CN114592844A - Reservoir fracture simulation device and application thereof - Google Patents
Reservoir fracture simulation device and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114592844A CN114592844A CN202011419141.9A CN202011419141A CN114592844A CN 114592844 A CN114592844 A CN 114592844A CN 202011419141 A CN202011419141 A CN 202011419141A CN 114592844 A CN114592844 A CN 114592844A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The invention provides a simulation device of a reservoir fracture and application thereof, wherein the simulation device comprises a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate and an elastic connecting piece for connecting the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate have the same shape and area, and the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are correspondingly arranged; the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are made of rock of a reservoir; the modulus of elasticity of the simulation device is 103‑104MPa order of magnitude, and the compression limit height of the elastic connecting piece is less than 1 mm. The simulation device can realize dynamic change of the fracture in the fracturing fluid displacement process, so that more objective parameters such as the using amount of a propping agent for propping the fracture in the reservoir can be obtained, and more objective parameters are provided for efficient development of the reservoirAnd (5) guiding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a simulation device, in particular to a simulation device for reservoir fractures and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of unconventional oil and gas yield increase.
Background
With the increase of energy demand, unconventional reservoirs are vigorously fractured and developed at home and abroad. The unconventional reservoir is a hydrocarbon (or non-hydrocarbon) resource different from conventional oil gas in the aspects of reservoir formation mechanism, occurrence state, distribution rule, exploration and development mode and the like, and mainly refers to shale gas, coal bed gas, compact oil, compact sandstone gas, natural gas hydrate and the like.
The mechanism of the fracturing process is that a fracture is pressed in a stratum through hydraulic energy, then a propping agent is pumped into the fracture, and after the hydraulic energy is removed, the propping agent is left in the fracture to form a high-flow-guiding channel, so that the seepage capacity of oil gas is improved. However, the hydraulic fracture filled proppant, although serving to expand the width of the fracture, also reduces the permeability of the fracture and affects the development of the reservoir. And along with the change of the amount of the proppant, the width of the fracture can also change, thereby having certain influence on the flow conductivity. However, no experimental method and device capable of representing dynamic change of fracture opening exist at present, and the existing devices detect the relationship between the concentration of the proppant and the flow conductivity of the fracture under the condition of fixed fracture width.
Therefore, how to establish the balance between the amount of the proppant and the fracture conductivity is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a reservoir fracture simulation device which can realize dynamic change of fractures in a fracturing fluid displacement process, so that parameters such as the using amount of a propping agent for propping the fractures in a reservoir and the like can be obtained more objectively, and more objective guidance is provided for efficient development of the reservoir.
The invention provides a method for determining the amount of a proppant for a reservoir fracture, which utilizes the simulator for the reservoir fracture to carry out displacement simulation of fracturing fluid.
The invention provides a reservoir fracture simulation device which comprises a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate and an elastic connecting piece for connecting the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, wherein the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are the same in shape and area and are arranged correspondingly;
the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are made of rock of a reservoir;
the modulus of elasticity of the simulation device is 103-104MPa order of magnitude, and the compression limit height of the elastic connecting piece is less than 1 mm.
The simulation apparatus as described above, wherein the elastic connecting member includes N elastic sub-connecting members, one end of each of the elastic sub-connecting members is connected to the first clamping plate, and the other end of each of the elastic sub-connecting members is connected to the second clamping plate;
wherein N is more than or equal to 4 and is an even number.
The simulation apparatus as described above, wherein the N elastic sub-connectors are symmetrically distributed between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate.
The simulation apparatus as described above, wherein the first surface of the first clamping plate has N first fixing portions, and the first surface of the second clamping plate has second fixing portions corresponding to the N first fixing portions;
one end of the elastic sub-connecting piece is connected with the first fixing part, and the other end of the elastic sub-connecting piece is connected with the second fixing part corresponding to the first fixing part.
The simulation apparatus as described above, wherein one end of the elastic sub-connecting member is riveted and bonded to the first fixing portion, and the other end of the elastic sub-connecting member is riveted and bonded to the second fixing portion.
