CN114576028B - 一种掺氢的缸内直喷氨发动机及其控制方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种掺氢的缸内直喷氨发动机及其控制方法,具体涉及一种基于往复式发动机气门机构实现氨氢缸内直喷发动机***以及根据发动机转速信号调节氢气直喷量和氨气直喷量的控制方法。本发明将往复式发动机气门机构与氨气和氢气供应管路相结合,同时采用凹轮轴实现气门向上运动进气,即仅需通过气门机构的运动便实现氨氢的缸内直喷。此外,与现有的燃气喷嘴相比,本装置不需要考虑喷嘴润滑和冷却等问题,解决了现有的氨发动机难以缸内直喷的问题。本发明主要以发动机转速传感器输出信号为依据,判断发动机运行工况,合理控制喷射策略,实现氨发动机稳定,高效的运行。
Description
技术领域
本发明提出了一种掺氢的缸内直喷氨发动机及其控制方法,具体涉及一种基于往复式发动机气门机构实现氨氢缸内直喷发动机***以及其控制方法,属于内燃机领域。
背景技术
随着排放法规的日益严格以及世界各个国家和地区对碳排放的愈加重视,以清洁能源作为燃料的发动机成为研究重点。氨气因其以无害环境的方式燃烧,只排放水和氮等特性,成为一种具有前景的清洁能源载体和燃料,但氨作发动机燃料存在燃点及最小点火能量较高、燃烧速度慢和燃烧温度低等问题,因而需要使用引燃燃料。常见的引燃燃料有乙炔、二甲醚、汽油、柴油、氢等,然而只有氢是无碳绿色引燃燃料,氢的点火能量极低,且具有燃烧界限宽、火焰传播速度快、燃烧温度高等特点,使用氢气作为氨气的引燃燃料可以达到氨氢燃烧性能的互补。
氨发动机采用缸内直喷的方式可以提高发动机的充气效率、热效率和经济性,抑制爆震等异常燃烧。然而缸内直喷的喷射装置与缸内高温高压气体直接接触,在耐热性、密封性、耐久性和冷却等问题上要求更为严格,导致氨发动机发展缓慢。
基于缸内直喷氨发动机所面临的上述问题,本发明将往复式发动机气门机构与氨气和氢气供应管路相结合,同时采用凹轮轴实现气门向上运动进气,即仅需通过气门机构的运动便实现氨氢的缸内直喷。此外,与现有的燃气喷嘴相比,本装置不需要考虑喷嘴润滑和冷却等问题,解决了现有的氨发动机难以缸内直喷的问题。本装置中气门机构运行过程中不用考虑燃气喷嘴润滑和冷却等问题,仅通过气门组的机械运动便可实现氨气和氢气喷射控制,具有使用寿命长,良好的耐久性等特点。
发明内容
本发明为解决缸内直喷氨发动机所面临的上述问题,提出了一种解决方案,方案如下:
本发明基于四冲程往复式内燃机的气门机构和二冲程往复式内燃机,提出了一种掺氢的缸内直喷氨发动机***及其控制方法。本发明通过在氨发动机内掺氢提高了氨发动机的热效率。本发明通过将气门机构与氨气和氢气供应管路相结合实现了氢气和氨气的缸内直喷,解决了现有氨发动机难以缸内直喷的问题。同时,本发明主要以发动机转速传感器输出信号为依据,判断发动机运行工况,合理控制喷射策略,实现氨发动机稳定、高效的运行。
一种掺氢的缸内直喷氨发动机,其特征在于包括:氢气进气管路P1,其上依次有氢气瓶1、氢气减压阀2、氢气体积流量控制器3、氢气阻燃阀4;氨气进气管理P2,其上依次有氨气瓶5、氨气减压阀6、氨气体积流量控制器7、氨气阻燃阀8;空气进气管路P3,其上依次有空气滤清器9、空气体积流量传感器10、进气稳压腔室11、单向阀12;排气管路P4,其上以此安装有排气稳压腔室13、NOx浓度传感器14、NSR催化***15;气门组机构:气门16、摇臂17、凹轮18、气门弹簧19;火花塞20、转速传感器21、电控单元ECU22,ECU22与氢气体积流量控制器3有信号a交互、与氨气体积流量控制器7有信号b交互、与空气体积流量传感器10有信号c交互,
电控单元ECU22与NOx浓度传感器14相连接并获得排气NOx浓度信号d;
电控单元ECU22与NSR催化***15相连接并通过NSR催化信号e控制NSR催化***对NOx的吸附和脱附;
电控单元ECU22与转速传感器21相连接并获得转速信号f;电控单元ECU22与火花塞20相连接并通过火花塞点火信号g控制火花塞点火正时;
一种掺氢的缸内直喷氨发动机控制方法,其主要特征在于:
电控单元ECU22与转速传感器21相连接并获得转速信号f,获得转速n:
当n=0变为n≠0后的两秒内,此阶段为启动阶段,采用纯氢气启动,ECU22输出信号a至氢气体积流量控制器3,同时通过凹轮18带动摇臂17运动,气门弹簧19伸长控制气门16向上运动开启燃气喷射口,随着凹轮18凹陷位置转过摇臂17,气门弹簧19带动摇臂17复位,完成喷射过程。火花塞20在接收ECU22发送的火花塞点火信号g后点燃缸内混合气,实现发动机运转。
当0<n<1500rpm时,采用氨氢混合燃烧,ECU22输出信号a、信号b、信号c分别至氢气体积流量控制器3、氨气体积流量控制器7、空气体积流量传感器10调节氨氢混合气按当量比为1混合燃烧,同时通过凹轮18带动摇臂17运动,气门弹簧19伸长控制气门16向上运动开启燃气喷射口,随着凹轮18凹陷位置转过摇臂17,气门弹簧19带动摇臂17复位,完成喷射过程。直喷喷入缸内的氢气量以进气过程结束时刻缸内混合气总体积量为基准。火花塞20在接收ECU 22发送的火花塞点火信号g后点燃缸内混合气,实现发动机运转。其中,氢气体积百分数
当1500≤n<3000rpm时,采用氨氢混合燃烧,ECU 22输出信号a、信号b、信号c分别至氢气体积流量控制器3、氨气体积流量控制器7、空气体积流量传感器10调节氨氢混合气按当量比为1混合燃烧,同时通过凹轮18带动摇臂17运动,气门弹簧19伸长控制气门16向上运动开启燃气喷射口,随着凹轮18凹陷位置转过摇臂17,气门弹簧19带动摇臂17复位,完成喷射过程。火花塞20在接收ECU 22发送的火花塞点火信号g后点燃缸内混合气,实现发动机运转。直喷喷入缸内的氢气量以进气过程结束时刻缸内混合气总体积量为基准,其中,氢气体积百分数
当3000≤n<4500rpm时,采用氨氢混合燃烧,ECU 22输出信号a、信号b、信号c分别至氢气体积流量控制器3、氨气体积流量控制器7、空气体积流量传感器10调节氨氢混合气按当量比为1混合燃烧,同时通过凹轮18带动摇臂17运动,气门弹簧19伸长控制气门16向上运动开启燃气喷射口,随着凹轮18凹陷位置转过摇臂17,气门弹簧19带动摇臂17复位,完成喷射过程。火花塞20在接收ECU 22发送的火花塞点火信号g后点燃缸内混合气,实现发动机运转。直喷喷入缸内的氢气量以进气过程结束时刻缸内混合气总体积量为基准,其中,氢气体积百分数
当n≥4500rpm时,此时转速过高,为保证安全性,ECU 22输出信号a、信号b、信号c分别至氢气体积流量控制器3、氨气体积流量控制器7、空气体积流量传感器10,使供给氢气、氨气和空气体积流量为0。
本发明的有益效果主要是:本发明中气门机构运行过程中仅由机械运动控制,不用考虑燃气喷嘴的润滑与冷却等问题,具有使用寿命长、较好的耐久性。同时,本发明通过将氢作为引燃燃料掺入氨发动机内燃烧,氢气与氨气燃烧性能互补,提高了氨气的燃烧效率,使氨发动机高效运转。本发明采用依据发动机运行转速,选择性掺混氢气来合理调控混合气的成分和过量空气系数的方法,保证了掺氢的氨发动机稳定的运行。
附图说明
图1.本发明的结构和工作原理
图1中:氢气进气管路P1,其上依次有氢气瓶1、氢气减压阀2、氢气体积流量控制器3、氢气阻燃阀4;氨气进气管理P2,其上依次有氨气瓶5、氨气减压阀6、氨气体积流量控制器7、氨气阻燃阀8;空气进气管路P3,其上依次有空气滤清器9、空气体积流量传感器10、进气稳压腔室11、单向阀12;排气管路P4,其上以此安装有排气稳压腔室13、NOx浓度传感器14、NSR催化***15;气门组机构:气门16、摇臂17、凹轮18、气门弹簧19;火花塞20、转速传感器21、电控单元ECU22,ECU22与氢气体积流量控制器3有信号a交互、与氨气体积流量控制器7有信号b交互、与空气体积流量传感器10有信号c交互,
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对于本发明做进一步的说明:
在整机运行过程中新鲜空气由空气进气管路P3依次经过空气滤清器9、空气体积流量传感器10、进气稳压腔室11、单向阀12进入到燃烧室内,单向阀12控制新鲜空气无法反向流出燃烧室,只能经由进气管路P3进入燃烧室。
