CN114583666B - Vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch voltage distribution method - Google Patents
Vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch voltage distribution method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114583666B CN114583666B CN202011387868.3A CN202011387868A CN114583666B CN 114583666 B CN114583666 B CN 114583666B CN 202011387868 A CN202011387868 A CN 202011387868A CN 114583666 B CN114583666 B CN 114583666B
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 36
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
- H02H7/222—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices for switches
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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Abstract
The invention provides a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch voltage distribution method, wherein a first fracture C is arranged between a fixed contact and a moving contact of the vacuum mechanical switch Fracture 1 The gas engineA second fracture C is arranged between the fixed contact and the moving contact of the mechanical switch Fracture 2 The voltage distribution method comprises the following steps: calculating the first fracture C under different opening distances Fracture 1 And the second fracture C Fracture 2 Constructing an equivalent capacitance model; designing an RC voltage distribution circuit; at the first fracture C Fracture 1 And the second fracture C Fracture 2 The RC voltage distribution circuits are all connected in parallel. According to the invention, the series voltage distribution of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch is realized through the RC circuit, the method is simple and reliable, the reliable series voltage distribution of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch can be realized, further, the heavy breakdown of the mechanical switch caused by the transient recovery voltage after the arc due to unreasonable voltage distribution is prevented, and the reliable switching-on and switching-off of the hybrid direct current breaker are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct current circuit breakers, which are one of key equipment of a direct current power grid, and particularly relates to a voltage distribution method of a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch.
Background
The flexible direct current power grid has complex and various system main wiring structures and operation modes, so that the direct current system has multiple fault modes, rapid fault development and wide influence range. Therefore, fault isolation technology of the flexible direct current power grid is urgently needed to ensure safe and reliable operation of the flexible direct current power grid. The direct current circuit breaker is the most ideal choice for realizing direct current fault isolation in a direct current power transmission and distribution system. The hybrid dc circuit breaker is one of the main development directions of the high-voltage dc circuit breaker because of the fast switching characteristics of the solid-state dc circuit breaker and the low-loss characteristics of the mechanical dc circuit breaker.
For a natural commutation type hybrid direct current breaker (topological structure is shown in fig. 1) in which a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch are connected in series, under the conditions of the switching-on and switching-off process and steady state, the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch can have uneven voltage distribution due to different fracture distribution capacitances.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a vacuum mechanical switch and a method for distributing voltages of a gas mechanical switch.
In the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch voltage distribution method of the invention, a first fracture C is arranged between a fixed contact and a moving contact of the vacuum mechanical switch Fracture 1 A second fracture C is arranged between the fixed contact and the moving contact of the gas mechanical switch Fracture 2 ，
The voltage distribution method comprises the following steps:
calculating the first fracture C under different opening distances Fracture 1 And the second fracture C Fracture 2 Constructing an equivalent capacitance model;
designing an RC voltage distribution circuit;
at the first fracture C Fracture 1 And the second fracture C Fracture 2 The RC voltage distribution circuits are all connected in parallel.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the distributed capacitance includes: the first fracture C Fracture 1 Distributed capacitance C of (2) 12 The second fracture C Fracture 2 Distributed capacitance C of (2) 23 The first fracture C Fracture 1 And a second fracture C Fracture 2 Is the overall distributed capacitance C of (2) 13 。
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
using said first break C at a nominal distance Fracture 1 And the second fracture C Fracture 2 Is used for voltage distribution design.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the RC voltage distribution circuit comprises a voltage distribution capacitor C, a voltage distribution resistor R1 and a current limiting resistor R2,
wherein,,
the voltage distribution capacitor C and the current limiting resistor R2 form a voltage distribution series structure C-R2, and the voltage distribution series structure C-R2 is connected with the voltage distribution resistor R1 in parallel.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
when the voltage distribution resistor R1 is designed, the constraint of heating power and the insulation capability of the circuit breaker is required to be met, and the time constant of the transition process is shortened.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the first fracture C is arranged Fracture 1 The voltage distribution resistor R1 of (1) has a magnitude of R11, and a second break C Fracture 2 The voltage distribution resistor R1 of (C) is R12, and the steady-state total bearing of the double-break is U, the first break C Fracture 1 The calculation formula of the heating power of the voltage distribution resistor R1 is as followsThe second fracture C Fracture 2 The heating power calculation formula of the voltage distribution resistor R1 of (B) is +.>
The insulating capability of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch is characterized by off-state leakage current, and the off-state leakage current expression is
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the design method of the voltage distribution capacitor C comprises the following steps: based on a serial structure of a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch which are connected in parallel with the RC voltage distribution circuit, electromagnetic transient process simulation after the solid switch is opened is carried out, the value of the current limiting resistor R2 is temporarily set, the values of voltage distribution capacitors C in the two RC voltage distribution circuits are changed, and the voltage distribution coefficients under different voltage distribution capacitor C combinations and the first fracture C are calculated Fracture 1 And a second fracture C Fracture 2 And selecting the first fracture C Fracture 1 And a second fracture C Fracture 2 The transient overvoltages of (a) are all within the respective withstand threshold.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the value mode of the voltage distribution capacitor C can be used for obtaining the voltage distribution capacitor C 12 、C 23 Equal, two voltage-distributing capacitances C can also be traversed 12 、C 23 Is a combination of values of (a).
