CN114590139B - Range-extending type electric automobile waste heat recovery power generation device combined with organic Rankine cycle - Google Patents

Range-extending type electric automobile waste heat recovery power generation device combined with organic Rankine cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114590139B
CN114590139B CN202210265983.6A CN202210265983A CN114590139B CN 114590139 B CN114590139 B CN 114590139B CN 202210265983 A CN202210265983 A CN 202210265983A CN 114590139 B CN114590139 B CN 114590139B
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battery pack
converter
range
rankine cycle
power generation
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CN114590139A (en
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杨安人
张红光
杨富斌
许永红
杨一帆
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F01N5/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat the device being thermoelectric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B61/00—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing
    • F02B61/02—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving cycles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

An extended range electric automobile waste heat recovery power generation device combining organic Rankine cycle belongs to the field of energy conservation and emission reduction of internal combustion engines. According to the operation characteristics of the range extender in the range-extending electric automobile and the energy requirements of the storage battery and the whole automobile, the operation logic and the current direction of the organic Rankine cycle system are determined, and the waste heat of the engine in the range extender is recovered by the organic Rankine cycle device as fully as possible to generate electric energy, so that the overall energy utilization rate of the whole automobile is improved.

Description

Range-extending type electric automobile waste heat recovery power generation device combined with organic Rankine cycle
Technical Field
The invention relates to a range-extended electric automobile waste heat recovery power generation device combined with an organic Rankine cycle, and belongs to the field of energy conservation and emission reduction of internal combustion engines.
Background
The import dependence of China on petroleum rises year by year, and the use of traditional fossil energy sources is aggravating environmental pollution year by year. In response to green development calls, development of new energy has become a consensus for various industries. In the field of automobiles, the range-extended electric automobile is a hybrid electric automobile and has wide application prospect and time significance at the present stage. However, in terms of energy utilization, when an engine in an extended range electric automobile works, less than 40% of the heat energy of fuel can be converted into mechanical work, and a large part of the rest energy is discharged in the form of heat through a cylinder sleeve and exhaust gas. If the heat in the waste gas can be recycled, the energy utilization rate of the fuel can be improved, the efficiency of the range extender is further improved, and the driving mileage of the whole vehicle is prolonged.
The organic Rankine cycle utilizes liquid organic substances as working media, has good heat transfer performance, and can efficiently utilize heat of a high-temperature heat source to output mechanical work. The high-temperature tail gas generated in the working process of the engine in the range extender passes through an evaporator in the organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery power generation device, and heat is transferred to an organic working medium in the evaporator; the working medium absorbing heat performs mechanical work in the expander; the expander is coupled with the generator, and mechanical work output by the expander is converted into electric energy in the generator and can be recycled by a battery pack in the automobile; after working, the working medium is cooled by a condenser, and then the working medium is sent into an evaporator again by a working medium pump to form a complete circulation process; the outdoor air temperature is low in winter and tends to be lower than the working temperature of the battery pack, and the actual available capacity of the battery pack is smaller than the nominal capacity at the moment, so that the driving mileage of the whole vehicle is reduced; after the exhaust gas passes through the evaporator of the organic Rankine cycle, a portion of the heat may be used to heat the battery pack so that the battery pack maintains an operating temperature during winter; in the severe cold region, the temperature is extremely low in winter, the engine is difficult to start, a heat accumulator is used for collecting and preserving the heat of the cooling liquid in the running process of part of the engine, and the cooling liquid is released back into a cooling liquid loop during cold start so as to start the engine. The super capacitor has the advantages of high specific power and long cycle life, and is suitable for frequent charge and discharge scenes. Because the output of the organic Rankine cycle power generation can be influenced by the temperature of a heat source, the phenomenon of unstable output is easily caused, and the super capacitor can be used for receiving electric energy by combining the super capacitor with the energy storage mechanism of the battery pack under partial working conditions, so that the effect of protecting the battery pack is achieved to a certain extent, and the service life of the battery pack can be prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a device for generating power by utilizing the waste heat of an engine in an organic Rankine cycle recovery range extender.
