CN114559160A - In-situ detection method for gas holes in laser-arc composite non-penetration welding - Google Patents
In-situ detection method for gas holes in laser-arc composite non-penetration welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN114559160A CN114559160A CN202210228562.6A CN202210228562A CN114559160A CN 114559160 A CN114559160 A CN 114559160A CN 202210228562 A CN202210228562 A CN 202210228562A CN 114559160 A CN114559160 A CN 114559160A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001883 metal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
An in-situ detection method for a gas hole in laser-arc composite non-penetration welding belongs to the technical field of welding process monitoring. The measuring system consists of a laser-electric arc hybrid welding system, a characteristic signal acquisition system and a signal processing system. During composite welding, laser beams in the deep-melting small holes directly act on the front walls of the small holes, and when the small holes collapse to form air holes due to impact of laser-induced steam spurts in the holes, the steam sprayed out of the small holes is minimum. The data acquisition system acquires that the light intensity of the characteristic line spectrum is weakest, and the signal processing system judges that the position is an air hole. The invention provides a new way for the in-situ detection of the air holes in the laser-electric arc composite non-penetrating welding. The method combines the photoelectric detector and the narrow-band filter to selectively extract the characteristic line spectrum in the welding process and improve the reliability of online identification of the composite welding air holes through signal processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding process monitoring, and particularly relates to an in-situ detection method for a gas hole in laser-arc composite non-penetrating welding.
Background
The laser is a new light source appearing in the early 60 s of the 20 th century, and has the excellent characteristics of high brightness, high directivity, high monochromaticity, high coherence and the like. The laser is used as a welding heat source, and has the unique advantages of large depth-to-width ratio of a welding line, small heat affected zone, small thermal deformation, easy control of the shape of the heat source, good flexibility and the like. In consideration of the specificity of the application of the laser welding technology in industrial manufacturing, the highly integrated laser heat source technology becomes the welding technology with the most application prospect in the field of laser welding.
Because the laser has the characteristic of high energy density, the laser welding process is unstable, the problems of air holes, splashing, hump effect, poor weld surface formation and the like are easily caused, and the gap adaptability is poor. The laser-electric arc hybrid welding method integrates the advantages of laser and electric arc, has the characteristics of high speed, high efficiency, low heat input, good coupling property of electric arc welding and the like of laser welding, inhibits the generation of welding defects to a certain extent, expands the application range of laser welding, and attracts people's wide attention.
Laser-arc hybrid welding is a complex process involving pool flow, metal evaporation, and laser-arc energy coupling. In the welding process, the base material absorbs energy to form molten metal, the molten metal continuously absorbs laser energy to generate metal evaporation, and then a keyhole is formed at the laser action position. The unstable state of the laser-arc hybrid welding process is mainly caused by the equilibrium in the keyhole, the irregular flow of the molten metal in the molten pool, and the unstable state of the metal vapor. And the defects of weld joint depression, air holes and the like exist. The existence of the air holes can damage the compactness of weld metal, weaken the effective working section of the weld and seriously damage the obdurability of the joint. And because the air holes exist in the welding seam, the air holes are difficult to visually observe through eyes, tools such as X rays, ultrasonic waves and the like are usually needed, and the detection difficulty is obviously increased.
In laser-arc hybrid welding, metal plasma is enriched and laser induced over the hole. The metal plasma is formed by ionizing metal steam sprayed in the holes under the action of the arc plasma. Unstable closing of the aperture will tend to affect the amount of metal plasma. According to the fact that the characteristic line spectrums of the metal plasma and the arc plasma are different in located area, the invention provides an in-situ detection method of a laser-arc composite non-penetration welding air hole based on the characteristic line spectrums of the metal plasma. And determining the strength of metal steam sprayed in the hole by using the characteristic line spectrum of metal radiation, and identifying whether the deep-melting small hole collapses or not according to the strength, so that whether the air hole exists at the position in the welding line or not is determined.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ detection method for gas holes in laser-arc composite non-penetration welding, aiming at solving the problems that the gas holes are difficult to monitor and monitoring equipment is expensive in the existing laser-arc composite welding process, and the like, so as to overcome the defects. The method is characterized in that: the in-situ measurement system consists of a laser-electric arc hybrid welding system, a characteristic signal acquisition system and a signal processing system. During composite welding, the laser beam in the deep melting small hole directly acts on the front wall of the small hole, and when the laser-induced steam in the hole spurts to impact the wall of the small hole to collapse the small hole and form the air hole, the steam sprayed out of the small hole is reduced to 4/5 when no air hole is formed in the welding seam under the welding parameters; the metal plasma enrichment and the small orifice fall off at this time. The characteristic line spectrum intensity of the metal plasma radiation acquired by the data acquisition system is the minimum intensity measured under the welding parameters, and the signal processing system judges that the characteristic line spectrum intensity is the air hole.