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
and determining the value of the current limiting resistor R2 according to the value of the expected transient current of the voltage distribution capacitor C.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the transient current and the transient heating value of the voltage distribution capacitor C under the transient overvoltage are measured in a simulation way to determine the value of the current limiting resistor R2,
wherein,,
and modifying the value of the current limiting resistor R2, and obtaining the value of the current limiting resistor R2 under the condition that the transient current and transient heating value requirements are satisfied.
According to the invention, the series voltage distribution of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch is realized through the RC circuit, the method is simple and reliable, the reliable series voltage distribution of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch can be realized, further, the heavy breakdown of the mechanical switch caused by the transient recovery voltage after the arc due to unreasonable voltage distribution is prevented, and the reliable switching-on and switching-off of the hybrid direct current breaker are ensured.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a topological structure diagram of a natural commutation type hybrid dc breaker in which a vacuum mechanical switch is connected in series with a gas mechanical switch according to the related art;
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary diagram of a three-dimensional simulated computing model of a mechanical switch in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary graph of a dual-port series equivalent capacitance model in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a topology diagram of an RC voltage distribution circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a topological structure diagram of a natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker in which a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch are connected in series by using the voltage distribution method of the present invention. The natural commutation type hybrid direct current circuit breaker includes: the main through-flow branch, the transfer branch and the energy absorption branch are connected in parallel. The main through-flow branch is formed by connecting a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch in series, so as to form a serial structure of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch; the transfer branch is formed by connecting two-way solid-state switch modules in series; the energy absorption branch consists of metal oxide piezoresistors (Metal Oxide Varistors, MOV).
The voltage distribution method of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch comprises the following steps:
A. first, respectively establishing a vacuum mechanical switch and a gasAnd a three-dimensional simulation calculation model of the mechanical switch. Fig. 2 shows an example of a model of any one of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch, and as can be seen from the model, the mechanical switch is arranged on the switch base, and a moving contact is arranged on the repulsive force mechanism box, and the fixed contact is opposite to the moving contact at intervals. The vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch are provided with mechanical breaks (each mechanical break is composed of a moving contact and a fixed contact of the corresponding mechanical switch). In the model, the electrical connection positions of adjacent mechanical breaks are set to equal electric potentials. FIG. 3 shows an example graph of a double-break series equivalent capacitance model of a vacuum mechanical switch in series with a gas mechanical switch, where C Fracture 1 And C Fracture 2 Mechanical break in vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch respectively, C 12 And C 23 Respectively C Fracture 1 And C Fracture 2 Distributed capacitance of C 13 Is C Fracture 1 And C Fracture 2 Is a distributed capacitance of the whole.
The modeling can be carried out on only the mechanical switch, or other components such as the lightning arrester and the solid state switch can be taken into consideration according to the actual whole structure, namely the modeling can be carried out on only the main through-flow branch, or the modeling can be carried out on the basis of the main through-flow branch, and then the modeling can be carried out on the combination of the transfer branch and/or the energy absorption branch.
B. Calculating distributed capacitance C under different distances in three-dimensional calculation software 12 、C 23 And C 13 In fig. 3, in a normal case, when the opening distance between the moving contact and the fixed contact of the mechanical switch reaches the rated opening distance, the fracture capacitance is minimum, and the degree of voltage non-uniformity is maximum, and the design of voltage distribution can be performed by using the distributed capacitance of the mechanical fracture under the opening distance. Under a certain voltage, a certain distance is reached between a moving contact and a fixed contact of the mechanical switch, and when the mechanical switch is not broken down again, the distance is a rated opening distance.
C. And designing an RC voltage distribution circuit, and connecting the RC voltage distribution circuit in parallel with the vacuum mechanical fracture and the gas mechanical fracture of the series equivalent capacitance model, wherein the topological structure of the RC voltage distribution circuit is shown in figure 4. In the RC voltage distribution circuit shown in fig. 4, R1 is a voltage distribution resistor, C is a voltage distribution capacitor, and R2 is a current limiting resistor. The voltage distribution capacitor C and the current limiting resistor R2 form a voltage distribution series structure C-R2, and the voltage distribution series structure C-R2 is connected with the voltage distribution resistor R1 in parallel.