电控单元ECU22与NOx浓度传感器14相连接并获得排气NOx浓度信号d;
电控单元ECU22与NSR催化***15相连接并通过NSR催化信号e控制NSR催化***对NOx的吸附和脱附;
电控单元ECU22与转速传感器21相连接并获得转速信号f;
电控单元ECU22与火花塞20相连接并通过火花塞点火信号g控制火花塞点火正时
电控单元ECU22与转速传感器21相连接并获得转速信号f,获得转速n:
当n=0变为n≠0后的两秒内,此阶段为启动阶段,采用纯氢气启动,ECU22输出信号a至氢气体积流量控制器3,氢气经氢气瓶1、氢气减压阀2、氢气体积流量控制器3、氢气阻燃阀4后进入燃烧室,同时通过凹轮18带动摇臂17运动,气门弹簧19伸长控制气门16向上运动开启燃气喷射口,随着凹轮18凹陷位置转过摇臂17,气门弹簧19带动摇臂17复位,完成喷射过程。火花塞20在接收ECU22发送的火花塞点火信号g后点燃缸内混合气,实现发动机运转。
当0<n<1500rpm时,采用氨氢混合燃烧,ECU22输出信号a、信号b、信号c分别至氢气体积流量控制器3、氨气体积流量控制器7、空气体积流量传感器10调节氨氢混合气按当量比为1混合燃烧,氢气经氢气瓶1、氢气减压阀2、氢气体积流量控制器3、氢气阻燃阀4后进入燃烧室,氨气经氨气瓶5、氨气减压阀6、氨气体积流量控制器7、氨气阻燃阀8后进入燃烧室,同时通过凹轮18带动摇臂17运动,气门弹簧19伸长控制气门16向上运动开启燃气喷射口,随着凹轮18凹陷位置转过摇臂17,气门弹簧19带动摇臂17复位,完成喷射过程。直喷喷入缸内的氢气量以进气过程结束时刻缸内混合气总体积量为基准。火花塞20在接收ECU22发送的火花塞点火信号g后点燃缸内混合气,实现发动机运转。其中,氢气体积百分数
当1500≤n<3000rpm时,采用氨氢混合燃烧,ECU22输出信号a、信号b、信号c分别至氢气体积流量控制器3、氨气体积流量控制器7、空气体积流量传感器10调节氨氢混合气按当量比为1混合燃烧,氢气经氢气瓶1、氢气减压阀2、氢气体积流量控制器3、氢气阻燃阀4后进入燃烧室,氨气经氨气瓶5、氨气减压阀6、氨气体积流量控制器7、氨气阻燃阀8后进入燃烧室,同时通过凹轮18带动摇臂17运动,气门弹簧19伸长控制气门16向上运动开启燃气喷射口,随着凹轮18凹陷位置转过摇臂17,气门弹簧19带动摇臂17复位,完成喷射过程。火花塞20在接收ECU22发送的火花塞点火信号g后点燃缸内混合气,实现发动机运转。直喷喷入缸内的氢气量以进气过程结束时刻缸内混合气总体积量为基准,其中,氢气体积百分数
当3000≤n<4500rpm时,采用氨氢混合燃烧,ECU22输出信号a、信号b、信号c分别至氢气体积流量控制器3、氨气体积流量控制器7、空气体积流量传感器10调节氨氢混合气按当量比为1混合燃烧,氢气经氢气瓶1、氢气减压阀2、氢气体积流量控制器3、氢气阻燃阀4后进入燃烧室,氨气经氨气瓶5、氨气减压阀6、氨气体积流量控制器7、氨气阻燃阀8后进入燃烧室,同时通过凹轮18带动摇臂17运动,气门弹簧19伸长控制气门16向上运动开启燃气喷射口,随着凹轮18凹陷位置转过摇臂17,气门弹簧19带动摇臂17复位,完成喷射过程。火花塞20在接收ECU22发送的火花塞点火信号g后点燃缸内混合气,实现发动机运转。直喷喷入缸内的氢气量以进气过程结束时刻缸内混合气总体积量为基准,其中,氢气体积百分数
当n≥4500rpm时,此时转速过高,为保证安全性,ECU22输出信号a、信号b、信号c分别至氢气体积流量控制器3、氨气体积流量控制器7、空气体积流量传感器10,使供给氢气、氨气和空气体积流量为0。
燃烧后的废气由排气管路P4依次经过排气稳压腔室13、NOx浓度传感器14、NSR催化***15排出燃烧室,电控单元ECU22接收NOx浓度信号d并发出NSR催化信号e控制NSR催化***15对NOx的吸附和脱附。
Claims (1)
