CN114560641A - Method for preparing gravel - Google Patents
Method for preparing gravel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114560641A CN114560641A CN202210143471.2A CN202210143471A CN114560641A CN 114560641 A CN114560641 A CN 114560641A CN 202210143471 A CN202210143471 A CN 202210143471A CN 114560641 A CN114560641 A CN 114560641A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/04—Heat treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing gravel, which comprises the following steps: crushing the raw material stones or directly screening and grading the raw material stones to obtain particles with the particle size range of 4-90mm, further grading the particles according to the particle size requirements of the gravels, and roasting the graded particles according to different heat values to obtain the gravels. The method of the invention does not need the processes of mixing, grinding, granulating, drying and the like in the existing ceramsite preparation process, thereby greatly saving investment and reducing cost; in particular, the grinding energy consumption is avoided, and the water consumption and the drying energy consumption of 8-15% in the granulation process are avoided. The invention is suitable for the fields of solid waste energy-saving low-carbon utilization of coal gangue, oil shale, oil-containing rock debris and the like and gravel preparation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of solid waste resource utilization, energy conservation and emission reduction and gravel preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing gravel by utilizing solid waste.
Background
The existing technology for preparing ceramsite or sandstone materials by utilizing solid wastes is based on raw material grinding and granulating processes. The raw materials are generally subjected to the processes of proportioning, grinding, adding water for granulation, drying, firing and the like. In the processes, raw materials with better plasticity are required to be added in the raw material proportioning process, and the raw materials are fully ground to a certain fineness so as to ensure the strength of the granulation particles; meanwhile, 8-15% of water is added in the granulation process of the granules, so that drying is needed in the subsequent firing process; the drying process also requires a slow rate of temperature rise and dehydration in order to prevent the particles from bursting. This not only consumes a lot of energy, but also limits the pace of product production. The method has the advantages of reducing process links, improving production rhythm and reducing energy consumption, and is the key of the technology for preparing the ceramsite by utilizing solid wastes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing a method for preparing gravels, which directly screens qualified particle diameters of partial raw materials of which the particle diameters meet the standards of gravels or ceramsite by utilizing the particle characteristics of the raw materials and roasting the qualified particle diameters, can reduce grinding and granulating links and obtain gravels with different shapes and edges, thereby realizing the efficient, economical, energy-saving and low-carbon utilization of solid waste raw materials containing clay minerals.
The inventor researches for a long time to find that the solid waste raw materials containing clay minerals, such as coal gangue, gasified slag, fluidized bed ash, shale, oil shale, muck, rock debris, oil-containing rock debris or tailings and the like, can be independently calcined to form strength without adding any other auxiliary materials. Meanwhile, the granulated ceramsite is mostly circular in shape, which is not favorable for its performance in concrete.
