CN114570833A - Metal sheet thermal forming die and method, ship hull and ship with ship hull - Google Patents
Metal sheet thermal forming die and method, ship hull and ship with ship hull Download PDFInfo
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- CN114570833A CN114570833A CN202011392881.8A CN202011392881A CN114570833A CN 114570833 A CN114570833 A CN 114570833A CN 202011392881 A CN202011392881 A CN 202011392881A CN 114570833 A CN114570833 A CN 114570833A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 103
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007652 sheet-forming process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/14—Hull parts
- B63B3/16—Shells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
- B63B73/70—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms characterised by using moulds; Moulds or plugs therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal plate forming, in particular to a metal plate thermal forming die and method, a ship hull and a ship with the ship hull. The die comprises a first female die, an electrode and a forming assembly; the first female die is provided with a cavity and a peripheral molded surface arranged around the cavity, and an insulating layer is arranged on the outer surface of the peripheral molded surface; the electrode is electrically connected with the metal plate and is suitable for electrifying the metal plate and heating the metal plate; the forming assembly is in contact with the circumferential molded surface when the mold is in a closed state and extrudes the metal sheet, so that the metal sheet and the cavity of the first female mold are in a shape form. Compared with the traditional mold, the hot forming mold and the hot forming method provided by the invention have the advantages of cost saving, energy saving, low danger coefficient and greatly simplified structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal plate forming, in particular to a metal plate thermal forming die and method, a ship hull and a ship with the ship hull.
Background
Hot forming technology is increasingly used because it can break through the yield limit of metals and reduce the forming force of high strength materials. In the prior art, the hot forming of metal plate materials such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, carbon steel, stainless steel, high-temperature alloy and the like generally requires that the plate materials are firstly placed in a medium-high frequency heating furnace to be heated to a preset temperature, and then the heated plate materials are transported to a drawing die through a transfer line to be drawn and formed.
The drawing die for hot forming usually needs to be designed with complex heat preservation measures, the whole body is heated to the temperature (which is 50 percent of the melting point temperature of metal) which is the same as the temperature of the preheated plate in superplasticity, and a blank holder used for being matched with an upper die to compress the plate needs to be arranged, an elastic support structure of the blank holder and a separate male die need to be arranged, and the structure is complex.
The hot forming die and the hot forming mode have more defects in practical use. Firstly, the equipment needs to be provided with two devices for two working procedures of heating and drawing respectively, and a special high-temperature transfer line needs to be added to meet the requirement of high-temperature plate transfer, so that the whole set of equipment is complex. Moreover, when large metal plates such as ship hulls and the like need to be manufactured, the size of the transfer equipment, the size of the heating equipment and the size of the die need to be increased at the same time, and the manufacturing cost is increased sharply; secondly, the hot forming mode and the hot forming equipment can cause heat loss when plates are transported, so that more energy consumption investment is increased by a reheating process, and energy is wasted; thirdly, the huge mould is more dangerous after being heated and in the process of transferring the high-temperature plate, and more severe examination is provided for the safety management of a factory; finally, the structure of the drawing die of the forming die is relatively complex, and the reason is given in the foregoing, and is not described herein again.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of high energy consumption, complex equipment and high risk coefficient of a metal plate thermal forming die in the prior art, and further provide the metal plate thermal forming die with lower energy consumption, simplified equipment and low risk coefficient.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of high energy consumption, complex equipment and high risk coefficient of the metal plate thermal forming method in the prior art, and further provide the metal plate thermal forming method which is lower in energy consumption, simple in equipment requirement and low in risk coefficient.
The third technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a ship hull manufactured by using a thermal forming mode, wherein the ship hull has the advantages of lower energy consumption, simple equipment requirement and low risk coefficient in the manufacturing process.
A fourth technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a ship whose hull is manufactured by thermoforming, and which has lower energy consumption, simple equipment requirements and low risk factor in the manufacturing process.
In order to solve the first technical problem, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a sheet metal thermoforming mold, comprising:
the first female die is provided with a cavity and a peripheral molded surface arranged around the cavity, and an insulating layer is arranged on the outer surface of the peripheral molded surface;
the electrode is electrically connected with the metal plate and is suitable for electrifying the metal plate and heating the metal plate;
and the forming assembly is contacted with the peripheral molded surface and extrudes the metal plate when the mold is in a closed state, so that the metal plate and the cavity of the first female mold are in a shape form.
