CN114590908A - Composite ecological revetment structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution - Google Patents
Composite ecological revetment structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN114590908A CN114590908A CN202210107854.4A CN202210107854A CN114590908A CN 114590908 A CN114590908 A CN 114590908A CN 202210107854 A CN202210107854 A CN 202210107854A CN 114590908 A CN114590908 A CN 114590908A
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000756137 Hemerocallis Species 0.000 description 2
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite ecological revetment structure for treating rural area-source phosphorus pollution, which comprises an ecological buffer tank, an anti-clogging filler purification tank, a plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purification tank, an ecological fish nest and a gabion anti-scouring structure, wherein the ecological buffer tank, the anti-clogging filler purification tank, the plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purification tank and the gabion anti-scouring structure are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a step-by-step mode, the ecological buffer tank comprises a water-retaining layer, a water-moisture-resistant vegetable layer, a first planting soil layer, a coarse sand layer and a gravel layer, the anti-clogging filler purification tank comprises a central water outlet barrel, a reinforced phosphorus-removal filler layer, an overflow plate, a hemispherical grating and a sewage interception net, and the plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purification tank comprises an outer tank, an inner tank, a photosensitive hydraulic rod, a second planting soil layer and a plant-microorganism coupling body. The composite ecological bank protection structure enhances the phosphorus interception and purification capacity on the basis of comprehensively purifying non-point source pollutants, and is an effective means for treating the tail end of non-point source phosphorus pollution in rural areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological bank protection, in particular to a composite ecological bank protection structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution, which is particularly suitable for rivers with serious phosphorus pollution in rural and rural river bodies.
Background
The non-point source pollution is one of the main factors causing the deterioration of the lake water body, wherein the influence range of the agricultural non-point source phosphorus pollution is the widest, the harm to the water body is the most serious, and the discharge amount of the agricultural non-point source phosphorus pollution is far greater than that of point source phosphorus pollution such as industrial or urban domestic sewage. Phosphorus is an important factor causing water eutrophication, the enrichment of nutritive salt in water is closely related to agricultural activities, and phosphorus loss in the farmland cultivation and livestock and poultry cultivation processes is a main problem in the current agricultural non-point source phosphorus pollution treatment. At present, total phosphorus exceeds COD and ammonia nitrogen and becomes the primary pollutant of Yangtze river basin. Although industrial phosphorus pollution in China is well controlled, the problem of agricultural non-point source phosphorus pollution is becoming serious, the integration level of the prior art in a drainage basin is low, and the technical requirement is not matched with the current technical situation.
The ecological revetment is the last line of defense for preventing non-point source pollution from entering rivers and lakes, and can block the process of phosphorus pollution emission in an ecological interception mode. The conventional ecological revetment mainly aims at comprehensive prevention and control of pollutants, lacks pertinence interception of the pollutants, and has limited interception effect on non-point source phosphorus pollution in rural areas, and the conventional ecological revetment usually uses various filler matrixes to purify the non-point source phosphorus pollution, but neglects easy blockage of the filler, and the filler system is easy to be blocked and loses the purification effect after long-term use. For example, the invention patent with the publication number of CN105645592A is an ecological revetment for purifying non-point source pollutants, the patent only uses zeolite and pebble as an adsorption packing layer, the pollutants can not be well removed by the adsorption effect of simple packing, and the packing layer with the thickness of 40-60 cm is easy to block after long-term operation, so that the revetment loses the ecological purification function.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, provides a composite ecological bank protection structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution, strengthens a phosphorus pollution intercepting and purifying bank protection system while comprehensively purifying non-point source pollution, and ensures the long-term operation while strengthening the phosphorus removal effect of the bank protection by arranging a filler matrix anti-blocking structure on the system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a composite ecological bank protection structure for treating rural area-source phosphorus pollution, which comprises an ecological buffer tank, an anti-blocking filler purification tank, a plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purification tank, an ecological fish nest and a gabion anti-scouring structure, wherein the ecological buffer tank, the anti-blocking filler purification tank, the plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purification tank, the ecological fish nest and the gabion anti-scouring structure are sequentially arranged along a slope surface towards a water surface in a step-by-step manner, the ecological buffer tank comprises a water-retaining layer, a water-moisture-resistant vegetation layer, a first planting soil layer, a coarse sand layer and a gravel layer, the upper part of the ecological buffer tank is provided with an overflow hole, the overflow hole overflows into the anti-blocking filler purification tank through a water outlet pipe, the anti-blocking filler purification tank comprises a central water outlet pipe vertically arranged in the center of the tank, an enhanced phosphorus removal filler layer filled in the tank, an overflow plate arranged on the central water outlet pipe, a hemispherical grid arranged on the overflow plate and a sewage interception net laid on the enhanced phosphorus removal filler layer, the plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purification tank comprises an outer tank, an inner tank movably arranged in the outer tank, a photosensitive hydraulic rod connecting the inner bottom of the outer tank with the outer bottom of the inner tank, a second planting soil layer laid in the inner tank and a plant-microorganism coupling body planted in the second planting soil layer; when the intensity of external light changes, the inner groove moves vertically in the outer groove along with the expansion and contraction of the photosensitive hydraulic rod.
Preferably, the upper surface of the ecological buffer tank is a concave structure, and a space formed by the upper surface of the concave structure and a space below the overflow hole forms the stagnant water layer.
Preferably, the first planting soil layer is formed by mixing sand and loamy soil and is of a concave structure, the thickness of the middle soil is 15-25 cm, and the thickness of the two sides of the first planting soil layer is 20-30 cm; the coarse sand layer is made of sand with the particle size smaller than 5mm, and the thickness is 20-30 cm; the gravel layer is composed of gravels with the particle size range of 5-20mm, and the thickness of the gravel layer is 40-50 cm.
