CN114568119A

CN114568119A - Water bamboo harvesting, bottom cutting and peeling integrated special machine and water bamboo harvesting method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114568119A
Application number: CN202210241174.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴磊; 赵雄; 程迪; 徐港吉; 曹功豪; 徐亚丹; 陈建能
Original assignee: Zhejiang Sci Tech University ZSTU
Current assignee: Zhejiang Sci Tech University ZSTU
Priority date: 2022-03-11
Filing date: 2022-03-11
Publication date: 2022-06-03
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-11
Also published as: CN114568119B

Abstract

The invention discloses a machine special for harvesting, cutting and peeling zizania aquatica and a method for harvesting zizania aquatica. The integrated special machine comprises a belt harvesting mechanism, a distribution conveying mechanism, a bottom-cutting and peeling mechanism and a vehicle body mechanism; the zizania latifolia is pulled out of the soil through the opposite transmission of a belt in the belt harvesting mechanism, and the zizania latifolia is cut through a disc cutter; the position of the lower part of the cane shoots is adjusted through the distribution conveying mechanism, and the lower part of the cane shoots is conveyed to the bottom cutting and peeling mechanism; the lower part of the cane shoot is cut off at the head end and the tail end by the bottom cutting and peeling mechanism, the lower part of the cane shoot is peeled by the two hard brushes rotating oppositely, and the processed lower part of the cane shoot is conveyed to the collecting box by the push rod assembly II. The harvesting machine is simple in structure, can effectively harvest the cane shoots in a field, and can cut and peel the harvested cane shoots; the invention effectively improves the harvesting efficiency of the cane shoots and reduces the manual labor.

Description

Water bamboo harvesting, bottom cutting and peeling integrated special machine and water bamboo harvesting method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a bottom-peeling and harvesting integrated special machine for water bamboo and a water bamboo harvesting method thereof.

Background

Zizania latifolia, also known as Gaoshu, lone bamboo shoot, solitary hand, Zizania latifolia or Gaoshu, is a perennial herbaceous plant of Gramineae family and belongs to the genus solitary. The water bamboo can be divided into double-cropping water bamboo and single-cropping water bamboo or one-cropping water bamboo and double-cropping water bamboo according to the cropping time of the water bamboo, wherein the double-cropping water bamboo or double-cropping water bamboo has higher yield and better quality; at present, only harvesting and collecting treatment is carried out on the water bamboo in the process of harvesting the water bamboo, and the processes of bottom cutting and peeling of the water bamboo are both carried out manually, so that the operation time is long, the operation efficiency is low, and the labor intensity of workers is high; therefore, in order to improve the harvesting efficiency of the cane shoots and reduce the labor intensity of workers, a harvester integrating harvesting, bottom cutting and peeling of the cane shoots is urgently needed to be provided, so that the labor intensity of the workers is reduced, and the harvesting efficiency of the cane shoots is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a special harvester capable of realizing the integration of harvesting, bottom cutting and peeling of the water bamboo in the harvesting process of the water bamboo and a water bamboo harvesting method thereof, so as to improve the harvesting efficiency of the water bamboo and reduce the labor force.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention relates to a water bamboo harvesting, bottom cutting and peeling integrated special machine which comprises a belt harvesting mechanism, a distribution conveying mechanism, a bottom cutting and peeling mechanism and a vehicle body; the belt harvesting mechanism and the distribution conveying mechanism are both assembled on one side of the vehicle body; the distribution conveying mechanism is positioned right below the belt harvesting mechanism; the bottom peeling mechanism is assembled inside the vehicle body, and the input end of the bottom peeling mechanism is positioned below the output end of the distribution conveying mechanism.

The belt harvesting mechanism comprises a first rack, a disc cutter and a belt; the first rack is fixed on the fixed plate; the fixed plate is fixed outside the side wall of the vehicle body; two motors I are fixed at one end of the rack; the output shafts of the two motors I are respectively fixed with a driving wheel; the other end of the frame and the two driven wheels form a revolute pair; each driving wheel is connected with one driven wheel through a belt; the two belts are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the output ends of the belts are higher than the input ends; the cutting knife motor is fixed on the first rack; and the disc cutter is fixed on an output shaft of the cutter motor and is positioned below the distance between the two belts.