The simulation apparatus as described above, wherein the elastic sub-connector is a spring or a disc spring.
The simulation apparatus as described above, wherein the diameter of the elastic sub-connecting member is 0.5-1cm, and the natural length of the elastic sub-connecting member is 1-2 cm.
The simulation apparatus as described above, wherein the material of the elastic sub-connector is one selected from 70 steel, t9A and 65 Mn.
The simulation apparatus as described above, wherein the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate include a rectangular portion and a special-shaped portion connected to corresponding two first end faces of the rectangular portion;
the first end face of the special-shaped part is the same as and correspondingly connected with the first end face of the rectangular part.
The invention also provides a method for determining the using amount of the reservoir fracture proppant, which comprises the following steps:
placing any one of the reservoir fracture simulation devices in a diversion chamber for fracturing fluid displacement simulation, and obtaining M diversion capacities of the reservoir fracture simulation device under M times of proppant consumption under a first confining pressure; m is more than or equal to 1;
establishing a proppant dosage-conductivity curve, and determining the dosage of the reservoir fracture proppant according to the inflection point of the proppant dosage-conductivity curve;
the first confining pressure is calculated according to equation 1,
in formula 1,. sigma.cThe first confining pressure is obtained; p is a radical ofiInjecting pressure into the fracturing fluid; v. ofpThe Poisson's ratio of the first clamping plate or the second clamping plate; esYoung's modulus of a simulation device for a reservoir fracture; sigmanIs the normal stress of the natural fractures in the reservoir; p is a radical offIs the flow pressure within the natural fracture in the reservoir; v. ofrIs the poisson's ratio of the reservoir rock; erIs the young's modulus of the reservoir rock.
The reservoir fracture simulation device provided by the invention comprises a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate and an elastic connecting piece which is arranged between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate and used for connecting the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, wherein the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are both made of reservoir rock samples, so that when the device is used for carrying out a displacement simulation experiment, the elastic connecting piece stretches along with the injection of a propping agent, namely the distance between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate changes, thereby simulating the dynamic change of the width of a seam in a reservoir; the flow conductivity of the fracture formed by obtaining the distance between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate is changed along with the closing pressure and the amount or concentration of the propping agent, so that the parameters of the optimal amount of the natural fracture propping agent, the damage of the fracturing fluid to the flow conductivity and the like are obtained, and a basis is provided for the hydraulic fracturing design of a fractured reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of a reservoir fracture simulation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of one embodiment of a first clamping plate of the reservoir fracture simulation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a reservoir fracture simulation apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a top view of a first surface of a first clamping plate in the simulation device of fig. 3.
Description of reference numerals:
1: a first clamping plate;
11: a first surface of a first clamping plate;
2: a second clamping plate;
21: a first surface of a second clamping plate;
3: an elastic connecting member;
31: an elastomeric sub-connector;
4: a fixed part;
41: a first fixed part;
42: a second fixed part;
a: a rectangular portion;
a 1: a first end face of the rectangular portion;
b: a shaped portion;
b 1: a first end surface of the shaped portion.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "vertical", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on methods or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In addition, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
It will be appreciated that the relevant features of the devices described above may be referred to one another. In addition, "first", "second", and the like in the above embodiments are for distinguishing the embodiments, and do not represent merits of the embodiments.
The invention provides a simulation device of reservoir fractures in a first aspect. Fig. 1 is a structural side view of an embodiment of a reservoir fracture simulation apparatus according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the simulation apparatus includes a first clamping plate 1, a second clamping plate 2, and an elastic connector 3 for connecting the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2, the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 have the same shape and area, and the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 are disposed correspondingly; the material of the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 is rock of a reservoir; the modulus of elasticity of the simulation device is 103-104In the order of MPa and the compression limit height of the elastic connecting piece 3 is less than 1 mm.
The first holding plate 1 and the second holding plate 2 are made of rock samples of a target reservoir, so that the similarity with reservoir fractures is improved, and preferably, the surfaces of the first holding plate 1 and the second holding plate 2 are complete without any cracks.