Preferably, the groove body of the ecological buffer groove is made of brick, sand-free concrete, glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon steel; the overflow hole is arranged at a position 5cm away from planting soil above the groove body on one side far away from the top of the bank slope, and the diameter of the overflow hole is 3 cm; a first drainage hole which is communicated with the anti-clogging filler purifying tank and has the diameter of 3cm is formed in the position which is 10cm away from the bottom of the tank body; a second drain hole which is communicated with the plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purification tank and has the diameter of 3cm is formed in the position, which is 10cm away from the bottom, below the tank wall of the anti-clogging filler purification tank on the side far away from the ecological buffer tank; and a third drain hole which is communicated with the ecological fish nest and has the diameter of 3cm is formed below the outer tank far away from the anti-clogging filler purification tank and at a position which is 10cm away from the bottom of the outer tank.
Preferably, the outlet pipe is the right angle form perpendicular to prevent blockking up filler purification groove center, the hemisphere grid is located the outlet pipe under, hemisphere grid diameter 5 cm.
Preferably, the thickness of the reinforced phosphorus removal packing layer is 60-80 cm, and the reinforced phosphorus removal packing layer is prepared from volcanic rock, steel slag, zeolite and oyster shell according to the mass ratio of (2-3): (1-2): (3-4): (1-2) mixing and laying, wherein the particle size of the vesuvianite is 6-10 mm, the particle size of the steel slag is 6-10 mm, and the particle size of the zeolite is 6-10 mm; the oyster shells are used after ball milling, and the particle size is 6-10 mm.
Preferably, the outer tank is of a fixed rectangular tank body structure and is formed by pouring sand-free concrete, and the wall thickness is 2 cm; the height of the inner groove is 20 cm; the photosensitive hydraulic rod is controlled to stretch by a solar cell panel and a light-operated circuit system which are arranged on the river bank. A first wire is arranged between the solar cell panel and the light-operated circuit system, and a second wire is arranged between the light-operated circuit system and the hydraulic rod and is buried in a bank slope. The plant-microorganism coupling body is formed by wrapping and winding emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants and efficient phosphorus-accumulating bacteria hollow spheres integrally by nylon nets in the plant seedling stage, and the efficient phosphorus-accumulating bacteria hollow spheres are formed by wrapping granular sludge taking efficient phosphorus-accumulating bacteria as dominant flora in quasi-hollow spheres; the granular sludge is prepared by granulating and culturing mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant by an SBR reactor until the grain size is 2-2.4 mm; the quasi-hollow sphere is a honeycomb structure with pores on the surface and formed by firing dried sludge, the wall thickness of the quasi-hollow sphere is 2-3 mm, and the particle size of the quasi-hollow sphere is 16-18 mm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the quasi-hollow sphere comprises the following steps:
(a) grinding and homogenizing, drying the dried sludge with the water content of 20-30%, magnetic siderite and bentonite to constant weight, preparing the dried sludge, the magnetic siderite and the bentonite into fine powder by using a ball mill, and respectively sieving the fine powder by using a 100-mesh sieve for later use;
(b) mixing and granulating, namely weighing 50-70% by mass of dried sludge, 10-15% by mass of magnetic siderite and 10-30% by mass of bentonite, uniformly mixing, adding 75% by mass of ethanol as a solvent, 0.55% by mass of a perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution as a binder and 40mmol/L of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a pore-forming agent, wherein the volume ratio of the solvent to the binder to the pore-forming agent is (6-8) to (1-2) to (0.5-1), and agglomerating the raw materials into a semi-honeycomb green blank with the wall thickness of 2-3 mm and the particle size of 10-12 mm by a casting method;
(c) drying raw materials, namely weighing raw material balls with certain mass, casting the raw material balls into hollow half honeycomb shapes, putting the raw material balls into an electrothermal blowing drying box, drying the raw material balls for 6 hours at 105 ℃, and sealing and storing the raw material balls for later use;
(d) raw material sintering, namely performing gradient heating calcination on half-honeycomb-shaped blanks, maintaining for 6 hours after the set sintering temperature reaches 850 ℃, and then stopping heating and cooling;
(e) cooling the clinker, cooling the clinker in a furnace to about 500 ℃ after heating, and taking out the sintered honeycomb body blank to cool to room temperature.
Preferably, the preparation step of the granular sludge comprises:
culturing granular sludge by using an SBR reactor, automatically controlling the operation of the SBR reactor by using a time program controller, and operating the SBR reactor at room temperature; inoculating sludge, namely mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant, wherein the average particle size is 75 microns, the SVI of the sludge is 35-70 mL/g, separating two strains of Bacillus brevis sp and Pseudomonas sp with the phosphorus removal rate of more than 90% from the sludge, and mixing the two strains according to the quantitative ratio of about 1:1 after pure culture to prepare the high-efficiency polyphosphate bacterial agent;
adding efficient phosphorus-accumulating bacteria into the reactor at the initial stage of granular sludge culture, and culturing the sludgeThe culture water adopts river water for treating river channels: CODCr 200～350mg/L、PO4 3--P 10～17mg/L、 NH4 +50-85 mg/L of-N, pH 7.5-7.8, and 10mg/L of Ca2+(ii) a The anaerobic and anoxic processes are realized by a stirrer with the rotating speed of 300 r.min-1The aerobic process is realized by aeration from the bottom by an air pump;
adopting A/O/A mode, the reaction period is 8h, the reactor is operated for 3 periods every day, the water discharge ratio of each period is 50%, and the DO value of the aerobic section is controlled to be 5.0 mg.L-1About, the anoxic zone is less than 5.0 mg.L-1The anaerobic section is less than 0.25 mg.L-1The running times of the different stages are respectively: feeding water for 5min, anaerobic for 180min, aerobic for 180min, anoxic for 90min, settling for 20min, and discharging water for 5 min;
after 24 days of culture, the granular sludge is gradually matured, and the grain size of the matured aerobic granular sludge is 1-1.2 mm.
