CN114563820A - Geophysical monitoring method, device and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a geophysical monitoring method, a device and a system, which relate to the technical field of carbon capture, utilization and sequestration and comprise the following steps: in the process of injecting carbon dioxide into a target area and sealing up, first parameters collected by an aerospace monitoring subsystem, second parameters collected by a ground monitoring subsystem and third parameters collected by an in-well monitoring subsystem are obtained; wherein, different monitoring subsystems monitor the target area from different dimensions; geophysical monitoring results for the target area are then determined based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter. The method ensures that the acquired multiple parameters are real and effective by mutually verifying the first parameter, the second parameter and the third parameter, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the geophysical monitoring result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon capture, utilization and sequestration, in particular to a geophysical monitoring method, device and system.
Background
In Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) engineering, there are two common monitoring methods, the first is a time-shifting 4D multicomponent seismic monitoring method, which monitors the migration behavior of Carbon dioxide by reflecting the influence of Carbon dioxide on the formation during the injection process on the change of reflection information or wave impedance caused by the difference of the formation properties; the second is Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP), which, like the first method, exhibits carbon dioxide enrichment near the well, both methods require surface blasting and multiple acquisitions lead to higher costs. The two methods are often matched and combined for use, but no matter which method is adopted, the defects that the accuracy of the collected information and the accuracy of the carbon dioxide migration behavior cannot be verified, and the early warning cannot be performed on formation breakthrough and gas leakage in time, so that the accuracy and the safety of the CCUS monitoring result cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a geophysical monitoring method, a geophysical monitoring device and a geophysical monitoring system, which are used for solving the technical problem that the accuracy of a monitoring result cannot be ensured due to the fact that the accuracy of collected information is unknown in the prior art.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a geophysical monitoring method, which is applied to a control end, and includes: in the process of injecting carbon dioxide into a target area and sealing up, acquiring a first parameter acquired by an aerospace monitoring subsystem, a second parameter acquired by a ground monitoring subsystem and a third parameter acquired by an in-well monitoring subsystem; wherein different monitoring subsystems monitor the target area from different dimensions; determining a geophysical monitoring result for the target region based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.
Further, the determining a geophysical monitoring result for the target area based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter includes: determining a surface deformation rate of the target area based on the first parameter; wherein the surface deformation rate is used for reflecting the migration and diffusion behaviors of the carbon dioxide; determining a velocity structure of the target region based on the second parameter and the third parameter; wherein the velocity structure is used to characterize structural variations characteristic of the target region; determining microseismic event attribute information for the target area based on the second parameter; and determining the earth surface deformation rate, the velocity structure or the micro seismic event attribute information as a geophysical monitoring result of the target area.
Further, the first parameter includes a surface elevation; the determining the surface deformation rate of the target area based on the first parameter comprises: monitoring the surface elevations of the target area in different periods, and calculating a normalized difference value of the surface elevations; wherein the different periods include a carbon dioxide not injected period, a carbon dioxide injection period, and a carbon dioxide sequestration period; and determining the normalized difference value as the earth surface deformation rate of the target area.
Further, the second parameter comprises a background noise signal, and the third parameter comprises a formation parameter; the determining a velocity structure of the target region based on the second parameter and the third parameter includes: performing cross correlation on a preset Green function and the background noise signal to obtain a cross-correlation Green function of the target area; and fitting the cross-correlation green's function to a velocity structure of the target area based on the array distribution of the ground monitoring subsystem.
Further, the second parameter comprises a microseismic signal; determining microseismic event attribute information for the target zone based on the second parameter, including: positioning and inverting the microseism event according to the microseism signal to obtain a seismic source position positioning result and a seismic source mechanism inversion result; and obtaining the micro-seismic event attribute information based on the seismic source position positioning result and the seismic source mechanism inversion result.
Further, after determining a geophysical monitoring result for the target area based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter, the method further includes: and transmitting the micro-seismic event attribute information to a mobile terminal through a target network when the micro-seismic signal is determined to damage a target reservoir based on the micro-seismic event attribute information so as to enable the mobile terminal to perform early warning processing.
Further, before fitting the cross-correlation green's function to the velocity structure of the target area based on the array distribution of the ground monitoring subsystem, the method further includes: collecting a surface remote sensing image in a target area in the process of injecting carbon dioxide into the target area; establishing an initial earth surface model in a mode of carrying out image processing on the earth surface remote sensing image; determining an array distribution of the ground monitoring subsystem based on the initial surface model, the depth and the range of the target area.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a geophysical monitoring device, wherein the geophysical monitoring device is applied to a control end, and comprises: the acquiring unit is used for acquiring a first parameter acquired by the sky monitoring subsystem, a second parameter acquired by the ground monitoring subsystem and a third parameter acquired by the in-well monitoring subsystem in the process of injecting carbon dioxide into a target area and sealing up; wherein different monitoring subsystems monitor the target area from different dimensions; a determination unit for determining a geophysical monitoring result for the target area based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a geophysical monitoring system, comprising: the control terminal of the first aspect, and a plurality of monitoring subsystems; wherein the plurality of monitoring subsystems comprise: the system comprises an air and space monitoring subsystem, a ground monitoring subsystem and a well monitoring subsystem; the multiple monitoring subsystems monitor the target area from different dimensions.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program operable on the processor, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the geophysical monitoring method.