The distribution conveying mechanism comprises a wedge-shaped baffle, a motor II, a charging chute, a minute wheel shell and a minute wheel; one end of the charging chute is communicated and fixed with a rectangular opening formed in the side wall of the vehicle body; the other end of the charging chute is connected with one end of the minute wheel shell; the wedge-shaped baffle is connected with the other end of the minute wheel shell; the wedge-shaped baffle is positioned below the disc cutter; the minute wheel is positioned in the minute wheel shell and forms a revolute pair with the fixed plate; the minute wheel is driven by a second motor; the second motor is fixed at the bottom of the first rack; divide the wheel to be equipped with a plurality of sand grips of integrated into one piece and along circumference equipartition, form the water bamboo holding tank between the adjacent sand grip.

The bottom cutting and peeling mechanism comprises a bristle brush, a cutting plate, a first push rod assembly, a second rack, a cutter assembly, a second push rod assembly and a third motor; the second frame is fixed in the vehicle body; the cutting plate is positioned at the output end of the first push rod assembly and is positioned between two cutters in the cutter assembly; one side of the cutting plate is hinged with the second rack; the push rod assembly is positioned right below the cutting plate, and a push rod of the push rod assembly is contacted with the bottom of the other side of the cutting plate, which is not hinged with the second rack; the two bristle brushes are positioned on the side where the cutting plate is hinged with the second rack; one end of each hard brush and the two bearing seats form a rotating pair respectively, and the other end of each hard brush and the two bearing seats form a rotating pair respectively; the bearing seat I and the bearing seat II are fixed on the side wall inside the vehicle body; the motor III is fixed on the side wall inside the vehicle body; a third gear and a fourth gear are respectively fixed at one end of each bristle brush close to the third motor; the second gear is fixed on an output shaft of the third motor and forms a gear pair together with the third gear and the fourth gear; the push rod component II is positioned below the two bristle brushes.

Preferably, the cutter assembly comprises a first electric sliding table, a connecting rod and a cutter; the electric sliding table I is fixed on the vehicle body; the connecting rod is fixed on a first sliding block of the first electric sliding table; two cutters are fixed at two ends of the connecting rod.

Preferably, the machine frame is provided with a bottom cutting waste material channel at the position of the bottom of the cutting plate, and the vehicle body is provided with a waste material outlet at the position of the output end of the bottom cutting waste material channel.

More preferably, the push rod assembly I comprises a first slide way, a second electric sliding table and a first push plate; the electric sliding table II and the slideway I are fixed on the rack II; and the first push plate penetrates through a sliding groove formed in the bottom of the first slide way and is fixed on a second slide block of the second electric sliding table.

More preferably, the push rod assembly II comprises a slide rail II, an electric sliding table III and a push plate II; the electric sliding table III and the slideway II are fixed on the frame II, and the slideway II is positioned below the two bristle brushes; and the second push plate penetrates through a sliding groove formed in the bottom of the second slide way and is fixed on a third slide block of the third electric sliding table.

More preferably, the ejector rod assembly comprises an electric sliding table IV and a push rod; the electric sliding table IV is fixed on the vehicle body; the push rod is fixedly connected with the four sliding blocks of the electric sliding table through the connecting block.

Preferably, the cutting plate is hinged with the second frame through a hinge.

Preferably, a fifth gear is fixed on an output shaft of the second motor; one end of the minute wheel is fixed with a first gear; and the fifth gear and the first gear form a gear pair.

Preferably, the minute wheel and the bearing seat III form a revolute pair, and the bearing seat III is fixed on the fixed plate.

The invention relates to a method for harvesting cane shoots by a special machine integrating cane shoot harvesting, bottom cutting and peeling, which comprises the following steps:

aligning the input end of a belt harvesting device to the lower part of the water bamboo, and clamping the water bamboo by two belts and pulling the water bamboo out of soil in the process that a vehicle body moves forwards; the pulled cane shoots move to an output end along with a belt; when the water bamboo moves to the disc cutter, the disc cutter cuts the water bamboo, and the lower part of the water bamboo falls into the distribution conveying mechanism; the upper branches of the cane shoots are conveyed along with a belt until the output ends of the cane shoots are discharged to the outside;

step two, the lower part of the cane shoots falls into the shell of the sub-wheel through a wedge-shaped baffle; the motor II drives the sub-wheel to rotate, and under the action of the sub-wheel, the lower parts of the water bamboos slide downwards to the push rod assembly I of the bottom cutting and peeling mechanism through the charging chute one by one;