Optionally, the molding assembly comprises:
the gas pressurization partition plate is provided with a pressing surface attached to the metal plate before forming, and the gas pressurization partition plate is suitable for pressing the metal plate with the peripheral profile of the first female die when the die is closed;
and the gas pressurizing partition plate is provided with a gas nozzle which is open towards the metal plate.
Optionally, the gas nozzle is provided with a plurality of gas nozzles, and the plurality of gas nozzles are arranged in the area, corresponding to the cavity of the first concave die, of the gas pressurization partition plate.
Optionally, a plurality of air nozzles are communicated with the same air channel, and an air inlet of the air channel is arranged on the side surface of the gas pressurization partition plate.
Optionally, the gas pressurizing spacer plate has an insulating layer on the surface contacting the metal plate material.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the second female die is provided with a cavity and a peripheral molded surface arranged around the cavity, and the peripheral molded surface of the second female die is provided with an insulating layer;
the second concave die and the first concave die are respectively arranged on two sides of the gas pressurization spacing plate, the second concave die is suitable for pressing metal plates with the gas pressurization spacing plate when the die is closed, and one side, facing the second concave die, of the gas pressurization spacing plate is provided with a gas nozzle which is open towards the second concave die.
Optionally, the electrodes have two pairs, the two pairs of electrodes are respectively disposed on one side close to the first concave die and the second concave die, and the two pairs of electrodes are suitable for respectively heating the two metal plates clamped by the first concave die and the gas pressurization partition plate and the two metal plates clamped by the second concave die and the gas pressurization partition plate.
Optionally, the electrodes are plate-shaped, the left end and the right end of the gas pressurizing partition plate are respectively provided with two electrodes, and an elastic insulating part is clamped between the two electrodes positioned on the same side of the gas pressurizing partition plate.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the force application members are arranged on the peripheries of the first concave die and the second concave die and are provided with abutting surfaces for forcing the first concave die and the second concave die to compress the gas pressurization partition plate, and the force application members are suitable for providing pressure for closing the first concave die and the second concave die when the die is closed.
Optionally, the surfaces of the cavities of the first concave die and the second concave die are provided with insulating layers, and vent holes for communicating the cavities with air outside the die are further formed in the cavities of the first concave die and the second concave die.
Optionally, the molding assembly comprises:
in order to solve the second problem, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a metal plate hot forming method comprises the following steps:
s1: placing a metal plate on the peripheral molded surface of the female die, wherein the surface of the peripheral molded surface is provided with an insulating coating;
s2: electrifying and heating the metal plate;
s3: pressing a gas pressurizing partition plate on the metal plate;
s4: keeping the gas pressurization partition plate and the female die to seal and press the plate, introducing high-pressure gas into the gas pressurization partition plate, filling the high-pressure gas into a space between the gas pressurization partition plate and the metal plate through a gas outlet hole of the gas pressurization partition plate, and blowing and extruding the heated metal plate into a cavity of the female die by using the pressure of the high-pressure gas;
s5: and opening the female die and the gas pressurizing partition plate, and taking down the formed metal plate.
In order to solve the third and fourth technical problems, the invention also provides a ship hull and a ship with the ship hull, wherein the ship hull is manufactured by the metal plate thermal forming method.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the invention provides a die which comprises a first female die, an electrode and a forming assembly; the first female die is provided with a cavity and a peripheral molded surface arranged around the cavity, and an insulating layer is arranged on the outer surface of the peripheral molded surface; the electrode is electrically connected with the metal plate and is suitable for electrifying the metal plate and heating the metal plate; the forming assembly is in contact with the circumferential molded surface when the mold is in a closed state and extrudes the metal sheet, so that the metal sheet and the cavity of the first female mold are in a shape form.
When the metal plate is used, the metal plate is placed on the peripheral molded surface, then the metal plate is connected through the electrode, and the metal plate is electrified and heated, and at the moment, the metal plate is placed on the peripheral molded surface with the insulating layer, so that the die cannot be electrified. And after the sheet metal is heated to a preset temperature, the sheet metal is extruded into a cavity of the female die by using the forming assembly, so that the metal sheet metal is formed. According to the forming method, the sheet is placed on the die and then is directly electrified and heated, so that the process of arranging separate heating equipment and transferring equipment is omitted. Meanwhile, the plates do not need to be transported, so that heat loss in the transporting process and possible damage to workers are reduced. Therefore, compared with the traditional mold, the mold has the advantages of energy conservation, low danger coefficient and greatly simplified structure.