Preferably, the ecological fish nest is a precast concrete block in a cuboid shape and an aquatic plant growth groove arranged on the precast concrete block, holes are formed in the left side, the right side, the front side and the rear side of the precast concrete block, holes are communicated with the inside of the precast concrete block, a third planting soil layer is laid in the aquatic plant growth groove, and water-resistant herbaceous plants are planted in the third planting soil layer.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the composite ecological bank protection structure enhances the phosphorus interception and purification capacity on the basis of comprehensively purifying non-point source pollutants, and is an effective means for treating the non-point source phosphorus pollution tail end in rural areas. The method adopts a plant-microorganism organic coupling mode, uses high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating bacteria and an enhanced filler layer to enhance the purification of phosphorus in non-point source pollutants, and has better treatment effect while having ecotype. Meanwhile, the planted bank protection plants also have certain ornamental value.
2) The invention designs double anti-blocking measures aiming at the filler purifying tank, can effectively improve the condition of blocking the filler of the sewage interception type ecological bank protection, and can ensure the long-term normal operation of the bank protection.
3) The plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purification tank is provided with the photosensitive hydraulic rod, the tank body is automatically lifted through photosensitive induction so as to control the oxygen condition required by the efficient phosphorus-accumulating bacteria, manual control operation is not needed, and the labor cost and the material cost are reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a composite ecological bank protection with a light-sensitive hydraulic rod extending;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a composite ecological revetment structure with a contracted photosensitive hydraulic rod;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a plant-microorganism coupling body.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The invention provides a composite ecological bank protection structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution, which is shown in figures 1-3, wherein a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. The invention provides an excellent improvement on the traditional phosphorus-accumulating bacteria dephosphorization process, overcomes the problem of oxygen condition required when the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria are used for bank protection, and is provided with a plant-microorganism coupling purification automatic oxygen control structure. Meanwhile, a double anti-blocking structure is arranged aiming at the problem of easy blocking of the filler matrix.
The composite ecological revetment can be divided into 4 parts, an ecological buffer tank, an anti-clogging filler purifying tank and a plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purifying tank are sequentially arranged along the slope surface to the water surface, and non-point source pollutants can be purified step by step through the three tank bodies, and particularly have a strong purifying effect on non-point source phosphorus pollution. In addition, the ecological fish nest and the stone cage anti-scouring structure are arranged in the waterside area, so that the stability of the revetment is enhanced, and meanwhile, a habitat and a shelter are provided for aquatic organisms.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, compound ecological revetment structure includes along domatic to the surface of water in proper order step by step reduces ecological dashpot 1 that sets up, prevents blockking up filler purification groove 2, plant-little biological oxygen control coupling purification groove 3, ecological fish nest 4 and gabion scour prevention structure 5, ecological dashpot 1 includes that top-down sets gradually water-fast wet vegetation layer 6, stagnant water layer 7, first planting soil horizon 8, coarse sand horizon 9, gravel layer 11, ecological dashpot 1 upper portion is equipped with overflow hole 13, outlet pipe 14 by overflow hole 13 stretches out to in preventing blockking up filler purification groove 2, prevent blockking up filler purification groove 2 and include vertical setting at the center of inslot center in the tank outlet tube 19, fill intensive dephosphorization filler layer 18 in the tank, set up overflow board 16 on the center dephosphorization filler layer outlet tube 19, set up hemisphere grid 15 on the overflow board 16 and lay in cut-off dirty net 17 on intensive dephosphorization outlet tube 18 The plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purification tank 3 comprises an outer tank 23, an inner tank 22 movably arranged in the outer tank 23, a photosensitive hydraulic rod 25 connecting the bottom in the outer tank 23 with the outer bottom of the inner tank 22, a second planting soil layer 24 laid in the inner tank 22 and a plant-microorganism coupling body 21 planted in the second planting soil layer 24; when the intensity of external light changes, the inner groove 22 moves vertically in the outer groove 23 along with the expansion and contraction of the photosensitive hydraulic rod 25.
Preferably, the first planting soil layer 8 is formed by mixing sand and loamy soil and is of a concave structure, the thickness of the middle soil is 15-25 cm, and the thickness of the two sides of the soil is 20-30 cm; the coarse sand layer 9 is made of sand with the particle size smaller than 5mm, and the thickness is 20-30 cm; the gravel layer 11 is composed of gravel with a particle size range of 5-20mm and has a thickness of 40-50 cm.
Further, the groove body 10 of the ecological buffer groove 1 is made of brick, sand-free concrete, glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon steel; the overflow hole 13 is arranged above the groove body 10 on one side far away from the top of the bank slope and is 5cm away from the planting soil, and the diameter of the overflow hole is 3 cm; and a first drainage hole 12 which is communicated with the anti-clogging filler purifying tank 2 and has the diameter of 3cm is formed at the position which is 10cm away from the bottom part below the tank body 10.
As shown in FIG. 1, the anti-clogging filler purifying tank 2 is close to the ecological buffer tank and has a secondary purifying structure. The water outlet pipe 14 extends out of the overflow hole of the buffer tank, and preferably, the water outlet pipe 14 is perpendicular to the center of the anti-clogging filler purifying tank 2 in a right angle shape. The central water outlet barrel 19 extends downwards into the bottom of the filling layer, the side wall is uniformly provided with holes, the aperture size is 0.5cm, and the diameter of the central water outlet barrel 19 is 4 cm. The overflow plate 16 is arranged on a central water outlet barrel 19, the upper part of the overflow plate 16 is provided with a hemispherical grating 15, and the hemispherical grating 15 is positioned under the water outlet pipe 14 and has the diameter of 5 cm. A nylon net with 100 meshes is paved above the reinforced phosphorus removal filler layer 18 to be used as a sewage interception net 17.
Preferably, the thickness of the reinforced phosphorus removal packing layer 18 is 60-80 cm, and the reinforced phosphorus removal packing layer is prepared from volcanic rock, steel slag, zeolite and oyster shell according to the mass ratio of (2-3): (1-2): (3-4): (1-2) mixing and laying, wherein the particle size of the vesuvianite is 6-10 mm, the particle size of the steel slag is 6-10 mm, and the particle size of the zeolite is 6-10 mm; the oyster shells are used after ball milling, and the particle size is 6-10 mm. The anti-clogging filler purifying tank 2 is provided with a second drain hole 20 which is communicated with the plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purifying tank 3 and has the diameter of 3cm at the position which is 10cm away from the bottom under the tank wall at one side far away from the ecological buffer tank 1. The anti-blocking filler purification tank 2 can be made of different materials such as brick, sand-free concrete, glass fiber reinforced plastic and carbon steel.