According to the operation characteristics of the range extender in the range-extending electric automobile and the energy requirements of the storage battery and the whole automobile, the operation logic and the current direction of the organic Rankine cycle system are determined, and the waste heat of the engine in the range extender is recovered by the organic Rankine cycle device as fully as possible to generate electric energy, so that the overall energy utilization rate of the whole automobile is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
the range-extending type electric automobile waste heat recovery power generation device combined with the organic Rankine cycle is characterized in that:
comprising the following steps: the solar energy heat pump comprises a range extender (1), a water pump (2), a first plate heat exchanger (3), a battery pack (4), a second plate heat exchanger (5), a thermostat (6), a low-temperature radiator (7), a high-temperature radiator (8), a heat radiation fan (9), an evaporator (10), an expander (11), a generator (12), a condenser (13), a working medium pump (14), a first DC/AC converter (15), a first diode (16), a second diode (17), a second DC/AC converter (18), a driving motor (19), an air inlet (20), a first electronic three-way valve (21), an air outlet (22), a bypass valve (23), a heat accumulator (27), a heat accumulation water pump (28), a second electronic three-way valve (29), a third diode (30), a DC/DC converter (31), a super capacitor (32) and a switch (33);
the range extender (1) comprises: an engine (24), a coolant diverter valve (25), a range-extending generator (26) and a pipeline and a circuit for connecting the devices;
the connection relation among all the components of the extended range type electric vehicle waste heat recovery power generation device combined with the organic Rankine cycle is as follows:
one end of the range extender (1) is connected with one end of the water pump (2) and one end of the first DC/AC converter (15), one end of the range extender is connected with the same end of the low-temperature radiator (7) and the high-temperature radiator (8) and one end of the second plate heat exchanger (5), and the other end of the range extender is connected with the bypass valve (23);
the water pump (2) is connected with an a port of the second electronic three-way valve (29); one end of a heat storage water pump (28) is connected with a c port of a second electronic three-way valve (29), and the other end of the heat storage water pump is connected with a heat accumulator (27); the port b of the second electronic three-way valve (29) is connected with the port A of the first electronic three-way valve (21), and the port C of the first electronic three-way valve (21) is connected with one end of the second plate heat exchanger (5);
one end of the first plate heat exchanger (3) is connected with the port B of the first electronic three-way valve (21) and one end of the evaporator (10), and the other end is connected with the exhaust port (22) and one end of the battery pack (4);
one end of the battery pack (4) is connected with one end of the first plate heat exchanger (3), one end of the battery pack is connected with one end of the switch (33), one end of the battery pack is connected with one end of the second plate heat exchanger (5), and the other end of the battery pack is connected with the second DC/AC converter (18);
one end of the second plate heat exchanger (5) is connected with the battery pack (4) and the air inlet (20), and the other end is connected with one end of the thermostat (6) and one end of the range extender (1);
the other end of the thermostat (6) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the low-temperature radiator (7), and the other path is connected with the high-temperature radiator (8);
the heat radiation fan (9) is arranged behind the high-temperature radiator (8);
one end of the evaporator (10) is connected with one end of the bypass valve (23) and one end of the expander (11), and the other end is connected with one end of the first plate heat exchanger (3) and one end of the working medium pump (14);
an output shaft of the expander (11) is connected with an input shaft of the generator (12), the other end of the expander is connected with the condenser (13), the other end of the generator (12) is connected with an anode of the second diode (17), and the other end of the condenser (13) is connected with the working medium pump (14);
the cathode of the second diode (17) is connected with the anode of the first diode (16) and the cathode of the third diode (30);
one end of the first DC/AC converter (15) is connected with the cathode of the first diode (16) and one end of the range extender (1), the other end of the first DC/AC converter is connected with one end of the switch (33) and one end of the super capacitor (32), and the other end of the super capacitor (32) is connected with the DC/DC converter (31);
one end of the second DC/AC converter (18) is connected with one end of the battery pack (4) and the DC/DC converter (31), and the other end of the second DC/AC converter is connected with the anode of the third diode (30);
the driving motor (19) is connected with the cathode of the third diode (30);
one end of a coolant flow dividing valve (25) is connected with an engine (24) and the other end is connected with a range-extending generator (26) in the range extender (1), and an output shaft of the engine (24) is connected with an input shaft of the range-extending generator (26);
the battery pack (4) has a temperature monitoring function, and the battery pack is regarded as having a heating requirement when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃, otherwise, the battery pack has no heating requirement; the driving motor (19) and the generator (12) are both alternating current motors, and the driving motor (19) has a braking energy recovery function;
in the range extender (1), the cooling liquid flows through a liquid split valve (25) and is respectively led to a cylinder sleeve of an engine (24) and a range-extending generator (26) shell, and flows through the engine (24) and the range-extending generator (26) respectively and then is converged and flows out.
The inner layer of the heat accumulator (27) is made of a material with a heat conductivity coefficient of 0.05W/(m.K) at 100 ℃ and can store cooling liquid.