step three, starting an electric sliding table II in the push rod assembly I, pushing the lower part of the cane shoot to move by a push plate I, and resetting the push plate I after the lower part of the cane shoot moves to the cutting plate; at the moment, an electric sliding table in the cutter assembly is started to drive the two cutters to move downwards, and the head end and the tail end of the lower part of the cane shoot on the cutting plate are cut off; the head end and the tail end of the cut water bamboo lower part fall onto the second rack and slide out; then, the electric sliding table drives the two cutters to ascend and reset, the electric sliding table IV in the ejector rod assembly is started to drive the push rod to move upwards, the cutting plate is jacked and turned over, and the push rod resets after the lower part of the water bamboo on the cutting plate falls between the two hard hairbrushes;

step four, the motor three drives the two hard hairbrushes to rotate oppositely; under the action of the hard teeth on the surface of the bristle brush, the skin of the lower part of the cane shoots is peeled off and falls onto the push rod assembly II; at the moment, an electric sliding table III in the push rod assembly II is started to drive the push plate II to move; and the second push plate pushes the lower part of the peeled cane shoots to move until the peeled cane shoots fall into the collecting box, and the second push plate resets.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention pulls out the cane shoots from the soil through the opposite transmission of the belt in the belt harvesting mechanism, and cuts the cane shoots through the disc cutter; the position of the lower part of the cane shoots is adjusted through the distribution conveying mechanism, and the lower part of the cane shoots is conveyed to the bottom cutting and peeling mechanism; cutting off the head end and the tail end of the lower part of the cane shoots through a bottom cutting and peeling mechanism, peeling the lower part of the cane shoots through two hard brushes rotating in opposite directions, and conveying the treated lower part of the cane shoots to a collection box through a second push rod assembly; the harvesting machine is simple in structure, can effectively harvest the cane shoots in a field, and can cut and peel the harvested cane shoots; the invention effectively improves the harvesting efficiency of the cane shoots and reduces the manual labor.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the overall construction of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the belt harvesting mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the dispensing and conveying mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the bottom peeling mechanism of the present invention when the cutting board is not turned over;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the bottom peeling mechanism of the present invention when the cutting board is turned over;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the cutter assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a first push rod assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the push rod assembly II according to the present invention;

fig. 9 is a perspective view showing the construction of the carrier rod assembly according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention relates to a water bamboo cutting, bottom cutting and peeling integrated special machine which comprises a belt harvesting mechanism 1, a distribution and conveying mechanism 2, a bottom cutting and peeling mechanism 3 and a vehicle body 4 (the bottom of the vehicle body 4 is hinged with a travelling wheel driven by a driving piece), wherein the belt harvesting mechanism is arranged on the belt harvesting mechanism; the belt harvesting mechanism 1 and the distribution conveying mechanism 2 are both assembled on one side of the vehicle body 4; the distribution conveying mechanism 2 is positioned right below the belt harvesting mechanism 1; the bottom peeling mechanism 3 is assembled inside the vehicle body 4, and the input end of the bottom peeling mechanism 3 is positioned below the output end of the distribution conveying mechanism 2.

As shown in fig. 2, the belt harvesting mechanism 1 comprises a first frame 11, a disc cutter 12 and a belt 13; the first frame 11 is fixed on the fixing plate; the fixed plate is fixed outside the side wall of the vehicle body 4; one end of the first frame 11 is fixedly provided with two first motors; the output shafts of the two motors I are respectively fixed with a driving wheel; the other end of the first rack 11 and the two driven wheels form a revolute pair; each driving wheel is connected with one driven wheel through a belt 13; the two belts 13 are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the output end of each belt 13 is higher than the input end, so that the wild rice shoots are gradually pulled up when being transmitted in the belts 13; the cutting knife motor is fixed on the first frame 11; the disk cutter 12 is fixed on the output shaft of the cutter motor and is positioned below the distance between the two belts 13.