The inventor also finds that if the raw materials do not undergo a granulation process, the water content of the raw materials is low, particularly the free water content is low, and the strength of the granules is high, so that the raw materials can be rapidly heated without a drying process, and the raw materials can directly enter a waste heat or ignition combustion stage, and the granules do not have the problems of bursting and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of making gravel, the method comprising:
crushing the raw material stone or directly screening the raw material stone to obtain raw material stone particles with the particle size range of 4-90 mm; and then, carrying out secondary screening on the raw material stone particles according to different heat values, and roasting the raw material stone particles with different heat values by adopting sectional roasting to obtain the gravel.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the staged firing includes:
classifying the raw material stone particles with the heat value not more than 300kcal/kg according to the requirement of the sand particle size, and putting the classified raw material stone particles into a kiln for firing in batches;
the firing conditions are as follows: feeding the classified single-size-fraction particles into a preheating zone of a kiln for material distribution, preheating to 300-700 ℃ in the preheating zone, feeding into a roasting zone, roasting at 700-1180 ℃ for 15-120min, and cooling to 70-150 ℃ to obtain a gravel product;
the kiln used for roasting is selected from a rotary kiln, a roasting kiln, a sintering kiln or a belt type roasting machine which does not need a drying process section.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the staged firing includes:
classifying the raw material stone particles with the heat value higher than or equal to 300kcal/kg and lower than 500kcal according to the sand particle size requirement, and feeding the classified raw material stone particles into a kiln in batches for firing;
the firing conditions are as follows: feeding the classified single-size-fraction particles into a kiln ignition area for distribution, wherein the ignition temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, then feeding the ignited raw material stone particles into a decarburization area, wherein the decarburization temperature is 700-1000 ℃, the decarburization time is 20-120 min, feeding the decarburized raw material stone particles into a roasting area, roasting the decarburized raw material stone particles for 10-60 min at 950-1150 ℃, and then cooling the decarburized raw material stone particles to 70-150 ℃ to obtain a gravel product;
the kiln used for roasting is selected from a roasting kiln, a sintering kiln or a belt type roasting machine which does not need a drying process section and is additionally provided with an ignition section.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the staged firing includes:
classifying the raw material stone with the heat value higher than or equal to 500kcal/kg according to the requirement of the sand grain size, and putting the classified raw material stone particles into a kiln for firing in batches;
the firing conditions are as follows: feeding the classified single-size-fraction particles into a kiln ignition region for material distribution, wherein the ignition temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, then feeding the ignited raw material stone particles into a decarburization region, the decarburization temperature is 700-950 ℃, feeding the decarburized raw material stone particles into a calcination region, roasting the decarburized raw material stone particles for 10-60 min at 950-1150 ℃, and then cooling the decarburized raw material stone particles to 70-150 ℃;
preferably, in the decarburization process, the surplus heat in the decarburization area is extracted through air draft for waste heat output utilization, and the decarburization temperature of the raw material stone is controlled to be lower than 950 ℃;
the kiln used for roasting is a roasting kiln, a sintering kiln or a belt type roasting machine which does not need a drying process section and is additionally provided with an ignition section, and residual heat and smoke gas output exists in the decarbonization stage of 700-950 ℃.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: the decarburized raw stone particles enter a roasting area and are then cooled to 70-150 ℃;
the roasting area adopts low-temperature air to carry out heat preservation and temperature reduction on the raw material stone without continuously heating, and high-temperature smoke at 950-plus-1150 ℃ formed by fuel combustion is not needed.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the mass content of the silicon oxide in the raw material stone is 40-70%, and the mass content of the aluminum oxide in the raw material stone is 12-30%;
preferably, the mass content of the silicon oxide in the raw material stone is 53-65%, and the mass content of the aluminum oxide in the raw material stone is 17-25%.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the raw material stone includes one or more of coal gangue, gasified slag, fluidized bed ash, shale, oil shale, muck, rock debris, oil-bearing rock debris, and tailings.
The technical scheme provided by the invention at least brings the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention does not need the processes of mixing, grinding, granulating, drying and the like in the existing ceramsite preparation process, thereby greatly saving investment and reducing cost; particularly, the grinding energy consumption is avoided, and the water consumption and the drying energy consumption of 8-15% in the granulation process are avoided;
2) the gravel prepared by the method has the water chestnuts with different shapes, the performance of the gravel ceramsite is improved, the influence on the application performance of the gravel ceramsite in concrete caused by smooth surface in the granulation process is avoided, and the prepared gravel is closer to natural gravel, so that the performance of the concrete is ensured;
3) according to the method, the gravels are directly conveyed into a preheating section or an ignition combustion section for rapid heating in the roasting process according to the classification of the heat value of solid waste raw material particles, so that the preparation time is greatly shortened, and the production rhythm is accelerated; the waste heat of the flue gas can be further output and utilized for the heat originally used in the drying section or the abundant heat formed by roasting the high-heat-value raw materials, so that more energy conservation and emission reduction are realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process scheme of a method for preparing gravel according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below.