2. The forming assembly comprises a gas pressurization spacing plate, the gas pressurization spacing plate is provided with a pressing surface for pressing a metal sheet on the peripheral profile of the first female die, and the gas pressurization spacing plate is suitable for pressing the metal sheet with the peripheral profile of the first female die when the die is closed; and the gas pressurizing partition plate is provided with a gas nozzle which is open towards the metal plate.
In the structure, the metal plate is pressed on the peripheral molded surface of the first concave die by the gas pressurizing partition plate, then high-pressure gas is injected into the middle of the metal plate and the gas pressurizing partition plate by the gas nozzle, and the metal plate is blown and extruded into the cavity of the concave die by the high-pressure gas, so that the forming process is completed.
3. The mold provided by the invention is characterized in that the plurality of air nozzles are arranged in the area, corresponding to the cavity of the first concave mold, of the gas pressurization partition plate. The plurality of air nozzles can increase the air flow speed on one hand, and on the other hand, are favorable for uniformly filling high-pressure air into the area to be formed of the metal plate, thereby improving the stability of the forming process.
4. According to the die provided by the invention, the plurality of air nozzles are communicated with the same air channel, and the air inlet of the air channel is arranged on the side surface of the gas pressurization partition plate. The pressure of high-pressure gas sprayed from a plurality of gas nozzles communicated with the same gas path is the same, so that the demand quantity of high-pressure gas generating devices such as gas pumps and the like can be reduced; on the other hand, the gas nozzles can be guaranteed to eject gas with the same pressure, and the stability in the sheet forming process and the uniformity of the thickness of the formed sheet are guaranteed.
5. According to the die provided by the invention, the surface of the gas pressurization partition plate, which is in contact with the metal plate, is provided with the insulating layer. When the gas pressurization partition plate and the first female die are provided with the insulating layers, the metal plate can be clamped by the gas pressurization partition plate and the first female die firstly, and then the plate is electrified.
6. The mold provided by the invention further comprises: the second female die is provided with a cavity and a peripheral molded surface arranged around the cavity, and the peripheral molded surface of the second female die is provided with an insulating layer; the second concave die and the first concave die are respectively arranged on two sides of the gas pressurization spacing plate, the second concave die is suitable for pressing metal plates with the gas pressurization spacing plate when the die is closed, and one side, facing the second concave die, of the gas pressurization spacing plate is provided with a gas nozzle which is open towards the second concave die.
In the structure, the second concave die and the first concave die can be matched with the upper surface and the lower surface of the gas pressurizing spacing plate to respectively form a metal plate. Therefore, the overall production efficiency of the die is improved. And the second concave die can be used as a weight applying part to press on the gas pressurizing partition plate and the first concave die to provide the pressure for sealing the metal plate and the gas pressurizing partition plate.
8. According to the die provided by the invention, the electrodes are plate-shaped, the left end and the right end of the gas pressurization partition plate are respectively provided with two electrodes, and the elastic insulating part is clamped between the two electrodes positioned on the same side of the gas pressurization partition plate. By using the elastic insulating part, when the first concave die and the second concave die extrude the electrodes, the elastic insulating part can apply elasticity to the electrodes, so that the electrodes are stably combined on the plate material, and virtual connection is avoided; meanwhile, the elastic insulating part can also provide certain buffer force in the die assembly process of the die, and hard collision between the electrode and the plate material is avoided.
9. According to the die provided by the invention, the insulating layers are arranged on the surfaces of the die cavities of the first female die and the second female die, and vent holes for communicating the die cavities with air outside the die are further formed in the die cavities of the first female die and the second female die.
After the insulating layers are arranged on the peripheral molded surface and the cavity, the insulating layers are arranged in the contact area of the whole mold and the metal plate. The same hardness and friction coefficient can be ensured in the area in contact with the plate, and the forming stability of the plate is further ensured. On the other hand, this also reduces the difficulty of manufacturing the profile.