The material characteristics selected by the filler are as follows:
the volcanic rock is a porous stone with a specific surface area of 120m2More than g, and the porosity reaches 40 percent. The volcanic rock contains dozens of mineral substances and trace elements such as sodium, magnesium, aluminum and the like, and the substances can be used as active substances to perform ion exchange and chemical reaction with phosphate radicals, have strong adsorption capacity on pollutants and have beneficial effects on improving water quality.
The steel slag belongs to an alkaline base material, free calcium and magnesium oxides contained in the steel slag can be converted into hydroxide through reaction with water or moisture, the hydroxide can be neutralized with phosphate radicals, phosphorus removal is effectively realized, the steel slag has the physical characteristics of porosity, excellent adsorption effect and good reduction characteristic, pollutants in sewage can be effectively removed, and the phosphorus adsorption efficiency is high-quality and long-acting.
The zeolite has the advantages of good permeability, large specific surface area, rich sources and low price, and has the performances of adsorptivity, ion exchange property, catalysis, thermal stability, acid and alkali resistance and the like. The capability of denitrification and ammonia removal is strong, and the capability of removing phosphorus is due to strong adsorption capability. Has adsorption effect on lead, zinc, cadmium, nickel, copper, cesium, strontium, etc. in sewage. The performance of removing pollutants is stable and reliable, and the device has the function of comprehensively treating pollutants in water.
Oyster shell has rich natural hierarchical porous structure, and the main part is prismatic layer with pore size distribution of 1-10 microns, so that the oyster shell has lasting and effective adsorption capacity, exchange capacity and catalytic decomposition capacity, and the dephosphorizing efficiency is further improved.
The invention takes double anti-blocking measures aiming at the phenomenon that the filler is easy to block: firstly, water is introduced into a central water outlet barrel, a certain water level is formed in the central water outlet barrel, water pressure is utilized to increase water inlet load, jet flow is formed at holes in the inner wall of a guide barrel, and when the water level of a purification tank is low, surrounding fillers are directly washed, so that pollutants attached to the fillers are washed away; through the hydraulic impact effect, improve the inside hydrodynamic force process of packing layer, improve the condition of inside jam. When the water level is higher, vortex flow is formed in the water, so that pollutants on the filler cannot be stably attached to the filler, and blockage is prevented; and secondly, the overflow plate is arranged, so that the sewage erodes the filler at a certain speed, and pollutants can not be stably attached to the filler on the upper layer.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupled purification tank 3 is a third-stage purification structure in the close vicinity of the anti-clogging filler purification tank. The outer tank 23 is a fixed rectangular tank body structure and is formed by pouring sand-free concrete, and the wall thickness is 2 cm. And a third drain hole 26 which is communicated with the ecological fish nest 4 and has the diameter of 3cm is arranged below the outer tank 23 far away from the anti-clogging filler purification tank 2 and at a position 10cm away from the bottom of the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purification tank 3.
Photosensitive hydraulic stem 25 is located outer tank 23 bottom, and scalable length is 0.3m, can stretch out and draw back along with the external light condition. The bank is provided with a solar cell panel and a light-operated circuit system to control the hydraulic rod to stretch. A first lead is arranged between the solar cell panel and the light-operated circuit system, and a second lead is arranged between the light-operated circuit system and the hydraulic rod and is buried in a bank slope. The internal groove 22 is located above the photosensitive hydraulic rod 25 and can move up and down with the photosensitive hydraulic rod 25. The wall of the inner groove 22 is close to that of the outer groove 23, the bottom of the inner groove 22 is a second planting soil layer 24 with the thickness of 10cm, and the height of the inner groove is 20 cm.
As shown in fig. 3, the plant-microorganism coupling body 21 is formed by wrapping and winding emergent aquatic plants 28 and submerged plants 29 and hollow spheres 30 of high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating fungi integrally by nylon nets 31 at the plant seedling stage. The emergent aquatic plant 28 can be plant species with developed root system such as rhizoma Acori Calami, rhizoma Phragmitis, and rhizoma Iridis, and the submerged plant 29 can be banded algae such as small Argyrus, herba Picrasmae, and curly pondweed.
Preferably, the efficient phosphorus accumulating bacteria hollow sphere 30 is made by wrapping granular sludge with efficient phosphorus accumulating bacteria as dominant flora in a quasi-hollow sphere; the granular sludge is prepared by granulating and culturing mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant by an SBR reactor until the grain size is 2-2.4 mm; the hollow sphere-like body is a honeycomb structure with pores on the surface, which is formed by firing dried sludge, and the pores can allow air to enter and allow a nylon rope to pass through, thereby being convenient for fixation. The wall thickness of the quasi-hollow sphere is 2-3 mm, and the particle size is 16-18 mm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the quasi-hollow sphere comprises the following steps:
(a) grinding and homogenizing, drying the dried sludge with the water content of 20-30%, magnetic siderite and bentonite to constant weight, preparing the dried sludge, the magnetic siderite and the bentonite into fine powder by using a ball mill, and respectively sieving the fine powder by using a 100-mesh sieve for later use.
(b) Mixing and granulating, namely weighing 50-70% by mass of dried sludge, 10-15% by mass of magnetic siderite and 10-30% by mass of bentonite, uniformly mixing, adding 75% by mass of ethanol as a solvent, 0.55% by mass of a perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution as a binder and 40mmol/L of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a pore-forming agent, wherein the volume ratio of the solvent to the binder to the pore-forming agent is (6-8) to (1-2) to (0.5-1), and agglomerating the raw materials into a semi-honeycomb green blank with the wall thickness of 2-3 mm and the particle size of 10-12 mm by a casting method.
(c) The raw material is dried, a certain mass of raw material balls which are cast into hollow half-honeycomb shapes are weighed and placed into an electric heating air blast drying box, and the raw material balls are dried for 6 hours at 105 ℃ and are sealed for storage for later use.
