CN114589936B - Manufacturing method of composite snowmobile body - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of composite snowmobile body Download PDFInfo
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- CN114589936B CN114589936B CN202210107609.3A CN202210107609A CN114589936B CN 114589936 B CN114589936 B CN 114589936B CN 202210107609 A CN202210107609 A CN 202210107609A CN 114589936 B CN114589936 B CN 114589936B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012945 sealing adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009787 hand lay-up Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a composite snowmobile body, which is realized through the steps of design and manufacture of a molding tool, molding of a rubber equalizing plate, prepreg layering, rubber suction shaping, solidification, demolding, cleaning and the like. The composite material snowmobile body comprises a front section body and a rear section body, and a male mold and rubber equalizing plate combined forming scheme and a male mold forming mold design scheme are provided for the structural form characteristics of the front section body and the rear section body, so that the problem that the later assembly and stress of the snowmobile body are influenced by the fact that a thickening area cannot be accurately positioned in female mold forming is solved, the high-precision forming of the inner appearance surface of a product is realized, the forming efficiency of the snowmobile is improved, and the defect rate of members is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material forming, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a composite material snowmobile body.
Background
Snowmobiles are a collective ride that quickly slide down from a dedicated racetrack by means of a skid inertia, steerable ice track skid sport items. The snowmobile body has the requirements of high resistance reduction, light weight and high strength, and is changed into an iron type snowmobile from the beginning of the 20 th century, and the structure of the snowmobile body is improved day by day and is mainly composed of a composite material body, a metal chassis frame and a sliding blade. The fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material has high specific strength and specific modulus, and has high strength while greatly and effectively reducing the weight of the structure. The streamline pneumatic appearance is the key of the snowmobile with high drag reduction performance, so that the appearance surface size of the composite material product is ensured to be the key of high-quality molding.
Foreign fiber reinforced composite snowmobile bodies are mainly formed by a manual pasting process. The hand lay-up forming process is that fiber reinforced material and resin glue are spread on a mould to form, solidified under the conditions of room temperature (or heating) and no pressure (or low pressure), and demoulded to form the product. The molding method has the defects of low production efficiency, high labor intensity of manual operation, poor labor sanitation condition and the like, the product quality is not easy to control, the performance stability is poor, the resin content of the product is high, and the mechanical property is low.
In order to further improve the performance and reliability of the snowmobile, the aeronautical material and technology research institute improves the aerodynamic shape and the shape structure of each part of the snowmobile, including a plurality of thickened areas, the reduction of the internal space of the double-wing structure, the change of the front section body from a fully-open structure to a partially-open structure, and the like. All the above changes cause obstruction to female die molding: the thickened area cannot be positioned with high precision, and the unreliable assembly and the offset of bearing points in the later period can be caused; the small-size indent curved surface structure of two wings and the half open structure of anterior segment body have increased the layering degree of difficulty by a wide margin and have sight dead angle, appear product defect easily, and the quality is difficult to control.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the inventor performs intensive research and provides a manufacturing method of a composite snowmobile body, and the composite structural member manufactured by adopting the manufacturing method not only has high-precision inner and outer profiles, but also has the defect rate of less than 1%, and the forming quality is greatly improved, so that the requirements of snowmobile movement on reliability are met, thereby completing the invention.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the manufacturing method of the composite material snowmobile body is characterized in that the snowmobile body is of a complex space curved surface structure and consists of a front section body and a rear section body, and the snowmobile body is provided with a thickening area, a thinning area, two-wing inward-sinking special-shaped curved surface areas and a deformation mutation area structural characteristic area; the thickness of the snowmobile body is 2.5-4.5 mm, the thickening area is positioned at the bottom and the side wall of the snowmobile body, and the thickness of the thickening area is 5-10 mm, so that the problem of local strength reduction caused by later installation and punching of the snowmobile body is solved; the thickness of the thinning area is 2.5-3.5 mm, and the thinning area is used for reducing the weight of the vehicle body while ensuring the strength of the vehicle body; the two-wing inward-sinking special-shaped curved surface areas are positioned in the protruding areas on the front side and the rear side of the vehicle body and used as a bumper of the snowmobile vehicle body for preventing the vehicle body from being impacted during running; the deformation mutation areas are positioned at a plurality of positions of the front section body and the rear section body; the manufacturing method comprises the steps of paving fiber reinforced resin-based prepreg on a front section body male die forming die and a rear section body male die forming die (figure 1), and obtaining a front section body and rear section body composite material piece through auxiliary glue suction and solidification of a rubber equalizing plate (figure 2).