The in-situ detection method for the air holes in the laser arc-composite non-penetrating welding is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a laser fiber laser, a disc laser, a semiconductor laser, a green laser, a blue laser, or an Nd-YAG laser; the electric arc is non-consumable electrode electric arc (TIG electric arc or plasma arc) or consumable electrode electric arc (MIG or MAG); the arc power supply is a direct current or alternating current or pulse or polarity-variable power supply; the hybrid welding method can additionally add filler wires; the compounding mode uses paraxial compounding or coaxial compounding.
The in-situ detection method for the air holes in the laser-electric arc composite non-penetrating welding is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the acquisition frequency of the characteristic signal acquisition system is 500 Hz-20000 Hz; the range of the collected characteristic line spectrum is 100 nm-700 nm; and a narrow-band filter plate is used for filtering the welding characteristic line spectrum, a biconvex mirror is used for gathering the welding characteristic line spectrum, and the focal length of the biconvex mirror is larger than 50mm, and a silicon photoelectric detector is used for collecting the welding characteristic line spectrum. The acquisition area is positioned above the laser-induced small hole and is 10mm away from the plate surface.
The in-situ detection method for the air holes in the laser-electric arc composite non-penetrating welding is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the signal processing system is internally integrated with an A/D conversion circuit, an amplifying circuit and a low-pass filter. The operational amplifier used by the A/D conversion circuit is LMP7721, the bias current of the operational amplifier reaches 20fA, the open loop gain is 120dB, and the bandwidth is 17 MHz. The amplifying circuit uses two-stage amplification, and the amplification factor is 103～109Is adjustable. The low pass filter used OPA189 with an offset voltage of 0.4 μ V and a quality factor of 0.707.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention relates to an in-situ measurement method for pores in a laser-arc hybrid welding process. On one hand, compared with the existing detection mode of the welding air holes, the silicon photoelectric detector with high response speed is used, the response time of the whole system is prolonged, the detection error is reduced, and the occurrence positions of the welding air holes can be reflected more accurately. On the other hand, the invention uses a modular design and can be well combined with the existing welding system. In addition, the invention uses the single chip microcomputer for control, the system has simple structure, small integral size, low cost and convenient adjustment, and the electromagnetic interference in the composite welding process is reduced by using the filter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a process of forming small-hole type pores;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a deep melting small hole, 2, a laser beam, 3, a molten pool, 4, laser-induced steam, 5, a bubble, 6, an air hole, 7, a laser-electric arc composite welding system, 8, a characteristic signal acquisition system and 9, a signal processing system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention uses an IPG YLS 6kW fiber laser and a YC-315TX dc TIG welder for hybrid welding. When laser-arc hybrid welding is started, a weld pool 3 is formed on the surface of the workpiece. Under the action of the laser beam 2, a deep melting small hole 1 is formed on the workpiece, and the laser beam 2 acts on the front wall of the deep melting small hole 1. Along with the movement of the workpiece, when the center of a light spot is positioned at the bottom of the deep melting small hole 1, laser steam 4 on the surface of the front wall of the small hole is sprayed and impacts the rear wall of the small hole to form a bubble 5, and an air hole 6 is formed in the workpiece along with the continuous welding.