(d) And (3) raw material sintering, namely performing gradient heating calcination on the half-honeycomb-shaped blank, maintaining for 6 hours after the half-honeycomb-shaped blank reaches the set sintering temperature of 850 ℃, and then stopping heating and cooling.
(e) Cooling the clinker, cooling the clinker in a furnace to about 500 ℃ after heating, and taking out the sintered honeycomb body blank to cool to room temperature.
Further, preferably, the preparation step of the granular sludge comprises:
culturing granular sludge by using an SBR reactor, automatically controlling the operation of the SBR reactor by using a time program controller, and operating the SBR reactor at room temperature; inoculating sludge, namely mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant, wherein the average particle size is 75 mu m, the SVI of the sludge is 35-70 mL/g, separating two strains of Bacillus brevis sp and Pseudomonas sp with the phosphorus removal rate of more than 90% from the sludge, and mixing the two strains according to the quantitative ratio of about 1:1 after pure culture to prepare the high-efficiency polyphosphate bacterial agent.
Adding a high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating bacterium agent into a reactor at the initial stage of granular sludge culture, wherein the sludge culture influent adopts river water for treating a river channel: CODCr 200～350mg/L、PO4 3--P 10～17mg/L、 NH4 +50-85 mg/L of-N, pH 7.5-7.8, and 10mg/L of Ca2+(ii) a The anaerobic and anoxic processes are realized by a stirrer with the rotating speed of 300 r.min-1The aerobic process is realized by aeration from the bottom by an air pump.
The A/O/A mode is adopted, and the reaction period is8h, operating for 3 cycles every day, wherein the water discharge ratio is 50% per cycle, and the DO value of the aerobic section is controlled to be 5.0 mg.L-1About, the anoxic zone is less than 5.0 mg.L-1The anaerobic section is less than 0.25 mg.L-1The running times of the different stages are respectively: feeding water for 5min, anaerobic for 180min, aerobic for 180min, anoxic for 90min, settling for 20min, and discharging water for 5 min.
After 24 days of culture, the granular sludge is gradually matured, and the grain size of the matured aerobic granular sludge is 2-2.4 mm.
In the most water-critical area and below the normal water level, an ecological fish nest 4 and a gabion anti-scouring structure 5 are arranged. Ecological fish nest 4 is in for the precast concrete piece and the setting of long 60cm, wide 50cm, the high cuboid shape of 30cm aquatic plant growth groove on the precast concrete piece, the precast concrete piece is controlled and the trompil in the front and back side four sides, and inside UNICOM's trompil, the aquatic plant growth groove is long 60cm, wide 50cm, high 10cm, and interior the third kind of laying plants soil layer 27, and 5cm is thick, the planting has water-logging resistant herbaceous plant in the third kind plants soil layer 27.
The operation process of the composite ecological bank protection structure is as follows:
surface runoff firstly flows into the ecological buffer tank, and the plant in the ecological buffer tank can carry out preliminary interception and absorption utilization to pollutants such as N, P and COD in the runoff, can intercept the bold pollutant in the ecological buffer tank simultaneously. The runoff intercepted by the plants flows downwards to the anti-clogging filler purification layer through the interception and filtration of the soil layer, the coarse sand layer and the gravel layer in sequence and the drain hole. The runoff further increases, and a part of runoff can be temporarily stored in the stagnant water layer, when the runoff surpassed the water storage capacity of stagnant water layer, flowed in through the overflow hole outlet pipe and prevented blockking up filler purification layer. The runoff passing through the buffer tank can effectively prevent the next-stage filler purification tank from being blocked, and primary purification of the surface source pollution is completed.
After the runoff flowing in through the overflow hole outlet pipe prevents blockking up filler purification groove, at first through the filter action of hemisphere type grid, with the separation of bold particulate matter on cutting dirty online, but later stage manual regular cleaning. The runoff filtered by the hemispherical grating flows into the central cylinder and is injected into the reinforced dephosphorization filler layer through the small holes under the action of water pressure. When the runoff is increased to exceed the capacity of the central cylinder, the runoff flows into the sewage interception net and the reinforced dephosphorization filler layer through overflow plates on two sides of the hemispherical grid. Runoff discharged from the drain hole of the ecological buffer tank also flows into the reinforced dephosphorization packing layer, a certain height difference exists between the drain hole and the dephosphorization packing layer, and the oxygen content of the packing layer can be increased when water flow enters the packing layer. The aerobic metabolism of the microorganisms in the filler layer is enhanced, which is beneficial to removing pollutants. The reinforced phosphorus removal filler layer can further reduce the N, P and COD content in the sewage when reacting with non-point source pollutants, and simultaneously enhances the removal strength of the phosphate.
The runoff purified by the enhanced dephosphorization filler layer is drained into the plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purification tank through a drain hole below the tank wall. The runoff is purified by the anti-clogging filler purifying tank, a large amount of toxic substances in the water are absorbed by the filler layer, the toxic action on the plant-microorganism coupling body in the next-stage purifying tank is reduced, and simultaneously, conditions are provided for the coupling body to better purify N, P and other pollutants.
After runoff is drained into the plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purification tank through a drain hole below the anti-clogging filler purification tank, when no light is emitted at night, the photosensitive hydraulic rod automatically contracts, the inner tank is lowered to a position 10cm below the normal water level through the action of the hydraulic rod, emergent aquatic plant roots and submerged plants have a respiratory effect, oxygen is consumed, the high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating bacteria hollow sphere is in an anaerobic environment, the high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating bacteria firstly release part of phosphorus under the anaerobic condition, ATP is synthesized at the same time, organic matters in sewage are absorbed, and the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria are accumulated in the body in a PHB form.
When the plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purification tank is illuminated in the daytime, the photosensitive hydraulic rod in the plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purification tank automatically extends, the inner tank is raised to be above the normal water level through the action of the hydraulic rod, at the moment, the hollow sphere of the high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating bacteria is in an aerobic environment, and under the aerobic condition, the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria metabolizes a large amount of organic matters, and meanwhile, excessively absorbs phosphorus in water and accumulates in the body to achieve the purpose of fixing phosphorus. Emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants can act on respiration to further promote the metabolism of pollutants.