The invention provides a geophysical monitoring method, a device and a system, which comprises the following steps: in the process of injecting carbon dioxide into a target area and sealing up, first parameters collected by an aerospace monitoring subsystem, second parameters collected by a ground monitoring subsystem and third parameters collected by an in-well monitoring subsystem are obtained; wherein, different monitoring subsystems monitor the target area from different dimensions; a geophysical monitoring result for the target area is then determined based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter. The method ensures that the acquired multiple parameters are real and effective by mutually verifying the first parameter, the second parameter and the third parameter, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the geophysical monitoring result.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a geophysical monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified structural diagram of a geophysical monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a geophysical monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a microseismic signal;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of background high frequency noise data;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the determination of whether the migration of carbon dioxide is outside a predetermined range of the reservoir;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the results of the location of the source locations;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the results of a fine motion background monitoring;
FIG. 9 is a basic display interface of the control end;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of the main components and implementation goals of the control end platform system;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a rupture warning system response;
FIG. 12 is a satellite map version of the initial earth model;
FIG. 13 is an elevation version of the earth's surface and a partially enlarged initial earth surface model;
FIG. 14 is a plan view of the rate of deformation of the earth's surface;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a geophysical monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon:
11-an acquisition unit; 12-determination unit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The most common effective method for carbon capture, utilization and sequestration at present is a time-shifting 4D multi-component earthquake monitoring method, and the method achieves the purpose of monitoring the migration and diffusion range after carbon dioxide injection by reflecting the influence of carbon dioxide on the stratum in different injection periods on the reflection information or wave impedance change caused by the difference of the physical properties of the stratum during earthquake acquisition. Another monitoring method that can be implemented is VSP, which is shot at the surface and received with a borehole tool, and walk-way vertical seismic profiling methods are the main methods for seismic imaging near the borehole. The time sequence principle of the VSP is similar to that of the first monitoring mode, and the seismic information reflected by the underground medium in different periods is collected, and the purpose of monitoring is achieved by comparing the difference of the seismic information in different periods.
The two monitoring methods in the prior art are poor in mutual verification, cannot solve the problems of stratum development cracks, excessive expected diffusion of carbon dioxide and even leakage caused by the fact that injected carbon dioxide temporarily exceeds stratum throughput capacity, and cannot accurately depict and predict migration and diffusion behaviors of carbon dioxide in the underground. In essence, the migration of carbon dioxide underground is due to the development and re-development of fractures in the formation. Second, the prior art is costly and requires either blasting or active seismic acquisition.
In other words, due to the fact that the design scales of the two monitoring methods have various problems, the 4D earthquake depends too much on the acquisition work area and the observation system, some areas cannot meet the arrangement of the monitoring system, for example, the terrain is too fluctuant, a small number of monitoring points can be arranged and implemented, and intensive multi-channel monitoring can be difficult to complete; while VSP relies too much on the well, the detection range is relatively limited because it utilizes in-well monitoring equipment. The two monitoring methods need to carry out active source collection, the carbon storage area needs to avoid active sources as much as possible, and the disturbance to the underground sealing area cannot be predicted by destructive forces such as explosive hammering, so that the similar behaviors can cause uncontrollable influence on the implementation of underground carbon storage.
Because the two monitoring methods are subsequent analysis such as imaging and the like through the seismic propagation theory, even if the two monitoring methods are combined, cross validation of multiple technologies still exists, and the reliability of the monitoring result is low. Based on this, the invention aims to provide a geophysical monitoring method, device and system, which can ensure that various collected parameters are real and effective, and further ensure the accuracy of a geophysical monitoring result.
For the understanding of the embodiment, a geophysical monitoring system disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
Example 1:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a geophysical monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The invention provides a geophysical monitoring system which comprises the following modules: the monitoring system comprises a control end and a plurality of monitoring subsystems connected with the control end. As shown in fig. 1, the plurality of monitoring subsystems includes at least one of: an aerospace monitoring subsystem, a surface monitoring subsystem (i.e., the surface monitoring subsystem of fig. 1), and an in-well monitoring subsystem (i.e., the subsurface monitoring subsystem of fig. 1). The multiple monitoring subsystems monitor different parameters of the target area from different dimensions. In general, for engineering of a CCUS injection underground structure project, the embodiment of the invention designs a monitoring system with four spatial dimensions from top to bottom (namely space-sky-near surface-deep stratum (well)) and three time dimensions, and the monitoring system is a CCUS integrated system. The three time dimensions include a carbon dioxide injection process, a carbon dioxide injection process and a carbon dioxide sequestration process before carbon dioxide injection (or referred to as a pre-stage), and the three time dimensions may constitute a continuous time sequence.
