CN114588914A - Method for preparing catalyst by using tailings - Google Patents
Method for preparing catalyst by using tailings Download PDFInfo
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- CN114588914A CN114588914A CN202210277968.3A CN202210277968A CN114588914A CN 114588914 A CN114588914 A CN 114588914A CN 202210277968 A CN202210277968 A CN 202210277968A CN 114588914 A CN114588914 A CN 114588914A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0036—Grinding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/8892—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a catalyst by using tailings, belonging to the technical field of resource recycling. The method comprises the steps of firstly dewatering iron tailings, then crushing, screening crushed tailing particles, sequentially carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation and high-intensity magnetic separation on obtained coarse-grain ores, dispersing the obtained strong-intensity mineral powder in water, then adding a collecting agent, an inhibitor and a foaming agent, carrying out reverse flotation, mixing the obtained mineral powder with manganese dioxide, then calcining, and compounding with a carrier after calcining to obtain the catalyst. The invention takes the iron ore tailings as the main raw material to prepare the catalyst, and takes the iron ore tailings as the main solid waste in the ferrous metallurgy industry, and the iron ore tailings are recycled to prepare the catalyst, so that the discharge of the waste tailings can be reduced, and the comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources can be effectively realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resource recycling, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a catalyst by utilizing tailings.
Background
The iron ore tailings refer to industrial solid wastes formed by dewatering tailing slurry discharged by a concentrating mill in the iron ore concentrating process. In recent years, China has become the first major country for global steel production and consumption, the effective utilization of components of iron ores in the development and utilization processes is quite limited, and according to relevant surveys, the average grade of the iron ores is only about 30% at present, which means that most of the ores after mineral separation become tailings and are accumulated in a tailing pond.
The existence of a large number of tailing ponds not only causes huge pollution to the ecological environment, but also threatens the life and property safety of local common people to a great extent. The existing iron tailings are stacked in the open air for a long time, on one hand, harmful gas can be emitted in the weathering process of the iron tailings and spread along with air and water flow to cause atmospheric pollution, soil pollution, salt-rich basification of land and the like, fine iron tailing sand particles can form dust after being blown by wind, the atmospheric transparency is reduced, local atmospheric conditions are influenced, and respiratory system diseases are caused; on the other hand, once suffering from continuous rainstorm or meeting flood season, the iron tailings flow into farmlands and rivers along with rainwater, so that water pollution and water and soil loss are caused, and dam break accidents even occur in severe cases.
The abandoned tailings still contain a certain amount of metal elements, particularly iron elements, and if the metal elements can be reasonably utilized and prepared, the method has important significance for recycling the ferrous metallurgy solid wastes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a catalyst by utilizing tailings, which can reduce the discharge of waste tailings and effectively realize the comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
a method for preparing a catalyst by using tailings comprises the following steps:
step 1, dehydrating and crushing iron tailings, and screening crushed tailing particles to obtain coarse-grained ore with the particle size of 100-200 mm;
step 2, sequentially carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation and high-intensity magnetic separation on the coarse-grained ore obtained in the step 1 to obtain high-intensity magnetic ore powder;
step 3, dispersing the ferromagnetic mineral powder obtained in the step 2 in water, adding a collecting agent, an inhibitor and a foaming agent, adjusting the pH value to 7-10, and performing reverse flotation to obtain treated mineral powder;
and 4, mixing the mineral powder obtained in the step 3 with manganese dioxide, calcining, and compounding with a carrier to obtain the catalyst.
Further, in the step 2, the weak magnetic separation and the strong magnetic separation both adopt two-stage magnetic separation.
Furthermore, the magnetic field intensity of the first section of the strong magnetic separation is 1.2-1.4T, and the magnetic field intensity of the second section of the strong magnetic separation is 1.8-2.0T; the magnetic field intensity of the first section of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 1.3-1.6T, and the magnetic field intensity of the second section is 0.8-1.1T.
Furthermore, in the step 3, the using amount of water is 5-10 times of the weight of the mineral powder; the collecting agent is sodium oleate, and the using amount of the collecting agent is 0.1-1 time of the weight of the mineral powder; the inhibitor is water glass, and the dosage of the inhibitor is 0.1-1 time of the weight of the mineral powder; the foaming agent is pine oil, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 0.1-1 time of the weight of the mineral powder.
Further, in the step 4, the weight ratio of the mineral powder to the manganese dioxide is 5: 1-1: 5; the calcination condition is 800-1000 ℃ and 30-60 min.
Further, in step 4, the carrier is quartz sand, and the dosage of the quartz sand is 3-5 times of that of the calcined product.