When the hydraulic rod extends, the runoff water reaches the capacity of the inner groove and then overflows to the outer groove, and is discharged into a water body through the drain hole below the groove wall. When the hydraulic stem contracts, the inner groove, the outer groove and the river water body are communicated, and the purifying groove can purify the river water body.
Ecological fish nest and gabion scour prevention structure can improve the support ability and the stability of whole shore protection, provide shelter and habitat for benthos simultaneously. The plants on the top of the ecological fish nest can also promote the purification of pollutants.
The combination of the three groove bodies of the composite revetment progressively purifies layer by layer, and gradually reduces non-point source pollutants. The buffer tank reduces the large particles in the runoff, reduces the blockage problem of the particles in the runoff on the next-stage filler purification tank, and completes primary purification of the surface source pollution. The runoff is purified by the filler purifying tank, the surface source pollutants are further purified, a large amount of toxic substances in the water are adsorbed by the filler layer, the toxic action on the plant-microorganism coupling body in the next-stage purifying tank is reduced, and meanwhile, conditions are provided for the coupling body to better purify N, P and other pollutants. The combination sequence of the three tanks is not changeable, and the combined action enables the purifying effect of the surface source pollutants to be maximum.
The composite ecological bank protection structure enhances the phosphorus interception and purification capacity on the basis of comprehensively purifying non-point source pollutants, and is an effective means for treating the non-point source phosphorus pollution tail end in rural areas. The method adopts a plant-microorganism organic coupling mode, uses high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating bacteria and an enhanced filler layer to enhance the purification of phosphorus in non-point source pollutants, and has ecological property and better treatment effect. Meanwhile, the planted bank protection plants also have certain ornamental value.
The invention designs double anti-blocking measures aiming at the filler purifying tank, can effectively improve the condition of blocking the filler of the sewage interception type ecological bank protection, and can ensure the long-term normal operation of the bank protection.
The plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purification tank is provided with the photosensitive hydraulic rod, the tank body is automatically lifted through photosensitive induction so as to control the oxygen condition required by the efficient phosphorus-accumulating bacteria, manual control operation is not needed, and the labor cost and the material cost are reduced.
Example 1
Taking the vertical height of the bank slope to be implemented as 2.1m and the horizontal distance from the edge of the bank slope to the slope toe as 2m as an example, the composite ecological bank protection structure of the invention is further explained, and the bank slope to be implemented is positioned on the left side of the river channel.
As shown in figure 1, the composite ecological bank protection system aiming at rural non-point source phosphorus pollution comprises 4 parts, wherein the system comprises a 1 ecological buffer tank, a 2 anti-clogging filler purification tank, a 3 plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purification tank, a 4 ecological fish nest and a gabion anti-scouring structure which are closely connected and are sequentially reduced in height from a place far away from a river channel to a place close to the river channel.
1) Ecological buffer tank
As shown in figure 1, an ecological buffer groove with the width of 0.5m and the depth of 1m is dug at the junction of the top of the bank slope and the bank slope. The ecological buffer tank wall is formed by pouring sand-free concrete and is 2cm thick. And paving a gravel layer with the thickness of 40cm at the bottom of the ecological buffer tank, wherein the particle size of the gravel is 5-20 mm. And laying a coarse sand layer with the thickness of 30cm above the gravel layer, wherein the grain size of the gravel is less than 5 mm. And a planting soil layer is laid above the coarse sand layer, the planting soil layer is formed by mixing sand and loamy soil and is of a concave structure, the middle soil laying thickness is 15cm, and the two side soil laying thicknesses are 20 cm. The soil on both sides has a height difference of 15cm from the top of the bank slope. Planting soil layer with native plant as main water-proof plant, selecting perennial flower or herb with drought resistance, transient water-proof and developed root system as follows: iris, hemerocallis, and rhodiola. An overflow hole with the diameter of 3cm is arranged above the groove wall of the buffer groove on one side far away from the top of the bank slope and 5cm away from the planting soil, and a first drainage hole with the diameter of 3cm is arranged below the groove wall and 10cm away from the bottom.
2) Anti-clogging filler purifying tank
And excavating an anti-blocking filler purifying groove with the width of 0.5m and the depth of 0.8m at the position of the bank slope close to the ecological buffer groove, wherein the bottom of the anti-blocking filler purifying groove is 40cm lower than the bottom of the ecological buffer groove. The wall of the anti-blocking filler purification tank is formed by pouring sand-free concrete, and the thickness of the tank is 2 cm. And a drain hole with the diameter of 3cm is arranged at a position which is 10cm away from the bottom and below the groove wall of the anti-blocking filler purifying groove far away from one side of the buffer groove. And an enhanced dephosphorization filler layer with the thickness of 60cm is paved in the groove. The reinforced phosphorus removal packing layer is formed by mixing volcanic rock, steel slag, zeolite and oyster shell according to a certain mass ratio. The mass ratio of the volcanic rock: steel slag: zeolite: 2-3 of oyster shell: 1-2: 3-4: 1 to 2. The particle sizes of the vesuvianite, the steel slag, the zeolite and the oyster shell are controlled to be 6-10 mm. A layer of nylon net with 100 meshes is laid above the reinforced phosphorus removal packing layer to be used as a sewage interception net. A central cylinder with the diameter of 4cm is arranged in the center of the filler, the central cylinder extends downwards into the bottom of the filler layer, the height of the central cylinder is 65cm, holes are uniformly formed in the side walls, and the hole diameter is 0.5 cm. A hemispherical grating with the diameter of 5cm is arranged above the central cylinder. Overflow plates with the gradient of 60 degrees are arranged on two sides of the hemispherical grating. And a water outlet pipe with the pipe diameter of 3cm is arranged at the overflow hole of the buffer tank, and the water outlet pipe is a hemispherical grid which is perpendicular to the center of the filler purification tank in a right-angle shape.
3) Plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purification tank
And excavating a plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purification tank with the width of 0.5m and the depth of 0.8m at the position of the bank slope close to the anti-clogging filler purification tank. The wall of the outer groove is formed by pouring non-sand concrete, and the wall thickness is 2 cm. And a drain hole with the diameter of 3cm is arranged at a position which is 10cm away from the bottom part below the tank wall of the coupling purification tank outside the anti-blocking filler purification tank. The bottom of the outer tank is 55cm lower than the bottom of the anti-clogging filler purifying tank. A photosensitive hydraulic rod is arranged at the bottom of the outer groove, and the telescopic length of the hydraulic rod is 0.3 m. A solar cell panel and a light control circuit system are fixedly installed on a river bank, and a first lead is laid between the solar cell panel and the light control circuit system. And a second lead is laid between the light-operated circuit system and the hydraulic rod and is buried in the river bank slope. An inner precast concrete groove with the length of 1m, the width of 0.5m and the height of 0.2m is arranged above the hydraulic rod, and the groove wall of the inner groove is tightly close to the groove wall of the outer groove. The inner groove can move up and down along with the hydraulic rod, and when the hydraulic rod contracts, the top of the inner groove is just 10cm below the normal water level. When the hydraulic rod extends, the bottom of the inner groove body is 1-2 cm higher than the normal water level. A planting soil layer with thickness of 10cm is laid at the bottom of the inner tank, emergent aquatic plants such as rhizoma Acori Calami, rhizoma Arundinis Donacis, and rhizoma Iridis are planted on the emergent aquatic plants, and submerged plants such as small Ardisia crenata, herba Picrasmae, and curly pondweed are planted. Emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are wrapped and wound together with the hollow spheres of the high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating fungi by the nylon net to form a whole body for planting in the seedling stage of the plants, and the hollow spheres are provided with small holes through which the nylon net can penetrate, so that the fixing is facilitated. The efficient phosphorus-accumulating bacteria hollow sphere is formed by wrapping granular sludge taking efficient phosphorus-accumulating bacteria as dominant flora in a honeycomb-shaped hollow sphere. The high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating bacteria granular sludge is prepared by granulating and culturing mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant by an SBR reactor until the grain size is about 2-2.4 mm. The quasi-hollow sphere is a spherical structure with pores on the surface and formed by firing dried sludge. The wall thickness of the quasi-hollow sphere is 2-3 mm, and the particle size is 16-18 mm. The aperture size of the nylon net is 10-12 mm.
4) Ecological fish nest and gabion scour prevention structure
And excavating a groove which is 60cm long and 50cm wide and the bottom of which is 30cm lower than the bottom of the ecological buffer tank at the position of the bottom of the bank slope close to the anti-clogging filler purifying tank, and reinforcing and flattening the bottom of the groove and the river bottom at the junction with the bank slope by using a gabion. The groove is provided with a precast concrete ecological fish nest, the size of the precast ecological fish nest is 60cm in length, 50cm in width and 30cm in height, the left side, the right side and the front side of the precast ecological fish nest are provided with holes, and the interior of the precast ecological fish nest is communicated with the interior of the precast concrete ecological fish nest. An aquatic plant growth groove with the length of 60cm, the width of 50cm and the height of 10cm is arranged above the water storage tank. And laying a soil layer with the thickness of 5cm, and planting the flooding-resistant herbaceous plants in the soil layer. The top of the plant growing tank is positioned 10cm below the normal water level.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A compound ecological revetment structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution is characterized in that: include along domatic to the surface of water in proper order step by step reduce ecological dashpot (1) that sets up, prevent blockking up filler purification groove (2), plant-microorganism accuse oxygen coupling purification groove (3), ecological fish nest (4) and gabion scour prevention structure (5), ecological dashpot (1) includes that water-fast wet vegetable layer (6), stagnant water layer (7), first planting soil horizon (8), coarse sand layer (9), gravel layer (11) that top-down set gradually, ecological dashpot (1) upper portion is equipped with overflow hole (13), outlet pipe (14) by overflow hole (13) stretch out to in preventing blockking up filler purification groove (2), prevent blockking up filler purification groove (2) including vertical central play water barrel (19) that sets up at inslot center, fill in intensive type dephosphorization packing layer (18) of inslot, set up overflow board (16) on central play water barrel (19), The device comprises a hemispherical grid (15) arranged on an overflow plate (16) and a sewage interception net (17) paved on an enhanced phosphorus removal filler layer (18), wherein the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purification tank (3) comprises an outer tank (23), an inner tank (22) movably arranged in the outer tank (23), a photosensitive hydraulic rod (25) connecting the inner bottom of the outer tank (23) and the outer bottom of the inner tank (22), a second planting soil layer (24) paved in the inner tank (22) and a plant-microorganism coupling body (21) planted in the second planting soil layer (24);
when the intensity of external light changes, the inner groove (22) moves vertically in the outer groove (23) along with the expansion and contraction of the photosensitive hydraulic rod (25).
2. A composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: the upper surface of the ecological buffer tank (1) is of a concave structure, and a space formed by the upper surface of the concave structure and the space below the overflow hole (13) forms the water retaining layer (6).
3. A composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: the first planting soil layer (8) is formed by mixing sand and loamy soil and is of a concave structure, the thickness of the middle soil is 15-25 cm, and the thicknesses of the two sides of the soil are 20-30 cm; the coarse sand layer (9) is made of sand with the particle size smaller than 5mm, and the thickness is 20-30 cm; the gravel layer (11) is composed of gravels with the particle size range of 5-20mm, and the thickness is 40-50 cm.
4. The composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: the groove body (10) of the ecological buffer groove (1) is made of brick, sand-free concrete, glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon steel; the overflow hole (13) is arranged above the groove body (10) on one side far away from the top of the bank slope and 5cm away from the planting soil, and the diameter of the overflow hole is 3 cm; a first drainage hole (12) which is communicated with the anti-clogging filler purifying tank (2) and has the diameter of 3cm is arranged at the position which is 10cm away from the bottom part below the tank body (10); a second drain hole (20) which is communicated with the plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purification tank (3) and has the diameter of 3cm is formed in the position, which is 10cm away from the bottom, below the tank wall of the anti-clogging filler purification tank (2) on the side far away from the ecological buffer tank (1); and a third drain hole (26) which is communicated with the ecological fish nest (4) and has the diameter of 3cm is formed in the plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purification tank (3) below the outer tank (23) far away from the anti-blocking filler purification tank (2) and at a position 10cm away from the bottom.
