CN114583459B - Multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna - Google Patents
Multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114583459B CN114583459B CN202210356433.5A CN202210356433A CN114583459B CN 114583459 B CN114583459 B CN 114583459B CN 202210356433 A CN202210356433 A CN 202210356433A CN 114583459 B CN114583459 B CN 114583459B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna, which comprises a radiation layer and a feed layer which are oppositely arranged, wherein the radiation layer comprises a first conductive plate, and the first conductive plate is provided with a plurality of through holes with coupling branches; the feed layer includes the second conductive plate that intercommunication waveguide and a plurality of intervals set up, and each second conductive plate all is provided with conductive ridge and a plurality of conducting rods around conductive ridge, and each conductive ridge all has the clearance in the direction of keeping away from the second conductive plate that is equipped with this conductive ridge to form ridge clearance waveguide, and the ridge clearance waveguide of two adjacent second conductive plates communicates through the intercommunication waveguide, and the conductive ridge of the second conductive plate of adjoining radiation layer includes a plurality of feed ridge sections, and each feed ridge section and through-hole one-to-one coupling. The array antenna distributes the feed network to the second conductive plates, the structural form of each second conductive plate can be simplified, and the plane size of each second conductive plate can be smaller, thereby being beneficial to reducing the plane size of the array antenna and being beneficial to the miniaturization design of the wireless communication system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna.
Background
In order to ensure the normal and safe operation of the rail train, the rail train and the ground control center need to exchange real-time information. At present, three main modes of information interaction of vehicle-ground communication exist: microwave millimeter wave communication, LCX (Leaky Coaxial Cable, i.e., leaky coaxial cable) and inter-rail cable. The microwave and millimeter wave communication has the advantages of low cost, mature technology, convenient installation and the like, and is a mainstream vehicle-ground communication mode.
A common millimeter wave antenna comprises a horn antenna, a dielectric lens and a circularly polarized shaped reflecting plate, wherein a rectangular-to-circular transition section of the horn antenna is directly connected with a BJ320 rectangular waveguide, the horn antenna generates a linearly polarized wider radiation beam, a relatively narrower beam is formed after the radiation beam is focused by the dielectric lens, and a circularly polarized horizontal beam is formed after the linearly polarized narrow beam is reflected by the circularly polarized reflecting plate which is arranged at an inclination of 45 degrees.
The antenna form based on the reflecting surface antenna can meet the communication requirement to a certain extent, but has the main defects of large size and high height of the antenna, and is easy to increase the running resistance of the rail train.
An array antenna based on ridge gaps is a more advanced antenna form than a reflector antenna. However, the planar size of the array antenna is relatively large due to the huge feed network, which restricts miniaturization of the vehicle-mounted wireless communication system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna, which can reduce the plane size.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna, which comprises a radiation layer and a feed layer which are oppositely arranged, wherein the radiation layer comprises a first conductive plate, and the first conductive plate is provided with a plurality of through holes with coupling branches; the feed layer comprises a communicating waveguide and a plurality of second conductive plates arranged at intervals, each second conductive plate is provided with a conductive ridge and a plurality of conductive rods surrounding the conductive ridge, gaps exist among the conductive ridges in the direction away from the second conductive plates provided with the conductive ridges, so that ridge gap waveguides are formed, the ridge gap waveguides of two adjacent second conductive plates are communicated through the communicating waveguide, the conductive ridges of the second conductive plates adjacent to the radiation layer comprise a plurality of feed ridge sections, and the feed ridge sections are coupled with the through holes in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
By adopting the scheme, the feed network required by the array antenna can be dispersed to each second conductive plate, and the quantity of conductive ridges and conductive rods required by each second conductive plate can be reduced, so that the structural form of each second conductive plate can be relatively simple, and the second conductive plates can be conveniently processed and prepared; and the plane size of each second conductive plate can be smaller, which is beneficial to reducing the plane size of the finally formed array antenna, thereby being beneficial to the miniaturization design of the wireless communication system.
Optionally, in the two adjacent second conductive plates, the upper level second conductive plates are provided with communication holes, the communication waveguide comprises the communication holes, lower-level coamings and upper-level coamings arranged on two sides of the upper level second conductive plates, and a space surrounded by the lower-level coamings is communicated with a space surrounded by the upper-level coamings through the communication holes.
Optionally, the communication waveguide further comprises a lower-stage matching part, the lower-stage matching part is connected with the inner plate wall of the lower-stage coaming, the lower-stage matching part is provided with a lower-stage matching surface, and the lower-stage matching surface is arranged opposite to the communication hole; the conductive ridge of the lower-stage second conductive plate comprises a switching transition ridge section connected with the communication waveguide, and the lower-stage matching surface gradually inclines towards the upper-stage second conductive plate along the direction away from the switching transition ridge section.