The working principle of the heat storage branch in the cooling liquid loop is as follows: the outdoor air temperature is low in winter, the engine in severe cold areas is difficult to start, in the running process of the vehicle, the port a and the port c of the second electronic three-way valve (29) are communicated, the port b is closed, part of cooling liquid flowing out of the engine (24) flows through the second electronic three-way valve (29) and reversely flows through the heat storage water pump (28) to be stored in the heat storage device (27), the port a and the port b of the second electronic three-way valve (29) are communicated after the heat storage device (27) is fully stored, the port c is closed, and the cooling liquid normally circulates; and when the engine is started next time, the port c and the port b of the second electronic three-way valve (29) are communicated, the port a is closed, and the heat storage water pump (28) pumps the cooling liquid in the heat storage device (27) back into the cooling loop so as to start the engine (24).
The working principle of the extended range type electric vehicle waste heat recovery power generation device combining the organic Rankine cycle is as follows: after the range extender (1) is started, waste gas exhausted from the cylinder flows through the evaporator (10) and exchanges heat with organic working medium in the evaporator (10); the organic working medium flows out of the evaporator (10) and then enters the expander (11) to expand and do work; after the organic working medium finishes doing work, the organic working medium flows into a condenser (13) for cooling and depressurization, then is introduced into a working medium pump (14) for pressurizing and is introduced into an evaporator (10) for continuous heat exchange to form a cycle; the waste gas flows out of the evaporator (10) and then enters the first plate heat exchanger (3), if the battery pack (4) has a heating requirement, the port A and the port B of the first electronic three-way valve (21) are communicated, the port C is closed, the waste gas exchanges heat with the cooling liquid flowing through the first electronic three-way valve (21) in the first plate heat exchanger (3), the heated cooling liquid flows through the battery pack (4) to heat the battery pack, and the cooling liquid flows into the second plate heat exchanger (5) to exchange heat with fresh air from the air inlet (20) after flowing out of the battery pack (4), and the air inlet is preheated; if the battery pack (4) has no heating requirement, the port A and the port C of the first electronic three-way valve (21) are communicated, the port B is closed, and the cooling liquid pumped by the water pump (2) flows through the first electronic three-way valve (21) to enter the second plate heat exchanger (5) to preheat fresh air intake; the waste gas flows through the first plate heat exchanger (3) and is discharged to the external environment through the exhaust port (22); the preheated fresh air is sent into a combustion chamber of an engine in the range extender (1); cooling liquid flows out of the second plate heat exchanger (5) and then enters the thermostat (6), if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than the threshold value of the thermostat (6), namely 85 ℃, the cooling liquid is sent into the high-temperature radiator (8) to be cooled by using the cooling fan (9), and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than the threshold value of the thermostat (6), the cooling liquid is sent into the low-temperature radiator (7) to be cooled by wind cooling; the cooling liquid flowing through the high-temperature radiator (8) or the low-temperature radiator (7) flows into the cooling liquid inlet of the range extender (1) to continue radiating for the cylinder sleeve; the electric energy generated by the generator (12) can reach the driving motor (19) directly through the second diode (17) or can reach the first DC/AC converter (15) through the first diode (16); the electric energy generated by the operation of the range extender (1) reaches the first DC/AC converter (15) through a circuit; during braking, the braking energy recovered by the driving motor (19) is converted into electric energy to reach the first DC/AC converter (15); after the three electric energy reaches the first DC/AC converter (15), the three electric energy can be conveyed into the battery pack (4) when the switch (33) is closed, and can also be conveyed into the super capacitor (32) when the switch (33) is opened; the electric energy released by the super capacitor (32) is provided for the driving motor (19) through the DC/DC converter (31) and the second DC/AC converter (18) in sequence; the electric energy released by the battery pack (4) is supplied to the driving motor (19) through the second DC/AC converter (18);
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, different distribution paths of the current generated by the waste heat recovery and power generation of the organic Rankine cycle are provided, and the electric energy generated by the expander driving the generator can be stored in the energy storage equipment for subsequent use and can be directly provided for the driving motor, so that the function of assisting the energy storage equipment in supplying power is achieved, the high-power discharge of the battery pack can be reduced, the battery pack is protected to a certain extent, and the service life of the battery pack is prolonged.
2. According to the invention, a heating mode of the battery pack in winter is provided, after part of waste gas energy is consumed in the evaporator, the rest part can exchange heat with the range extender cooling liquid, the battery is used for heating, the temperature of the cooling liquid can be increased, and the warming-up process of the range extender is accelerated.
3. The invention provides an electronic three-way valve which is used as a heating switch of a battery pack, and whether the battery pack is heated or not is controlled by different conduction modes of the electronic three-way valve.