10. The forming method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: s1: placing a metal plate on the peripheral molded surface of the female die, wherein the surface of the peripheral molded surface is provided with an insulating coating; s2: electrifying and heating the metal plate; s3: pressing a gas pressurizing partition plate on the metal plate; s4: keeping the gas pressurization partition plate and the female die to seal and press the plate, introducing high-pressure gas into the gas pressurization partition plate, filling the high-pressure gas into a space between the gas pressurization partition plate and the metal plate through a gas outlet hole of the gas pressurization partition plate, and blowing and extruding the heated metal plate into a cavity of the female die by using the pressure of the high-pressure gas; s5: and opening the female die and the gas pressurization partition plate, and taking down the formed metal plate.
When the method is used for forming the metal plate, the metal plate can be continuously heated on the die without being placed on heating equipment in advance for heating or being transferred, and the constant temperature is kept, so that other heat preservation measures are omitted. Therefore, the hot forming process of the metal plate in the method obtains higher safety factor, lower energy consumption and simpler equipment requirement.
In summary, the thermoforming mold and method provided by the invention, and the hull and the ship produced by using the method and the mold have the advantages of energy saving, low risk factor and greatly simplified structure compared with the traditional mold.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a thermoforming mold provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the mold of FIG. 1 in an exploded state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the thermoforming mold of FIG. 1;
description of reference numerals:
1-a first female die, 2-a circumferential molded surface, 3-a cavity, 4-an insulating layer, 5-an electrode, 6-a gas pressurizing partition plate, 7-an air nozzle, 8-a second female die, 9-an elastic insulating part, 10-a force application component, 12-a blank holder and 13-a plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 3, in embodiment 1 of the present invention, a hot forming mold for forming a metal sheet 13 is provided in this embodiment, and includes a first concave die 1, a motor, and a forming assembly. The first female die 1 is provided with a cavity 3 and a circumferential molded surface 2 arranged around the cavity 3, and insulating layers 4 are arranged on the circumferential molded surface 2 and the surface of the cavity 3; the electrode 5 is electrically connected with the metal plate 13 and is suitable for electrifying the metal plate 13 and heating the metal plate 13; when the mold is in a closed state, the forming assembly is in contact with the peripheral molded surface 2 and extrudes the metal sheet 13, so that the metal sheet 13 and the cavity 3 of the first female mold 1 are in a shape-fitting manner.
In this embodiment, the forming assembly is a gas pressurization partition plate 6, the gas pressurization partition plate 6 is installed in a plate shape, and the plate 13 can be compressed by matching with the peripheral profile 2 of the first female die 1, and the peripheral of the plate 13 and the corresponding area of the gas pressurization partition plate 6 are kept in a compressed state. The gas pressurization partition plate 6 is provided with a pressing surface for pressing a metal plate 13 on the peripheral molded surface 2 of the first female die 1; the gas pressurizing partition plate 6 is provided with a plurality of gas nozzles 7 towards the metal plate 13, and the plurality of gas nozzles 7 are arranged in the region of the gas pressurizing partition plate 6 corresponding to the cavity 3 of the first concave die 1. When the device is used, high-pressure air serving as high-pressure gas is sprayed out of the air nozzle 7, the metal sheet 13 is jacked up by the high-pressure air, and finally the metal sheet is drawn and attached to the cavity 3 of the first concave die 1 to complete the shape fitting. The plurality of air nozzles 7 are communicated with the same air path, the air path is arranged in the gas pressurizing partition plate 6, and an air inlet of the air path is arranged on the side surface of the gas pressurizing partition plate 6 and is communicated with the high-pressure gas generating device.
In this embodiment, the gas pressurizing partition plate 6 has an insulating layer 4 on the surface contacting the metal plate 13. The cavity 3 of the first concave die 1 is also provided with an insulating layer 4. The insulating layer 4 is preferably a ceramic oxide coating, the composition of which includes, but is not limited to, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, and the like
The embodiment also comprises a second concave die 8 which has a similar structure to the first concave die 1, the second concave die 8 also has a cavity 3 and a peripheral profile 2 arranged around the cavity 3, and the peripheral profile 2 of the second concave die 8 and the surface of the cavity 3 are provided with insulating layers 4; the second concave die 8 and the first concave die 1 are respectively arranged on two sides of the gas pressurizing partition plate 6, the second concave die 8 is suitable for compressing another metal plate 13 with the gas pressurizing partition plate 6 when the die is closed, and the gas nozzle 7 which is opened towards the second concave die 8 is arranged on one side, facing the second concave die 8, of the gas pressurizing partition plate 6.