Optionally, the communication waveguide further includes an upper stage matching portion, the upper stage matching portion is connected with an inner plate wall of the upper stage coaming, and the upper stage matching portion has an upper stage matching surface, and the upper stage matching surface is opposite to the communication hole; the conductive ridge of the upper-level second conductive plate comprises a switching transition ridge section connected with the communication waveguide, and the upper-level matching surface gradually inclines towards the upper-level second conductive plate along the direction away from the switching transition ridge section.
Optionally, in each second conductive plate, an inlet waveguide is arranged on the second conductive plate farthest from the radiation layer, the conductive ridge of the second conductive plate further comprises an inlet transition ridge section connected with the inlet waveguide, and one surface of the inlet transition ridge section away from the second conductive plate on which the inlet transition ridge section is arranged is an inclined surface or a step surface; the conductive ridge of each second conductive plate comprises a switching transition ridge section connected with the communication waveguide, and one surface of the switching transition ridge section, which is far away from the second conductive plate provided with the switching transition ridge section, is an inclined surface or a step surface.
Optionally, each conductive ridge includes at least one work segment, the work segment including an input end and two output ends, the input end and the two output ends being connected.
Optionally, two output ends are connected, and two output ends extend in same direction, two the junction of output ends is in one side of deviating from the input end is provided with the breach, the input end includes thin neck and thick neck, the input end passes through thick neck with two output ends link to each other.
Optionally, the conductive ridge comprises a number of corner segments, the outer end sides of which are provided with cutouts.
Optionally, the feed ridge section is L-shaped and comprises a horizontal part and a vertical part which are connected, and an included angle of 3.5-4.5 degrees is formed between the end surface of the horizontal part, which is far away from the vertical part, and the extending direction of the coupling branch.
Optionally, the first conductive plate is provided with two parallel slit linear arrays, each slit linear array comprises a plurality of through holes, and a central line is arranged between the two slit linear arrays; in each second conductive plate, the conductive ridge of the second conductive plate farthest from the radiation layer comprises an entrance transition ridge section, the extending direction of the entrance transition ridge section is parallel to the central line, and the following relation is satisfied between the distance L between the entrance transition ridge section and the central line and the wavelength lambda of the electromagnetic wave to be transmitted: l= (n+1/4) λ, where n is a natural number.
Optionally, the first conductive plate includes a thin plate area, and the two slit linear arrays are uniformly distributed in the thin plate area.
Optionally, in each of the second conductive plates, the second conductive plate farthest from the radiation layer is provided with an inlet waveguide, and the conductive ridge of the second conductive plate is formed with two opposite feeding network modules, and the two feeding network modules are connected with the inlet waveguide.
Optionally, the number of the second conductive plates is two.
Optionally, the materials of the first conductive plate, the communication waveguide, the second conductive plate, the conductive ridge and the conductive rod are all aluminum.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a slot array antenna with multi-layer gap waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an upper second conductive plate;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 2 at another view angle;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a lower second conductive plate;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a partial view of the first conductive plate, the upper second conductive plate, and the lower second conductive plate;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a mating block diagram of a coupling knuckle and a feed ridge segment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a work segment;
FIG. 11 is a radiation pattern of an array antenna according to the present invention in elevation;
fig. 12 is a radiation pattern of the array antenna provided by the invention on the azimuth plane;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the variation of the axial ratio with frequency in the main radiation direction of the array antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 14 is a graph showing the variation of gain with frequency in the main radiation direction of the array antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 15 is a standing wave diagram of an array antenna according to the present invention.
The reference numerals in fig. 1-10 are illustrated as follows:
the radiation layer, the first 11 conductive plate, the 111 through hole and the 111a coupling branch and 112 gap linear array;
the feed layer 2, the 21-pass waveguide, the 211-pass via, the 212-lower-stage shroud, the 213-upper-stage shroud, the 214-lower-stage matching section, the 214 a-lower-stage matching surface, the 215-upper-stage matching section, the 215 a-upper-stage matching surface, the 22-second conductive plate, the 22 a-lower-stage feed network module, the 22 b-upper-stage feed network module, the 23-conductive ridge, the 231-feed ridge segment, the 231-a cross section, the 231-b vertical section, the 232-pass transition ridge segment, the 233-inlet transition ridge segment, the 234-work segment, the 234a input end, the 234a-1 thin neck, the 234a-2 thick neck, the 234b output end, the 234c notch, the 235-corner segment, the 235a notch, the 24-conductive bar, the 25-ridge gap waveguide, and the 27-inlet waveguide.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The term "plurality" as used herein refers to a plurality, typically two or more, of indefinite quantities; and when "a number" is used to denote the number of a certain number of components, the number of components is not necessarily related to each other.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, herein are merely used for convenience in describing two or more structures or components that are identical or functionally similar, and do not denote any particular limitation of order and/or importance.