As shown in fig. 3, the distribution conveying mechanism 2 comprises a wedge-shaped baffle 21, a second motor 23, a charging chute 24, a minute wheel housing 25 and a minute wheel 27; one end of the charging chute 24 is communicated and fixed with a rectangular opening arranged on the side wall of the vehicle body 4; the other end of the charging chute 24 is connected with one end of the minute wheel shell 25; the wedge-shaped baffle 21 is connected with the other end of the minute wheel shell 25; the wedge-shaped baffle 21 is positioned below the disc cutter 12; the minute wheel 27 is positioned inside the minute wheel shell 25 and forms a revolute pair with the fixed plate; the minute wheel 27 is driven by a second motor 23; the second motor 23 is fixed at the bottom of the first frame 11; divide wheel 27 to be equipped with a plurality of sand grips of integrated into one piece and along circumference equipartition, form the water bamboo holding tank between the adjacent sand grip.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the bottom-cutting and peeling mechanism 3 comprises a bristle brush 31, a cutting plate 33, a first push rod assembly 34, a mandril assembly 35, a second frame 37, a cutter assembly 38, a second push rod assembly 39 and a third motor 310; the second frame 37 is fixed in the vehicle body 4; the cutting plate 33 is positioned at the output end of the first push rod assembly 34 and is positioned between two cutters in the cutter assembly 38; the first push rod assembly 34 pushes the cane shoots to the cutting plate 33, and the cutter assembly 38 cuts the bottoms of the cane shoots; one side of the cutting plate 33 is hinged with a second frame 37; the push rod assembly 35 is positioned right below the cutting plate 33, and the push rod 351 of the push rod assembly 35 is in contact with the bottom of the other side of the cutting plate 33, which is not hinged with the second rack 37; the two scrubbing brushes 31 are positioned on the side of the cutting plate 33 hinged with the second frame 37; one ends of the two bristle brushes 31 and the two bearing blocks I32 respectively form a rotating pair, and the other ends of the two bristle brushes and the two bearing blocks II respectively form a rotating pair; the first bearing seat 32 and the second bearing seat are fixed on the side wall inside the vehicle body 04; the motor III 310 is fixed on the side wall inside the vehicle body 4; a third gear and a fourth gear are respectively fixed at one end of each bristle brush 31 close to the third motor 310; the second gear is fixed on an output shaft of the third motor 310 and forms a gear pair together with the third gear and the fourth gear; the push rod assembly 35 is used for turning the water bamboo with the bottom cut on the cutting plate 33 between the two bristle brushes 31; and the second push rod assembly 39 is positioned below the two bristle brushes 31 and is used for sending out the peeled cane shoots.

As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the cutter assembly 38 includes an electric slide table one 383, a connecting rod 382 and a cutter 381; the electric sliding table I383 is fixed on the vehicle body 4; the connecting rod 382 is fixed on a first slide block of the electric sliding table 383; two cutters 381 are fixed to both ends of the connecting rod 382.

As a preferred embodiment, a bottom cutting waste channel is arranged at the bottom of the cutting plate 33 of the second frame 37, a waste outlet is arranged at the output end of the bottom cutting waste channel of the cart body 4, and the bottom cutting waste of the water bamboo slides out of the cart body 4 from the bottom cutting waste channel and the waste outlet.

As a more preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the push rod assembly one 34 includes a slide way one, a power slide way two 342 and a push plate one 341; the electric sliding table II 342 and the sliding way I are fixed on the rack II 37; the first push plate 341 penetrates through a sliding groove formed in the bottom of the first slide way and is fixed on a second slide block of the second electric sliding table 342.

As a more preferable embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the push rod assembly two 39 includes a slide way two, an electric slide table three 392 and a push plate two 391; the electric sliding table III 392 and the slideway II are fixed on the frame II 37, and the slideway II is positioned below the two bristle brushes 31; the second push plate 391 penetrates through a sliding groove formed in the bottom of the second slide way and is fixed on a third slide block of the electric sliding table three 392.

As a more preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the jack module 35 includes an electric slide table four 352 and a push rod 351; the electric sliding table four 352 is fixed on the vehicle body 4; the push rod 351 is fixedly connected with a fourth sliding block of the electric sliding table 352 through a connecting block.

As a preferred embodiment, the cutting plate 33 is hinged to the second frame 37 by a hinge 36.

As a preferred embodiment, a gear five is fixed on an output shaft of the motor two 23; one end of the minute wheel 27 is fixed with a first gear 22; the fifth gear and the first gear 22 form a gear pair; the control of the rotating speed of the minute wheel 27 can be realized by changing the number of teeth of the fifth gear.

In a preferred embodiment, the minute wheel 27 and the third bearing seat 26 form a rotation pair, and the third bearing seat 26 is fixed on the fixed plate.

The first motor, the second motor 23, the third motor 310, the first electric sliding table 383, the second electric sliding table 342, the third electric sliding table 392 and the fourth electric sliding table 352 are all connected with a controller and controlled by the controller.