The details of the monitoring of different parameters of the target area by each monitoring subsystem are shown in the following embodiment 2, which are not described herein again. The control terminal may refer to a controller including a display screen. The display screen can intuitively display various parameters collected by the monitoring subsystem and also can intuitively display information determined according to the various parameters, and the visualization process is shown in the following embodiment 2. As shown in fig. 1, the sky monitoring subsystem includes a satellite and an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the satellite may be referred to as an Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) satellite. It should be noted that the three-dimensional visualized surface model can be built in a manner of unmanned aerial vehicle scanning and splicing. The ground monitoring subsystem comprises a first detector and a second detector, and the embedding depth of the second detector is larger than that of the first detector. The underground monitoring subsystem comprises a deep well real-time sampling device. The geophysical monitoring system of figure 1 may be reduced to the configuration of figure 2. As shown in fig. 2, a small cuboid is a carbon dioxide injection region, and the array distribution of 4 rows and 4 columns may refer to the array distribution of the ground monitoring subsystem.
The geophysical monitoring system provided by the embodiment of the invention is a three-dimensional combined monitoring system, can realize mutual verification between the acquired parameters, further improve the monitoring and predicting precision, can completely highlight the accurate migration or plume range of carbon dioxide by adopting a multi-dimensional monitoring system, and has the monitoring and evaluation success of injection engineering.
Example 2:
in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an embodiment of a geophysical monitoring method, it being noted that the steps illustrated in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowchart, in some cases the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than here.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a geophysical monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the method includes the following steps:
step S101, in the process of injecting carbon dioxide into a target area and sealing up, acquiring a first parameter acquired by an aerospace monitoring subsystem, a second parameter acquired by a ground monitoring subsystem and a third parameter acquired by an in-well monitoring subsystem. Wherein different monitoring subsystems monitor the target area from different dimensions.
Step S102, determining a geophysical monitoring result of the target area based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter and the third parameter.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the geophysical monitoring method is applied to a control terminal in a physical monitoring system, the first parameter includes, but is not limited to, the elevation of the earth surface, the second parameter includes microseismic signals and background noise signals, and the third parameter includes formation parameters, including, but not limited to: density, formation initial velocity, reservoir rock density, young's modulus. The background noise signal is processed to obtain background high-frequency noise data, that is, the background high-frequency noise data is different from conventional noise and belongs to a high-frequency part of the background noise, so that the original background noise signal needs to be processed, divided and extracted. The diagram of the micro-seismic signal is shown in fig. 4, and the diagram of the background high-frequency noise data is shown in fig. 5.
In the embodiment of the invention, the sky monitoring subsystem, the ground monitoring subsystem and the in-well monitoring subsystem collect different parameters of the same target area from four spatial dimensions (or called dimensions) of space, air, ground and well, and then mutual evidence can be carried out among the collected first parameter, the collected second parameter and the collected third parameter so as to ensure the reality and the effectiveness of various parameters and further ensure the accuracy of the geophysical monitoring result.
In an alternative embodiment, the step S102 of determining a geophysical monitoring result of the target area based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter and the third parameter includes the following steps S201 to S204, wherein: step S201, determining the earth surface deformation rate of the target area based on the first parameter; wherein the earth surface deformation rate is used for reflecting the migration and diffusion behaviors of the carbon dioxide; step S202, determining a speed structural body of the target area based on the second parameter and the third parameter; the speed structure body is used for representing structural change characteristics of the target area; step S203, determining the micro-seismic event attribute information of the target area based on the second parameter; and step S204, determining the earth surface deformation rate, the velocity structure or the micro seismic event attribute information as the geophysical monitoring result of the target area.
The migration diffusion behavior may refer to the diffusion and migration behavior after carbon dioxide injection. Because the surface deformation rate is determined based on the first parameter, the aerospace monitoring subsystem used to acquire the first parameter may also be used to monitor the surface deformation rate. Because the precision of the satellite for acquiring the remote sensing image can reach the meter level and even the centimeter level, the ground surface deformation rate in the preset time period can be monitored based on the satellite acquisition level and can also reach the centimeter level. Further, the surface deformation rate can be used to reflect surface uplift caused by injection of supercritical carbon dioxide gas into the subsurface as the injection volume increases and the gas state properties change. The surface deformation rate is very significant and requires long monitoring.
In an alternative embodiment, the first parameter includes a surface elevation; step S201, determining the earth surface deformation rate of the target area based on the first parameter, comprising the following steps S301 to S302, wherein: step S301, monitoring the surface elevations of the target area in different periods, and calculating the normalized difference of the surface elevations; wherein the different periods comprise a period of no carbon dioxide injection, a period of carbon dioxide injection and a period of carbon dioxide sequestration; and step S302, determining the normalized difference as the earth surface deformation rate of the target area. In the embodiment of the present invention, the real-time monitoring of the surface deformation rate of the target area can be realized by executing steps S301 to S302.