An array antenna based on a ridge gap is a rectangular antenna. In general, the array antenna includes a feed plate (conductive plate) and a radiation plate (conductive plate); the feed plate is provided with conductive ridges and conductive rods, and the conductive ridges and the radiation plate are in clearance arrangement to form ridge clearance waveguides; the conductive rod is arranged around the conductive ridge, and the conductive rod and the adjacent feed plate/radiation plate can be combined to form an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure, so that electromagnetic wave signals can only propagate in the ridge gap waveguide along the extending direction of the conductive ridge based on the forbidden band characteristics of the conductive rod, and the electromagnetic wave signals can be ensured to propagate according to the set direction.
However, the feeding network formed on the feeding board is huge, so that the structural form of the conductive ridges is complex, and when the conductive ridges are all arranged on the single-layer feeding board, the planar size of the array antenna is relatively large, which is unfavorable for the miniaturization design of the wireless communication system. In practice, the feeding plate and the radiating plate are generally parallel, and thus, reference herein to a planar dimension refers to the dimension of the feeding plate or the radiating plate in the plane, including the length and width.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna, which is provided with a plurality of layers of feed plates, and then a relatively complex feed network can be dispersed in each feed plate, so that the structure of each feed plate is simplified, the plane size of each feed plate can be reduced, and the technical aim of reducing the plane size of the array antenna can be realized, thereby being beneficial to the miniaturization design of a wireless communication system, in particular a vehicle-mounted wireless communication system.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper second conductive plate, fig. 3 is a plan view of fig. 2, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of fig. 2 at another viewing angle, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower second conductive plate, fig. 6 is a plan view of fig. 5, fig. 7 is a partial view of a first conductive plate, an upper second conductive plate and a lower second conductive plate, fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 7, fig. 9 is a mating structure diagram of a coupling branch and a feeding ridge section, and fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a power segment.
As shown in fig. 1, an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a radiation layer 1 and a feed layer 2 that are disposed opposite to each other. The radiation layer 1 comprises a first conductive plate 11, the first conductive plate 11 is provided with a plurality of through holes 111 with coupling branches 111a, the through holes 111 can form a circularly polarized radiation unit, an additional polarization conversion device is not needed, the size of the antenna is reduced, and the installation is convenient; the number and distribution of the through holes 111 are not limited herein. Referring to fig. 2 to 8, the feeding layer 2 includes a communicating waveguide 21 and a plurality of second conductive plates 22 disposed at intervals, each of the second conductive plates 22 being provided with a conductive ridge 23 and a plurality of conductive rods 24 surrounding the conductive ridge 23.
In the assembled state, the first conductive plate 11 and each second conductive plate 22 may be connected by a connecting member in the form of a bolt, a screw, or the like, with a certain spacing such that each conductive ridge 23 may have a gap in a direction away from the second conductive plate 22 provided with the conductive ridge 23 to form a ridge gap waveguide 25. Wherein a second conductive plate 22 adjoining the first conductive plate 11 has a conductive ridge 23 in clearance fit with the first conductive plate 11 for forming a ridge clearance waveguide 25 between the second conductive plate 22 and the first conductive plate 11; the conductive ridge 23 of each of the remaining second conductive plates 22 is in clearance fit with the adjacent second conductive plates 22 to form a ridge clearance waveguide 25 between the adjacent second conductive plates 22.
The ridge gap waveguides 25 of the adjacent two second conductive plates 22 are communicated by the communicating waveguide 21, and the communicating waveguide 21 can realize 180-degree turning of the electromagnetic wave signal so as to realize propagation of the electromagnetic wave signal in the ridge gap waveguides 25 of the adjacent second conductive plates 22. The conductive ridge 23 of the second conductive plate 22 adjoining the radiation layer 1 comprises a number of feed ridge segments 231, each feed ridge segment 231 being coupled in a one-to-one correspondence with a via 111 for coupling an electromagnetic wave signal to the radiation layer 1. The parameter information such as wavelength and frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal is not limited herein, and the electromagnetic wave signal may be generally in the Ka band when applied to the field of vehicle-to-ground communication.
By adopting the scheme, the feed network required by the array antenna can be dispersed to each second conductive plate 22, and the quantity of the conductive ridges 23 and the conductive rods 24 required by each second conductive plate 22 can be reduced, so that the structural form of each second conductive plate 22 can be relatively simple, and the processing and the preparation of the second conductive plates 22 can be facilitated; in addition, the planar dimensions of the second conductive plates 22 can be made smaller, which is also beneficial to reducing the planar dimensions of the finally formed array antenna, so as to facilitate the miniaturization design of the wireless communication system.