The manufacturing method of the composite snowmobile body provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Compared with the traditional male mold forming method and the female mold forming method for transmitting curing pressure by a female mold, the manufacturing method of the snowmobile body made of the composite material provided by the invention creatively provides the shape-following rubber equalizing plate, and the prepreg can be uniformly pressurized integrally in the process of absorbing and curing in an autoclave, so that the problem that the outer shape surface of a product is easy to be folded by the female mold splicing valve is solved, and meanwhile, the step of closing the female mold is omitted, so that the forming period is shortened;
(2) The manufacturing method of the composite snowmobile body provided by the invention realizes the accurate positioning of the thickened area, provides a guarantee for the assembly of the later-stage body and the frame, and improves the product reliability of the snowmobile; the appearance of the inner surface is greatly improved while the dimensional accuracy of the outer surface of the product is ensured, so that the comfort level of a user is improved, and the overall appearance of the product is also improved;
(3) The method for manufacturing the composite snowmobile body shortens the molding cycle by more than 10%, reduces the defect rate of the whole snowmobile body to below 0.55%, and has good molding process and product quality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a front section body male molding die (a), a rear section body male molding die (b) and a combined die (c);
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rubber equalizing plate.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and clear from the following detailed description of the invention.
The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Although various aspects of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a composite snowmobile body, which is of a complex space curved surface structure and consists of a front section body and a rear section body, wherein the snowmobile body is provided with a thickening area, a thinning area, two-wing inward-sinking special-shaped curved surface areas and a deformation mutation area structure characteristic area; the thickness of the snowmobile body is 2.5-4.5 mm, the thickening area is positioned at the bottom and the side wall of the snowmobile body, and the thickness of the thickening area is 5-10 mm, so that the problem of local strength reduction caused by later installation and punching of the snowmobile body is solved; the thickness of the thinning area is 2.5-3.5 mm, and the thinning area is used for reducing the weight of the vehicle body while ensuring the strength of the vehicle body; the two-wing inward-sinking special-shaped curved surface areas are positioned in the protruding areas on the front side and the rear side of the vehicle body and used as a bumper of the snowmobile vehicle body for preventing the vehicle body from being impacted during running; the deformation mutation areas are positioned at a plurality of positions of the front section body and the rear section body; the manufacturing method comprises the steps of paving fiber reinforced resin-based prepreg on a front section body male die forming die and a rear section body male die forming die (figure 1), and obtaining a front section body and rear section body composite material piece through auxiliary glue suction and solidification of a rubber equalizing plate (figure 2).
In a preferred embodiment, the fibers in the prepreg are T800-grade carbon fibers and S-grade glass fibers, and the mass ratio of the T800-grade carbon fibers to the S-grade glass fibers is 2-3.5:1, so that the rigidity and the impact resistance are both considered; the matrix resin is medium-temperature high-toughness epoxy resin and is resistant to high-low temperature alternation at-196-180 ℃; the mass ratio of the fiber to the matrix resin is 1.5-1:1; the composite material has a post impact compressive strength CAI >300MPa.
