentially, the drain pipe includes vertical water pipe and a plurality of horizontal water pipe, horizontal water pipe is followed the extending direction of vertical water pipe arranges, vertical water pipe with prevent the drain bar intercommunication, each horizontal water pipe all with the escape canal intercommunication. Set up a horizontal water pipe along the extending direction interval 3m ~ 5m of vertical water pipe, the one end and the vertical water pipe intercommunication of each horizontal water pipe, the other end and escape canal intercommunication, vertical water pipe with prevent the drain bar intercommunication, the infiltration water on the drain bar in the tunnel, through vertical water pipe, along horizontal water pipe, get into the escape canal at last in, realize the permeable in time emission of infiltration in the tunnel, avoid the drainage unsmooth tunnel bed ponding that leads to easily.
Preferably, a plurality of water guide pipes are arranged in parallel along the extending direction of the drainage ditch. In the rich water district of non-equilibrium, through a plurality of leading water pipes of extending direction parallel arrangement along the escape canal, can introduce the escape canal that the water yield is few with the water in the escape canal that the water yield is many to effectively avoid water to spill over in the escape canal.
Preferably, the intervals between the adjacent water guide pipes are equal.
Preferably, all the water conduits are uniformly distributed in the same horizontal plane.
Preferably, the included angle alpha between the water conduit and the vertical surface ranges from 30 degrees to 60 degrees.
Preferably, both ends of the water conduit are respectively communicated with the bottom of the corresponding drainage ditch side wall.
A method for non-equilibrium water-rich areas of karst or fault tunnels, wherein the water conduit is a square pipe, and the expression of the flow of the square pipe (31) is as follows:
q＝(|b1-b2|×K1×K1/s)×0.5；
wherein, b1Is the depth of a drainage ditch at one side of the tunnel (1),the unit is m; b2The depth of a drainage ditch at the other side of the tunnel is m; c is the circumference of the square tube (31) in m, and the expression is: c is 4L, wherein L is the side length of the square tube (31); r is the hydraulic radius of the square pipe (31) in m, and the expression is as follows: r is L multiplied by L/c; k1Is the flow coefficient, K1＝L×L/n×r2/3(ii) a s is the length of the square pipe (31), and the unit is m, wherein, w is the distance of the drainage ditches (2) at two sides of the tunnel (1), and alpha is the included angle between the square pipe (31) and the horizontal direction.
A method for the non-equilibrium rich water area of karst or fault tunnel, the water conduit is a circular pipe, the expression of the circular pipe flow is:
q＝(|b1-b2|×K2×K2/s)×0.5；
wherein, b1The depth of a drainage ditch (2) at one side of the tunnel (1) is m; b2The depth of a drainage ditch (2) at the other side of the tunnel (1) is m; c is the circumference of the circular tube, and the expression is: c 2 pi R, wherein R is the radius of the circular tube (32); r is the hydraulic radius of the circular tube (32) and the expression is: r ═ pi R × R/c in m; k2For the flow coefficient, the expression is: k2＝L×L/n×r2/3(ii) a s is the length of the circular tube (32) in m, and the expression: and s is w/cos alpha, wherein w is the distance between the drainage ditches (2) at the two sides of the tunnel (1), and alpha is the included angle between the circular pipe (32) and the vertical surface.
Preferably, the longitudinal distance Di (m) between the water guide pipes (3) on the ith section is expressed as follows:
the tunnel (1) is divided into i sections, the length of the ith section is Ti, and the unit is m; (ii) a The water inflow A on the left side of the tunnel in each sectioni1Unit is m3S; the right side water inflow is Ai2Unit is m3S; the water inflow of the inclined shaft on the left side of the ith section is BmUnit is m3S; the water inflow of the inclined shaft on the right side of the ith section is BnUnit is m3/s；
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention relates to a drainage system and a method for an unbalanced water-rich area of a karst or fault tunnel, wherein each drainage ditch is communicated with a waterproof drainage plate on the corresponding side through a drainage pipe, a communicated water conduit is arranged between the drainage ditches on the two sides of the tunnel, in the unbalanced water-rich area, when the water amount in the drainage ditch on one side of the tunnel is more than that of the drainage ditch on the other side of the tunnel, water can enter the drainage ditch with less water amount from the drainage ditch with more water amount along the water conduit under the action of water pressure, so that the phenomenon that the water overflows into the tunnel in the drainage ditch with more water amount is avoided, and the problems that the drainage ditch on the two sides of the tunnel is communicated through the water conduit are solved, the tunnel body is positioned in the unbalanced water-rich structural area, the water overflow of the drainage ditch on one side can overflow the drainage ditch due to overlarge water amount and is collected on a tunnel subgrade, the stability of the tunnel structure is influenced, and the driving safety in the tunnel is influenced.