4. The invention provides the energy storage device with the battery pack combined with the super capacitor, the super capacitor has the advantage of larger power, and the cycle life is long, so that the battery pack can be assisted in power supply during high-power discharge, the high-power discharge of the battery pack is reduced, and meanwhile, the super capacitor is used for preferentially receiving the electric energy when the energy storage device receives the electric energy, the charge and discharge times of the battery pack are reduced, and the effect of protecting the battery pack is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a range-extending electric vehicle waste heat recovery power generation device combining organic Rankine cycle
In the figure: 1. a range extender; 2. a water pump; 3. a first plate heat exchanger; 4. a battery pack; 5. a second plate heat exchanger; 6. a thermostat; 7. a low temperature heat sink; 8. a high temperature heat sink; 9. a heat radiation fan; 10. an evaporator; 11. an expander; 12. a generator; 13. a condenser; 14. a working medium pump; 15. a first DC/AC converter; 16. a first diode; 17. a second diode; 18. a second DC/AC converter; 19. a driving motor; 20. an air inlet; 21. a first electronic three-way valve; 22. an exhaust port; 23. a bypass valve; 27. a heat accumulator; 28. a heat storage water pump; 29. a second electronic three-way valve; 30. a third diode; 31. a DC/DC converter; 32. a super capacitor; 33. and (3) a switch.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the range extender of the range-extending electric vehicle
In the figure: 24. an engine; 25. a coolant diverter valve; 26. and a range-extended generator.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1: the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the range extender waste heat recovery power generation device utilizing the organic rankine cycle mainly comprises an organic rankine cycle waste heat recovery power generation system, a range extender air inlet and outlet passage system, a range extender cooling liquid circulation system and a driving motor power supply system.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1. a range extender; 2. a water pump; 3. a first plate heat exchanger; 4. a battery pack; 5. a second plate heat exchanger; 6. a thermostat; 7. a low temperature heat sink; 8. a high temperature heat sink; 9. a heat radiation fan; 10. an evaporator; 11. an expander; 12. a generator; 13. a condenser; 14. a working medium pump; 15. a first DC/AC converter; 16. a first diode; 17. a second diode; 18. a second DC/AC converter; 19. a driving motor; 20. an air inlet; 21. a first electronic three-way valve; 22. an exhaust port; 23. a bypass valve; 27. a heat accumulator; 28. a heat storage water pump; 29. a second electronic three-way valve; 30. a third diode; 31. a DC/DC converter; 32. a super capacitor; 33. and (3) a switch.
The interior of the range extender (1) is shown in fig. 2.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: 24. an engine; 25. a coolant diverter valve; 26. and a range-extended generator.
The organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery power generation system comprises: an evaporator (10), an expander (11), a generator (12), a condenser (13), a working medium pump (14) and a pipeline through which working medium flows.
The range extender air inlet and outlet passage system comprises: the device comprises an air inlet (20), a second plate heat exchanger (5), a range extender (1), an evaporator (10), a first plate heat exchanger (3) and an air outlet (22).
The range extender cooling liquid circulation system comprises: the heat pump comprises a range extender (1), a water pump (2), a first electronic three-way valve (21), a first plate heat exchanger (3), a battery pack (4), a second plate heat exchanger (5), a thermostat (6), a low-temperature radiator (7), a high-temperature radiator (8), a heat radiation fan (9), a heat accumulator (27), a heat accumulation water pump (28) and a pipeline through which cooling liquid flows.
The driving motor power supply system includes: the device comprises a range extender (1), a battery pack (4), a generator (12), a first diode (16), a second diode (17), a first DC/AC converter (15), a second DC/AC converter (18), a driving motor (19), a third diode (30), a DC/DC converter (31), a super capacitor (32), a switch (33), a circuit for connecting the components and a circuit for connecting the components.
The connection relation among all the components of the organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery power generation system is as follows: the working medium outlet of the evaporator (10) is connected with the working medium inlet of the expander (11); an output shaft of the expander (11) is connected with an input shaft of the generator (12); a working medium inlet of the condenser (13) is connected with a working medium outlet of the expander (11), and the working medium outlet is connected with an inlet of the working medium pump (14); the outlet of the working medium pump (14) is connected with the working medium inlet of the evaporator (10).
The connection relation among all the components of the range extender air inlet and outlet passage system is as follows: the air inlet (20) is connected with an air inlet of the second plate heat exchanger (5); an air inlet of the range extender (1) is connected with an air outlet of the second plate heat exchanger (5), and an air outlet is connected with an exhaust gas inlet of the evaporator (10); a bypass valve (23) is arranged at the waste gas inlet of the evaporator (10) and bypasses the waste gas to the waste gas outlet of the evaporator (10); the exhaust gas inlet of the first plate heat exchanger (3) is connected with the exhaust gas outlet of the evaporator (10), and the exhaust gas outlet is connected with the exhaust port (22).
