CN114583174B - Sodium ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Sodium ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114583174B
CN114583174B CN202210277041.XA CN202210277041A CN114583174B CN 114583174 B CN114583174 B CN 114583174B CN 202210277041 A CN202210277041 A CN 202210277041A CN 114583174 B CN114583174 B CN 114583174B
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sodium
ion battery
positive electrode
sodium ion
active material
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CN114583174A (en
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江卫军
周世波
郝雷明
杨红新
陈思贤
任海朋
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Svolt Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Svolt Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention provides a sodium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the sodium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and electrolyte, the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode sodium supplement additive, and the negative electrode comprises a microporous metal foil.

Description

Sodium ion battery and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sodium ion batteries, and relates to a sodium ion battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the development of new energy automobiles worldwide is rapid, and the rapid growth of power lithium ion batteries is driven. However, the recent market for power lithium ion batteries is also affected by raw material price increase and supply shortage due to insufficient lithium resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the market for an alternative secondary battery technology. Among these, sodium is very abundant in resources. The working principle and manufacturing process flow of the sodium secondary battery are very similar to those of the lithium ion battery, so that the sodium secondary battery is expected to be very important. However, the current energy density of the sodium secondary battery cannot reach the level of the lithium ion battery, so that the lithium ion battery cannot be replaced in a new energy automobile.
Current high energy density sodium secondary battery research is focused on metallic sodium cathodes. However, when the metal sodium is used as a negative electrode, dendrites are easy to pierce through a diaphragm, internal micro-short circuits or short circuits occur, so that poor cycle performance is caused, and safety risks are caused. These drawbacks have been continuously studied and ameliorated for this purpose.
CN113451546a discloses a sodium metal battery and an electrochemical device, the battery comprises a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, the negative electrode plate is a negative electrode current collector, and the thickness of a sodium layer deposited on the negative electrode current collector in situ after the battery is charged and discharged for the first time is more than or equal to 30nm.
CN114156543a discloses a sodium ion battery electrolyte, a sodium ion battery and a preparation method, wherein the sodium ion battery electrolyte comprises an organic solvent, electrolyte sodium salt and an additive, and an ether-based solvent adopted has excellent reduction stability and lower desolvation energy, so that a thinner SEI film can be formed on the surface of a negative electrode, the interface stability of the sodium ion battery is improved, and meanwhile, the interface reaction kinetics of sodium ions is ensured to be faster; the carbonate electrolyte additive can participate in the formation of SEI films on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, so that the oxidation stability of the ether-based electrolyte is improved, and the cycle stability and the cycle efficiency of the battery are improved; in addition, the ether-based solvent hardly generates gas in the battery circulation process, so that the safety problem caused by the gas expansion of the battery is reduced.
The sodium ion battery has the problems of poor cycle performance or dendrite generation of the negative electrode, so that the development of the sodium ion battery for inhibiting the sodium dendrite and improving the cycle life is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sodium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the sodium dendrite formation is inhibited by controlling the internal expansion force of a battery core and the soft texture of metal sodium, and a microporous metal foil is used as a negative electrode, so that metal sodium can be absorbed in micropores, dendrites penetrating through a diaphragm are reduced, the aperture of the battery diaphragm is controlled, and the migration rate of sodium ions is regulated, so that sodium can be uniformly deposited on the negative electrode, and dendrite formation is avoided.
in order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a sodium ion battery comprising a positive electrode comprising a positive active material and a positive sodium supplement additive, a negative electrode comprising a microporous metal foil, a separator, and an electrolyte.
according to the invention, the positive electrode sodium supplement additive is doped in the positive electrode of the sodium ion battery to control the internal expansion force of the battery core, the characteristic of soft texture of metal sodium is utilized to inhibit sodium dendrite formation, the positive electrode sodium supplement additive provides a large amount of sodium, a metal sodium layer with the thickness of 5-20 mu m is deposited on the negative electrode in situ, and the microporous metal foil is used as the negative electrode, so that the metal sodium can be deposited in micropores in a large amount, and dendrite penetrating through a diaphragm is reduced.