After the scheme is adopted, the catalyst is prepared by taking the iron ore tailings as the main raw material and taking the iron ore tailings as the main solid waste in the ferrous metallurgy industry, and the catalyst is prepared by recycling the iron ore tailings, so that the discharge of the waste tailings can be reduced, and the comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources can be effectively realized.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for preparing a catalyst by using tailings comprises the following steps:
step 1, dewatering the iron tailings by a sludge dewatering machine, pouring the iron tailings into a jaw crusher for crushing, and then performing vibration screening on crushed tailing particles to obtain coarse-grained ore with the particle size of 100 mm.
Step 2, performing low-intensity magnetic separation and high-intensity magnetic separation on the coarse-grained ore obtained in the step 1 in sequence to obtain strong-intensity mineral powder;
the low-intensity magnetic separation and the high-intensity magnetic separation both adopt two-section magnetic separation, wherein the magnetic field intensity of one section of the high-intensity magnetic separation is 1.2T, and the magnetic field intensity of the other section is 1.8T; the magnetic field intensity of the first section of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 1.3T, and the magnetic field intensity of the second section of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 0.8T.
Step 3, dispersing the ferromagnetic mineral powder obtained in the step 2 in water, adding a collecting agent, an inhibitor and a foaming agent, adjusting the pH value to 7, and performing reverse flotation to obtain treated mineral powder;
the amount of water is 5 times of the weight of the mineral powder; the collecting agent is sodium oleate, and the using amount of the collecting agent is 0.3 times of the weight of the mineral powder; the inhibitor is water glass, and the dosage of the inhibitor is 0.4 times of the weight of the mineral powder; the foaming agent is pine oil, and the using amount of the foaming agent is 0.2 time of the weight of the mineral powder.
Step 4, mixing the mineral powder obtained in the step 3 with manganese dioxide, calcining, and compounding with a carrier to obtain a catalyst;
wherein the weight ratio of the mineral powder to the manganese dioxide is 5: 1, calcining at 800 ℃ for 60 min; the carrier is quartz sand, and the dosage of the carrier is 3 times of that of the calcined product.
By NH3As a reducing agent, the catalyst is used for carrying out catalytic reduction on NO, and the catalytic efficiency can reach 56%.
Example 2
A method for preparing a catalyst by using tailings comprises the following steps:
step 1, dewatering the iron tailings by a sludge dewatering machine, pouring the iron tailings into a jaw crusher for crushing, and then performing vibration screening on crushed tailing particles to obtain coarse-grained ore with the particle size of 140 mm.
Step 2, performing low-intensity magnetic separation and high-intensity magnetic separation on the coarse-grained ore obtained in the step 1 in sequence to obtain strong-intensity mineral powder;
the low-intensity magnetic separation and the high-intensity magnetic separation both adopt two-section magnetic separation, wherein the magnetic field intensity of one section of the high-intensity magnetic separation is 1.3T, and the magnetic field intensity of the other section is 1.9T; the magnetic field intensity of the first section of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 1.4T, and the magnetic field intensity of the second section of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 0.9T.
Step 3, dispersing the ferromagnetic mineral powder obtained in the step 2 in water, adding a collecting agent, an inhibitor and a foaming agent, adjusting the pH value to 9, and performing reverse flotation to obtain treated mineral powder;
the amount of water is 10 times of the weight of the mineral powder; the collecting agent is sodium oleate, and the using amount of the collecting agent is 0.5 time of the weight of the mineral powder; the inhibitor is water glass, and the dosage of the inhibitor is 0.6 times of the weight of the mineral powder; the foaming agent is pine oil, and the using amount of the foaming agent is 0.4 time of the weight of the mineral powder.
Step 4, mixing the mineral powder obtained in the step 3 with manganese dioxide, calcining, and compounding with a carrier to obtain a catalyst;
wherein the weight ratio of the mineral powder to the manganese dioxide is 1: 2, calcining at 900 ℃ for 40 min; the carrier is quartz sand, and the dosage of the carrier is 4 times of that of the calcined product.
By NH3As a reducing agent, the catalyst is used for carrying out catalytic reduction on NO, and the catalytic efficiency can reach 61%.
Example 3
A method for preparing a catalyst by using tailings comprises the following steps:
step 1, dewatering the iron tailings by a sludge dewatering machine, pouring the iron tailings into a jaw crusher for crushing, and then performing vibration screening on crushed tailing particles to obtain coarse-grained ore with the particle size of 120 mm.
Step 2, performing low-intensity magnetic separation and high-intensity magnetic separation on the coarse-grained ore obtained in the step 1 in sequence to obtain strong-intensity mineral powder;
the low-intensity magnetic separation and the high-intensity magnetic separation both adopt two-section magnetic separation, wherein the magnetic field intensity of one section of the high-intensity magnetic separation is 1.4T, and the magnetic field intensity of the other section is 2.0T; the magnetic field intensity of the first section of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 1.6T, and the magnetic field intensity of the second section of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 1.1T.
