CN114583669A - MMC-HVDC power transmission line protection method based on virtual energy adjustment deviation - Google Patents
MMC-HVDC power transmission line protection method based on virtual energy adjustment deviation Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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Abstract
A virtual energy regulation deviation-based MMC-HVDC power transmission line protection method is characterized in that virtual energy regulation deviation is obtained through calculation according to the difference of response characteristics of MMC control parameters to AC and DC side faults when a system fails, the AC and DC side faults are further distinguished based on the magnitude of the virtual energy regulation deviation, fault types are judged according to the ratio of the virtual energy regulation deviation of the anode and the cathode of a current converter, and rapid and reliable identification of faults in a DC line area is achieved. The invention can reliably identify the fault and the fault type in the direct current line area and has higher transition resistance capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of relay protection of a power system, in particular to an MMC-HVDC power transmission line protection method based on virtual energy regulation deviation.
Background
With the development of power electronic technology, a flexible direct-current power transmission system based on a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) has the advantages of low harmonic content, high efficiency, flexibility, controllability and the like, and has a wide application prospect. However, the flexible direct current system has small damping, and after a direct current line fault occurs, the fault current rises quickly, has a large peak value, and is easy to damage converter devices, equipment and the like. Therefore, in the flexible dc power transmission system, higher demands are made on the protection rapidity and reliability. In addition, as the output waveform quality of the MMC is high, a direct current filter, a smoothing reactor and the like do not need to be installed at the outlet of the converter station, and the boundary characteristic for protection and identification is lacked. Therefore, relay protection of the power transmission line becomes one of the key difficulties in development of the MMC-HVDC power transmission system.
In the existing high-voltage direct-current transmission system, widely applied protection methods mainly include traveling wave protection, differential undervoltage protection, differential protection and the like, and the applicability of the protection methods in the flexible direct-current transmission system is uncertain. At present, researches on fault characteristics and protection methods of MMC-HVDC transmission lines are gradually perfected, but the existing protection methods are mostly researched and have the problems that fault types cannot be comprehensively identified, pilot protection has high requirements on communication systems, line boundary elements are relied on, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the MMC-HVDC power transmission line protection method based on the virtual energy adjustment deviation, which can reliably identify the fault and the fault type in the direct-current line area and has higher transition resistance.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to an MMC-HVDC power transmission line protection method based on virtual energy regulation deviation, which is characterized in that the virtual energy regulation deviation is obtained by calculating the difference of response characteristics of MMC control parameters to AC and DC side faults when a system fails, the AC and DC side faults are further distinguished based on the magnitude of the virtual energy regulation deviation, and the fault type is judged according to the ratio of the anode and cathode virtual energy regulation deviations of a current converter, so that the rapid and reliable identification of faults in a DC line area is realized.
The system, specifically double-ended MMC-HVDC system structure, include: two converter stations connected by an overhead line, wherein: the first converter station adopts constant active power and constant reactive power control, the second converter station adopts constant direct current voltage and constant reactive power control, and protection is respectively arranged between the two converter stations and an overhead line.
The virtual energy adjustment deviation is
Wherein: i isd *(k) And Id(k) Sampled values, Δ I, of the d-axis current reference value and the actual value, respectivelyd *(k) And Δ Id(k) Respectively the variation of the d-axis current reference value and the actual value, IsetFor steady-state operation of the system IdAnd Id *N is the data window length. When the converter station is in a constant active power control mode, Id *(k) Using its correction value Idm *(k)＝Id *(k)-Kp2(Ps *-Ps(k))，Ps *、Ps(k) Are respectively asThe sampled values of the ac power reference value and the actual value.
The fault type judgment is as follows: according to the virtual energy adjustment deviation delta E value, the direct-current line fault is identified, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the system operates in a steady state, the virtual energy adjustment deviation delta E is 0; when the system is in fault, sampling value I of reference value and actual value of d-axis currentd *And IdWill deviate from its steady state value IsetIn the case of a dc fault, Δ E is positive, and Δ E is negative.
The criterion of the direct current side fault is as follows: delta E > Delta EsetIf the protection criterion is met, the direct current line is judged to have a fault, otherwise, the direct current line is judged to have an external fault, wherein: delta Eset＝krelΔEmaxΔ E is the virtual energy adjustment deviation 1ms after the fault, Δ EsetAdjusting a deviation threshold value for the virtual energy, wherein the value of the deviation threshold value is larger than the maximum value delta E of delta E fluctuation when the system normally operatesmaxConsidering a certain margin, the reliability coefficient k in the methodrelPreferably 2.