Preferably, the positive electrode active material includes any one or a combination of at least two of a polyanionic positive electrode material, a layered oxide, or a Prussian blue derivative, and is preferably a polyanionic positive electrode material.
Preferably, the polyanionic positive electrode material includes Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7and/or Na2Fe2(SO4)3。
Preferably, the positive electrode active material satisfies 5×10-6<[(Qc-Qd)×h×ρPositive direction]/(QNa×ρNa)<20×10-6Wherein Q iscIs the first charge capacity of the positive electrode, Qdthe first discharge capacity of the positive electrode is expressed as Ah/kg, h is the coating thickness of the positive electrode, and the unit is m and ρPositive directionPositive electrode compacted density in kg/m3，QNaIs the theoretical capacity of 1165Ah/kg and ρ of metallic sodiumNaIs the density of metal sodium is 970kg/m3。
Preferably, the positive electrode sodium supplement additive comprises any one or a combination of at least two of sodium oxalate, sodium oxide or sodium peroxide.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the positive electrode sodium supplement additive to the positive electrode active material is 1:10.
Preferably, the microporous metal foil comprises a microporous aluminum foil.
Preferably, the thickness of the microporous metal foil is 10 to 20 μm, for example: 10 μm, 12 μm, 15 μm, 18 μm or 20 μm, etc.
Preferably, the microporous metal foil has a pore size of 2 to 30 μm, for example: 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm or 30 μm, etc.
preferably, the microporous metal foil has a pore density of 2000 to 20000 pores/cm2For example: 2000 pieces/cm25000 pieces/cm210000 pieces/cm215000 pieces/cm2Or 20000 pieces/cm2Etc.
Preferably, the membrane comprises a nanoporous membrane.
preferably, the thickness of the separator is 10 to 15 μm, for example: 10 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 14 μm or 15 μm, etc.
Preferably, the pore size of the membrane is 1 to 10nm, for example: 1nm, 2nm, 5nm, 8nm or 10nm, etc.
Preferably, the porosity of the separator is 40 to 60%, for example: 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% or 60%, etc.
according to the invention, the aperture of the battery diaphragm is controlled to be 1-10 nm (the porosity is 40-60%), and the migration rate of sodium ions is adjusted, so that sodium can be uniformly deposited on the negative electrode, and dendrite formation is avoided.
Preferably, the electrolyte includes an electrolyte and an organic solvent.
Preferably, the electrolyte comprises any one or a combination of at least two of sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium tetrafluoroborate or sodium perchlorate.
Preferably, the organic solvent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of PC, EC, DMC, DEC, VC, FEC, diethyl ether, diglyme, tetraglyme, methyl tertiary butyl ether, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
in a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a sodium ion battery according to the first aspect, the method comprising the steps of:
mixing an anode active material, a conductive agent, a binder and an anode sodium supplement additive, coating the mixture on the surface of an aluminum foil, adopting a microporous metal foil as a negative electrode, and assembling the negative electrode, a diaphragm and an electrolyte to obtain the sodium ion battery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the formation of sodium dendrite is inhibited by controlling the internal expansion force of the battery core and the soft texture of metal sodium, and the microporous metal foil is used as the negative electrode, so that metal sodium can be absorbed in micropores, dendrite which pierces the membrane is reduced, the aperture of the battery membrane is controlled, and the migration rate of sodium ions is regulated, so that sodium can be uniformly deposited on the negative electrode, and dendrite formation is avoided.