The laser-arc hybrid welding system 7 uses an industrial personal computer to control a laser, an arc welder and a motion system to perform hybrid welding. After welding starts, the inside of the characteristic signal acquisition system 8 uses a narrow-band filter to carry out selective band-pass filtering on the welding characteristic line spectrum to obtain band-pass signals, and then uses a biconvex mirror to couple the band-pass signals into a silicon photoelectric sensor to finish the acquisition of the characteristic signals. The signal processing system 9 uses a trans-group amplifier with an open-loop gain of 120dB and a bandwidth of 17MHz to perform A/D conversion on the acquired characteristic signals, then uses a two-stage amplifying circuit to amplify the converted signals, and inputs the signals to the singlechip after passing through a low-pass filter with a quality factor of 0.707. When the welding seam has air holes inside, the signal processing system 9 outputs the air holes on the display, otherwise, the output is normal.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. An in-situ detection method for pores in laser-arc composite non-penetration welding is characterized in that: the in-situ measurement system consists of a laser-electric arc composite welding system, a characteristic signal acquisition system and a signal processing system; during composite welding, the laser beam in the deep melting small hole directly acts on the front wall of the small hole, and when the laser-induced steam in the hole spurts to impact the wall of the small hole to collapse the small hole and form the air hole, the steam sprayed out of the small hole is reduced to 4/5 when no air hole is formed in the welding seam under the welding parameters; the metal plasma enriched with the small orifice is synchronously descended at the moment; the characteristic line spectrum intensity of the metal plasma radiation acquired by the data acquisition system is the minimum intensity measured under the welding parameters, and the signal processing system judges that the characteristic line spectrum intensity is the air hole.
2. The method for in-situ detection of gas holes in laser-arc hybrid non-penetrating welding as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the laser type is a fiber laser, a disc laser, a semiconductor laser, a green laser, a blue laser or an Nd-YAG laser; the type of the electric arc used is TIG electric arc, MIG electric arc or plasma arc; the laser beam and the electric arc adopt a paraxial compounding or coaxial compounding mode.
3. The method for in-situ detection of gas holes in laser-arc hybrid non-penetrating welding as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the acquisition frequency of the characteristic signal acquisition system is 500 Hz-20000 Hz; the range of the collected characteristic line spectrum is 100 nm-700 nm; the acquisition area is positioned above the laser-induced small hole and is 10mm away from the plate surface.
4. The method for in-situ detection of gas holes in laser-arc hybrid non-penetrating welds of claim 1, wherein: the signal processing system is internally integrated with an A/D conversion circuit, an amplifying circuit and a low-pass filter; the A/D conversion circuit uses a trans-impedance amplifier, and the amplifying circuit uses two-stage amplification.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210228562.6A CN114559160A (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | In-situ detection method for gas holes in laser-arc composite non-penetration welding |
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| CN202210228562.6A CN114559160A (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | In-situ detection method for gas holes in laser-arc composite non-penetration welding |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000042769A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-15 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Device and method of monitoring laser welding condition |
| CN101081459A (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2007-12-05 | 华中科技大学 | Real time monitoring device of the three-dimensional laser beam welding and incising process |
| KR20110075639A (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-06 | 주식회사 성우하이텍 | Laser welding monitoring system and method thereof |
| CN203197472U (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-09-18 | 华中科技大学 | Oscillatory scanning laser beam-electric arc hybrid welding system |
| CN103464906A (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2013-12-25 | 机械科学研究院哈尔滨焊接研究所 | Online detection method for laser welding quality |
| CN103499579A (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2014-01-08 | 机械科学研究院哈尔滨焊接研究所 | Quick non-destructive detection method for laser welding quality |
| CN109877455A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2019-06-14 | 江苏曜曜机械科技有限公司 | A kind of method of quality control of laser welding process |
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2022
- 2022-03-08 CN CN202210228562.6A patent/CN114559160A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000042769A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-15 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Device and method of monitoring laser welding condition |
| CN101081459A (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2007-12-05 | 华中科技大学 | Real time monitoring device of the three-dimensional laser beam welding and incising process |
| KR20110075639A (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-06 | 주식회사 성우하이텍 | Laser welding monitoring system and method thereof |
| CN203197472U (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-09-18 | 华中科技大学 | Oscillatory scanning laser beam-electric arc hybrid welding system |
| CN103464906A (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2013-12-25 | 机械科学研究院哈尔滨焊接研究所 | Online detection method for laser welding quality |
| CN103499579A (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2014-01-08 | 机械科学研究院哈尔滨焊接研究所 | Quick non-destructive detection method for laser welding quality |
| CN109877455A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2019-06-14 | 江苏曜曜机械科技有限公司 | A kind of method of quality control of laser welding process |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 胡艳萍: ""铝合金激光—电弧复合焊接缺陷光谱诊断研究"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅰ辑》, no. 7, pages 022 - 298 * |
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