Here, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the number of the second conductive plates 22, and in specific practice, one skilled in the art may set according to actual needs.
In the embodiment of the drawings, as shown in fig. 1, the number of the second conductive plates 22 may be two. Thus, the reduction of the planar size of the array antenna can be realized, and the normal size (the size in the direction perpendicular to the plane of each conductive plate) of the array antenna is not excessively increased; in addition, the amount of the communication waveguide 21 can be reduced, and the number of times of 180-degree turning of the electromagnetic wave signal in the propagation process can be reduced, so that the reflection and attenuation of the electromagnetic wave signal in the propagation process can be reduced to a great extent.
In addition, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the structural form of the communication waveguide 21, and in specific practice, a person skilled in the art may set the communication waveguide 21 according to actual needs, as long as the communication waveguide 21 can implement 180-degree "turn" propagation of the electromagnetic wave signal in the ridge gap waveguides 25 of the adjacent two second conductive plates 22.
For convenience of description, the adjacent two second conductive plates 22 may be referred to as an upper second conductive plate 22 and a lower second conductive plate 22, respectively, in which: the upper second conductive plate 22 is relatively close to the radiation layer 1, and its structural form can be referred to fig. 2-4; the lower second conductive plate 22 is relatively far from the radiation layer 1, and its structural form can be referred to fig. 5 and 6.
The upper second conductive plate 22 may be provided with a communication hole 211. The communication waveguide 21 may include a communication hole 211 and lower and upper coamings 212 and 213 provided at both sides of the upper second conductive plate 22; wherein the lower shroud 212 may be located at a side of the upper second conductive plate 22 facing the lower second conductive plate 22, and the upper shroud 213 may be located at a side of the upper second conductive plate 22 facing away from the lower second conductive plate 22. The space surrounded by the lower-stage surrounding plate 212 and the space surrounded by the upper-stage surrounding plate 213 may be communicated through the communication hole 211. Thus, the space surrounded by the communication hole 211, the space surrounded by the upper-stage surrounding plate 213, and the space surrounded by the lower-stage surrounding plate 212 may constitute a turning space of the electromagnetic wave signal for realizing propagation of the electromagnetic wave signal in the ridge space waveguide 25 of the upper-stage second conductive plate 22 and the lower-stage second conductive plate 22.
Both the upper shroud 213 and the lower shroud 212 may be positioned on the upper second conductive plate 22, such an embodiment may be seen in fig. 2-4; the coaming plates and the upper second conductive plate 22 may be integrally formed, or the coaming plates and the upper second conductive plate 22 may be manufactured separately and then assembled, and specific assembling modes may be welding, bonding, screw connection, etc., so long as the reliability of connection can be ensured.
In addition, the lower shroud 212 may be located on the lower second conductive plate 22; taking the example that only two second conductive plates 22 are present, the upper shroud 213 may be located on the first conductive plate 11; these embodiments may be employed in specific practice.
The structural forms of the upper shroud 213, the lower shroud 212, and the communication hole 211 may be varied, and may be adjusted as needed by those skilled in the art in practice. In the embodiment of the drawings, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, both the upper-stage shroud 213 and the lower-stage shroud 212 may be substantially U-shaped, and accordingly, the cross-sectional shape of the communication hole 211 may be rectangular; the rectangular communication hole 211 may include four hole walls, and an inner plate wall of the upper-stage shroud 213/the lower-stage shroud 212 facing the communication hole 211 may include three wall surfaces which may be coplanar with the three hole walls of the communication hole 211 in one-to-one correspondence; and, the projected dimensions of the three wall surfaces on the upper second conductive plate 22 may be identical to the projected dimensions of the three hole walls on the upper second conductive plate 22, that is, the upper shroud 213/the lower shroud 212 may enclose the communication hole 211 on three sides.
Further, the communication waveguide 21 may further include a lower stage matching portion 214, the lower stage matching portion 214 may be connected to an inner panel wall of the lower stage surrounding plate 212, the lower stage matching portion 214 having a lower stage matching surface 214a, the lower stage matching surface 214a being disposed opposite to the communication hole 211. The conductive ridge 23 of the lower level second conductive plate 22 may include a transition ridge segment 232 that interfaces with the communicating waveguide 21, and the lower level mating surface 214a may be gradually inclined toward the upper level second conductive plate 22 in a direction away from the transition ridge segment 232.