In a preferred embodiment, the front section body male die forming die and the rear section body male die forming die are provided with an inward sinking platform and a raised platform which correspond to a thickening area and a thinning area of a product respectively and are used for realizing accurate positioning of the thickening area and the thinning area of the product, so that guarantee is provided for subsequent assembly of a snowmobile body and installation of parts; the front section body male die forming die and the rear section body male die forming die are provided with two-wing protruding special-shaped curved surfaces in advance and are used for forming an invagination special-shaped curved surface area of a product, and the protruding die structure simplifies layering operation difficulty and has no sight dead angle, so that product defects are reduced, and product quality is guaranteed.
In a preferred embodiment, the manufacturing method specifically comprises the steps of:
s1, assembling a front section body male die forming die and a rear section body male die forming die;
s2, forming a rubber equalizing plate, wherein the inner surface of the rubber equalizing plate is used for guaranteeing the appearance of a snowmobile body;
s3, paving prepreg blocks in the thickened area;
s4, absorbing glue by the prepreg block in the thickened area;
s5, paving a layer of prepreg on the front section body male die forming die and the rear section body male die forming die;
s6, the prepreg layer adopts a shape following mode, local fibers are cut off in deformation mutation areas such as two wings, a top end, a lower end and the like, a seamless gap between the prepreg and a male die forming die is ensured, and material is fed in the gap;
s7, repeating the step S5 and the step S6, overlapping the initial prepreg and the final prepreg at 50-70 mm, staggering the cutting parts of the prepregs at each layer, wherein the staggering distance is more than or equal to 20mm, ensuring the connection strength, cutting off the prepregs in the thinning area in the process, and paving the prepreg blocks in the thickening area obtained in the step S4 in the thickening area until the paving thickness is 2.5-10 mm;
s8, carrying out vacuum auxiliary compaction treatment on the prepreg paved in the step S7, wherein each time of paving 1-1.5 mm, carrying out vacuum compaction treatment;
s9, sealing the product on the front section body male die forming die and the rear section body male die forming die by using a sealing adhesive tape;
s10, paving fluorine four-cloth and a porous film outside the paved prepreg, installing a rubber equalizing plate, and coating a rubber suction vacuum bag;
s11, conveying the coated product and the mold into an autoclave, and absorbing glue to the prepreg;
s12, sequentially removing the vacuum bag, the sealing adhesive tape and the rubber equalizing plate;
s13, repeating the step S9, installing a rubber equalizing plate, and coating by using a curing vacuum bag;
s14, conveying the coated product and the mold into an autoclave for curing;
s15, sequentially removing the vacuum bag and the sealing adhesive tape, removing the rubber equalizing plate, and pulling out the male die forming die to obtain the front section body composite material component and the rear section body composite material component.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the step of molding the rubber equalizing plate is performed by: and (3) paving a layer of unvulcanized high-temperature-resistant rubber film on the front section body male die forming die and the rear section body male die forming die, overlapping the joint by 10-15 mm, fixing the joint by using a high-temperature-resistant adhesive tape after the deformation mutation area is partially cut and spliced, and entering an autoclave for vulcanization forming after coating a vacuum bag to obtain the rubber equalizing plate.
Aiming at the problem that the traditional male mold forming and female mold die assembly forming method for transmitting curing pressure by a female mold die is easy to cause split fold left on a product by an outer female mold split, the invention provides a shape-following rubber equalizing plate which is flexible, stretchable, seamless and of an integrated structure.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the step of laying up the thickened region prepreg block is performed by: 1) According to the digital model of the product, an automatic blanking machine is adopted to accurately cut prepregs in different thickening areas; 2) The thickness of each prepreg block is controlled to be 1-1.5 mm, so that the block is ensured to have deformability and cuttability after the adhesive is absorbed.