1.一种掺氢的缸内直喷氨发动机的控制方法,其特征在于该发动机包括:氢气进气管路P1,其上依次有氢气瓶(1)、氢气减压阀(2)、氢气体积流量控制器(3)、氢气阻燃阀(4);氨气进气管路P2,其上依次有氨气瓶(5)、氨气减压阀(6)、氨气体积流量控制器(7)、氨气阻燃阀(8);空气进气管路P3,其上依次有空气滤清器(9)、空气体积流量传感器(10)、进气稳压腔室(11)、单向阀(12);排气管路P4,其上依次安装有排气稳压腔室(13)、NOx浓度传感器(14)、NSR催化***(15);气门组机构:气门(16)、摇臂(17)、凹轮(18)、气门弹簧(19);火花塞(20)、转速传感器(21)、电控单元ECU(22),ECU(22)与氢气体积流量控制器(3)有信号a交互、与氨气体积流量控制器(7)有信号b交互、与空气体积流量传感器(10)有信号c交互;
电控单元ECU(22)与NOx浓度传感器(14)相连接并获得排气NOx浓度信号d;
电控单元ECU(22)与NSR催化***(15)相连接并通过NSR催化信号e控制NSR催化***对NOx的吸附和脱附;
电控单元ECU(22)与转速传感器(21)相连接并获得转速信号f;
电控单元ECU(22)与火花塞(20)相连接并通过火花塞点火信号g控制火花塞点火正时;
该方法具体为:
电控单元ECU(22)与转速传感器(21)相连接并获得转速信号f,获得转速n:
当n=0变为n≠0后的两秒内,此阶段为启动阶段,采用纯氢气启动,ECU(22)输出信号a至氢气体积流量控制器(3),同时通过凹轮(18)带动摇臂(17)运动,气门弹簧(19)伸长控制气门(16)向上运动开启燃气喷射口,随着凹轮(18)凹陷位置转过摇臂(17),气门弹簧(19)带动摇臂(17)复位,完成喷射过程;火花塞(20)在接收ECU(22)发送的火花塞点火信号g后点燃缸内混合气,实现发动机运转;
当0<n<1500rpm时,采用氨氢混合燃烧,ECU(22)输出信号a、信号b、信号c分别至氢气体积流量控制器(3)、氨气体积流量控制器(7)、空气体积流量传感器(10)调节氨氢混合气按当量比为1混合燃烧,同时通过凹轮(18)带动摇臂(17)运动,气门弹簧(19)伸长控制气门(16)向上运动开启燃气喷射口,随着凹轮(18)凹陷位置转过摇臂(17),气门弹簧(19)带动摇臂(17)复位,完成喷射过程;火花塞(20)在接收ECU(22)发送的火花塞点火信号g后点燃缸内混合气,实现发动机运转;直喷喷入缸内的氢气量以进气过程结束时刻缸内混合气总体积量为基准,其中,氢气体积百分数
当1500≤n<3000rpm时,采用氨氢混合燃烧,ECU(22)输出信号a、信号b、信号c分别至氢气体积流量控制器(3)、氨气体积流量控制器(7)、空气体积流量传感器(10)调节氨氢混合气按当量比为1混合燃烧,同时通过凹轮(18)带动摇臂(17)运动,气门弹簧(19)伸长控制气门(16)向上运动开启燃气喷射口,随着凹轮(18)凹陷位置转过摇臂(17),气门弹簧(19)带动摇臂(17)复位,完成喷射过程;火花塞(20)在接收ECU(22)发送的火花塞点火信号g后点燃缸内混合气,实现发动机运转;直喷喷入缸内的氢气量以进气过程结束时刻缸内混合气总体积量为基准,其中,氢气体积百分数
当3000≤n<4500rpm时,采用氨氢混合燃烧,ECU(22)输出信号a、信号b、信号c分别至氢气体积流量控制器(3)、氨气体积流量控制器(7)、空气体积流量传感器(10)调节氨氢混合气按当量比为1混合燃烧,同时通过凹轮(18)带动摇臂(17)运动,气门弹簧(19)伸长控制气门(16)向上运动开启燃气喷射口,随着凹轮(18)凹陷位置转过摇臂(17),气门弹簧(19)带动摇臂(17)复位,完成喷射过程;火花塞(20)在接收ECU(22)发送的火花塞点火信号g后点燃缸内混合气,实现发动机运转;直喷喷入缸内的氢气量以进气过程结束时刻缸内混合气总体积量为基准,其中,氢气体积百分数
当n≥4500rpm时,此时转速过高,ECU(22)输出信号a、信号b、信号c分别至氢气体积流量控制器(3)、氨气体积流量控制器(7)、空气体积流量传感器(10),使供给氢气、氨气和空气体积流量为0。
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