(2) The sodium ion battery technology provided by the invention can keep the capacity of more than 90% after 600 weeks of test cycle, and has a good application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cycle chart of the sodium ion battery described in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by the following specific embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the examples are merely to aid in understanding the invention and are not to be construed as a specific limitation thereof.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a sodium ion battery, which is prepared by the following method:
Na is mixed with4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7Mixing and stirring conductive carbon black, PVDF and sodium oxalate according to the mass ratio of 100:5:5:10, coating on a 12 mu m common aluminum foil, compacting to a density of 2.1g/cc, and adopting a 12 mu m thickness microporous aluminum foil (aperture of 20 mu m, pore density of 10000 pores/cm) as a negative electrode2) The membrane adopts a nano-pore membrane (aperture 8nm, porosity 50%) with a thickness of 13 μm, and the electrolyte is NaPF with a thickness of 1M6And (5) diethyl ether solution, and assembling to obtain the sodium ion battery.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a sodium ion battery, which is prepared by the following method:
Na is mixed with2Fe2(SO4)3Mixing and stirring conductive carbon black, PVDF and sodium peroxide according to the mass ratio of 100:5:5:10, coating on a 12 mu m common aluminum foil, compacting to a density of 2.1g/cc, and adopting a 15 mu m thickness microporous aluminum foil (aperture 15 mu m, pore density 15000 pieces/cm) as a negative electrode2) The membrane adopts a nano-pore membrane (aperture 5nm, porosity 55%) with a thickness of 15 μm, and the electrolyte is NaBF with a thickness of 1M4And (3) assembling the diglyme solution to obtain the sodium ion battery.
Example 3
this example differs from example 1 only in that the additive amount of the positive electrode sodium supplement additive is 5/100 of that of the positive electrode active material, and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as in example 1.
Example 4
this example differs from example 1 only in that the additive amount of the positive electrode sodium supplement additive is 20/100 of that of the positive electrode active material, and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as in example 1.
Example 5
This example differs from example 1 only in that the pore diameter of the microporous aluminum foil is 1 μm, and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as in example 1.
Example 6
this example differs from example 1 only in that the pore diameter of the microporous aluminum foil is 40 μm, and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as in example 1.
Example 7
This example differs from example 1 only in that the pore diameter of the nanoporous membrane is 0.5nm, and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as example 1.
Example 8
this example differs from example 1 only in that the pore diameter of the nanoporous membrane is 15nm, and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that no positive electrode sodium supplement additive was added, a negative electrode was used as a negative electrode with a sodium-containing layer, and other conditions and parameters were exactly the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example differs from example 1 only in that the negative electrode is made of a common aluminum foil, and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as those of example 1.
Performance test: the positive electrode is slurry prepared by uniformly dispersing powder of 90% of active substances, 5% of binder (PVDF) and 5% of conductive agent (SP) in NMP solution, and is coated on a 20 mu m aluminum foil. The diaphragm is a 20 mu M PP diaphragm, the negative electrode is corresponding to different aluminum foils, and the electrolyte is 1M NaPF6The volume ratio of the EC/DMC is 1:1 to form the soft package battery. Charging by CC-CV, wherein the upper limit voltage of charging is 4.05V, and the cut-off current of charging is 0.02C; CC discharge is adopted, and the cut-off voltage is 2V. The first charge and discharge was 0.1C current, followed by a cycle test using 1C charge and discharge.
The test results are shown in table 1 and fig. 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the capacity retention rate of the sodium ion battery of the present invention after 600 cycles can reach more than 90% as can be obtained from examples 1 to 8.
As can be obtained by comparing the embodiment 1 with the embodiment 3-4, the addition amount of the sodium-supplementing additive can affect the performance of the sodium ion battery, and if the addition amount of the sodium-supplementing additive is too large, the thickness of a metal layer deposited on the negative electrode is too large, and the deformation of the whole cell is too large, so that the cycle performance is affected; if the amount of the sodium supplement additive is too small, the internal pressure formed is insufficient, and dendrites are likely to be generated to affect the life.
As can be seen from comparison of examples 1 and examples 5 to 6, the pore diameter of the microporous aluminum foil affects the performance of the sodium ion battery, and if the pore diameter of the microporous aluminum foil is too large, the deposition of metal sodium in the pore diameter is not compact, so that the cycle performance is poor; if the pore diameter of the microporous aluminum foil is too small, metal dendrites are easily generated, and the cycle life is also affected.