The distance parameter of the water guide pipes is determined by the drainage calculation method, so that the drainage of the drainage ditches at two sides can be ensured to be balanced, the accumulated water in the tunnel can be avoided, the construction cost can be saved, and the problems that the construction cost is high due to too many water guide pipes and the bottom structure of the tunnel is easy to crack can be solved.
The beneficial effects of other embodiments of the application are as follows:
1. in the rich water district of non-equilibrium, through a plurality of leading water pipes of equidistant parallel arrangement along the extending direction of escape canal, can introduce the escape canal that the water yield is few with the water in the escape canal that the water yield is many to effectively avoid water to spill over in the escape canal and get into in the tunnel.
2. The drain pipe includes vertical water pipe and a plurality of horizontal water pipe, horizontal water pipe is followed the extending direction of vertical water pipe arranges, vertical water pipe with prevent drain bar intercommunication, each horizontal water pipe all with the escape canal intercommunication sets up a horizontal water pipe along the extending direction interval 3m ~ 5m of vertical water pipe, the one end and the vertical water pipe intercommunication of each horizontal water pipe, the other end and escape canal intercommunication, vertical water pipe with prevent the drain bar intercommunication, the infiltration water on the water drain bar in the tunnel, through vertical water pipe, along horizontal water pipe, get into in the escape canal at last, realize the permeable timely emission to the infiltration in the tunnel, avoid the drainage smoothly to lead to tunnel bed ponding.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a drainage system for an unbalanced water-rich area of a karst or fault tunnel according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a square tube.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of fig. 2 installed in a tunnel.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a circular tube.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of fig. 4 installed in a tunnel.
Reference numerals
1-tunnel, 2-drainage ditch, 3-water conduit, 31-square pipe, 32-round pipe, 4-primary support, 5-anti-drainage plate, 6-secondary mould lining, 7-drainage pipe, 7 a-longitudinal water pipe and 7 b-transverse water pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in the drainage system and method for the unbalanced water-rich area of the karst or fault tunnel according to the present embodiment, drainage ditches 2 are disposed at both sides of the tunnel 1, a drainage prevention plate 5 is disposed between a primary support 4 and a secondary mold lining 6, the drainage prevention plate 5 is communicated with the drainage ditches 2 at the corresponding side through drainage pipes 7, a water conduit 3 is disposed between the drainage ditches 2, the water conduit 3 is used for communicating the drainage ditches 2 at both sides of the tunnel 1, and both ends of the water conduit 3 are respectively communicated with the bottoms of the side walls of the corresponding drainage ditches 2, in the unbalanced water-rich area, when the amount of water entering the drainage ditches 2 at one side of the tunnel 1 is greater than that of the drainage ditches 2 at the other side, a water pressure difference is generated between the drainage ditches 2 with a large amount of water and the drainage ditches 2 with a small amount of water, and water can enter the drainage ditches 2 with a small amount of water from the drainage ditches 2 with a large amount of water along the drainage conduit 3 under the action of the water pressure difference, thereby avoid water to spill over in 2 escape canals that the water yield is many and get into tunnel 1, through setting up escape canal 2 of 3 intercommunication tunnel 1 both sides of leading water pipe, solved 1 tunnel body in the tunnel and be located the water-rich tectonic zone of unbalance, the too big water yield of unilateral escape canal 2 can lead to water to spill over escape canal 2, collects on 1 road bed in tunnel, influences the stability of 1 structure in tunnel to and lead to the problem of influence to the driving safety in 1 tunnel.
The drain pipe 7 includes vertical water pipe 7a and a plurality of horizontal water pipe 7b, horizontal water pipe 7b is followed vertical water pipe 7 a's extending direction arranges, vertical water pipe 7a with prevent drain bar 5 intercommunication, each horizontal water pipe 7b all with escape canal 2 intercommunication sets up a horizontal water pipe 7b along vertical water pipe 7 a's extending direction interval 3m ~ 5m, and the one end and the vertical water pipe 7a intercommunication of each horizontal water pipe 7b, the other end and 2 intercommunications in escape canal, vertical water pipe 7a with prevent drain bar 5 intercommunication, the infiltration water on the water proof drain bar 5 in the tunnel 1, through vertical water pipe 7a, along horizontal water pipe 7b, get into escape canal 2 at last in, realize the timely emission of permeating water in tunnel 1.