When a direct current side line has a fault, the virtual energy regulation deviation of a fault pole is larger than a threshold value. Due to electromagnetic coupling, when a single-pole ground fault occurs, the virtual energy adjustment deviation delta E of a non-fault pole possibly exceeds a threshold value through short-time voltage drop generated by the non-fault pole, but the value of the virtual energy adjustment deviation delta E is far smaller than that of the fault pole, so that the fault type can be selected by adopting the ratio of the virtual energy adjustment deviations of the positive pole and the negative pole.
Calculating the positive-negative ratio of the positive virtual energy regulating deviation
When K is more than 2, the positive pole is judged to be in fault, K<The negative pole fault is when the voltage is 0.5 or more, the bipolar fault is when the voltage is more than or equal to 0.5 or less and is less than or equal to 2, wherein: delta EpAdjusting the deviation, Δ E, for the positive virtual energynThe offset is adjusted for the negative virtual energy.
According to the direct-current side fault criterion and the direct-current fault type discrimination principle, the MMC-HVDC power transmission line protection method based on the virtual energy regulation deviation is designed. When d-axis current reference value I of converterd *With the actual value IdThe absolute value of the difference is greater than the setting value delta IsetWhen the protection is started, the protection is started. Respectively calculating the virtual energy regulation deviation delta E of the positive and negative pole current converters, if not exceeding the threshold value delta EsetAnd if not, calculating the ratio K of the virtual energy regulation deviation of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and judging the type of the direct current fault according to the K value.
The invention relates to a system for realizing the protection method, which comprises the following steps: data acquisition unit, data processing unit, data analysis unit and interactive unit, wherein: the data acquisition unit is connected with the data processing unit and the data analysis unit and transmits the acquired electric quantity d-axis current actual value output by the system; the data processing unit is connected with the data analysis unit and transmits the virtual energy regulation deviation and the positive and negative virtual energy regulation deviation ratio obtained through processing and calculation; and the data analysis unit is connected with the interaction unit and transmits the judgment results of the faults of the inside and the outside of the area and the faults of the anode and the cathode obtained after judgment.
Technical effects
The invention integrally solves the problem that the direct current line fault cannot be reliably identified in the existing MMC-HVDC system. Compared with the prior art, the fault in the direct current circuit area and various fault types can be reliably identified by calculating the virtual energy adjustment deviation, identifying the fault in the direct current circuit area according to the anode and cathode virtual energy adjustment deviation of the current converter and judging the fault type, and the single-end quantity protection has stronger speed and higher anti-transition resistance capability. The invention has lower requirement on the sampling rate, does not need to measure the electric quantity on the line and can reduce the economic cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an MMC-HVDC system architecture;
in the figure: converter station 1, converter station 2
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a protection scheme based on virtual energy tuning deviation;
FIGS. 3(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the operation of the protection R1 and R2 when a single-pole fault occurs in the midpoint of the DC line;
fig. 4(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the operation of the ac side fault protection R1 and R2, respectively.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a double-ended MMC-HVDC system structure, including: converter stations 1 and 2 connected by overhead lines, wherein: the converter station 1 adopts constant active power and constant reactive power control, the active reference value is 400MW, the reactive reference value is 0Mvar, the converter station 2 adopts constant direct current voltage and constant reactive power control, and the reactive reference value is 0 Mvar.
The MMC-HVDC system parameters are shown in Table 1, with a sampling frequency of 20 kHz.
TABLE 1
In this embodiment, protection R1 and R2 are provided between the converter stations 1 and 2 and the overhead line, respectively, and the protection R1And R2Respectively using the control parameter information of the back-side converter to judge the fault and respectively comparing R1And R2The feasibility of the protection scheme is verified, the fault occurrence time is 2s, the data window length is 1ms, and delta IsetTake 0.15, Kset1＝2，Kset20.5 for protection R1，ΔEsetTaken 0.05 for protection R2，ΔEsetTake 0.15.
In the embodiment, the virtual energy regulation deviation is calculated according to the difference of the response characteristics of the MMC control parameters to the alternating current side fault and the direct current side fault when the system fails, the alternating current side fault and the direct current side fault are further distinguished based on the magnitude of the virtual energy regulation deviation, the fault type is judged according to the ratio of the positive virtual energy regulation deviation and the negative virtual energy regulation deviation of the current converter, and the direct current line fault is quickly and reliably identified.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the variation of the control parameter of the two-end converter station and the protection R are respectively when the positive pole fault and the alternating current fault occur in the dc line1、R2The action condition of (1).