The connection relation among all the components of the range extender cooling liquid circulation system is as follows: the cooling liquid flows through a cooling liquid outlet of the process increasing device (1) and enters a water pump (2); the water pump (2) is connected with an a port of the second electronic three-way valve (29); the pump outlet of the heat storage water pump (28) is connected with the c port of the second electronic three-way valve (29), and the pump inlet is connected with the heat accumulator (27); the port b of the second electronic three-way valve (29) is connected with the port A of the first electronic three-way valve (21); the port B of the first electronic three-way valve (21) is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the first plate heat exchanger (3), and the port C is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the second plate heat exchanger (5); after flowing out of the second plate heat exchanger (5), the cooling liquid can flow to the low-temperature radiator (7) and the high-temperature radiator (8) respectively through the thermostat (6); the outlet ends of the low-temperature radiator (7) and the high-temperature radiator (8) are connected and connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the range extender (1).
The air inlet and the air outlet of the range extender (1) correspond to the air inlet and the air outlet of the engine (24); in the range extender (1), the cooling liquid flows through a liquid split valve (25) and is respectively led to a cylinder sleeve of an engine (24) and a range-extending generator (26) shell, and flows through the engine (24) and the range-extending generator (26) respectively and then is converged and flows out.
The connection relation among all the components of the driving motor power supply system is as follows: the output end of the generator (12) is connected with the anode of the second diode (17); the cathode of the second diode (17) is connected with the anode of the first diode (16) and the power supply end of the driving motor (19); the cathode of the first diode (16) is connected with the alternating current end of the first DC/AC converter (15), and the direct current end of the first DC/AC converter (15) is connected with the switch (33) and the super capacitor (32); one end of the DC/DC converter (31) is connected with the super capacitor (32), and the other end of the DC/DC converter is connected with the direct current end of the second DC/AC converter (18); the other end of the switch (33) is connected with the battery pack (4); the current outlet of the battery pack (4) is connected with the direct current end of the second DC/AC converter (18); the alternating current end of the second DC/AC converter (18) is connected with the anode of the third diode (30); the cathode of the third diode (30) is connected with the power supply end of the driving motor (19); the current outlet of the range extender (1) is connected with the alternating current end of the first DC/AC converter (15).
The working principle of the heat storage branch in the coolant loop is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the inner layer of the heat accumulator (27) is made of a material with a heat conductivity coefficient of 0.05W/(m.K) at 100 ℃ and can store cooling liquid.
In winter, the outdoor air temperature is low, the engine in severe cold areas is difficult to start, in the running process of the vehicle, the port a and the port c of the second electronic three-way valve (29) are communicated, the port b is closed, part of cooling liquid flowing out of the engine (24) flows through the second electronic three-way valve (29) and reversely flows through the heat storage water pump (28) to be stored in the heat storage device (27), after the heat storage device (27) is fully stored, the port a and the port b of the second electronic three-way valve (29) are communicated, the port c is closed, and the cooling liquid circulates normally; and when the engine is started next time, the port c and the port b of the second electronic three-way valve (29) are communicated, the port a is closed, and the heat storage water pump (28) pumps the cooling liquid in the heat storage device (27) back into the cooling loop so as to start the engine (24).
The working principle of the waste heat recovery power generation device utilizing the range extender of the organic Rankine cycle is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the range extender (1) adopts a two-point control strategy based on rules, and comprises the following specific contents: after the characteristic curves of the engines in the range extender (1) are calibrated, two engine working points are determined according to the optimal oil consumption curve, and the two engine working points are respectively a high-speed working point and a low-speed working point; when the range extender (1) is started, if the required power of the driving motor (19) is lower than 40% of the peak power, the engine (24) in the range extender (1) works at a low-rotation-speed working point; if the required power of the driving motor (19) is higher than 40% of the peak power, the engine (24) in the range extender (1) works at a high-rotation-speed working point; the ratio of the demanded power to the peak power is the stroke ratio of the accelerator pedal of the cab.
The battery pack (4) has a temperature monitoring function, the driving motor (19) and the generator (12) are both alternating current motors, and the driving motor (19) has a braking energy recovery function.
The evaporator (10) does not exchange heat when the range extender (1) is not in operation, and the working medium pump (14) stops operating when the range extender (1) is not in operation.