In an alternative embodiment, the second parameter comprises a background noise signal and the third parameter comprises a formation parameter; step S202, determining a velocity structure of the target region based on the second parameter and the third parameter, includes steps S401 to S402, in which: step S401, performing cross correlation on a preset Green function and a background noise signal to obtain a cross correlation Green function of a target area; and S402, fitting the cross-correlation green function into a speed structural body of the target area based on the array distribution of the ground monitoring subsystem. In the embodiment of the present invention, the real-time monitoring of the velocity structure of the target region can be realized by executing steps S401 to S402.
In an alternative embodiment, the second parameter comprises a microseismic signal; step S203, determining the micro-seismic event attribute information of the target area based on the second parameter, comprising the following steps S501-S502, wherein: step S501, positioning and inverting the microseism event according to the microseism signal to obtain a seismic source position positioning result and a seismic source mechanism inversion result; and S502, acquiring micro seismic event attribute information based on the seismic source position positioning result and the seismic source mechanism inversion result.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a three-dimensional visual earth model can be displayed through a display, and the carbon dioxide has a certain volume when finally transported to a time node, wherein the volume can be called as a carbon dioxide fluid stable behavior volume. It should be noted that this volume is dynamic in nature and begins to gradually approach equilibrium only at the moment when no containment is last injected. In the carbon dioxide injection process, environmental and ecological dangerous events such as large-scale micro-seismic events, degassing, escape and the like can occur, and the diffusion and migration behavior of the carbon dioxide can also be abnormal. An anomaly here means that the carbon dioxide is outside a pre-planned area before injection. For example, a micro-seismic event that has occurred is monitored by the control end, the control end rapidly calculates the location and magnitude of the micro-seismic event, and then the control end (or called the main system) displays the location and magnitude in the visualization window through the display. According to the embodiment of the invention, a threshold value can be set, then the micro-seismic events exceeding the set threshold value are marked, and further engineering parameters (such as injection speed and injection amount) adopted by the short-term injection of the carbon dioxide are adjusted according to the marked micro-seismic events. The reservoir preset-range (i.e., the preset-range of the target reservoir) includes a depth range and an extent range, and both the depth range and the extent range are defined. As shown in fig. 6, the depth range may be expressed by a dark color. Whether the micro-seismic event occurs can be accurately judged by judging whether the migration of the carbon dioxide exceeds the preset range of the reservoir.
Furthermore, the ground monitoring subsystem for monitoring the micro seismic signals can utilize disturbance information of the ground monitoring subsystem in the target reservoir to invert a trend of carbon dioxide migration and diffusion behaviors, so that the inversion effect is quite accurate. The microseismic signals can still be verified by using a well or tracer method, which belongs to an environmental monitoring method and is not described herein.
In an optional embodiment, after determining the geophysical monitoring result for the target area based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter at step S102, the method further comprises: and S103, when the micro-seismic signal is determined to damage the target reservoir based on the micro-seismic event attribute information, transmitting the micro-seismic event attribute information to the mobile terminal through the target network so as to enable the mobile terminal to perform early warning processing. The target network includes a 5G network. The purpose of monitoring various parameters in the embodiment of the invention is to evaluate the behavior of the fluid (namely the carbon dioxide), strive for controllability, and perform early warning on dangerous events such as large-scale micro-seismic events, degassing and escape, so as to ensure the safety of the CCUS monitoring result.
In an alternative embodiment, before fitting the cross-correlation green' S function to the velocity structure of the target region based on the array distribution of the ground monitoring subsystem in step S402, the method further includes steps S403 to S405, where: step S403, collecting a surface remote sensing image in the target area in the process of injecting carbon dioxide into the target area; s404, establishing an initial earth surface model by carrying out image processing on the earth surface remote sensing image; step S405, determining array distribution of the ground monitoring subsystem based on the initial earth surface model and the depth and range of the target area. In the embodiment of the invention, in order to fit the accurate speed structure of the target area, the array distribution of the ground monitoring subsystem for acquiring the second parameter can be determined by processing the acquired first parameter. The image processing includes at least one of: three-dimensional point analysis, image recognition and superposition method, and removal of other misleading images such as earth surface vegetation buildings.
In practical application, the geophysical monitoring method can be combined with a plurality of monitoring subsystems to carry out detailed development:
(1) the air and space monitoring subsystem is mainly used for visually monitoring the ground in a target area by an unmanned aerial vehicle and an InSAR satellite, and the monitoring target is ground surface deformation. The ground surface deformation is mainly expressed as ground surface lifting change in carbon dioxide engineering. Based on the surface deformation, the embodiment of the invention can realize the modeling of the fine surface area in the target area, and the obvious surface deformation can be seen in one month or even more than one year. Sequestration after injection of carbon dioxide into the formation is itself a sustainable carbon sequestration step. The carbon dioxide is injected into the underground structure and conveyed to the underground stratum in a supercritical mode, and the carbon dioxide can be diffused and expanded in the stratum through long-term interaction reaction, so that the surface stratum is lifted. The sky monitoring subsystem monitors the earth surface elevations in different periods through the unmanned aerial vehicle and the satellite, and earth surface change model diagrams in a period of time are obtained through calculation of normalized difference values. The method is an effective method for intuitively obtaining the carbon dioxide migration diffusion range from a space perspective. In the early stage of carbon dioxide injection into the stratum, the embodiment of the invention takes InSAR satellite acquisition as a means to acquire a high-precision and high-resolution ground surface remote sensing image, and establishes a ground surface prior model by carrying out image processing on the ground surface remote sensing image, and the model can be used as an initial ground surface model in the final monitoring and early warning process.