In a preferred embodiment, in the steps S5 and S6, the prepreg layer adopts a conformal mode, the local fiber is cut off in a deformation abrupt change area to ensure that no gap exists between the prepreg and the die, and the prepreg with the same width as the gap is used for feeding in the gap; and (3) overlapping the initial prepreg layer and the final prepreg layer by 50-70 mm, staggering the cutting parts of each prepreg layer, ensuring the connection strength, cutting off the prepreg in the thinning area in the process, and paving the prepreg block in the thickening area obtained in the step (S4) in the thickening area until the paving thickness is 2.5-10 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S7, the step of trimming off the prepreg in the thinned region is performed by: cutting along the edge of the convex platform according to the position and the size of the convex platform preset on the male die forming die.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S7, the step of laying the thickened region prepreg block on the thickened region is performed by: after filling the prepreg block in an inward sinking platform preset on a male die forming die, the thickened area is formed by folding a single-layer prepreg into a narrow strip with the width of 5-6 mm to fill a gap between the prepreg block and the monolith.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S8, the vacuum assisted compaction is performed at a pressure of 0.05 to 0.1MPa and a vacuum assisted compaction time of 1 to 4 hours.
In a preferred embodiment, in the steps S4 and S11, the glue sucking temperature is 70-80 ℃, the heating rate is 20-30 ℃/h, the glue sucking pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the glue sucking time is 0.5-1 h for the former section body and the latter section body.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S14, the front-stage body and the rear-stage body are molded, the curing temperature is 120-140 ℃, the heating rate is 20-30 ℃/h, the curing pressure is 0.6-1.0 MPa, and the curing time is 3-5 h.
Examples
Example 1
A method for combining and forming a male die and a rubber equalizing plate takes a rear section body as an example, and comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling a rear-section body male die forming die, wherein an inward sinking platform and a convex platform are preset on the rear-section body male die forming die, and correspond to a thickening area and a thinning area of a product respectively; the method comprises the steps that two-wing convex special-shaped curved surfaces are preset and are used for forming an invagination special-shaped curved surface area of a product;
s2, paving a layer of unvulcanized high-temperature-resistant rubber film on the rear-section body male die forming die, overlapping the joint by 10-15 mm, fixing the joint by using a high-temperature-resistant adhesive tape after the deformation mutation area is partially cut and spliced, and putting the joint into an autoclave for vulcanization forming after coating a vacuum bag to obtain a rubber equalizing plate;
s3, paving prepreg blocks in the thickened area, wherein the prepreg is made of T800-level carbon fiber and S-level glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin; the mass ratio of the carbon fiber to the glass fiber is 3:1, the matrix resin is epoxy resin, the high-low temperature alternating resistance is between 196 ℃ below zero and 180 ℃, and the mass ratio of the total fiber to the matrix resin is 1.5:1; the thickness of each prepreg block is controlled between 1 and 1.5 mm;
s4, the prepreg block in the thickened area is subjected to glue absorption, the final glue absorption temperature is 80 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/h, the glue absorption pressure is 0.3MPa, and the glue absorption time is 0.5h;
s5, paving a layer of prepreg on a rear-section body male die forming die, wherein the prepreg is made of carbon/glass mixed fiber reinforced epoxy resin with the mass ratio of T800-level carbon fiber to S-level glass fiber of 3:1, the epoxy resin is resistant to high and low temperature alternation at-196-180 ℃, and the mass ratio of total fiber to matrix resin is 1.5:1;
s6, the prepreg layer adopts a shape following mode, local fibers are cut off in abrupt areas such as two wings, the top end, the lower end and the like, a seamless gap between the prepreg and a male die forming die is ensured, and material is fed in the gap.