Specifically, the shape and the area of the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 are completely the same and are oppositely arranged, the elastic connecting piece 3 is positioned between the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 and is used for connecting the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2, wherein one end of the elastic connecting piece 3 is connected with the first clamping plate 1, and the other end of the elastic connecting piece 3 is connected with the second clamping plate 2.
The elastic connecting member 3 is not particularly limited in the present invention, as long as it can achieve the connection of the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 and has a contractible or expandable property under the action of an external force. In addition, the present invention also does not limit the specific connection relationship between the elastic connecting member and the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2, and the connection relationship may be, for example, welding, riveting, bonding, etc.
The first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 are arranged oppositely, which means that the projection of the first clamping plate 1 on the second clamping plate 2 completely coincides with the second clamping plate 2, or the projection of the second clamping plate 2 on the first clamping plate 1 completely coincides with the first clamping plate 1.
Because the simulation device is provided with the elastic connecting piece 3, the simulation device can deform under the action of external force. In order to be able to highly reduce or simulate the deformation of fractures in a reservoir due to injection pressure (e.g. pressure generated by fracturing fluid, displacement fluid or proppant injection, etc.) or confining pressure, the simulation device of the present invention has an elastic modulus of 103-104In the order of MPa and the compression limit height of the elastic connection 3 is < 1 mm. The compression limit height is the lowest height that the elastic connecting element 3 can compress when the elastic connecting element 3 is subjected to an external force directed from the first clamping plate 1 to the second clamping plate 2 (or from the second clamping plate 2 to the first clamping plate 1), and the elastic connecting element 3 shows along with the gradual increase of the external force.
In specific application, the simulation device can be placed in an API standard diversion chamber, a fracturing proppant diversion capacity testing system is utilized to perform a proppant injection experiment, and the simulation device can work under certain confining pressure and injection pressure by setting multiple injection times or proppant concentrations. In the process of injecting the propping agent, the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 are subjected to external force, and simultaneously, under the connecting action of the elastic connecting piece 3, the distance between the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 can be changed continuously along with the different amount of the injected propping agent, and the process can efficiently simulate the change of the width of a reservoir fracture along with the closing pressure and the amount or concentration of the propping agent in the actual exploitation process, so that the amount of the propping agent beneficial to realizing efficient exploitation is obtained through the simulation device provided by the invention, and a more effective and objective basis is provided for the efficient hydraulic fracturing design of a fractured reservoir.
When the reservoir rock sample is used for processing the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2, the shapes of the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 can be determined according to the specific application environment of the simulation device.
In one embodiment, the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 may be processed into rectangles with certain thicknesses, and for example, the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 may be cuboids with specific dimensions of 17.8cm long, 3.8cm wide and 1.9cm thick.
In another embodiment, the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 may be machined into other special shapes, and fig. 2 is a top view of one embodiment of the first clamping plate in the reservoir fracture simulation apparatus according to the present invention. For example, the first and second chucking plates 1 and 2 are made to include a rectangular portion a and a deformed portion b connected to the corresponding two first end faces a1 of the rectangular portion a. Since the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 have the same shape and area, the first clamping plate 1 will be described as an example.
As shown in fig. 2, the first clamping plate 1 includes a rectangular portion a and a deformed portion b connected to two first end surfaces a1 opposite to the rectangular portion a, and specifically, the first end surface a1 of the first clamping plate 1 refers to a side surface determined by the width and thickness of the rectangular portion a. The first clamping plate 1 comprises two special-shaped parts b which have the same shape, wherein the end surface of the special-shaped part b connected with the first end surface a1 of the rectangular part a is called the first end surface b1 of the special-shaped part b, and the first end surface a1 of the rectangular part a and the first end surface b1 of the special-shaped part b are correspondingly connected. The present invention does not limit the specific shape of the irregularly shaped part b, and the specific shape of the irregularly shaped part b may be determined according to the specific application environment of the simulation apparatus as long as the irregularly shaped part b has an end face completely corresponding to the first end face a1 of the rectangular part a. In fig. 2, the planar shape of the irregularly shaped portion b is a part of a circle, and the length of the first end surface b1 of the irregularly shaped portion b is the linear distance between any two points of the circle. In the actual process of the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2, the rectangular part a and the special-shaped part b are mostly integrally formed.