The lower stage matching portion 214 and the lower stage shroud 212 may be integrally formed. Alternatively, the two may be manufactured separately and then assembled, with specific assembly means including, but not limited to, welding, bonding, screw connection, etc., as long as the reliability of the connection can be ensured.
Also, the communication waveguide 21 may further include an upper stage matching portion 215, the upper stage matching portion 215 may be connected to an inner panel wall of the upper stage shroud 213, and the upper stage matching portion 215 may have an upper stage matching surface 215a, and the upper stage matching surface 215a may be disposed opposite to the communication hole 211. The conductive ridge 23 of the upper second conductive plate 22 may include a transition ridge segment 232 that interfaces with the communicating waveguide 21, and the upper mating surface 215a may be gradually inclined toward the upper second conductive plate 22 in a direction away from the transition ridge segment 232.
The upper stage matching section 215 and the upper stage shroud 213 may be integrally formed. Alternatively, the two may be manufactured separately and then assembled, with specific assembly means including, but not limited to, welding, bonding, screw connection, etc., as long as the reliability of the connection can be ensured.
The lower stage matching surface 214a and the upper stage matching surface 215a may be flat surfaces, or may be curved surfaces formed by a plurality of flat surfaces, or may be smooth curved surfaces, such as curved surfaces. The arrangement of the two matching surfaces is favorable for improving the matching property between the ridge clearance waveguide 25 and the communication waveguide 21 and reducing the reflection loss of electromagnetic wave signals.
Taking the example that only two second conductive plates 22 are present, in connection with fig. 7 and 8, in the assembled state, the lower-stage surrounding plate 212 and the lower-stage matching portion 214 may be in contact with (or connected to, or in an integral structure with) the lower-stage second conductive plates 22, so as to avoid gaps between the lower-stage surrounding plate 212, the lower-stage matching portion 214, and the lower-stage second conductive plates 22; the upper shroud 213 and the upper mating portion 215 may each be in contact with (or connected to, or integrally formed with) the first conductive plate 11 to avoid gaps between the upper shroud 213, the upper mating portion 215, and the first conductive plate 11. With this arrangement, it can be ensured that the electromagnetic wave signal propagates through the communicating waveguide 21 in the ridge gap waveguide 25 on both upper and lower sides of the upper second conductive plate 22.
Of the second conductive plates 22, the second conductive plate 22 farthest from the radiation layer is provided with an entrance waveguide 27, and the entrance waveguide 27 may be located approximately in the center region of the second conductive plate 22. The inlet waveguide 27 may be specifically an opening, and the shape of the opening may be various; in the embodiment of the drawings, the aperture may be rectangular in shape to form a rectangular waveguide, as shown in fig. 6.
The conductive ridge 23 of the second conductive plate 22 provided with the inlet waveguide 27 may include an inlet transition ridge section 233 connected to the inlet waveguide 27, and a surface of the inlet transition ridge section 233 away from the second conductive plate 22 provided with the inlet transition ridge section 233 may be an inclined surface (disposed at an angle with respect to a plane in which the second conductive plate 22 is located) or a stepped surface to improve matching between the ridge gap waveguide 25 and the inlet waveguide 27 above the inlet transition ridge section 233, so that an electromagnetic wave signal entering the inlet waveguide 27 may be coupled to the ridge gap waveguide 25 step by step.
Likewise, the conductive ridge 23 of each second conductive plate 22 may include a transition ridge segment 232 connected to the communication waveguide 21, where a surface of the transition ridge segment 232 away from the second conductive plate 22 provided with the transition ridge segment 232 may be an inclined surface (disposed at an included angle with a plane on which the second conductive plate 22 is located) or a step surface, so as to improve the matching between the ridge gap waveguide 25 above the transition ridge segment 232 and the communication waveguide 21, and ensure the coupling effect of electromagnetic wave signals. Such an embodiment can be seen in particular in fig. 8.
As shown in fig. 2, 3, 5, and 6, conductive ridge 23 may also include a work segment 234 for effecting power distribution of electromagnetic wave energy. With reference to fig. 10, the work segment 234 may include an input end 234a and two output ends 234b, and both the input end 234a and the two output ends 234b may be connected to achieve a split-in-two distribution of electromagnetic wave energy.
In detail, the two output ends 234b may be connected, and the two output ends 234b may extend in the same direction, and a notch 234c may be provided at a connection of the two output ends 234b at a side facing away from the input end 234a, and the input end 234a may include a thin neck 234a-1 and a thick neck 234a-2, and the input end 234a may be connected to the two output ends 234b through the thick neck 234a-2 for achieving impedance matching of the work segment 234.