Under the condition of all the embodiments, the method for harvesting the cane shoots by the special machine integrating the cutting, bottom peeling and peeling of the cane shoots, disclosed by the invention, comprises the following specific steps of:

step one, aligning the input end of the belt harvesting device 1 to the lower part of the water bamboo, and clamping the water bamboo by two belts 13 and pulling out the water bamboo from soil in the process that the vehicle body 4 moves forwards; the pulled cane shoots move to the output end along with the belt 13; when the water bamboo moves to the position of the disc cutter 12, the disc cutter 12 cuts the water bamboo, and the lower part of the water bamboo falls into the distribution conveying mechanism 2; the upper branches of the cane shoots are conveyed along with the belt 13 until the output ends are discharged to the outside;

step two, the lower part of the cane shoots falls into the minute wheel shell 25 through the wedge-shaped baffle 21; the motor II 23 drives the minute wheel 27 to rotate, and under the action of the minute wheel 27, the lower parts of the cane shoots slide down to the first push rod assembly 34 of the bottom cutting and peeling mechanism 3 through the blanking groove 24 one by one;

step three, starting an electric sliding table II 342 in the push rod assembly I34, pushing a push plate I341 to push the lower part of the cane shoot to move, and resetting the push plate I341 until the lower part of the cane shoot moves to the cutting plate 33; at this time, the electric sliding table one 383 in the cutter assembly 38 is started to drive the two cutters 381 to move downwards, and the head end and the tail end of the cane shoot at the lower part of the cutting plate 33 are cut off; the head end and the tail end of the cut cane shoots fall onto the second rack 37 and slide outwards; then, the first electric sliding table 383 drives the two cutters 381 to ascend and reset, the fourth electric sliding table 352 in the ejector rod assembly 35 is started to drive the push rod 351 to move upwards to jack up and turn over the cutting plate 33, and after the lower part of the water bamboo on the cutting plate 33 falls between the two bristle brushes 31, the push rod 351 resets;

step four, the motor III 310 drives the two bristle brushes 31 to rotate oppositely; under the action of the hard teeth on the surface of the bristle brush 31, the skin of the lower part of the cane shoots is peeled off and falls onto the push rod assembly II 39; at the moment, the electric sliding table III 392 in the push rod assembly II 39 is started to drive the push plate II 391 to move; the second push plate 391 pushes the lower part of the peeled water bamboo to move until the peeled water bamboo falls into the collection box, and the second push plate 391 resets.

And (5) repeating the steps from one to four, so that the cane shoots can be continuously harvested, the bottom of the cane shoots can be cut and the cane shoots can be peeled.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an integrative special machine is peeld at bottom is cut to cane shoot harvesting, includes automobile body mechanism, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a belt harvesting mechanism, a distribution conveying mechanism and a bottom-cutting and peeling mechanism; the belt harvesting mechanism and the distribution conveying mechanism are both assembled on one side of the vehicle body; the distribution conveying mechanism is positioned right below the belt harvesting mechanism; the bottom peeling mechanism is assembled in the vehicle body, and the input end of the bottom peeling mechanism is positioned below the output end of the distribution conveying mechanism;

the belt harvesting mechanism comprises a first rack, a disc cutter and a belt; the first rack is fixed on the fixed plate; the fixed plate is fixed outside the side wall of the vehicle body; two motors I are fixed at one end of the rack; the output shafts of the two motors I are respectively fixed with a driving wheel; the other end of the rack and the two driven wheels form a revolute pair; each driving wheel is connected with one driven wheel through a belt; the two belts are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the output ends of the belts are higher than the input ends; the cutting knife motor is fixed on the first rack; the disc cutter is fixed on an output shaft of the cutter motor and is positioned below the distance between the two belts;

the distribution conveying mechanism comprises a wedge-shaped baffle, a motor II, a charging chute, a minute wheel shell and a minute wheel; one end of the charging chute is communicated and fixed with a rectangular opening formed in the side wall of the vehicle body; the other end of the charging chute is connected with one end of the minute wheel shell; the wedge-shaped baffle is connected with the other end of the minute wheel shell; the wedge-shaped baffle is positioned below the disc cutter; the minute wheel is positioned in the minute wheel shell and forms a revolute pair with the fixed plate; the minute wheel is driven by a second motor; the second motor is fixed at the bottom of the first rack; the sub-wheel is provided with a plurality of raised lines which are integrally formed and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and a water bamboo accommodating groove is formed between every two adjacent raised lines;