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a reservoir fracture simulation apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. In order to ensure the stable support of the elastic connecting member 3 on the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2, in one embodiment, the elastic connecting member 3 of the present invention comprises N elastic sub-connecting members 31, wherein one end of each elastic sub-connecting member 31 is connected to the first clamping plate 1, the other end of each elastic sub-connecting member 31 is connected to the second clamping plate 2, and N is greater than or equal to 4 and is an even number. For example, the number of the elastic sub-connecting members 31 may be 4, 6, 8, 10, etc. The space between the first holding plate 1 and the second holding plate 2 can be stably supported by connecting the first holding plate 1 and the second holding plate 2 through the N elastic sub-connecting members 31. It can be understood that the more the elastic sub-connecting pieces 31 are, the more uniform the stress of the simulation device is, and the deformation caused by uneven stress at the middle position can be prevented. It should be noted that the number of the elastic sub-connecting members 31 is preferably not more than 10, which is not favorable for simulating the variation of the dynamic gap width between the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2, and also increases the manufacturing cost and difficulty.
In order to further ensure the structural stability of the simulation apparatus and avoid the excessive displacement caused by the compression, the N elastic sub-connectors 31 may be symmetrically distributed between the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2. In a specific setting process, the elastic sub-connecting members 31 may be preferentially distributed on both sides of the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 along the length axis. For example, when 4 elastic sub-connectors 31 are included, the 4 elastic sub-connectors 31 are respectively distributed in the four end corner regions of the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2; when 6 elastic sub-connectors 31 are included, the 6 elastic sub-connectors 31 (the elastic sub-connectors block the other three elastic sub-connectors respectively symmetrical thereto) between the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 of the simulation apparatus are distributed outside the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 along the length direction as shown in fig. 3. When more elastic sub-connectors 31 are included, they may be distributed along the axis of the length direction of the first and second clamping plates 1 and 2 in the middle of the area between the first and second clamping plates 1 and 2.
As described above, the present invention does not limit the connection relationship of the elastic sub-connector 31 to the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2, and in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the connection of the elastic sub-connector 41 to the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 can be accomplished by the fixing portion 4.
Specifically, the present invention refers to the face of the first clamping plate 1 facing the second clamping plate 2 as the first surface 11 of the first clamping plate 1, and the face of the second clamping plate 2 facing the first clamping plate 1 as the first surface 21 of the second clamping plate 2. Since the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 have the same shape and area, the first clamping plate 1 will be described as an example.
Fig. 4 is a top view of a first surface of a first clamping plate in the simulation device of fig. 3. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, 6 first fixing portions 41 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first surface 11 of the first clamping plate 1 in the length direction, and the first fixing portions 41 are used for realizing the connection of the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 and the first clamping plate 1. Specifically, one ends of the 6 elastic sub-connecting members 31 are respectively connected to the 6 first fixing portions 41.
Correspondingly, 6 second fixing portions 42 are distributed in the area of the first surface 21 of the second clamping plate 2 corresponding to the first fixing portion 41, and the other ends of the 6 elastic sub-connecting members 31 are respectively connected with the 6 second fixing portions 42 corresponding to the 6 first fixing portions 41, but the invention is not limited to the specific form of the connection. It should be noted that the area of the first surface 21 of the second clamping plate 2 corresponding to the first fixing portion 41 refers to a projection position of the first fixing portion 41 on the second clamping plate 2.
According to the invention, the first clamping plate 1 is connected with one end of the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 through the first fixing part 41, and the second clamping plate 2 is connected with the other end of the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 through the second fixing part 42, so that the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 is more firmly connected with the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2, and a good foundation is laid for dynamic simulation of reservoir fracture width.
When the connection between the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 and the first clamping plate 1 and the connection between the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 and the second clamping plate 2 are realized through the first fixing part 41 and the second fixing part 42, the first fixing part 41 and the second fixing part 42 are distributed correspondingly, so that the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 can be vertically distributed between the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2, and the balanced stress of the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 is further ensured.