(2) The ground monitoring subsystem consists of a plurality of three-component micro-seismic detectors (or called near-surface buried detectors), and the near-surface buried detectors are divided into a first detector and a second detector according to different buried depths; the first detector is a shallow detector, and the embedding depth of the first detector can be about 5 m; the second detector is a deep buried detector, and the buried depth of the second detector can be about 20 m. It should be noted that the depth of the individual detectors depends on the depth of the target area to be monitored. In embodiments of the invention, the second detector is substantially non-recovered and is permanently located in the ground monitoring subsystem, and the use of the second detector differs from the use of the first detector. The first geophone in the near-surface embedded geophone is used to monitor the microseismic events generated during carbon dioxide injection and sequestration due to small fracture propagation, slippage or dislocation activities induced by carbon dioxide fluid injection. The microseismic events have small magnitude and high signal resolution, so that the burial depth of the first detector can be easily acquired. In the embodiment of the invention, data processing and interpretation and event positioning and seismic source mechanism inversion can be carried out on the acquired microseism signals at the later stage, so that a seismic source position positioning result and a seismic source mechanism inversion result can be obtained, and the movement behavior trend direction of carbon dioxide injected into a stratum can be determined according to the two results.
And the observation system of the microseism event is established on the initial earth surface model, and the two systems are fused according to the geodetic coordinates to guide the next engineering. In particular, embodiments of the present invention design suitable detector arrays, including the first and second detectors described above, based on the approximate depth and extent of the target area being monitored. The design of different detector embedding schemes serves two purposes: the first detector is used for identifying micro seismic signals with relatively large seismic magnitude, and the second detector is used for collecting background noise signals (the background noise signals are processed subsequently to obtain background high-frequency noise with low noise level), wherein the source of the noise is underground injection engineering activity, and in the embodiment of the invention, the noise is mainly generated by stratum disturbance when carbon dioxide is injected into a reservoir. In other words, throughout the injection of carbon dioxide until stable sequestration, the subsurface geological reservoir space is active at all times due to differences in geostresses and rock brittleness, except that such activity cannot necessarily be directly observed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the data processing means adopted for the data collected by the first detector and the second detector will be different. The specific analysis is as follows: the identifiable micro-seismic signals are used for conventional seismic source position location and seismic source mechanism inversion, and data processing on the micro-seismic signals is shown in the steps S501 to S502. Background high-frequency noise data can be combined with cross correlation between stations to establish a cross correlation Green function of an underground fixed area, the cross correlation Green function is fitted into a three-dimensional wave velocity difference data body (namely VP/VS, wherein VP is longitudinal wave velocity, and VS is transverse wave velocity) based on array distribution, the data body (or called a velocity body) is used for representing structural change characteristics on planes with different depths, and the data body can be mutually proved with a result (namely surface deformation rate) determined according to a first parameter acquired by an aerospace monitoring subsystem to obtain the change really generated by gas injection. That is, all the data of the micro-seismic signals are available and all belong to valid information, and are used for micro-seismic signal positioning (i.e. the positioning of the seismic source position) and seismic source mechanism inversion to obtain a schematic diagram of the positioning result of the seismic source position as shown in fig. 7; and the background high-frequency noise data is used for cross-correlation between two stations based on the green function to obtain a schematic diagram of a micromotion background monitoring result (or called as a speed structure abnormal diagram) shown in fig. 8.
The surface monitoring subsystem can be applied to a plurality of parameters (such as density, initial velocity of stratum, density of reservoir rock, Young modulus and the like) when the surface monitoring subsystem is operated to form a map, and the parameters are provided by the monitoring result of the in-well monitoring subsystem. During the positioning process, the formation initial velocity of the in-well monitoring subsystem can be used as an initial velocity model, and the reservoir rock density and Young's modulus can be used for seismic source mechanism analysis. The cross-correlation green function is actually an aggregate function containing formation parameters, and the characteristic ray reaches the detector from the virtual source position through a certain path, which is not the key content of the embodiment of the invention, so that no specific analysis is performed.