The voltage distribution resistor R1 is used for carrying out voltage distribution under the steady state condition, and the design principle is that the target value of the voltage distribution resistor R1 is not excessively large under the constraint of meeting the heating power and the insulation capability of the circuit breaker so as to shorten the time constant of the transient process. The target value of the voltage distribution resistor R1 may be adjusted according to the particular vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch selected. The transition process refers to a transition process from bearing dynamic overvoltage (namely a capacitor voltage distribution stage) to bearing steady-state voltage (namely a resistor voltage distribution stage) under the state of opening a vacuum mechanical switch and a fracture of a gas mechanical switch; is connected in parallel with the first fracture C Fracture 1 The voltage distribution resistor R1 of (1) is of the size R11 and is connected in parallel with the second fracture C Fracture 2 The voltage distribution resistor R1 of the vacuum mechanical switch is R12, and the double-break steady-state total bearing of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch is U. Then the first fracture C Fracture 1 The calculation formula of the heating power of the voltage distribution resistor R1 is as followsSecond fracture C Fracture 2 The heating power calculation formula of the voltage distribution resistor R1 of (B) is +.>The upper limit constraint of the heating power can be obtained from the element manual of the resistor. The insulating capacity of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch is characterized by off-state leakage current, and the expression is +.>The constraints on leakage current of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch can be obtained from the technical parameter requirements of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch.
The voltage distribution capacitor C plays a role in determining the voltage distribution effect of transient process and is designed by a method based on parallel RC voltageThe series structure of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch after the distribution circuit is used for performing electromagnetic transient process simulation after the solid state switch is opened and closed, tentatively setting the value of the current limiting resistor R2, changing the value of the voltage distribution capacitor C in the two RC voltage distribution circuits, and calculating the voltage distribution coefficients and the first fracture C under the combination of different voltage distribution capacitors C Fracture 1 And a second fracture C Fracture 2 And selecting a first break C Fracture 1 And a second fracture C Fracture 2 The transient overvoltages of (a) are all within the respective withstand threshold.
In general, after the medium recovery is finished, the maximum transient overvoltage that the gas fracture can bear is larger than that of the vacuum fracture, and this needs to be considered when setting the overvoltage threshold.
The value mode of the voltage distribution capacitor C can be used for taking two voltage distribution capacitors C 12 、C 23 Equal, two voltage-dividing capacitances C can also be traversed 12 、C 23 Is a combination of values of (a).
Under the condition that the maximum transient overvoltage of each fracture is not over the rated withstand voltage, the voltage distribution capacitance should not be too large. The larger the voltage distribution capacitor C is, the larger the transient current peak value is, so that the safety of the voltage distribution capacitor C is not facilitated, and other devices of the direct current breaker are affected.
After R1 and C are determined, a current limiting resistor R2 is finally determined, the current limiting resistor R2 has the function of improving the problem that the transient current of the voltage distribution capacitor is overlarge, the larger the R2 is, the smaller the transient current of the voltage distribution capacitor is, the value of the voltage distribution capacitor can be determined through simulation according to the expected transient current of the voltage distribution capacitor C, and the simulation value process is as follows: on the premise of determining R1 and C, a circuit model comprising a double-break equivalent capacitance network and a parallel voltage distribution circuit can be built in electromagnetic transient simulation software EMTDC. And the transient current and the transient heating value of the voltage distribution capacitor C under the studied transient overvoltage are measured in a simulation mode. The upper limit of the transient current can be referred to the element manual of the voltage distribution capacitor C, and the upper limit of the transient heating value can be referred to the element manual of R2. By modifying the value of R2, the value of the current limiting resistor R2 is obtained under the condition that the transient current and transient heating value requirements are met, because the larger current limiting resistor has a certain negative effect on transient voltage distribution. The value of the current limiting resistor R2 can be adjusted according to the specific vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch selected.
The MOV voltage limit level 800kV of a 500kV hybrid dc circuit breaker determines the peak transient voltage that needs to be sustained and the actual components are tailored to meet this value.
4) The current limiting resistor and the voltage distribution capacitor meet the voltage distribution coefficient standard when being selected, the transient current peak value of the voltage distribution capacitor is in an bearable range, and meanwhile, the current limiting resistor also needs to consider the energy absorption capacity to meet the transient heating power requirement.
D. And performing simulation verification again on the finally determined parameters, building a test platform, and verifying the simulation accuracy and the reliability of the voltage distribution circuit.
The voltage distribution method of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch can prevent the transient recovery voltage after the arc from striking through the mechanical switch again and ensure the reliable opening and closing of the hybrid direct current breaker.
Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch voltage distribution method, wherein a first fracture C is arranged between a fixed contact and a moving contact of the vacuum mechanical switch Fracture 1 A second fracture C is arranged between the fixed contact and the moving contact of the gas mechanical switch Fracture 2 ，
The voltage distribution method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating the first fracture C under different opening distances Fracture 1 And the second fracture C Fracture 2 Is used for constructing equivalent electricityA capacity model;
designing an RC voltage distribution circuit; the RC voltage distribution circuit comprises a voltage distribution capacitor C, a voltage distribution resistor R1 and a current limiting resistor R2, when the voltage distribution resistor R1 is designed, the constraint of heating power and the insulation capacity of a circuit breaker is required to be met, and the time constant of the transition process is shortened; the design method of the voltage distribution capacitor C comprises the following steps: based on a serial structure of a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch which are connected in parallel with the RC voltage distribution circuit, electromagnetic transient process simulation after the solid switch is opened is carried out, the value of the current limiting resistor R2 is temporarily set, the values of voltage distribution capacitors C in the two RC voltage distribution circuits are changed, and the voltage distribution coefficients under different voltage distribution capacitor C combinations and the first fracture C are calculated Fracture 1 And a second fracture C Fracture 2 And selecting the first fracture C Fracture 1 And a second fracture C Fracture 2 Voltage distribution capacitance C combinations with transient overvoltages within respective withstand thresholds; determining the value of the current limiting resistor R2 according to the value of the expected transient current of the voltage distribution capacitor C;
at the first fracture C Fracture 1 And the second fracture C Fracture 2 The RC voltage distribution circuits are all connected in parallel.
2. A method for voltage distribution between a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch according to claim 1,
the distributed capacitance includes: the first fracture C Fracture 1 Distributed capacitance C of (2) 12 The second fracture C Fracture 2 Distributed capacitance C of (2) 23 The first fracture C Fracture 1 And a second fracture C Fracture 2 Is the overall distributed capacitance C of (2) 13 。
3. A method for voltage distribution between a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch according to claim 2,
using said first break C at a nominal distance Fracture 1 And the second fracture C Fracture 2 Voltage division by distributed capacitance of (2)And (5) matching design.
4. A method of voltage distribution for a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the voltage distribution capacitor C and the current limiting resistor R2 form a voltage distribution series arrangement C-R2, the voltage distribution series arrangement C-R2 being connected in parallel with the voltage distribution resistor R1.
5. A method for voltage distribution between a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch according to claim 1,
the first fracture C is arranged Fracture 1 The voltage distribution resistor R1 of (1) has a magnitude of R11, and a second break C Fracture 2 The voltage distribution resistor R1 of (C) is R12, and the steady-state total bearing of the double-break is U, the first break C Fracture 1 The calculation formula of the heating power of the voltage distribution resistor R1 is as followsThe second fracture C Fracture 2 The heating power calculation formula of the voltage distribution resistor R1 of (B) is +.>
The insulating capability of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch is characterized by off-state leakage current, and the off-state leakage current expression is
6. A method for voltage distribution between a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that,
the value mode of the voltage distribution capacitor C is to traverse two voltage distribution capacitors C 12 、C 23 Is a combination of values of (a).
7. The method of claim 6, wherein,
the transient current and the transient heating value of the voltage distribution capacitor C under the transient overvoltage are measured in a simulation way to determine the value of the current limiting resistor R2,
wherein,,
and modifying the value of the current limiting resistor R2, and obtaining the value of the current limiting resistor R2 under the condition that the transient current and transient heating value requirements are satisfied.
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| CN102364655A (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2012-02-29 | 武汉大学 | Dynamic voltage sharing device of multi-break vacuum circuit breaker and parameter selection method for dynamic voltage sharing device |
| CN202332692U (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2012-07-11 | 武汉大学 | Dynamic pressure-equalizing device for multi-fracture high-pressure vacuum circuit breaker |
| FR2985082B1 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2014-02-21 | Alstom Technology Ltd | MECATRONIC CIRCUIT BREAKER DEVICE AND RELATIVE TRIGGERING METHOD AND APPLICATION TO HIGH CONTINUOUS CURRENT CUTTING |
| CN206834738U (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2018-01-02 | 安徽一天电气技术股份有限公司 | Switch limits device of restriking |
| CN108919109B (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2021-05-18 | 武汉大学 | Dynamic voltage-sharing simulation test method for multi-fracture high-voltage direct-current quick mechanical switch |
| CN111463747B (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2022-05-17 | 思源电气股份有限公司 | Direct-current circuit breaker and control method thereof |
| CN110266033B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2022-12-23 | 武汉大学 | Voltage-sharing simulation method for series-connection multi-break mechanical switch in hybrid direct-current circuit breaker |
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| CN106451338A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-02-22 | 西安交通大学 | Magnetic induction transferred DC circuit breaker |
| CN106558866A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-04-05 | 西安交通大学 | One kind is without arc dc circuit breaker and its using method |
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