In order to electrify the two metal plates 13, the electrodes 5 are provided with two pairs, the two pairs of electrodes 5 are respectively arranged on one surface close to the first concave die 1 and the second concave die 8, and the two pairs of electrodes 5 are suitable for respectively heating the two metal plates 13 clamped by the first concave die 1 and the gas pressurization spacing plate 6 and the second concave die 8 and the gas pressurization spacing plate 6. The electrodes 5 are plate-shaped, the left end and the right end of the gas pressurizing partition plate 6 are respectively provided with two electrodes 5, and an elastic insulating part 9 is clamped between the two electrodes 5 positioned on the same side of the gas pressurizing partition plate 6. By using the elastic insulating part 9, when the first concave die 1 and the second concave die 8 extrude the electrode 5, elasticity can be applied to the electrode 5, the electrode 5 is ensured to be stably combined on the plate 13, and virtual connection is avoided; meanwhile, the elastic insulating part 9 can provide certain buffer force in the die assembly process of the die, and hard collision between the electrode 5 and the plate 13 is avoided.
A number of force application members 10 are also included in this embodiment, one form of force application member 10 being shown in the figures as a clamp which can be used to clamp the first die 1 and the second die 8 closed. As some alternative embodiments of the force application member 10, the force application member 10 may also be a bolt connected in series between the first concave die 1 and the second concave die 8, and the clamping function is realized by screwing a nut; the clamping device can also be in a clamping form with elasticity such as a hydraulic cylinder, a nitrogen cylinder and the like; the clamping effect can also be achieved by means of forms such as eccentrics, connecting rods, counterweights, etc.
The force applying component 10 is arranged on the periphery of the first concave die 1 and the second concave die 8 and is provided with an abutting surface for forcing the first concave die 1 and the second concave die 8 to be pressed against the gas pressurization partition plate 6, and the force applying component is suitable for providing pressure for closing the first concave die 1 and the second concave die 8 when the mold is closed.
In order to enable the air in the cavity 3 of the first concave die 1 or the second concave die 8 and the sheet material 13 to be smoothly discharged in the process of blowing and extruding the sheet material 13, vent holes for communicating the cavity 3 with the air outside the die are further formed in the cavity 3 of the first concave die 1 and the cavity 3 of the second concave die 8.
The using method of the die and the method for forming the metal plate 13 by using the die simultaneously comprise the following steps:
s1: placing two metal plates 13 on the peripheral molded surface 2 of the first female die 1 and the upper surface of the gas pressurization partition plate 6 respectively; s2: switching on the electrodes 5, and respectively electrifying and heating the two metal plates 13 to a preset temperature; s3: the first concave die 1 and the second concave die 8 are folded, the force application member 10 is installed, and the first concave die 1, the first metal plate 13, the gas pressurization partition plate 6, the second metal plate 13 and the second concave die 8 are clamped tightly; s4: keeping the gas pressurization spacing plate 6 and the female die to seal and press the sheet material 13, introducing high-temperature high-pressure gas (the temperature is about 50% of the metal melting point) into the gas pressurization spacing plate 6, introducing the high-temperature high-pressure gas into a space between the gas pressurization spacing plate 6 and the sheet material 13 through an air nozzle 7 of the gas pressurization spacing plate 6, and blowing and extruding the heated sheet material 13 into a cavity 3 of the female die by using the pressure of the high-temperature high-pressure gas; s5: and opening the female die and the gas pressurization partition plate 6, and taking down the formed metal plate 13.
Example 2:
this example provides a hull that is drawn using the thermoforming mold provided in example 1 or example 2. But considering that the hull area of the integrated hull is usually large, the pressure requirement for forming the panel 13 is smaller. In reality, it is difficult to find a punch matching the size of the mold, and therefore, the thermoforming mold of embodiment 1 is preferably used for the production.
Because the hull in the embodiment is drawn and formed by using the hot forming die in the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2, the hull in the embodiment saves more energy in the manufacturing process, has low danger coefficient and greatly simplifies the structure of drawing equipment.
Example 3:
this embodiment provides a ship whose hull is the hull of embodiment 3. Because the ship in the embodiment has the hull, the ship in the embodiment also has the advantages of energy conservation, low danger coefficient and greatly simplified structure of manufacturing equipment in the manufacturing process.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. The utility model provides a sheet metal material thermoforming mould which characterized in that includes:
the first female die is provided with a cavity and a peripheral molded surface arranged around the cavity, and an insulating layer is arranged on the outer surface of the peripheral molded surface;
the electrode is electrically connected with the metal plate and is suitable for electrifying the metal plate and heating the metal plate;
and the forming assembly is contacted with the peripheral molded surface and extrudes the metal plate when the mold is in a closed state, so that the metal plate and the cavity of the first female mold are in a shape form.