The outdoor air temperature is low in winter, the range extender (1) is started after the vehicle is started, and waste gas exhausted from the cylinder of the engine (24) flows through the evaporator (10) to exchange heat with the organic working medium in the evaporator (10); the organic working medium flows out of the evaporator (10) and then enters the expander (11) to expand and do work; at the moment, if the SOC of the battery pack (4) is more than or equal to 95%, the expander (11) idles and does not output mechanical work, if the SOC of the battery pack (4) is less than 95%, the organic work pushes the expander (11) to do work, the generator (12) converts the mechanical energy into electric energy, and the electric energy is stored in the battery pack (4) through the first diode (16) and the first DC/AC converter (15); the waste gas flows into the first plate heat exchanger (3) after flowing out of the evaporator (10), the port A and the port B of the first electronic three-way valve (21) are communicated, the port C is closed, the cooling liquid is pressurized by the water pump (2) and then enters the first plate heat exchanger (3) to absorb waste gas waste heat through the first electronic three-way valve (21), then enters the heating battery pack (4) in the cooling loop of the battery pack (4), and the cooling liquid flows into the second plate heat exchanger (5) after flowing out of the cooling liquid outlet of the battery pack (4), so that fresh air from the air inlet (20) is preheated; after the temperature monitoring in the battery pack (4) judges that the temperature reaches 20 ℃, the port A and the port C of the first electronic three-way valve (21) are conducted, the port B is closed, heating is stopped, cooling liquid flows into the second plate heat exchanger (5) through the first electronic three-way valve (21), and otherwise, heating is continued.
The preheated fresh air is sent into a combustion chamber of an engine (24) in the range extender (1); cooling liquid flows out of the second plate heat exchanger (5) and then enters the thermostat (6), if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than the threshold value of the thermostat (6), namely 85 ℃, the cooling liquid is sent into the high-temperature radiator (8) to be cooled by using the cooling fan (9), and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than the threshold value of the thermostat (6), the cooling liquid is sent into the low-temperature radiator (7) to be cooled by wind cooling; the cooling liquid flowing through the high-temperature radiator (8) or the low-temperature radiator (7) flows into the cooling liquid inlet of the range extender (1) to continue to radiate heat for the cylinder sleeve.
In the running process, if the SOC of the battery pack (4) is lower than 40%, the range extender (1) starts power generation; under the condition that the required power of the driving motor (19) is less than 40% of the peak power, the engine (24) in the range extender (1) works at a low-rotation-speed working point, the energy of waste gas is low, the recovery value is low, and the waste gas passes through the bypass valve (23) and flows through the first plate heat exchanger (3) and then is directly discharged into the external environment through the exhaust port (22); if the required power of the driving motor (19) is greater than 40% of the peak power, the waste gas flows through the evaporator (10) to exchange heat with the organic working medium, the organic working medium flows into the condenser (13) to be cooled and depressurized after completing the work in the expander (11), and then is introduced into the working medium pump (14) to be pressurized and introduced into the evaporator (10) for continuous heat exchange to form a cycle; the exhaust gas flows through the first plate heat exchanger (3) and is discharged to the external environment through the exhaust port (22).
When the power required by the driving motor (19) is more than 70%, the electric energy generated by the generator (12) directly reaches the driving motor (19) through the second diode (17), and when the SOC of the super capacitor (32) is more than 30%, the super capacitor (32) participates in discharging, and the electric energy sequentially passes through the DC/DC converter (31) and the second DC/AC converter (18) to reach the driving motor (19); if the SOC of the super capacitor (32) is less than 30%, the super capacitor does not participate in discharging; when the required power of the driving motor (19) is more than 40% and less than 70%, the electric energy generated by the generator (12) is transmitted to the first DC/AC converter (15); the electric energy generated by the operation of the range extender (1) is transmitted to the first DC/AC converter (15); in the braking process, the braking energy recovered by the driving motor (19) is converted into electric energy and is transmitted to the first DC/AC converter (15); after the three parts of electric energy reach the first DC/AC converter (15), if the SOC of the super capacitor (32) is not less than 95%, the switch (33) is closed, and the electric energy is transmitted into the battery pack (4); if the SOC of the super capacitor (32) is smaller than 95%, the switch (33) is turned off, and electric energy is transmitted into the super capacitor (32); the electric energy discharged from the battery pack (4) is supplied to the drive motor (19) through the second DC/AC converter (18).