As can be seen from a comparison of examples 1 and examples 7-8, the pore size of the nanopore membrane affects the performance of the resulting sodium ion battery, controls the pore size of the battery membrane, and adjusts the migration rate of sodium ions so that sodium can be uniformly deposited on the negative electrode, thereby avoiding dendrite formation. If the aperture of the nano-pore diaphragm is too large, dendrites are easy to generate to influence the cycle life; if the aperture of the nanopore membrane is too small, the application is affected by the too large internal resistance of the battery cell.
As can be seen from comparison of example 1 and comparative example 1-2, the present invention controls the internal expansion force of the cell by doping the positive sodium supplement additive in the positive electrode of the sodium ion battery, suppresses the formation of sodium dendrites by utilizing the soft texture of the metal sodium, the positive sodium supplement additive provides a large amount of sodium, the negative electrode deposits a metal sodium layer of 5-20 μm in situ, and the metal sodium can be deposited in a large amount in the micropores by using the microporous metal foil as the negative electrode, reducing the formation of dendrites penetrating the separator.
The applicant declares that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that are easily conceivable within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed by the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention and the disclosure.

Claims (14)

1. The sodium ion battery is characterized by comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode sodium supplement additive, the negative electrode is a microporous metal foil, the aperture of the microporous metal foil is 2-30 mu m, and the pore density of the microporous metal foil is 2000-20000 pieces/cm2the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The aperture of the diaphragm is 1-10 nm, and the porosity of the diaphragm is 40-60%;
the mass ratio of the positive electrode sodium supplement additive to the positive electrode active material is 1:10.
2. the sodium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active material comprises any one or a combination of at least two of a polyanionic positive electrode material, a layered oxide, or a prussian blue derivative.
3. the sodium ion battery of claim 2, wherein the positive electrode active material is a polyanionic positive electrode material.
4. A sodium ion battery according to claim 3, wherein said polyanionic positive electrode material comprises Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7and/or Na2Fe2(SO4)3。
5. the sodium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active material satisfies 5 x 10-6<[(Qc-Qd)×h×ρPositive direction]/(QNa×ρNa)<20×10-6Wherein Q iscIs the first charge capacity of the positive electrode, Qdthe first discharge capacity of the positive electrode is expressed as Ah/kg, h is the coating thickness of the positive electrode, and the unit is m and ρPositive directionPositive electrode compacted density in kg/m3，QNaIs the theoretical capacity of 1165Ah/kg and ρ of metallic sodiumNaIs the density of metal sodium is 970kg/m3。
6. The sodium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the positive sodium supplement additive comprises any one or a combination of at least two of sodium oxalate, sodium oxide, or sodium peroxide.
7. The sodium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the microporous metal foil comprises a microporous aluminum foil.
8. the sodium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the microporous metal foil has a thickness of 10-20 μm.
9. The sodium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the separator comprises a nanoporous separator.
10. the sodium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the separator has a thickness of 10-15 μm.
11. The sodium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte comprises an electrolyte and an organic solvent.
12. the sodium ion battery of claim 11, wherein the electrolyte comprises any one or a combination of at least two of sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, or sodium perchlorate.
13. The sodium ion battery of claim 11, wherein the organic solvent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of PC, EC, DMC, DEC, VC, FEC, diethyl ether, diglyme, tetraglyme, methyl tert-butyl ether, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
14. A method of preparing a sodium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising the steps of:
mixing an anode active material, a conductive agent, a binder and an anode sodium supplement additive, coating the mixture on the surface of an aluminum foil, adopting a microporous metal foil as a negative electrode, and assembling the negative electrode, a diaphragm and an electrolyte to obtain the sodium ion battery.
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CN115467159B (en) * 2022-09-06 2024-04-09 昆明云大新能源有限公司 In-situ etching nitrogen-doped modified carbon cloth and preparation method and application thereof

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