2. The sheet metal forming die of claim 1, wherein the forming assembly comprises:
the gas pressurization partition plate is provided with a pressing surface for pressing the metal plate on the peripheral surface of the first female die, and the gas pressurization partition plate is suitable for pressing the metal plate with the peripheral surface of the first female die when the die is closed;
and the gas pressurizing partition plate is provided with a gas nozzle which is open towards the metal plate.
3. The sheet metal forming die according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of air nozzles are provided in a region of the gas pressurizing partition plate corresponding to the cavity of the first female die.
4. The sheet metal forming die of claim 3, wherein a plurality of air nozzles are communicated with the same air passage, and an air inlet of the air passage is arranged on the side surface of the gas pressurizing partition plate.
5. The sheet metal forming die of claim 2, wherein the gas pressurizing spacer has an insulating layer on a surface thereof contacting the sheet metal.
6. The sheet metal forming die according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising:
the second female die is provided with a cavity and a peripheral molded surface arranged around the cavity, and the peripheral molded surface of the second female die is provided with an insulating layer;
the second concave die and the first concave die are respectively arranged on two sides of the gas pressurization spacing plate, the second concave die is suitable for pressing metal plates with the gas pressurization spacing plate when the die is closed, and one side, facing the second concave die, of the gas pressurization spacing plate is provided with a gas nozzle which is open towards the second concave die.
7. A sheet metal forming die according to claim 6, wherein said electrodes have two pairs of electrodes, said two pairs of electrodes being disposed adjacent to a face of said first female die and a face of said second female die, said two pairs of electrodes being adapted to heat two sheet metal plates clamped by said first female die and said gas pressurization spacer and said second female die and said gas pressurization spacer, respectively.
8. The metal sheet forming die according to claim 7, wherein the electrodes are plate-shaped, the left and right ends of the gas pressurizing partition plate are respectively provided with two electrodes, and an elastic insulating member is sandwiched between the two electrodes positioned on the same side of the gas pressurizing partition plate.
9. The sheet metal forming die of claim 6, further comprising:
and the force application components are suitable for tightly pressing the first concave die or the second concave die in a closed manner on the first concave die and the second concave die.
10. The sheet metal forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the insulating layer is provided on the surface of the cavity of the first female die and the second female die, and the cavity of the first female die and the second female die is further provided with a vent hole for communicating the cavity with the air outside the die.
11. A metal plate hot forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: placing a metal plate on the peripheral molded surface of the female die, wherein the surface of the peripheral molded surface is provided with an insulating coating;
s2: electrifying and heating the metal plate;
s3: pressing a gas pressurizing partition plate on the metal plate;
s4: keeping the gas pressurization partition plate and the female die to seal and press the plate, introducing high-pressure gas into the gas pressurization partition plate, filling the high-pressure gas into a space between the gas pressurization partition plate and the metal plate through a gas outlet hole of the gas pressurization partition plate, and blowing and extruding the heated metal plate into a cavity of the female die by using the pressure of the high-pressure gas;
s5: and opening the female die and the gas pressurization partition plate, and taking down the formed metal plate.
12. A hull formed from sheet metal by the method of claim 11.
13. The hull according to claim 12, wherein said hull is made from a single piece of sheet metal material.
14. A ship, characterized in that said hull is a hull as claimed in claim 12 or 13.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011392881.8A CN114570833A (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Metal sheet thermal forming die and method, ship hull and ship with ship hull |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011392881.8A CN114570833A (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Metal sheet thermal forming die and method, ship hull and ship with ship hull |
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| CN114570833A true CN114570833A (en) | 2022-06-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202011392881.8A Pending CN114570833A (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Metal sheet thermal forming die and method, ship hull and ship with ship hull |
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| JP2000024725A (en) * | 1998-07-14 | 2000-01-25 | Sky Alum Co Ltd | Superplastic molding device |
| US20030196466A1 (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2003-10-23 | Ryntz Edward Frank | Mid plate process and equipment for the superplastic forming of parts from plural sheets |
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