Of the second conductive plates 22, only a part of the second conductive plates 22 may be provided with the active segments 234, or the active segments 234 may be provided, which is particularly related to the structural form of the feed network module in which the second conductive plates 22 are provided. In the embodiment of the figures, both second conductive plates 22 may be provided with active segments, wherein: as shown in fig. 6, the lower second conductive plate 22 is provided with two lower feed network modules 22a, each lower feed network module 22a is configured with an inlet transition ridge 233 for connecting the inlet waveguide 27, and the two lower feed network modules 22a may be located at two sides of the inlet waveguide 27 to form a central feed structure, electromagnetic wave signals enter the two lower feed network modules 22a from the inlet waveguide 27, so that the distribution of electromagnetic wave energy for the first time can be completed, and each lower feed network module 22a is provided with three-level power segments 234, so that the lower second conductive plate 22 may form a sixteen-division feed network; as shown in fig. 3, sixteen upper-level feeding network modules 22b may be provided on the upper-level second conductive plate 22, each upper-level feeding network module 22b is configured with a transition waveguide 232 for connecting the communicating waveguides 21, and each upper-level feeding network module 22b is configured with a power segment 234, so that sixteen feeding networks of the lower-level second conductive plate 22 may be further expanded to thirty-two paths, so as to realize an electromagnetic wave signal distribution mode of one-thirty-two.
To facilitate placement of the conductive ridge 23 on each second conductive plate 22, as shown in fig. 3 and 6, the conductive ridge 23 may include a plurality of inflection sections 235 to form a plurality of turns on the second conductive plates 22, and the outer end sides of the inflection sections 235 may be provided with cutouts 235a to improve impedance matching of the inflection sections.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the drawings, the first conductive plate 11 may be provided with two parallel slit arrays 112, each slit array 112 may include a plurality of through holes 111, and a center line may be provided between the two slit arrays 112; of the second conductive plates 22, the conductive ridge 23 of the second conductive plate 22 farthest from the radiation layer 1 may include an inlet transition ridge section 233, the extending direction of the inlet transition ridge section 233 is parallel to the center line, and the following relationship is satisfied between the distance L between the inlet transition ridge section 233 and the center line and the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave to be transmitted: l=n+1/4λ, where n is a natural number. By the arrangement, the phase difference of the two gap linear arrays 112 can be made up, so that the radiation phases of the two gap linear arrays 112 are kept consistent, and the two gap linear arrays 112 can form final circularly polarized radiation of the antenna after being overlapped in phase.
The number of through holes 111 included in each slot line array 112 may be set according to practical needs, and in the embodiment of the drawing, each slot line array 112 includes sixteen through holes 111, and thirty-two radiating elements may be formed to be adapted to the foregoing thirty-two feeding network.
The first conductive plate 11 may include a thin plate region, and both slit linear arrays 112 may be disposed in the thin plate region (not shown). Each through hole 111 in the slit array 112 may be specifically formed by an etching process, so that the difficulty in processing the slit array 112 can be reduced when the slit array 112 is processed in a thin plate area. The thickness of the other areas outside the sheet area may be increased compared to the sheet area, and in the embodiment of the present invention, this part of the area may be referred to as a thick plate area for satisfying the structural strength requirement of the first conductive plate 11.
Referring to fig. 3 and 9, the feed ridge section 231 may be L-shaped, including a lateral portion 231a and a vertical portion 231b that are connected, and an end surface of the lateral portion 231a, which is far away from the vertical portion 231b, may form an included angle θ between 3.5 degrees and 4.5 degrees with an extension direction of the coupling branch 111a, for improving radiation performance.
The materials of the first conductive plate 11, the communication waveguide 21, the second conductive plate 22, the conductive ridge 23, and the conductive rod 24 may be various as long as the requirements of use can be satisfied. In particular, in the embodiment of the present invention, the material of each portion may be preferably aluminum, so as to facilitate processing.
The above embodiments of the present invention are only described with respect to the structures of the components included in the array antenna, but the size of each structure is not limited, and in specific practice, those skilled in the art may configure the structure according to actual needs. As an exemplary illustration, the planar dimensions (length in the central axis direction and width perpendicular to the central axis direction) of the respective conductive plates may be uniform, the length may be 138mm, the width may be 65mm, wherein the thickness (normal dimension) of the thick plate region of the first conductive plate 11 may be 0.5mm, and the thickness of the respective second conductive plates 22 may be 2mm; the normal dimension of the ridge gap waveguide 25 may be 0.35mm, and the dimension of the conductive ridge 23 in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction thereof in the plane of the second conductive plate 22 may be 1.3mm; the distance between the conductive ridge 23 and the conductive rod 24 may be 1.9mm; the normal dimensions of the conductive rod 24 and the conductive ridge 23 can be consistent, both can be 2mm, the section of the conductive rod 24 is square, and both the length and the width can be 0.7mm; when the switching transition ridge section 232/the inlet transition ridge section 233 is provided with a step surface, two steps can exist, the normal dimension of the first step can be 1.1mm, the extending direction dimension can be 2.2mm, the normal dimension of the second step can be 0.69mm, and the extending direction dimension can be 2.5mm; the distance between two slit linear arrays 112 can be 4.7mm, and in each slit linear array 112, the distance between two adjacent through holes 111 can be 5.7mm; the outer diameter of the through hole 111 may be 2.7mm, the coupling stub 111a may include a circular portion, the outer diameter of which may be 0.95mm, and a connection portion for connecting the circular portion and the wall of the through hole 111, and the width of which may be 0.5mm.