S7, repeating the step S5 and the step S6, overlapping the initial prepreg layer and the final prepreg layer by 60mm, staggering the cutting parts of the prepregs of each prepreg layer by 30mm, cutting off the prepregs of the thinning area (cutting along the edges of the raised platform) in the process, paving the prepregs of the thickening area obtained in the step S4 in the thickening area until the paving thickness is 10mm, and folding a single-layer prepreg layer into narrow strips with the width of 5mm to fill gaps between the prepregs and the monolith after filling the prepregs in an inward sinking platform preset on a male molding die in the thickening area;
s8, carrying out vacuum auxiliary compaction treatment on the prepreg paved in the step S7, wherein each time of paving 1.5mm, the vacuum auxiliary compaction is carried out, the pressure of the vacuum auxiliary compaction is 0.05MPa, and the vacuum auxiliary compaction time is 2 hours;
s9, sealing the product on a male die forming die of the rear section body by using a sealing adhesive tape;
s10, paving fluorine four-cloth and a porous film outside the paved prepreg, placing a rubber equalizing plate, and coating by a rubber suction vacuum bag;
s11, feeding the coated product and the mold into an autoclave, and carrying out glue absorption on the prepreg, wherein the final glue absorption temperature is 80 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/h, the glue absorption pressure is 0.3MPa, and the glue absorption time is 1h;
s12, sequentially removing the vacuum bag, the sealing adhesive tape and the rubber equalizing plate;
s13, repeating the step S9, installing a rubber equalizing plate, and coating by using a curing vacuum bag;
s14, conveying the coated product and the mold into an autoclave for curing, wherein the final curing temperature is 140 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/h, the curing pressure is 0.6MPa, and the curing time is 5h;
s15, sequentially removing the vacuum bag and the sealing adhesive tape, removing the rubber equalizing plate, and then pulling out the male die forming die to obtain the rear-section body composite material component. The dimension error of the rear section body composite material in the thickness direction is less than 0.4mm, the dimension error of the thickened area position is less than 0.5mm, the defect rate is 0.51%, and the CAI is more than 300MPa.
Example 2
A method for combining and forming a male die and a rubber equalizing plate takes a front section body as an example, and comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling a front section body male die forming die, wherein an inward sinking platform is preset on the front section body male die forming die and corresponds to a thickening area of a product; the method comprises the steps that two-wing convex special-shaped curved surfaces are preset and are used for forming an invagination special-shaped curved surface area of a product;
s2, paving a layer of unvulcanized high-temperature-resistant rubber film on the front section body male die forming die, overlapping the joint by 10-15 mm, fixing the joint by using a high-temperature-resistant adhesive tape after the deformation mutation area is partially cut and spliced, and putting the joint into an autoclave for vulcanization forming after coating a vacuum bag to obtain a rubber equalizing plate;
s3, paving prepreg blocks in a thickened area, wherein the prepreg is made of T800-level carbon fiber and S-level glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin, the mass ratio of the carbon fiber to the glass fiber is 2:1, the matrix resin is epoxy resin, the high and low temperature alternation resistance is between 196 ℃ below zero and 180 ℃, and the mass ratio of total fiber to the matrix resin is 1.5:1; the thickness of each prepreg block is controlled between 1 and 1.5 mm;
s4, the prepreg block in the thickened area is subjected to glue absorption, the final glue absorption temperature is 80 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/h, the glue absorption pressure is 0.3MPa, and the glue absorption time is 0.5h;
s5, paving a layer of prepreg on a front section body male die forming die, wherein the prepreg is made of carbon/glass mixed fiber reinforced epoxy resin with the mass ratio of T800-level carbon fiber to glass fiber of 2:1, the epoxy resin is resistant to high and low temperature alternation at-196-180 ℃, and the mass ratio of total fiber to matrix resin is 1.5:1;
s6, the prepreg layer adopts a shape following mode, local fibers are cut off in abrupt areas such as two wings, the top end, the lower end and the like, a seamless gap between the prepreg and a male die forming die is ensured, and material is fed in the gap.