the bottom cutting and peeling mechanism comprises a bristle brush, a cutting plate, a first push rod assembly, a second rack, a cutter assembly, a second push rod assembly and a third motor; the second frame is fixed in the vehicle body; the cutting plate is positioned at the output end of the first push rod assembly and is positioned between two cutters in the cutter assembly; one side of the cutting plate is hinged with the second rack; the push rod assembly is positioned right below the cutting plate, and a push rod of the push rod assembly is contacted with the bottom of the other side of the cutting plate, which is not hinged with the second rack; the two bristle brushes are positioned on the side where the cutting plate is hinged with the second rack; one end of each hard brush and the two bearing seats form a rotating pair respectively, and the other end of each hard brush and the two bearing seats form a rotating pair respectively; the first bearing seat and the second bearing seat are both fixed on the side wall inside the vehicle body; the motor III is fixed on the side wall inside the vehicle body; a third gear and a fourth gear are respectively fixed at one end of each bristle brush close to the third motor; the second gear is fixed on an output shaft of the third motor and forms a gear pair together with the third gear and the fourth gear; the push rod component II is positioned below the two bristle brushes.

2. The special machine for cutting, bottom peeling and integrated peeling of zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cutter assembly comprises an electric sliding table I, a connecting rod and a cutter; the electric sliding table I is fixed on the vehicle body; the connecting rod is fixed on a first sliding block of the first electric sliding table; two cutters are fixed at two ends of the connecting rod.

3. The special machine for cutting, bottom peeling and integrated peeling of zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and a bottom cutting waste channel is arranged at the position of the second position of the frame at the bottom of the cutting plate, and a waste outlet is formed at the position of the vehicle body at the output end of the bottom cutting waste channel.

4. The special machine for cutting, bottom peeling and integrated peeling of zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the first push rod assembly comprises a first slide way, a second electric sliding table and a first push plate; the electric sliding table II and the slideway I are fixed on the rack II; and the first push plate penetrates through a sliding groove formed in the bottom of the first slide way and is fixed on a second slide block of the second electric sliding table.

5. The special machine for cutting, bottom peeling and integrated peeling of zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: the push rod assembly II comprises a slide rail II, an electric sliding table III and a push plate II; the electric sliding table III and the slideway II are fixed on the frame II, and the slideway II is positioned below the two bristle brushes; and the second push plate penetrates through a sliding groove formed in the bottom of the second slide way and is fixed on a third slide block of the third electric sliding table.

6. The special machine for cutting, bottom peeling and integrated peeling of zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that: the ejector rod assembly comprises an electric sliding table IV and a push rod; the electric sliding table IV is fixed on the vehicle body; the push rod is fixedly connected with the four sliding blocks of the electric sliding table through the connecting block.

7. The special machine for cutting, bottom peeling and integrated peeling of zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cutting plate is hinged with the second rack through a hinge.

8. The special machine for cutting, bottom peeling and integrated peeling of zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: a fifth gear is fixed on an output shaft of the second motor; one end of the minute wheel is fixed with a first gear; and the fifth gear and the first gear form a gear pair.

9. The special machine for cutting, bottom peeling and integrated peeling of zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the minute wheel and the bearing seat III form a revolute pair, and the bearing seat III is fixed on the fixed plate.

10. The method for harvesting zizania latifolia by the special machine for harvesting, cutting, peeling and peeling zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 6, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

aligning the input end of a belt harvesting device to the lower part of the water bamboo, and clamping the water bamboo by two belts and pulling the water bamboo out of soil in the process that a vehicle body moves forwards; the pulled cane shoots move to an output end along with the belt; when the water bamboo moves to the disc cutter, the disc cutter cuts the water bamboo, and the lower part of the water bamboo falls into the distribution conveying mechanism; the upper branches of the cane shoots are conveyed along with a belt until the output ends of the cane shoots are discharged to the outside;

step two, the lower part of the cane shoots falls into the shell of the sub-wheel through a wedge-shaped baffle; the motor II drives the branch wheel to rotate, and under the action of the branch wheel, the lower parts of the water bamboos slide down to the push rod assembly I of the bottom peeling mechanism through the charging chute one by one;

step three, starting an electric sliding table II in the push rod assembly I, pushing the lower part of the cane shoot to move by a push plate I, and resetting the push plate I after the lower part of the cane shoot moves to the cutting plate; at the moment, an electric sliding table in the cutter assembly is started to drive the two cutters to move downwards, and the head end and the tail end of the lower part of the cane shoot on the cutting plate are cut off; the head end and the tail end of the cut cane shoots fall onto the second rack and slide out; then, the electric sliding table drives the two cutters to ascend and reset, the electric sliding table IV in the ejector rod assembly is started to drive the push rod to move upwards, the cutting plate is jacked and turned over, and the push rod resets after the lower part of the water bamboo on the cutting plate falls between the two hard hairbrushes;