Example 1
The method for preparing the gravel comprises the following specific steps:
crushing, screening and grading the coal gangue raw material stone to obtain particles with the particle size ranges of 10-30mm, 30-50mm and 50-70 mm. The calorific value of the coal gangue raw material stones is 478 kcal/kg. And (3) feeding the 50-70mm particles into a middle bin of a solid waste roasting kiln, and then distributing and feeding the particles into a kiln car. The kiln car and the raw material stone sequentially pass through an ignition region, the ignition temperature is 1100 ℃, the ignited raw material stone enters a decarburization region, the outlet temperature of the decarburization region is 930 ℃, the decarburization time is 30min, the raw material stone enters a roasting region after decarburization, roasting is carried out for 15min at 1050 ℃, and then the raw material stone is cooled to 85 ℃ and discharged. The prepared gravel has the cylinder pressure strength of 7.6MPa, meets the requirements of the national standard (GB/T17431.1-2010) for light aggregates, and has the cylinder pressure strength not lower than 5.0 MPa.
Example 2
The method for preparing the gravel comprises the following specific steps:
crushing, screening and grading the coal gangue raw material stone to obtain particles with the particle size range of 10-30mm and 30-50 mm. The calorific value of the coal gangue raw material stones is 880 kcal/kg. And (3) feeding the 10-30mm particles into a middle bin of a solid waste roasting kiln, and then distributing and feeding the particles into a kiln car. The kiln car and the raw material stone sequentially pass through an ignition region, the ignition temperature is 1100 ℃, the ignited raw material stone enters a decarburization region, the outlet temperature of the decarburization region is 950 ℃, the decarburization time is 40min, the raw material stone enters a roasting region after decarburization and is roasted for 10min at 1050 ℃, and then the raw material stone is cooled to 85 ℃ and discharged; meanwhile, the temperature of the flue gas extracted from the decarburization area is 500-700 ℃, and the flue gas is used for outputting and utilizing waste heat. The prepared gravel has the cylinder pressure strength of 6.6MPa, meets the requirements of the national standard (GB/T17431.1-2010) for light aggregates, and has the cylinder pressure strength not lower than 5.0 MPa.
Example 3
Crushing, screening and grading the coal gangue raw material stone to obtain particles with the particle size ranges of 10-30mm, 30-50mm and 50-70 mm. The calorific value of the coal gangue raw material stone is 280 kcal/kg. And (3) feeding the particles with the particle size of 30-50mm into a middle bin of a solid waste roasting kiln, and then distributing and feeding the particles into a kiln car. The kiln car and the raw material stone sequentially pass through a preheating zone, are preheated to 300-700 ℃, enter a roasting zone, are roasted for 40min at 1100 ℃, and are cooled to 70-150 ℃. The prepared gravel has the cylinder pressure strength of 6.9MPa, meets the requirements of the national standard (GB/T17431.1-2010) for light aggregates, and has the cylinder pressure strength not lower than 5.0 MPa.