S7, repeating the step S5 and the step S6, overlapping the initial prepreg and the final prepreg layer by 60mm, staggering the cutting parts of each prepreg layer by 30mm, paving the prepreg block in the thickened area obtained in the step S4 in the process until the thickness of the paved layer is 10mm, and folding the single-layer prepreg layer into narrow strips with the width of 5mm to fill gaps between the prepreg block and the monolith after filling the prepreg block in an invagination platform preset on a male die forming die in the thickened area;
s8, carrying out vacuum auxiliary compaction treatment on the prepreg paved in the step S7, wherein each time of paving 1.5mm, the vacuum auxiliary compaction is carried out, the pressure of the vacuum auxiliary compaction is 0.1MPa, and the vacuum auxiliary compaction time is 1h;
s9, sealing the product on a front section body male die forming die by using a sealing adhesive tape;
s10, paving fluorine four-cloth and a porous film outside the paved prepreg, placing a rubber equalizing plate, and coating by a rubber suction vacuum bag;
s11, feeding the coated product and the mold into an autoclave, and carrying out glue absorption on the prepreg, wherein the final glue absorption temperature is 80 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/h, the glue absorption pressure is 0.3MPa, and the glue absorption time is 0.5h;
s12, sequentially removing the vacuum bag, the sealing adhesive tape and the rubber equalizing plate;
s13, repeating the step S9, installing a rubber equalizing plate, and coating by using a curing vacuum bag;
s14, conveying the coated product and the mold into an autoclave for curing, wherein the final curing temperature is 140 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/h, the curing pressure is 0.6MPa, and the curing time is 3h;
s15, sequentially removing the vacuum bag and the sealing adhesive tape, removing the rubber equalizing plate, and then pulling out the male die forming die to obtain the front section body composite material component. The dimensional error of the obtained front section body composite material in the thickness direction is less than 0.3mm, the dimensional error of the position of a thickening area is less than 0.5mm, the defect rate is 0.35%, and the CAI is more than 300MPa.
The invention has been described in detail in connection with the specific embodiments and exemplary examples thereof, but such description is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
What is not described in detail in the present specification is a well known technology to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The manufacturing method of the composite material snowmobile body is characterized in that the snowmobile body is of a complex space curved surface structure and consists of a front section body and a rear section body, and the manufacturing method has the following structural characteristic areas: the device comprises a thickening area, a thinning area, two-wing invagination special-shaped curved surface areas and a deformation mutation area; the thickness of the snowmobile body is 2.5-4.5 mm, the thickening area is positioned at the bottom and the side wall of the snowmobile body, and the thickness of the thickening area is 5-10 mm, so that the problem of local strength reduction caused by later installation and punching of the snowmobile body is solved; the thickness of the thinning area is 2.5-3.5 mm, and the thinning area is used for reducing the weight of the vehicle body while ensuring the strength of the vehicle body; the two-wing inward-sinking special-shaped curved surface areas are positioned in the protruding areas on the front side and the rear side of the vehicle body and used as a bumper of the snowmobile vehicle body for preventing the vehicle body from being impacted during running; the deformation mutation areas are positioned at a plurality of positions of the front section body and the rear section body;
the manufacturing method is that fiber reinforced resin-based prepreg is paved on a front section body male die forming die and a rear section body male die forming die, and then the front section body and the rear section body composite material piece are obtained through auxiliary glue absorption and solidification of a rubber equalizing plate, and the manufacturing method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling a front section body male die forming die and a rear section body male die forming die;
s2, paving a layer of unvulcanized high-temperature-resistant rubber film on the front section body male die forming die and the rear section body male die forming die, overlapping the joints by 10-15 mm, fixing the joints by using a high-temperature-resistant adhesive tape after partial cutting and splicing of a deformation mutation area, coating a vacuum bag, and then entering an autoclave for vulcanization forming to obtain a rubber equalizing plate, wherein the inner surface of the rubber equalizing plate is used for ensuring the appearance of a snowmobile body;
s3, paving prepreg blocks in the thickened area, wherein the thickness of each prepreg block is 1.5-2 mm;