The first fixing portion 41 and the second fixing portion 42 may be integrally formed on the first surface 11 of the first clamping plate 1 and the first surface 21 of the second clamping plate 2 when the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 are manufactured on the reservoir rock sample.
In one embodiment, the connection manner of the elastic sub-connecting member 31 and the first fixing portion 41 and the second fixing portion 42 may be rivet bonding. The caulking bonding here means that after one end of the elastic sub connector 31 is caulked and connected to the first fixing portion 41, the caulked first fixing portion 41 and one end of the elastic sub connector 31 are bonded by an epoxy resin adhesive or the like; similarly, after the other end of the elastic sub-connector 31 is riveted to the second fixing portion 42, the riveted second fixing portion 42 and the other end of the elastic sub-connector 31 are bonded together with an adhesive or the like. In the actual use process, the riveting bonding mode can enable the connection between the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 and the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 to be firmer, the falling probability between the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 and the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 is reduced, and the dynamic change of the seam width of the reservoir fracture can be highly reduced by the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 under the action of external force in the application process of the simulation device.
In one embodiment, the elastic sub-connector 31 connecting the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 may be a spring or a disc spring.
In one embodiment, the present invention also defines the dimensions of the elastomeric sub-connector 31. Specifically, the diameter of the elastic sub-connecting member 31 is 0.5-1cm, and the natural length of the elastic sub-connecting member 31 is 1-2 cm. The diameter of the elastic sub-connecting member 31 refers to the diameter of the end surface of the elastic sub-connecting member 31 facing the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2, and the natural length of the elastic sub-connecting member 31 refers to the distance from one end to the other end of the elastic sub-connecting member 31 without any external force. Alternatively, the elastic sub-connecting member 31 has a diameter of 1cm and a natural length of 2 cm.
When the diameter of the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 is less than 0.5cm, the elasticity of the elastic sub-connecting piece is difficult to meet the experimental requirements, and the elastic sub-connecting piece is easy to deform and has larger installation difficulty; when the diameter of the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 is larger than 1cm, the flowing of the fracturing fluid carrying the proppant between the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 is influenced; when the natural length of the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 is less than 1cm, the injection of the fracturing fluid with the propping agent is not facilitated; when the natural length of the elastic sub-connecting piece 31 is larger than 2cm, the height simulation of the crack cannot be realized.
It should be noted that the dimensions of the N elastic sub-connectors 31 for connecting the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 need to be identical.
It can be understood that, when the elastic sub-connecting member 31 is connected to the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2 through the first fixing portion 41 and the second fixing portion 42, the diameter size of the first fixing portion 41 and the second fixing portion 42 needs to be matched with the diameter size of the elastic sub-connecting member 31, so as to facilitate the riveting of the elastic sub-connecting member 31 with the first fixing portion 41 and the second fixing portion 42, respectively. The heights of the first fixing portion 41 and the second fixing portion 42 need to be emphasized particularly, and in particular, the heights of the first fixing portion 41 and the second fixing portion 42 need to be considered in order to influence the installation of the elastic sub-connector 31 and influence the flow of the fracturing fluid carrying the proppant between the first clamping plate 1 and the second clamping plate 2. For example, when the height of the first fixing portion 41 and the second fixing portion 42 is less than 1mm, the installation of the elastic sub-connecting member 31 is not facilitated; when the height of the first fixing portion 41 and the second fixing portion 42 is greater than 2mm, the flow of the fracturing fluid with the proppant between the first holding plate 1 and the second holding plate 2 is affected.
Further, the material of the elastic sub-link 31 of the present invention may be selected from 60Si2Mn steel, No. 70 steel, t9A and 65 Mn.