Example 4
The method for preparing the gravel comprises the following specific steps:
crushing, screening and grading the coal gangue raw material stone to obtain particles with the particle size range of 10-20mm and 20-40 mm. The calorific value of the coal gangue raw material stone is 480 kcal/kg. And (3) feeding the particles with the particle size of 20-40mm into a middle bin of a solid waste roasting kiln, and then distributing and feeding the particles into a kiln car. The kiln car and the raw material stone sequentially pass through an ignition region, the ignition temperature is 1100 ℃, the ignited raw material stone enters a decarburization region, the outlet temperature of the decarburization region is 930 ℃, the decarburization time is 30min, the decarburized raw material stone enters a roasting region for heat preservation and continuous decarburization for 15min, the temperature rise is not required to be carried out by high-temperature roasting, and then the raw material stone is cooled to 85 ℃ and discharged. The prepared gravel has the cylinder pressure strength of 5.3MPa, meets the requirements of the national standard (GB/T17431.1-2010) for light aggregates, and has the cylinder pressure strength not lower than 5.0 MPa.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of producing gravel, the method comprising:
crushing the raw material stone or directly screening the raw material stone to obtain raw material stone particles with the particle size range of 4-90 mm; and then, carrying out secondary screening on the raw material stone particles according to different heat values, and roasting the raw material stone particles with different heat values by adopting sectional roasting to obtain the gravel.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the staged firing comprises:
classifying the raw material stone particles with the heat value not more than 300kcal/kg according to the requirement of the sand particle size, and putting the classified raw material stone particles into a kiln for firing in batches;
the firing conditions are as follows: feeding the classified single-size-fraction particles into a preheating zone of a kiln for material distribution, preheating to 300-700 ℃ in the preheating zone, feeding into a roasting zone, roasting at 700-1180 ℃ for 15-120min, and cooling to 70-150 ℃ to obtain a gravel product;
the kiln used for roasting is selected from a rotary kiln, a roasting kiln, a sintering kiln or a belt type roasting machine which does not need a drying process section.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the staged firing comprises:
classifying the raw material stone particles with the heat value higher than or equal to 300kcal/kg and lower than 500kcal according to the sand particle size requirement, and feeding the classified raw material stone particles into a kiln in batches for firing;
the firing conditions are as follows: feeding the classified single-size-fraction particles into a kiln ignition area for distribution, wherein the ignition temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, then feeding the ignited raw material stone particles into a decarbonization area, the decarbonization temperature is 700-1000 ℃, the decarbonization time is 20-120 min, feeding the decarbonized raw material stone particles into a roasting area, roasting the roasted raw material stone particles for 10-60 min at 950-1150 ℃, and then cooling the roasted raw material stone particles to 70-150 ℃ to obtain a gravel product;
the kiln used for roasting is selected from a roasting kiln, a sintering kiln or a belt type roasting machine which does not need a drying process section and is additionally provided with an ignition section.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the staged firing comprises:
classifying the raw material stone with the heat value higher than or equal to 500kcal/kg according to the requirement of the sand grain size, and putting the classified raw material stone particles into a kiln for firing in batches;
the firing conditions are as follows: feeding the classified single-size-fraction particles into a kiln ignition region for material distribution, wherein the ignition temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, then feeding the ignited raw material stone particles into a decarburization region, the decarburization temperature is 700-950 ℃, feeding the decarburized raw material stone particles into a calcination region, roasting the decarburized raw material stone particles for 10-60 min at 950-1150 ℃, and then cooling the decarburized raw material stone particles to 70-150 ℃;
preferably, in the decarburization process, the surplus heat in the decarburization area is extracted through air draft for waste heat output utilization, and the decarburization temperature of the raw material stone is controlled to be lower than 950 ℃;
the kiln used for roasting is a roasting kiln, a sintering kiln or a belt type roasting machine which does not need a drying process section and is additionally provided with an ignition section, and residual heat and smoke gas output exists in the decarbonization stage of 700-950 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the method further comprises: feeding the decarburized raw stone particles into a roasting area, and then cooling to 70-150 ℃;
the roasting area adopts low-temperature air to carry out heat preservation and temperature reduction on the raw material stone without continuously heating, and high-temperature smoke at 950-plus-1150 ℃ formed by fuel combustion is not needed.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the raw material stone contains 40-70% by mass of silica and 12-30% by mass of alumina;
preferably, the mass content of the silicon oxide in the raw material stone is 53-65%, and the mass content of the aluminum oxide in the raw material stone is 17-25%.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the raw material rock comprises one or more of coal gangue, gasified slag, fluidized bed ash, shale, oil shale, muck, rock debris, oil bearing rock debris, and tailings.
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| CN202210143471.2A CN114560641B (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2022-02-16 | Method for preparing gravel |
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