In the non-equilibrium rich water district, through a plurality of leading water pipes 3 of equidistant parallel arrangement along the extending direction of escape canal 2, all leading water pipe 3 equipartition is arranged in same horizontal plane, the scope of the contained angle alpha of leading water pipe 3 and vertical face is 30 ~ 60, can introduce the water in the escape canal 2 that the water yield is many in the escape canal 2 that the water yield is few to effectively avoid water to spill over in escape canal 2 and get into in tunnel 1.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, since the width of the tunnel 1 is unchanged, after the included angle between the water conduit 3 and the vertical surface is determined, the length of the water conduit 3 is unchanged, and in different sections of the tunnel 1, the distance between the water conduits 3 is too large, which cannot play a role in balanced drainage; the interval undersize of leading water pipe 3, along the density of setting up of escape canal 2 is too high, increases construction cost to arouse 1 substructure's in tunnel fracture infiltration easily, consequently, it is crucial that 3 intervals of leading water pipe are rationally set up, and the degree of depth of 1 one side escape canal 2 in tunnel is b1And the depth of the drainage ditch 2 at the other side is b2When the water conduit 3 is a square pipe 31, the side length L of the square pipe 31 is 4L, and the perimeter c is 4L; the square tube 31 has a hydraulic radius r,r is L multiplied by L/c; flow coefficient of K1，K1＝L×L/n×r2/3(ii) a The length of the square pipe 31 is s, wherein s is w/cos alpha, and w is the distance between the drainage ditches 2 on the two sides of the tunnel 1; alpha is the included angle between the square tube 31 and the vertical surface; the flow rate of the water conduit 3 is q; q ═ b (| b)1-b2|×K1×K1/s)×0.5。
According to the segmented data of the water inflow of the tunnel 1 provided by geological data, the tunnel 1 is divided into i sections, and the length of the ith section is Ti(ii) a The longitudinal distance of the water conduit 3 on the ith section is Di(ii) a The water inflow A on the left side of the tunnel 1 in each sectioni1The right side water inflow is Ai2(ii) a The water inflow of the inclined shaft on the left side of the ith section is Bm(ii) a The water inflow of the inclined shaft on the right side of the ith section is Bn；
According to the actual water inflow amount of the two sides of the tunnel 1, the distance parameter of the square pipes 31 is determined through a drainage calculation method, so that the drainage of the drainage ditches 2 on the two sides can be guaranteed to avoid water accumulation in the tunnel 1, the construction cost can be saved, and the problems that the square pipes 31 are too large in construction cost and easily cause cracking of the bottom structure of the tunnel 1 can be solved.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, the depth of the drainage ditch 2 on one side of the tunnel 1 is b1And the depth of the drainage ditch 2 at the other side is b2The water conduit 3 is a circular pipe 32, the radius R and the perimeter c of the circular pipe 32 are 2 pi R; the circular tube 32 has a hydraulic radius R ═ pi R × R/c; flow coefficient of K2，K2＝L×L/n×r2/3(ii) a The length of the circular tube 32 is s, w/cos α; w is the distance between the drainage ditches 2 at the two sides of the tunnel 1, and alpha is the included angle between the circular pipe 32 and the vertical surface; the flow rate of the water conduit 3 is q; q ═ b (| b)1-b2|×K2×K2/s)×0.5；
According to the tunnel water inflow segmentation data provided by geological data, the tunnel 1 is divided into i sections, and the length of the ith section is Ti(ii) a The ith segment is circularThe tubes 32 are longitudinally spaced at a distance Di(ii) a Defining the water inflow A at the left side of the tunnel 1 in each sectioni1The right side water inflow is Ai2(ii) a The water inflow of the inclined shaft on the left side of the ith section is Bm(ii) a The water inflow of the inclined shaft on the right side of the ith section is Bn；
The problem that water inflow amount is uneven on two sides of the tunnel 1 is solved by arranging the circular pipes 32, the distance parameters of the water guide pipes are determined by a drainage calculation method according to actual water inflow amount on two sides of the tunnel 1, water accumulation in the tunnel can be avoided by ensuring balanced drainage of drainage ditches 2 on two sides, construction cost can be saved, the problem that the water guide pipes 3 are large in excessive construction cost and prone to cause cracking of the bottom structure of the tunnel 1 can be solved.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the invention and not for limiting the technical solutions described in the invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail in the present specification with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and therefore, any modification or equivalent replacement of the present invention is made; all such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A drainage system that is used for non-equilibrium rich water district in karst or fault tunnel all is equipped with escape canal (2) in the both sides in tunnel (1), each escape canal (2) with correspond the side prevent drain bar (5) through drain pipe (7) intercommunication, its characterized in that: be equipped with leading water pipe (3) between escape canal (2), leading water pipe (3) are used for making escape canal (2) of tunnel (1) both sides communicate each other.