Step 3, dispersing the ferromagnetic mineral powder obtained in the step 2 in water, adding a collecting agent, an inhibitor and a foaming agent, adjusting the pH value to 10, and performing reverse flotation to obtain treated mineral powder;
the amount of water is 8 times of the weight of the mineral powder; the collecting agent is sodium oleate, and the using amount of the collecting agent is 0.8 time of the weight of the mineral powder; the inhibitor is water glass, and the dosage of the inhibitor is 0.6 times of the weight of the mineral powder; the foaming agent is pine oil, and the using amount of the foaming agent is 0.7 time of the weight of the mineral powder.
Step 4, mixing the mineral powder obtained in the step 3 with manganese dioxide, calcining, and compounding with a carrier to obtain a catalyst;
wherein the weight ratio of the mineral powder to the manganese dioxide is 3: 1, calcining at 800 ℃ for 60 min; the carrier is quartz sand, and the dosage of the carrier is 4 times of that of a calcined product.
By NH3As a reducing agent, the catalyst is used for catalytically reducing NO, and the catalytic efficiency can reach 52 percent.
Example 4
A method for preparing a catalyst by using tailings comprises the following steps:
step 1, dewatering the iron tailings by a sludge dewatering machine, pouring the iron tailings into a jaw crusher for crushing, and then performing vibration screening on crushed tailing particles to obtain coarse-grained ore with the particle size of 200 mm.
Step 2, performing low-intensity magnetic separation and high-intensity magnetic separation on the coarse-grained ore obtained in the step 1 in sequence to obtain strong-intensity mineral powder;
the low-intensity magnetic separation and the high-intensity magnetic separation both adopt two-section magnetic separation, wherein the magnetic field intensity of one section of the high-intensity magnetic separation is 1.2T, and the magnetic field intensity of the other section is 1.8T; the magnetic field intensity of the first section of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 1.3T, and the magnetic field intensity of the second section of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 0.8T.
Step 3, dispersing the ferromagnetic mineral powder obtained in the step 2 in water, adding a collecting agent, an inhibitor and a foaming agent, adjusting the pH value to 10, and performing reverse flotation to obtain treated mineral powder;
the amount of water is 10 times of the weight of the mineral powder; the collecting agent is sodium oleate, and the using amount of the collecting agent is 0.7 times of the weight of the mineral powder; the inhibitor is water glass, and the dosage of the inhibitor is 0.6 times of the weight of the mineral powder; the foaming agent is pine oil, and the using amount of the foaming agent is 0.5 time of the weight of the mineral powder.
Step 4, mixing the mineral powder obtained in the step 3 with manganese dioxide, calcining, and compounding with a carrier to obtain a catalyst;
wherein the weight ratio of the mineral powder to the manganese dioxide is 1: 2, calcining at 900 ℃ for 50 min; the carrier is quartz sand, and the dosage of the carrier is 4 times of that of the calcined product.
By NH3As a reducing agent, the catalyst is used for carrying out catalytic reduction on NO, and the catalytic efficiency can reach 57%.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing a catalyst by utilizing tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, dehydrating and crushing iron tailings, and screening crushed tailing particles to obtain coarse-grained ore with the particle size of 100-200 mm;
step 2, sequentially carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation and high-intensity magnetic separation on the coarse-grained ore obtained in the step 1 to obtain high-intensity magnetic ore powder;
step 3, dispersing the ferromagnetic mineral powder obtained in the step 2 in water, adding a collecting agent, an inhibitor and a foaming agent, adjusting the pH value to 7-10, and performing reverse flotation to obtain treated mineral powder;
and 4, mixing the mineral powder obtained in the step 3 with manganese dioxide, calcining, and compounding with a carrier to obtain the catalyst.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: and 2, adopting two-stage magnetic separation for both weak magnetic separation and strong magnetic separation.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the magnetic field intensity of the first section of the high-intensity magnetic separation is 1.2-1.4T, and the magnetic field intensity of the second section of the high-intensity magnetic separation is 1.8-2.0T; the magnetic field intensity of the first section of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 1.3-1.6T, and the magnetic field intensity of the second section is 0.8-1.1T.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, the amount of water is 5-10 times of the weight of the mineral powder; the collecting agent is sodium oleate, and the using amount of the collecting agent is 0.1-1 time of the weight of the mineral powder; the inhibitor is water glass, and the dosage of the inhibitor is 0.1-1 time of the weight of the mineral powder; the foaming agent is pine oil, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 0.1-1 time of the weight of the mineral powder.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the weight ratio of the mineral powder to the manganese dioxide is 5: 1-1: 5; the calcination condition is 800-1000 ℃ and 30-60 min.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step 4, the carrier is quartz sand, and the dosage of the carrier is 3-5 times of that of the calcined product.
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