The preparation method of the crack simulation device of the invention is introduced below, and mainly comprises the following steps:
1) cutting a full-diameter rock sample of a target well by using a core cutting machine, cutting to obtain two rock plates, and processing the two rock plates into a specific shape, for example, processing the two rock plates into cuboids with the length of 17.8cm, the width of 3.8cm and the thickness of 1.9 cm;
2) processing N (N is more than or equal to 4 and is even) first fixing parts on the first surface of one rock plate to enable the first fixing parts and the rock plate to be integrally formed, wherein the N first fixing parts are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the first surface along the length direction to obtain a first clamping plate;
similarly, processing a second fixing part on the area of the first surface of the other rock plate corresponding to the first fixing part so that the second fixing part and the rock plate are integrally formed to obtain a second clamping plate; for example, the first fixing part and the second fixing part are both 2mm in height and 1cm in diameter;
3) using 60Si2Machining springs with the same number as the first fixing parts (or the second fixing parts) by using Mn steel; for example, the diameter of each spring is 1cm, and the natural length of each spring is 2 cm; and the compression limit height of each spring is less than 1 mm;
4) riveting one end of each spring with each first fixing part respectively, then riveting the other end of each spring with the corresponding second fixing part, and then bonding the two ends of each spring with the first fixing part and the second fixing part respectively by using a high-strength adhesive (such as an epoxy resin adhesive);
the elastic modulus of the processed device was measured, and when the elastic modulus of the device was 103-104When the magnitude of MPa is the order of magnitude, the simulation device of the reservoir fracture is obtained;
when the elastic modulus of the device is less than or greater than 103-104When the magnitude of MPa is order, the elastic modulus can be made to accord with 10 by adjusting the parameters of the material, the length and the like of the elastic connecting piece3-104In the order of MPa.
The simulation device for the reservoir fractures comprises a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate and an elastic connecting piece which is arranged between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate and used for connecting the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, wherein the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are both made of reservoir rock samples. When the device is used for carrying out displacement simulation experiments, the elastic connecting piece stretches out and draws back along with the injection of the propping agent, the dynamic change of the width of the crack is realized through the change of the distance between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, the flow conductivity of the crack formed by obtaining the distance between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate is changed along with the change of the closing pressure and the propping agent dosage or concentration, so that the optimal dosage of the natural crack propping agent is obtained, the fracturing fluid damages the flow conductivity and other parameters, and a basis is provided for the hydraulic fracturing design of a fractured reservoir.
The second aspect of the present invention also provides a method for determining the amount of proppant used in a reservoir fracture, the method being performed by the apparatus for simulating a reservoir fracture of the first aspect.
Specifically, the determination method includes:
s1: placing the simulator of the reservoir fracture in a flow guide chamber to perform fracturing fluid displacement simulation, and acquiring M flow guide capacities of the simulator of the reservoir fracture under M times of different proppant dosages under a first confining pressure; m is more than or equal to 1;
s2: establishing a proppant dosage-conductivity curve, and determining the dosage of the reservoir fracture proppant according to the inflection point of the proppant dosage-conductivity curve;
the first confining pressure is calculated according to equation 1,
in formula 1, σcThe first confining pressure is obtained; p is a radical ofiInjecting pressure into the fracturing fluid; v. ofpFor the first clamping plate or the second clamping plateThe poisson's ratio of the plate; esYoung's modulus of a simulation device for a reservoir fracture; sigmanIs the normal stress of the natural fractures in the reservoir; p is a radical offIs the flow pressure within the natural fracture in the reservoir; v. ofrIs the poisson's ratio of the reservoir rock; erIs the young's modulus of the reservoir rock.
Before S1, the Young modulus of a simulation device of the reservoir fracture needs to be detected to obtain E in the formula 1s(ii) a The fracturing fluid is then injected at a pressure p during the particular production runiPoisson's ratio v of first clamping plate or second clamping platep(i.e. Poisson's ratio v of reservoir rockr) Normal stress σ of natural fractures in reservoirnFlow pressure p in natural fractures in the reservoirfPoisson's ratio v of reservoir rockrYoung's modulus E of layer rockrSubstituting formula 1, calculating to obtain a first confining pressure sigmac。
For example, the Young's modulus E of a simulator for reservoir fracture determination using a Young's modulus testers7.2GPa and the specific injection pressure p of the fracturing fluid during productioniA Poisson's ratio v of the first clamping plate or the second clamping plate of 3.5MpapPoisson's ratio v for reservoir rockrNormal stress σ of natural fractures in reservoirn50Mpa, flow pressure p in the natural fractures in the reservoirfPoisson's ratio v of 38Mpa of reservoir rockrYoung's modulus E of layer rockrIs 25Mpa substituted for formula 1, and the first confining pressure sigma is obtained by calculationcIs 6.9 MPa.