Referring to fig. 11-15, fig. 11 is a radiation pattern of the array antenna provided by the present invention on the prone surface, fig. 12 is a radiation pattern of the array antenna provided by the present invention on the azimuth surface, fig. 13 is a graph of a change of an axial ratio with frequency in a main radiation direction of the array antenna provided by the present invention, fig. 14 is a graph of a change of a gain with frequency in the main radiation direction of the array antenna provided by the present invention, and fig. 15 is a standing wave pattern of the array antenna provided by the present invention.
The array antenna with a specific size provided by the invention is tested. As shown in fig. 11-15, the standing wave ratio of the array antenna in the frequency band of 37GHz-39GHz is smaller than 1.45, the main-beam direction axial ratio is smaller than 3dB, the gain is larger than 23.7dBi, and fan-shaped beams required by millimeter wave vehicle bottom communication can be realized. Through tests, the array antenna provided by the invention has good standing-wave ratio, axial ratio, gain and beam shape in the frequency band, and the feasibility of the array antenna in millimeter wave train-ground communication is proved.
As can be seen from the above description, the array antenna provided by the present invention has at least the following advantages:
1. the embodiment of the invention adopts a central feed mode, and the feed network formed by the conductive ridges 23 of the multi-layer second conductive plate 22 ensures that each through hole 111 obtains constant-amplitude in-phase excitation, so that the problems of deflection of beam pointing and reduction of axial gain are avoided when the working frequency deviates from a central frequency point in a side feed system, and the fan-shaped beam and broadband (37 GHz-39 GHz) characteristics required by a millimeter wave train-ground communication array antenna are realized;
2. the embodiment of the invention adopts the circularly polarized radiation unit, does not need additional polarization conversion, and effectively reduces the volume size of the system in the form of an array antenna;
3. according to the embodiment of the invention, the ridge gap waveguide structure is applied to millimeter wave train-ground wireless communication, and the annular gap array antenna and the feed network are reasonably designed, so that the high gain, the low standing wave and the good axial ratio of the antenna are realized on the basis of ensuring stronger mechanical performance, and the defects in the prior art are overcome;
4. according to the embodiment of the invention, the beam width of the array antenna can be independently designed by modifying the spacing of each slot linear array 112 and the spacing of each through hole 111 in the same slot linear array 112 according to actual design requirements;
5. the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of full metal structure, small overall loss, simple processing, convenient realization in the microwave frequency band and capability of being manufactured by the traditional lathe process.
It should be emphasized that although the design of the array antenna provided by the present invention is initially aimed at train-ground communication of a rail train, it is obvious that the application range of the array antenna provided by the present invention is not limited to the field of rail trains, that is, the application field cannot practically constitute limitation of the implementation range of the array antenna provided by the present invention, and the present invention can also be applied to other fields, such as communication between military equipment such as tanks and command centers, communication between aircrafts and remote controllers, and the like.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna is characterized by comprising a radiation layer (1) and a feed layer (2) which are oppositely arranged, wherein the radiation layer (1) comprises a first conductive plate (11), and the first conductive plate (11) is provided with a plurality of through holes (111) with coupling branches (111 a);
the feed layer (2) comprises a communicating waveguide (21) and a plurality of second conductive plates (22) arranged at intervals, each second conductive plate (22) is provided with a conductive ridge (23) and a plurality of conductive rods (24) surrounding the conductive ridge (23), each conductive ridge (23) has a gap in a direction away from the second conductive plate (22) provided with the conductive ridge (23) so as to form a ridge gap waveguide (25), the ridge gap waveguides (25) of two adjacent second conductive plates (22) are communicated through the communicating waveguide (21), the conductive ridge (23) of the second conductive plate (22) adjacent to the radiation layer (1) comprises a plurality of feed ridge sections (231), and each feed ridge section (231) is coupled with the through hole (111) in a one-to-one correspondence;
in two adjacent second conductive plates (22), the upper level second conductive plate (22) is provided with intercommunicating pore (211), intercommunication waveguide (21) are including intercommunicating pore (211) and set up in the upper level lower bounding wall (212) and upper bounding wall (213) of second conductive plate (22) both sides, the space that lower bounding wall (212) enclosed with the space that upper bounding wall (213) enclosed is linked together through intercommunicating pore (211).