As shown in tables 2 and 3, protection R is respectively applied in different fault situations1、R2Act ofThe situation is. The simulation result shows that under the guidance of a protection method based on virtual energy regulation deviation, rapid and reliable identification of faults in an MMC-HVDC direct current transmission line area can be achieved.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
In conclusion, the method can reliably avoid false operation under the condition that the alternating current side has a fault, has strong transient resistance capability and can reliably operate under the condition of high-resistance grounding faults at different positions of the direct current side.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (5)
1. A MMC-HVDC transmission line protection method based on virtual energy adjustment deviation is characterized in that virtual energy adjustment deviation is obtained through calculation according to the difference of response characteristics of MMC control parameters to AC and DC side faults when a system fails, the AC and DC side faults are further distinguished based on the magnitude of the virtual energy adjustment deviation, fault types are judged according to the ratio of the virtual energy adjustment deviation of the anode and the cathode of a current converter, and rapid and reliable identification of faults in a DC line area is achieved;
the system, specifically double-ended MMC-HVDC system structure, include: two converter stations connected by an overhead line, wherein: the first convertor station adopts constant active power and constant reactive power for control, the second convertor station adopts constant direct-current voltage and constant reactive power for control, and protection is respectively arranged between the two convertor stations and the overhead line;
the fault type judgment is as follows: identifying the direct current line fault according to the value of the virtual energy regulation deviation delta E, which specifically comprises the following steps: when the system operates in a steady state, the virtual energy adjustment deviation delta E is 0; when the system is in fault, sampling value I of reference value and actual value of d-axis currentd *And IdWill deviate from its steady state value IsetWhen different changes occur, delta E is positive when a direct current side fails, and delta E is negative when an alternating current side fails;
the virtual energy adjustment deviation ratio of the positive pole and the negative pole of the current converter
When K is more than 2, the positive pole is judged to be in fault, K<The negative pole fault is when the voltage is 0.5 or more, the bipolar fault is when the voltage is more than or equal to 0.5 or less and is less than or equal to 2, wherein: delta EpAdjusting the deviation, Δ E, for the positive virtual energynThe offset is adjusted for the negative virtual energy.
2. The MMC-HVDC power transmission line protection method based on virtual energy regulation deviation of claim 1, wherein the virtual energy regulation deviation is:
3. The MMC-HVDC transmission line protection method based on virtual energy regulation deviation of claim 1, wherein the criterion of the DC side fault is as follows: delta E > Delta EsetIf the protection criterion is met, the direct current line is judged to have a fault, otherwise, the direct current line is judged to have an external fault, wherein: delta Eset＝krelΔEmaxΔ E is the virtual energy adjustment deviation 1ms after the fault, Δ EsetAdjusting a deviation threshold value for the virtual energy, the value of which is larger than the maximum value delta E of delta E fluctuation when the system is in normal operationmax。
4. The MMC-HVDC power transmission line protection method based on virtual energy regulation deviation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MMC-HVDC power transmission line protection method based on virtual energy regulation deviation is designed according to the above DC side fault criterion and DC fault type discrimination principle, and when a d-axis current reference value I of a converter is usedd *With the actual value IdThe absolute value of the difference is greater than the setting value delta IsetWhen the protection is started, the virtual energy regulation deviation delta E of the positive and negative pole current converters is respectively calculated, and if the virtual energy regulation deviation delta E does not exceed the threshold value delta E of the positive and negative pole current converters, the protection is startedsetAnd if not, calculating the ratio K of the virtual energy regulation deviation of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and judging the type of the direct current fault according to the K value.
5. A system for implementing the protection method of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: data acquisition unit, data processing unit, data analysis unit and interactive unit, wherein: the data acquisition unit is connected with the data processing unit and the data analysis unit and transmits the acquired electric quantity d-axis current actual value output by the system; the data processing unit is connected with the data analysis unit and transmits the virtual energy regulation deviation and the positive and negative virtual energy regulation deviation ratio obtained through processing and calculation; and the data analysis unit is connected with the interaction unit and transmits the judgment results of the faults of the inside and the outside of the area and the faults of the anode and the cathode obtained after judgment.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN109061397A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2018-12-21 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of line fault area recognizing method |
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| WO2018094862A1 (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-05-31 | 许继集团有限公司 | Method for identifying single pole ground fault in vsc-dc power distribution network, and single pole ground fault protection method for vsc-dc power distribution network |
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| CN111398851A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-10 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | MMC-HVDC direct current transmission line fault detection method |
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| Title |
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Application publication date: 20220603 |