Subsequently, in S1, placing the simulation apparatus of the reservoir fracture in a diversion chamber (e.g., an API standard diversion chamber) and performing M fracturing fluid displacement simulations (e.g., fracturing proppant diversion capacity test system using FSC-842) at a first confining pressure, wherein the amount of proppant used for each fracturing fluid displacement simulation is different, and the diversion capacity under each fracturing fluid displacement simulation is obtained; namely, each proppant dosage corresponds to one conductivity, and M groups (proppant dosage-conductivity) data are obtained.
And S2, fitting and establishing a proppant dosage-conductivity curve according to the M groups of data obtained in S1, wherein the dosage of the reservoir fracture proppant corresponding to the inflection point of the proppant dosage-conductivity curve is the optimal proppant dosage during actual reservoir operation development.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The reservoir fracture simulation device is characterized by comprising a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate and an elastic connecting piece for connecting the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, wherein the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are the same in shape and area and are arranged correspondingly;
the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are made of rock of a reservoir;
the modulus of elasticity of the simulation device is 103-104MPa order of magnitude, and the compression limit height of the elastic connecting piece is less than 1 mm.
2. The simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the elastic connector comprises N elastic sub-connectors, one end of each of the elastic sub-connectors is connected to the first clamping plate, and the other end of each of the elastic sub-connectors is connected to the second clamping plate;
wherein N is more than or equal to 4 and is an even number.
3. The simulation apparatus of claim 2, wherein the N resilient sub-connectors are symmetrically distributed between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate.
4. The simulation apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the first surface of the first clamping plate has N first fixing portions, and the first surface of the second clamping plate has second fixing portions corresponding to the N first fixing portions;
one end of the elastic sub-connecting piece is connected with the first fixing part, and the other end of the elastic sub-connecting piece is connected with the second fixing part corresponding to the first fixing part.
5. The simulator of claim 4, wherein one end of the elastic sub-connector is riveted to the first fixing portion and the other end of the elastic sub-connector is riveted to the second fixing portion.
6. Simulation device according to any of the claims 2-5, wherein the elastic sub-connection is a spring or a disc spring.
7. Simulation device according to any of the claims 2-6, wherein the elastic sub-connection has a diameter of 0.5-1cm and a natural length of 1-2 cm.
8. The simulation apparatus of any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the material of the resilient sub-connector is selected from one of No. 70 steel, t9A and 65 Mn.
9. The simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate comprise a rectangular portion and a shaped portion connected to corresponding two first end faces of the rectangular portion;
the first end face of the special-shaped part is the same as and correspondingly connected with the first end face of the rectangular part.
10. A method for determining the amount of a reservoir fracture proppant is characterized by comprising the following steps:
placing the simulator of reservoir fractures as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9 in a diversion chamber for fracture fluid displacement simulation, and obtaining M diversion capacities of the simulator of reservoir fractures at M proppant loadings under a first confining pressure; m is more than or equal to 1;
establishing a proppant dosage-conductivity curve, and determining the dosage of the reservoir fracture proppant according to the inflection point of the proppant dosage-conductivity curve;
the first confining pressure is calculated according to equation 1,
in formula 1, σcThe first confining pressure is obtained; p is a radical ofiInjecting pressure into the fracturing fluid; v. ofpThe Poisson's ratio of the first clamping plate or the second clamping plate; esYoung's modulus of a simulation device for a reservoir fracture; sigmanNormal stress for natural fractures in the reservoir; p is a radical offIs the flow pressure within the natural fracture in the reservoir; v. ofrIs the poisson's ratio of the reservoir rock; erIs the young's modulus of the reservoir rock.
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