2. The multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the communication waveguide (21) further includes a lower stage matching portion (214), the lower stage matching portion (214) being connected to an inner panel wall of the lower stage enclosure panel (212), the lower stage matching portion (214) having a lower stage matching surface (214 a), the lower stage matching surface (214 a) being disposed opposite to the communication hole (211);
the conductive ridge (23) of the lower-stage second conductive plate (22) comprises a transition ridge section (232) connected with the communication waveguide (21), and the lower-stage matching surface (214 a) gradually inclines towards the upper-stage second conductive plate (22) along the direction away from the transition ridge section (232).
3. The multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the communication waveguide (21) further includes an upper stage matching section (215), the upper stage matching section (215) being connected to an inner panel wall of the upper stage enclosure panel (213), and the upper stage matching section (215) having an upper stage matching surface (215 a), the upper stage matching surface (215 a) being disposed opposite to the communication hole (211);
the conductive ridge (23) of the upper-stage second conductive plate (22) comprises a transition ridge section (232) connected with the communication waveguide (21), and the upper-stage matching surface (215 a) is gradually inclined towards the upper-stage second conductive plate (22) along the direction away from the transition ridge section (232).
4. The multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that in each of the second conductive plates (22), the second conductive plate (22) furthest from the radiation layer (1) is provided with an inlet waveguide (27), the conductive ridge (23) of the second conductive plate (22) further comprises an inlet transition ridge section (233) that meets the inlet waveguide (27), the side of the inlet transition ridge section (233) remote from the second conductive plate (22) provided with the inlet transition ridge section (233) is a slope or a step surface;
the conductive ridges (23) of each second conductive plate (22) comprise transition ridge sections (232) connected with the communication waveguide (21), and one surface of each transition ridge section (232) far away from the second conductive plate (22) provided with the transition ridge sections (232) is an inclined surface or a step surface.
5. The multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna of any of claims 1-4, wherein each of the conductive ridges (23) comprises at least one work segment (234), the work segment (234) comprising an input end (234 a) and two output ends (234 b), the input end (234 a) and two output ends (234 b) being connected.
6. The multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna of claim 5, characterized in that two output ends (234 b) are connected, and that the two output ends (234 b) extend in the same direction, a gap (234 c) is provided at the connection of the two output ends (234 b) at the side facing away from the input end (234 a), the input end (234 a) comprises a thin neck portion (234 a-1) and a thick neck portion (234 a-2), and the input end (234 a) is connected to the two output ends (234 b) through the thick neck portion (234 a-2).
7. The multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna of any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the conductive ridge (23) comprises a number of corner segments (235), the outer end sides of the corner segments (235) being provided with cutouts (235 a).
8. The multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna of any of claims 1-4, wherein the feed ridge section (231) is L-shaped, comprising a transverse portion (231 a) and a vertical portion (231 b) connected, and an end surface of the transverse portion (231 a) away from the vertical portion (231 b) forms an included angle of 3.5-4.5 degrees with an extending direction of the coupling branch (111 a).
9. The multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna according to any of the claims 1-4, characterized in that the first conductive plate (11) is provided with two parallel rows of slot arrays (112), each slot array (112) comprising a number of through holes (111), a centre line being provided between the two rows of slot arrays (112);
in each second conductive plate (22), the conductive ridge (23) of the second conductive plate (22) farthest from the radiation layer (1) comprises an entrance transition ridge section (233), the extending direction of the entrance transition ridge section (233) is parallel to the central line, and the following relationship is satisfied between the distance L between the entrance transition ridge section (233) and the central line and the wavelength lambda of the electromagnetic wave to be transmitted: l= (n+1/4) λ, where n is a natural number.
10. The multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna of claim 9, wherein the first conductive plate (11) comprises a thin plate region, and two slot arrays (112) are uniformly arranged in the thin plate region.
11. A multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that in each of the second conductive plates (22), the second conductive plate (22) furthest from the radiation layer (1) is provided with an inlet waveguide (27), the conductive ridge (23) of the second conductive plate (22) being formed with two oppositely arranged feed network modules, both of which are connected to the inlet waveguide (27).
12. The multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna of any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the number of second conductive plates (22) is two.
13. The multi-layer gap waveguide slot array antenna of any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the material of the first conductive plate (11), the communicating waveguide (21), the second conductive plate (22), the conductive ridge (23) and the conductive rod (24) is aluminum.
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