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a range-extending electric automobile waste heat recovery power generation facility that combines organic rankine cycle which characterized in that:
comprising the following steps: the solar energy heat pump comprises a range extender (1), a water pump (2), a first plate heat exchanger (3), a battery pack (4), a second plate heat exchanger (5), a thermostat (6), a low-temperature radiator (7), a high-temperature radiator (8), a heat radiation fan (9), an evaporator (10), an expander (11), a generator (12), a condenser (13), a working medium pump (14), a first DC/AC converter (15), a first diode (16), a second diode (17), a second DC/AC converter (18), a driving motor (19), an air inlet (20), a first electronic three-way valve (21), an air outlet (22), a bypass valve (23), a heat accumulator (27), a heat accumulation water pump (28), a second electronic three-way valve (29), a third diode (30), a DC/DC converter (31), a super capacitor (32) and a switch (33);
the range extender (1) comprises: an engine (24), a coolant diverter valve (25), a range-extending generator (26) and a pipeline and a circuit for connecting the devices;
the connection relation among all the components of the extended range type electric vehicle waste heat recovery power generation device combined with the organic Rankine cycle is as follows:
one end of the range extender (1) is connected with one end of the water pump (2) and one end of the first DC/AC converter (15), one end of the range extender is connected with the same end of the low-temperature radiator (7) and the high-temperature radiator (8) and one end of the second plate heat exchanger (5), and the other end of the range extender is connected with the bypass valve (23);
the water pump (2) is connected with an a port of the second electronic three-way valve (29); one end of a heat storage water pump (28) is connected with a c port of a second electronic three-way valve (29), and the other end of the heat storage water pump is connected with a heat accumulator (27); the port b of the second electronic three-way valve (29) is connected with the port A of the first electronic three-way valve (21), and the port C of the first electronic three-way valve (21) is connected with one end of the second plate heat exchanger (5);
one end of the first plate heat exchanger (3) is connected with the port B of the first electronic three-way valve (21) and one end of the evaporator (10), and the other end is connected with the exhaust port (22) and one end of the battery pack (4);
one end of the battery pack (4) is connected with one end of the first plate heat exchanger (3), one end of the battery pack is connected with one end of the switch (33), one end of the battery pack is connected with one end of the second plate heat exchanger (5), and the other end of the battery pack is connected with the second DC/AC converter (18);
one end of the second plate heat exchanger (5) is connected with the battery pack (4) and the air inlet (20), and the other end is connected with one end of the thermostat (6) and one end of the range extender (1);
the other end of the thermostat (6) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the low-temperature radiator (7), and the other path is connected with the high-temperature radiator (8);
the heat radiation fan (9) is arranged behind the high-temperature radiator (8);
one end of the evaporator (10) is connected with one end of the bypass valve (23) and one end of the expander (11), and the other end is connected with one end of the first plate heat exchanger (3) and one end of the working medium pump (14);
an output shaft of the expander (11) is connected with an input shaft of the generator (12), the other end of the expander is connected with the condenser (13), the other end of the generator (12) is connected with an anode of the second diode (17), and the other end of the condenser (13) is connected with the working medium pump (14);
the cathode of the second diode (17) is connected with the anode of the first diode (16) and the cathode of the third diode (30);
one end of the first DC/AC converter (15) is connected with the cathode of the first diode (16) and one end of the range extender (1), the other end of the first DC/AC converter is connected with one end of the switch (33) and one end of the super capacitor (32), and the other end of the super capacitor (32) is connected with the DC/DC converter (31);
one end of the second DC/AC converter (18) is connected with one end of the battery pack (4) and the DC/DC converter (31), and the other end of the second DC/AC converter is connected with the anode of the third diode (30);
the driving motor (19) is connected with the cathode of the third diode (30);
one end of a coolant flow dividing valve (25) is connected with an engine (24) and the other end is connected with a range-extending generator (26) in the range extender (1), and an output shaft of the engine (24) is connected with an input shaft of the range-extending generator (26);
the battery pack (4) has a temperature monitoring function, and the battery pack is regarded as having a heating requirement when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃, otherwise, the battery pack has no heating requirement; the driving motor (19) and the generator (12) are both alternating current motors, and the driving motor (19) has a braking energy recovery function;
in the range extender (1), the cooling liquid flows through a liquid split valve (25) and is respectively led to a cylinder sleeve of an engine (24) and a range-extending generator (26) shell, and flows through the engine (24) and the range-extending generator (26) respectively and then is converged and flows out;
the inner layer of the heat accumulator (27) is made of a material with a heat conductivity coefficient of 0.05W/(m.K) at 100 ℃ and can store cooling liquid.
2. The extended range electric vehicle waste heat recovery power generation device with organic rankine cycle according to claim 1, wherein:
the cooling loop of the battery pack (4) and the range extender (1) belong to the relation of a branch and a main path, the two are in the same cooling loop, and when the battery pack (4) has no heating requirement, the cooling liquid normally circulates in the cooling loop and does not flow into the heating branch of the battery pack (4); when the battery pack (4) has a heating requirement, the heating branch of the battery pack (4) in the cooling loop is conducted, and the cooling liquid flows through the battery pack (4) and returns to the main path, so that a normal flow path is maintained.