s4, absorbing glue by the prepreg block in the thickened area;
s5, paving a layer of prepreg on the front section body male die forming die and the rear section body male die forming die;
s6, the prepreg layer adopts a shape following mode, local fibers are cut off in a deformation mutation area, seamless gaps between the prepreg and a male die forming die are ensured, and material is fed in the gaps;
s7, repeating the step S5 and the step S6, overlapping the initial prepreg and the final prepreg at 50-70 mm, staggering the cutting parts of the prepregs at each layer, wherein the staggering distance is more than or equal to 20mm, cutting off the prepregs in the thinning area in the process, and paving the prepreg blocks in the thickening area obtained in the step S4 in the thickening area until the paving thickness is 2.5-10 mm;
s8, carrying out vacuum auxiliary compaction treatment on the prepreg paved in the step S7, wherein each time of paving 1-1.5 mm, carrying out vacuum compaction treatment;
s9, sealing the product on the front section body male die forming die and the rear section body male die forming die by using a sealing adhesive tape;
s10, paving fluorine four-cloth and a porous film outside the paved prepreg, installing a rubber equalizing plate, and coating a rubber suction vacuum bag;
s11, conveying the coated product and the mold into an autoclave, and absorbing glue to the prepreg;
s12, sequentially removing the vacuum bag, the sealing adhesive tape and the rubber equalizing plate;
s13, repeating the step S9, installing a rubber equalizing plate, and coating by using a curing vacuum bag;
s14, conveying the coated product and the mold into an autoclave for curing;
s15, sequentially removing the vacuum bag and the sealing adhesive tape, removing the rubber equalizing plate, and pulling out the male die forming die to obtain the front section body composite material component and the rear section body composite material component.
2. The method for manufacturing the composite snowmobile body according to claim 1, wherein the fibers in the fiber reinforced resin-based prepreg are T800-grade carbon fibers and S-grade glass fibers, and the mass ratio of the T800-grade carbon fibers to the S-grade glass fibers is 2-3.5:1, and both rigidity and impact resistance are achieved; the matrix resin in the fiber reinforced resin-based prepreg is epoxy resin, and is resistant to high and low temperature alternation at-196-180 ℃; the mass ratio of the fiber to the matrix resin is 1.5-1:1; the composite material has a post impact compressive strength CAI >300MPa.
3. The method for manufacturing a snowmobile body made of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the front-stage body male molding die and the rear-stage body male molding die are provided with an inward-sinking platform and a convex platform, which correspond to a thickening area and a thinning area of a product, respectively, and are used for molding the thickening area and the thinning area of the product.
4. The method for manufacturing a snowmobile body made of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the front-stage body male molding die and the rear-stage body male molding die are preset with two-wing convex special-shaped curved surfaces for forming an invaginated special-shaped curved surface area of a product.
5. The method of manufacturing a composite snowmobile body according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the step of trimming off the thinned area prepreg is performed by: cutting along the edge of the convex platform according to the position and the size of the convex platform preset on the male die forming die.
6. The method of manufacturing a composite snowmobile body according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the step of laying the thickened region prepreg block on the thickened region is performed by: after filling the prepreg block in an inward sinking platform preset on a male die forming die, the thickened area is formed by folding a single-layer prepreg into a narrow strip with the width of 5-6 mm to fill a gap between the prepreg block and the monolith.
7. The method for manufacturing a snowmobile body of composite material according to claim 1, wherein in step S8, the vacuum-assisted compaction is performed at a pressure of 0.05 to 0.1MPa and a vacuum-assisted compaction time of 1 to 4 hours.
8. The method for manufacturing a snowmobile body made of a composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the steps S4 and S11, the glue sucking temperature is 70 to 80 ℃, the heating rate is 20 to 30 ℃/h, the glue sucking pressure is 0.3 to 0.5MPa, and the glue sucking time is 0.5 to 1h for the shaping of the front-stage body and the rear-stage body.
9. The method for manufacturing a snowmobile body made of a composite material according to claim 1, wherein in step S14, the front-stage body and the rear-stage body are molded at a curing temperature of 120 to 140 ℃, a heating rate of 20 to 30 ℃/h, a curing pressure of 0.6 to 1.0MPa, and a curing time of 3 to 5 hours.
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