Further, it is demonstrated that two or more methods are used to verify the accuracy of the predicted migration and diffusion behavior of carbon dioxide, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the first method is: monitoring the distribution condition of the surface deformation rate planeness in the aerospace monitoring subsystem, wherein the second method comprises the following steps: and monitoring the attribute information of the occurrence of the micro-seismic event and the distribution range of micro-motion background information imaging. Theoretically, the surface elevation represents the migration and diffusion range of carbon dioxide injection, while the elevation rate represents regional large fluid injection amount, the fluid migration has a detention period, and the underground pressure difference cannot ensure immediate diffusion after injection, so that the injection process is a process with dynamic time. The background noise signal and the microseismic signal respectively represent the result of the micro-motion velocity abnormal plane distribution and the result of the occurrence of the microseismic event in the ground monitoring subsystem. It should be noted that areas with relatively large short term injection rates are more susceptible to micro-seismic events.
(3) The well monitoring subsystem or underground monitoring subsystem is composed of a series of well functional detecting instruments and mainly comprises at least one of the following components: the system comprises an acoustic wave optical fiber monitoring expansion column, a pressure optical fiber monitoring expansion column, a temperature optical fiber monitoring expansion column and a regional lithology acquisition system. The in-well monitoring subsystem is used for establishing fine modeling from the earth surface to the underground target reservoir position, the acquired third parameters, the second parameters acquired by the stratum monitoring subsystem and the first parameters acquired by the sky monitoring subsystem form a three-dimensional space stratum model together, and the three-dimensional space stratum model has stratum depth, thickness, rock physical properties, current stratum pressure and ground stress state. It should be noted that, the rock collection of the stratum at different stages and different times is used in the petrophysical experiment part to obtain corresponding stratum parameters, and the corresponding stratum parameters are provided for the stratum monitoring subsystem. Furthermore, the well monitoring subsystem can also play a role in proving that parameters such as temperature and pressure, petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks (such as density, Poisson's ratio, elastic modulus and the like) have obvious changes in areas where carbon dioxide fluid passes through because a temperature and pressure monitoring and coring device is added in wells at different positions.
The display interface of the geophysical monitoring system is shown in fig. 9 in conjunction with the structure of the system. FIG. 10 illustrates the main components and objectives of the control end platform system, including: the system comprises an operating environment, a base layer for providing general services, an application layer for data analysis and a dependent layer, wherein the operating environment is a Windows system; the basic layer comprises data acquisition service, general technical service and network transmission service; the application layer comprises modules such as data management, project management, carbon dioxide sequestration monitoring data processing, information comprehensive evaluation, micro-fracture early warning and production control, the dependence layer is a system monitoring and control component and comprises various display modes and client management software, and the various display modes comprise: three-dimensional model display, plane display and section display.
The control end comprises a computer control end, and system elements of the computer control end comprise the following parts: the monitoring method comprises the following steps of CCUS engineering ground surface monitoring condition, CCUS underground micro-motion monitoring condition and monitoring distribution condition in a plurality of independent wells in a work area. The embodiment of the invention can realize independent visualization aiming at each monitored project, and achieves the purpose of monitoring and evaluating in each step. The geophysical monitoring system is provided with a part for early warning of the rupture or leakage of the carbon dioxide sequestration process, the part can be used as a monitoring and evaluation visualization part of an integral project to realize better evaluation on each subsystem in the whole system, and the geophysical monitoring system is not only used for monitoring the operation normalization of each part of an internal system, but also can be used for predicting a series of behaviors of a carbon dioxide sequestration target to be generated.
Taking early warning as an example, the embodiment of the invention performs the following analysis:
step S1, the detector used by the well monitoring subsystem and the detector used by the ground monitoring subsystem respectively sense the event signal, and the time difference of the event signal reaching the two instruments is less than 2S, so as to ensure that the micro-seismic event occurs in the monitoring range (namely the range of the target area).
Step S2, the control end may send the essential information (or called attribute information) of the microseism event to the relevant personnel, including the fracture time signal and the data waveform, so that the relevant personnel can conveniently check the essential fracture information anytime and anywhere.
And step S3, processing and interpreting data by related personnel under the condition that the signal characteristics of the micro-seismic signals meet the standard (namely the signals are clear in P wave and S wave and consistent on a plurality of detectors). The above steps S2 and S3 relate to the technical features of event signal feature identification and judgment, which may be implemented by an introduced artificial intelligence module, which is used to analyze the basic features of the signal, including phase, amplitude and frequency.
Step S4, starting a basic service automatic processing flow, extracting the basic information of the microseism event from a database, and carrying out seismic source positioning, seismic magnitude calculation, seismic source mechanism solution and permeability analysis; the permeability analysis is mainly realized based on a third parameter acquired by a well neutron system and used for guiding the next migration behavior of the fluid; the third parameter is obtained by performing petrophysical monitoring on the injection region by the well neutron system, and the permeability of the original reservoir can be changed after the carbon dioxide fluid is injected into the target region. And when the predicted magnitude is larger than a preset threshold value, an early warning is required to be sent out to guide or stop the injection work.