3. The extended range electric vehicle waste heat recovery power generation device with organic rankine cycle according to claim 1, wherein:
the electric energy sources of the extended range electric automobile considered in the device are three types except for power grid charging: in the starting process of the range extender (1), an engine (24) drives a range extender generator (26) to output electric energy; braking energy generated by the drive motor (19) during braking of the vehicle; a generator (12) in the organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery power generation system is driven by an expander (11) to do work and output electric energy; all three electric energy are generated in the running process of the vehicle, the generated electric energy is converged to a first DC/AC converter (15) through an in-vehicle circuit and enters a composite energy storage system consisting of a battery pack (4), a super capacitor (32), a DC/DC converter (31) and a switch (33), if the SOC of the super capacitor (32) is not less than 95%, the switch (33) is closed, and the electric energy is transmitted into the battery pack (4); if the SOC of the super capacitor (32) is less than 95%, the switch (33) is turned off, and electric energy is transmitted into the super capacitor (32).
4. The extended range electric vehicle waste heat recovery power generation device with organic rankine cycle according to claim 1, wherein:
the tail gas generated by the engine (24) in the range extender (1) has two-stage waste heat energy recovery: the tail gas firstly passes through an evaporator (10) to exchange heat with organic working medium in the organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery power generation device, the heat is used for power generation, and 30% of the heat in the tail gas can be recovered and utilized in the stage; and if the battery pack (4) has a heating requirement, the tail gas flows through the first plate heat exchanger (3) to exchange heat with the cooling liquid, at the moment, part of heat in the tail gas is lost in the previous stage, but 20% of the residual heat can still be utilized, the cooling liquid is heated, and the heat obtained by the cooling liquid is used for heating the battery pack (4).
5. The extended range electric vehicle waste heat recovery power generation device with organic rankine cycle according to claim 1, wherein:
the lower limit of the temperature of the battery pack (4) in a normal working state is 0 ℃, the battery pack (4) has a temperature monitoring function, when the temperature of the battery pack (4) is monitored to continuously decrease and approach 10 ℃ in the working process, the in-vehicle ECU controls the opening A and the opening B of the first electronic three-way valve (21) to be communicated, and the cooling liquid flows through the first electronic three-way valve (21) to the first plate heat exchanger (3) to exchange heat with tail gas of the engine (24); the cooling liquid flows through the shell of the battery pack (4) to heat the battery pack (4) after being heated; in the heating process, when the temperature of the battery pack (4) is monitored to be higher than 20 ℃, the in-vehicle ECU controls the opening A and the opening C of the first electronic three-way valve (21) to be communicated, and the heating of the battery pack (4) is stopped.
6. The extended range electric vehicle waste heat recovery power generation device with organic rankine cycle according to claim 1, wherein:
the composite energy storage system consisting of the battery pack (4), the super capacitor (32), the DC/DC converter (31) and the switch (33) can realize distribution of discharge power by utilizing the on and off of the DC/DC converter (31), and is specifically expressed as follows:
the upper limit of the SOC of the super capacitor (32) is 95%, the lower limit of the SOC of the super capacitor is 30%, the required power of the driving motor (19) is more than 70%, and when the SOC of the super capacitor (32) is more than 30%, the super capacitor (32) participates in discharging, the DC/DC converter (31) is in an on state, and the electric energy of the super capacitor reaches the driving motor (19) through the DC/DC converter (31) and the second DC/AC converter (18) in sequence; if the SOC of the super capacitor (32) is less than 30%, the DC/DC converter (31) is in a closed state, and the super capacitor (32) does not participate in discharging.
7. The extended range electric vehicle waste heat recovery power generation device with organic rankine cycle according to claim 1, wherein:
the electric energy generated by the organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery power generation system can be directly transmitted to the driving motor (19) under a certain condition, and is jointly supplied to the driving motor (19) with the energy storage system, and the organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery power generation system is specifically characterized in that:
when the power required by the driving motor (19) is more than 70%, the electric energy generated by the generator (12) directly reaches the driving motor (19) through the second diode (17); when the power required by the driving motor (19) is more than 40% and less than 70%, the electric energy generated by the generator (12) is transmitted to the first DC/AC converter (15) and stored in the energy storage system.
CN202210265983.6A 2022-03-17 2022-03-17 Range-extending type electric automobile waste heat recovery power generation device combined with organic Rankine cycle Active CN114590139B (en)

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CN111075601A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-04-28 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery device for vehicle engine
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KR101290289B1 (en) * 2012-05-31 2013-07-26 한국해양대학교 산학협력단 Apparatus for ship's orc power generating system
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