2. The drainage system for the non-equilibrium water-rich area of the karst or fault tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drain pipe (7) includes vertical water pipe (7a) and a plurality of horizontal water pipe (7b), horizontal water pipe (7b) are followed the extending direction of vertical water pipe (7a) arranges, vertical water pipe (7a) with prevent drain bar (5) intercommunication, each horizontal water pipe (7b) all with escape canal (2) intercommunication.
3. The drainage system for the non-equilibrium water-rich area of the karst or fault tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a plurality of water guide pipes (3) are arranged in parallel along the extending direction of the drainage ditch (2).
4. The drainage system for the non-equilibrium water-rich area of the karst or fault tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: the distances between the adjacent water guide pipes (3) are equal.
5. The drainage system for the non-equilibrium water-rich area of the karst or fault tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: all the water diversion pipes (3) are uniformly distributed in the same horizontal plane.
6. The drainage system for the non-equilibrium water-rich area of the karst or fault tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: the included angle alpha between the water conduit (3) and the vertical surface ranges from 30 degrees to 60 degrees.
7. The drainage system for the non-equilibrium water-rich area of the karst or fault tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that: and the two ends of the water conduit (3) are respectively communicated with the bottom of the side wall of the corresponding drainage ditch (2).
8. A method for the non-equilibrium water-rich area of a karst or fault tunnel, which adopts the drainage system for the non-equilibrium water-rich area of the karst or fault tunnel according to claim 1, and is characterized in that: the water diversion pipe (3) is a square pipe (31), and the expression of the flow of the square pipe (31) is as follows:
q＝(|b1-b2|×K1×K1/s)×0.5；
wherein, b1The depth of a drainage ditch at one side of the tunnel (1) is m; b2Is a tunnelThe depth of the drainage ditch on the other side of the channel is m; c is the circumference of the square tube (31) in m, and the expression is: c is 4L, wherein L is the side length of the square tube (31); r is the hydraulic radius of the square pipe (31) in m, and the expression is as follows: r is L × L/c; k1Is the flow coefficient, K1＝L×L/n×r2/3(ii) a s is the length of the square pipe (31), s is w/cos, and the unit is m, wherein w is the distance between the drainage ditches (2) at the two sides of the tunnel (1), and alpha is the included angle between the square pipe (31) and the horizontal direction.
9. A method for the non-equilibrium water-rich area of a karst or fault tunnel, which adopts the drainage system for the non-equilibrium water-rich area of the karst or fault tunnel according to claim 1, and is characterized in that: the water conduit (3) is a circular pipe (32), and the expression of the flow of the circular pipe (32) is as follows:
q＝(|b1-b2|×K2×K2/s)×0.5；
wherein, b1The depth of a drainage ditch (2) at one side of the tunnel (1) is m; b2The depth of a drainage ditch (2) at the other side of the tunnel (1) is m; c is the circumference of the circular tube, and the expression is: c 2 pi R, wherein R is the radius of the circular tube (32); r is the hydraulic radius of the circular tube (32) and the expression is: r ═ pi R × R/c in m; k2For the flow coefficient, the expression is: k2＝L×L/n×r2 /3(ii) a s is the length of the circular tube (32) in m, and the expression: and s is w/cos alpha, wherein w is the distance between the drainage ditches (2) at the two sides of the tunnel (1), and alpha is the included angle between the circular pipe (32) and the vertical surface.
10. A method for use in a non-equilibrium water-rich zone of a karst or fault tunnel according to claim 8 or 9, wherein: the longitudinal distance Di (m) between the water guide pipes (3) on the ith section is expressed as follows:
wherein the tunnel (1) is dividedDividing the section into i sections, wherein the length of the ith section is Ti and the unit is m; (ii) a Water inflow A at the left side of the tunnel in each sectioni1Unit is m3S; the right side water inflow is Ai2Unit is m3S; the water inflow of the inclined shaft on the left side of the ith section is BmUnit is m3S; the water inflow of the inclined shaft on the right side of the ith section is BnUnit is m3/s。
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| CN114607463B (en) | 2023-01-10 |
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