And step S5, judging whether the signal generated in the carbon dioxide sequestration generates damage and influence on the original sequestration structure or not by judging whether the injection range of the carbon dioxide exceeds the preset range of the reservoir.
In step S6, all real-time information can be obtained by the relevant personnel by using a mobile applet push method. Aiming at reservoir monitoring in the processes of carbon dioxide injection and sequestration, a rupture event caused by instability in the duration of gas injection and sequestration is collected and a database is established, a service layer is established through a 5G network, and the rupture event is transmitted and applied to each terminal, so that relevant personnel can conveniently acquire real-time information in a work area, and the relevant personnel can also obtain further explanation data according to requirements to guide optimization and improvement of production construction.
The whole process of the response of the rupture early warning system is shown in fig. 11, a micro seismic signal and background high-frequency noise are firstly obtained, then data processing and interpretation are carried out, further seismic source positioning, seismic magnitude calculation, seismic source mechanism solution and permeability analysis are carried out, and finally the relative position, the seismic magnitude, the radiation pattern and the occurrence time of the seismic source can be sent to a mobile phone through a 5G network so that relevant personnel can receive the signals in time.
FIG. 12 shows a satellite map version of the initial earth model, FIG. 13 shows an elevation version of the earth's surface and a partially enlarged version of the initial earth model, and FIG. 14 shows a deformation rate plan of the earth's surface. The models are displayed based on the platform system in FIG. 10, so that the embodiment of the invention can realize the visualization of various information.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide a geophysical stereo joint monitoring method for carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration, which is intended to complete real-time monitoring of the behavior of carbon dioxide injected into a formation by a full-space intuitive monitoring technique, and has the following advantages: the imaging precision is high, the capability of mutual verification is realized, early warning processing is carried out on the occurrence of stratum fracture behaviors or possible impending carbon dioxide leakage escape behaviors, and finally the effects of CCUS engineering measurement, monitoring and evaluation can be achieved.
Example 3:
the embodiment of the invention provides a geophysical monitoring device, which is mainly used for executing the geophysical monitoring method provided by the embodiment 1, and the geophysical monitoring device provided by the embodiment of the invention is specifically described below.
Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a geophysical monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 15, the geophysical monitoring apparatus mainly includes: an acquisition unit 11 and a determination unit 12, wherein:
the acquiring unit 11 is used for acquiring a first parameter acquired by the sky monitoring subsystem, a second parameter acquired by the ground monitoring subsystem and a third parameter acquired by the in-well monitoring subsystem in the process of injecting carbon dioxide into a target area and sealing up; wherein, different monitoring subsystems monitor the target area from different dimensions;
a determination unit 12 for determining a result of geophysical monitoring of the target area based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter and the third parameter.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the first parameter, the second parameter and the third parameter can be mutually proved through the functions of the acquisition unit 11 and the determination unit 12, so that the fact and the effectiveness of the acquired multiple parameters are ensured, and the accuracy of the geophysical monitoring result is finally ensured.
Optionally, the determining unit 12 includes: a first determining subunit, a second determining subunit, a third determining subunit, and a fourth determining subunit, wherein:
the first determining subunit is used for determining the earth surface deformation rate of the target area based on the first parameter; wherein, the deformation rate of the earth surface is used for reflecting the migration and diffusion behaviors of the carbon dioxide;
a second determining subunit configured to determine a velocity structure of the target region based on the second parameter and the third parameter; the speed structure body is used for representing structural change characteristics of the target area;
the third determining subunit is used for determining the micro-seismic event attribute information of the target area based on the second parameter;
and the fourth determining subunit is used for determining the earth surface deformation rate, the velocity structure or the micro-seismic event attribute information as the geophysical monitoring result of the target area.
Optionally, the first parameter comprises a surface elevation; the first determining subunit includes: a monitor calculation module and a first determination module, wherein:
the monitoring calculation module is used for monitoring the surface elevations of the target area in different periods and calculating the normalized difference of the surface elevations; wherein the different periods comprise a period of no carbon dioxide injection, a period of carbon dioxide injection and a period of carbon dioxide sequestration;
and the first determining module is used for determining the normalized difference as the earth surface deformation rate of the target area.
Optionally, the second parameter comprises a background noise signal and the third parameter comprises a formation parameter; the second determining subunit includes: a cross-correlation module and a fitting module, wherein:
the cross-correlation module is used for carrying out cross-correlation on a preset Green function and a background noise signal to obtain a cross-correlation Green function of a target area;
and the fitting module is used for fitting the cross-correlation green function into a speed structural body of the target area based on the array distribution of the ground monitoring subsystem.
Optionally, the second parameter comprises a microseismic signal; the third determining subunit includes: a positioning inversion module and an acquisition module, wherein:
the positioning inversion module is used for positioning and inverting the microseism event according to the microseism signal to obtain a seismic source position positioning result and a seismic source mechanism inversion result;
and the acquisition module is used for acquiring the micro-seismic event attribute information based on the seismic source position positioning result and the seismic source mechanism inversion result.