5. A composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: outlet pipe (14) are right angle form perpendicular to prevent blockking up filler purification groove (2) center, hemisphere grid (15) are located outlet pipe (14) under, hemisphere grid (15) diameter 5 cm.
6. A composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the reinforced phosphorus removal packing layer (18) is 60-80 cm, and the reinforced phosphorus removal packing layer is prepared from volcanic rock, steel slag, zeolite and oyster shell according to the mass ratio of (2-3): (1-2): (3-4): (1-2) mixing and laying, wherein the particle size of the vesuvianite is 6-10 mm, the particle size of the steel slag is 6-10 mm, and the particle size of the zeolite is 6-10 mm; the oyster shells are used after ball milling, and the particle size is 6-10 mm.
7. A composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: the outer groove (23) is of a fixed rectangular groove body structure and is formed by pouring sand-free concrete, and the wall thickness is 2 cm; the height of the inner groove (22) is 20 cm; the plant-microorganism coupling body (21) is formed by wrapping and winding emergent aquatic plants (28) and submerged plants (29) and a high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating fungus hollow sphere (30) integrally by a nylon net (31) in a plant seedling stage, and the high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating fungus hollow sphere (30) is formed by wrapping granular sludge taking high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating fungus as a dominant flora in a quasi-hollow sphere; the granular sludge is prepared by granulating and culturing mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant by an SBR reactor until the grain size is 2-2.4 mm; the quasi-hollow sphere is a honeycomb structure with pores on the surface and formed by firing dried sludge, the wall thickness of the quasi-hollow sphere is 2-3 mm, and the particle size of the quasi-hollow sphere is 16-18 mm.
8. A composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 7, wherein: the preparation method of the quasi-hollow sphere comprises the following steps:
(a) grinding and homogenizing, drying the dried sludge with the water content of 20-30%, magnetic siderite and bentonite to constant weight, preparing the dried sludge, the magnetic siderite and the bentonite into fine powder by using a ball mill, and respectively sieving the fine powder by using a 100-mesh sieve for later use;
(b) mixing and granulating, namely weighing 50-70% by mass of dried sludge, 10-15% by mass of magnetic siderite and 10-30% by mass of bentonite, uniformly mixing, adding 75% by mass of ethanol as a solvent, 0.55% by mass of a perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution as a binder and 40mmol/L of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a pore-forming agent, wherein the volume ratio of the solvent, the binder and the pore-forming agent is (6-8) to (1-2) to (0.5-1), and agglomerating the raw materials into a semi-honeycomb green blank with the wall thickness of 2-3 mm and the particle size of 10-12 mm by a casting mold method;
(c) drying raw materials, namely weighing a certain mass of raw material balls which are cast into hollow half-honeycomb shapes, putting the raw material balls into an electric heating air blast drying box, drying the raw material balls for 6 hours at 105 ℃, and sealing and storing the raw material balls for later use;
(d) sintering raw materials, namely performing gradient heating calcination on half-honeycomb-shaped blanks, maintaining for 6 hours after the set sintering temperature is reached to 850 ℃, and then stopping heating and cooling;
(e) cooling the clinker, cooling the clinker in a furnace to about 500 ℃ after heating, and taking out the sintered honeycomb body blank to cool to room temperature.
9. A composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 7, wherein: the preparation steps of the granular sludge comprise:
culturing granular sludge by using an SBR reactor, automatically controlling the operation of the SBR reactor by using a time program controller, and operating the SBR reactor at room temperature; inoculating sludge, namely mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant, wherein the average particle size is 75 microns, the SVI of the sludge is 35-70 mL/g, separating two strains of Bacillus brevis sp and Pseudomonas sp with the phosphorus removal rate of more than 90% from the sludge, and mixing the two strains according to the quantitative ratio of about 1:1 after pure culture to prepare the high-efficiency polyphosphate bacterial agent;
adding a high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating bacterium agent into a reactor at the initial stage of granular sludge culture, wherein the sludge culture influent adopts river water for treating a river channel: CODCr 200～350mg/L、PO4 3--P 10～17mg/L、NH4 +50-85 mg/L of-N, pH 7.5-7.8, and 10mg/L of Ca2+(ii) a The anaerobic and anoxic processes are realized by a stirrer with the rotating speed of 300 r.min-1The aerobic process is realized by aeration from the bottom by an air pump;
adopting A/O/A mode, the reaction period is 8h, the reactor runs for 3 periods every day, the water discharge ratio of each period is 50%, and the DO value of the aerobic section is controlled to be 5.0 mg.L-1About, the anoxic zone is less than 5.0 mg.L-1The anaerobic section is less than 0.25 mg.L-1The running times of the different phases are respectively: feeding water for 5min, anaerobic for 180min, aerobic for 180min, anoxic for 90min, settling for 20min, and discharging water for 5 min;
after 24 days of culture, the granular sludge is gradually matured, and the grain size of the matured aerobic granular sludge is 2-2.4 mm.
10. A composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: ecological fish nest (4) are the precast concrete piece of cuboid shape and set up aquatic plant growth groove on the precast concrete piece, about the precast concrete piece and the trompil in front and back side four sides, inside UNICOM's trompil, aquatic plant growth inslot has laid the third kind and has planted soil horizon (27), plant resistant waterlogging herbaceous plant in soil horizon (27) for the third kind.
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| CN115198696A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-18 | 中国葛洲坝集团第一工程有限公司 | Filling type ecological retaining wall structure and construction method thereof |
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| CN103132485A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-06-05 | 南京大学 | External water interception and purification type urban river multi-element ecological embankment physical structural system |
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