Optionally, the geophysical monitoring apparatus further comprises: an early warning unit, wherein:
and the early warning unit is used for transmitting the micro-seismic event attribute information to the mobile terminal through the target network when determining that the micro-seismic signal damages the target reservoir based on the micro-seismic event attribute information so as to enable the mobile terminal to perform early warning processing.
Optionally, the second determining subunit further includes: the device comprises an acquisition module, an establishment module and a second determination module, wherein:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a surface remote sensing image in the target area in the process of injecting carbon dioxide into the target area;
the establishing module is used for establishing an initial earth surface model in a mode of carrying out image processing on the earth surface remote sensing image;
and the second determination module is used for determining the array distribution of the ground monitoring subsystem based on the initial earth surface model, the depth and the range of the target area.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In an optional embodiment, the present embodiment further provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program operable on the processor, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method of the foregoing method embodiment.
In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the embodiments provided in the present embodiment, it should be understood that the disclosed method, apparatus, and system may be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and there may be other divisions when actually implemented, and for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units through some communication interfaces, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the following descriptions are only illustrative and not restrictive, and that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The geophysical monitoring method is applied to a control end and comprises the following steps:
in the process of injecting carbon dioxide into a target area and sealing up, acquiring a first parameter acquired by an aerospace monitoring subsystem, a second parameter acquired by a ground monitoring subsystem and a third parameter acquired by an in-well monitoring subsystem; wherein different monitoring subsystems monitor the target area from different dimensions;
determining a geophysical monitoring result for the target region based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.
2. The geophysical monitoring method of claim 1 wherein said determining a geophysical monitoring result for the target area based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter comprises:
determining a surface deformation rate of the target area based on the first parameter; wherein the surface deformation rate is used for reflecting the migration and diffusion behaviors of the carbon dioxide;
determining a velocity structure of the target area based on the second parameter and the third parameter; wherein the velocity structure is used to characterize structural variations characteristic of the target region;
determining microseismic event attribute information for the target area based on the second parameter;
and determining the earth surface deformation rate, the velocity structure or the micro seismic event attribute information as a geophysical monitoring result of the target area.
3. The geophysical monitoring method of claim 2 wherein the first parameter comprises a surface elevation; the determining the surface deformation rate of the target area based on the first parameter comprises:
monitoring the surface elevations of the target area in different periods, and calculating a normalized difference value of the surface elevations; wherein the different periods include a period of non-carbon dioxide injection, a period of carbon dioxide injection, and a period of carbon dioxide sequestration;
and determining the normalized difference value as the earth surface deformation rate of the target area.
4. The geophysical monitoring method of claim 2 wherein the second parameter comprises a background noise signal and the third parameter comprises a formation parameter; the determining a velocity structure of the target region based on the second parameter and the third parameter includes:
performing cross correlation on a preset Green function and the background noise signal to obtain a cross-correlation Green function of the target area;
and fitting the cross-correlation green's function to a velocity structure of the target area based on the array distribution of the ground monitoring subsystem.
5. The geophysical monitoring method of claim 1 wherein the second parameter comprises a microseismic signal; determining microseismic event attribute information for the target zone based on the second parameter, including:
positioning and inverting the microseism event according to the microseism signal to obtain a seismic source position positioning result and a seismic source mechanism inversion result;
and obtaining the micro-seismic event attribute information based on the seismic source position positioning result and the seismic source mechanism inversion result.
6. The geophysical monitoring method of claim 5, further comprising, after determining a geophysical monitoring result for the target area based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter:
and when the micro seismic signal is determined to damage a target reservoir based on the micro seismic event attribute information, transmitting the micro seismic event attribute information to a mobile terminal through a target network so as to enable the mobile terminal to perform early warning processing.
7. The geophysical monitoring method of claim 4, further comprising, prior to fitting the cross-correlation green's function to a velocity structure of the target region based on an array distribution of the surface monitoring subsystem:
collecting a surface remote sensing image in a target area in the process of injecting carbon dioxide into the target area;
establishing an initial earth surface model in a mode of carrying out image processing on the earth surface remote sensing image;
determining an array distribution of the ground monitoring subsystem based on the initial surface model, the depth and the range of the target area.
8. The utility model provides a geophysical monitoring device which characterized in that is applied to the control end, includes:
the acquiring unit is used for acquiring a first parameter acquired by the sky monitoring subsystem, a second parameter acquired by the ground monitoring subsystem and a third parameter acquired by the in-well monitoring subsystem in the process of injecting carbon dioxide into a target area and sealing up; wherein different monitoring subsystems monitor the target area from different dimensions;
a determination unit for determining a geophysical monitoring result for the target area based on at least one of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.
9. A geophysical monitoring system comprising: a control terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and a plurality of monitoring subsystems; wherein the plurality of monitoring subsystems comprise: the system comprises an air monitoring subsystem, a ground monitoring subsystem and an in-well monitoring subsystem; the multiple monitoring subsystems monitor the target area from different dimensions.
10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.
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