CN114545524A - Water surface evaporator for lakes and rivers - Google Patents

Water surface evaporator for lakes and rivers Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114545524A
CN114545524A CN202210173298.0A CN202210173298A CN114545524A CN 114545524 A CN114545524 A CN 114545524A CN 202210173298 A CN202210173298 A CN 202210173298A CN 114545524 A CN114545524 A CN 114545524A
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swing arm
evaporating dish
control loop
crankshaft
water surface
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CN114545524B (en
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孙怀卫
汪楷勋
阳勇
刘颉
孙勋来
王锐毅
杜世雄
鲁梦格
赵冰茜
蔺子琪
谢恩
徐鑫
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C13/00—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a water surface evaporator for lakes and rivers, and belongs to the field of water surface evaporation measurement. The method comprises the following steps: the plurality of swing arms are symmetrically fixed on the floating mat around the gravity center of the evaporation pan and keep a certain distance from the evaporation pan; the swing arm is hinged with the crankshaft and used for supporting the evaporating dish when the inclination angle of the evaporating dish exceeds a set threshold value; the plurality of balancing weights are positioned at each corner of the lower surface of the floating raft and connected with the lifting ropes; one end of the crankshaft is connected with the swing arm, and the other end of the crankshaft is connected with the swing arm control loop; one end of the lifting rope is connected with the balancing weight, and the other end of the lifting rope is connected with the balancing weight control loop; the controller is used for calculating the inclination angle of the evaporation pan, and if the inclination angle of the evaporation pan exceeds a set threshold value, the controller is communicated with the swing arm control loop and is disconnected with the counterweight block control loop; and if the weight is not over the set threshold value, the balancing weight control loop is communicated, and the swing arm control loop is disconnected. The invention ensures that the evaporator maintains a stable posture through the matching of the swing arm and the balancing weight, and ensures that the evaporator can also keep stable monitoring on the water surface with larger waves.

Description

Water surface evaporator for lakes and rivers
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water surface evaporation measurement, and particularly relates to a water surface evaporator for lakes and rivers.
Background
Evaporation is a component of surface heat balance and water balance, and is also the most directly affected by land use and climate change in water circulation, and meanwhile, evaporation is also an important factor for heat exchange. Therefore, the evaporation capacity has important application value in the aspects of estimating land evaporation, crop water demand, crop water balance and the like.
The current evaporation measurement research is more perfect in land measurement, but the water surface evaporation measurement equipment is not many. CN213780405U can measure whether rainfall exists or not, and can shield the evaporator to avoid rainwater interference during rainfall; CN2275229Y can realize automatic water replenishing after the water amount of the evaporator is reduced; some devices are dedicated to solving the problem of coefficient conversion between an evaporator and an evaporation area with a larger water area, and provide multi-scale and multi-dimensional measurement to calibrate coefficients, such as CN 214201810U; in order to solve the problems that the existing automatic monitoring device is only partially automated and still needs partial manual observation, a spontaneous monitoring device for the whole process of water surface evaporation is provided; a few devices can analyze the trend of water level change in a short time to judge weather (such as CN103760623B), and wait for the next time period to measure and analyze again.
However, the existing patent does not take countermeasures for continuous monitoring under non-steady conditions, such as that the evaporation amount is not measured in the CN103760623B stormy weather, which results in that the collected data is lost.
In addition, the water surface evaporator has higher requirements on measurement accuracy, so the stability of the evaporator is particularly important. To floating the evaporimeter on lake or reservoir surface of water, often can receive strong wind, the wave influence that boats and ships process arouses, lead to the evaporimeter to topple over the water yield, perhaps external water gets into the evaporimeter, and whatever kind of condition all produces serious interference to surface of water evaporation measurement for measurement accuracy descends. Therefore, a water surface evaporator capable of keeping stable in response to the influence of waves is becoming important for each of the local hydrological stations and the meteorological departments.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a water surface evaporator for lakes and rivers, aiming at responding when the inclined posture of the evaporator is influenced by waves and reaches a threshold value, and the evaporator is maintained in a stable posture through a swing arm and a balancing weight, so that the evaporator can be stably monitored on the water surface with larger waves, unnecessary water quantity change of the evaporator caused by waves is avoided, and the water surface evaporation measurement precision under the influence of the waves of the lakes and rivers is improved.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water surface evaporator for lake and river comprising: evaporating dish, hyetometer, overflow meter and floating row, the surface of water evaporimeter still includes: the lifting device comprises a plurality of swing arms, a plurality of balancing weights, a crankshaft, a lifting rope and an integrated circuit board;
the integrated circuit board includes: a swing arm control loop, a counterweight block control loop and a controller;
the swing arms are fixed on the upper surface of the floating mat around the evaporation pan and keep a certain distance from the evaporation pan; the swing arm is hinged with the crankshaft and used for supporting the evaporating dish when the inclination angle of the evaporating dish exceeds a set threshold value;
the plurality of balancing weights are positioned at each corner of the lower surface of the floating raft and are connected with the lifting rope;
the crankshaft, the lifting rope and the integrated circuit board are packaged in the floating row hollow cavity;
one end of the crankshaft is connected with the swing arm, and the other end of the crankshaft is connected with the swing arm control loop;
one end of the lifting rope is connected with the balancing weight, and the other end of the lifting rope is connected with the balancing weight control loop;
the controller is used for calculating the inclination angle of the evaporation pan, and if the inclination angle of the evaporation pan exceeds a set threshold value, the controller is communicated with the swing arm control loop and is disconnected with the counterweight block control loop; if the inclination angle of the evaporating dish does not exceed the set threshold value, the balancing weight control loop is communicated, and the swing arm control loop is disconnected.
Preferably, the periphery of the lower surface of the floating mat is provided with arc sheets, and small holes are dug in the arc sheets.
Has the advantages that: the preferred structure provides a certain amount of breaking and reducing action on waves.
Preferably, the tilt angle threshold θ0Calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003519383030000031
wherein HmaxThe maximum liquid level height of the evaporating dish, R is the radius of the evaporating dish, and H is the height of the evaporating dish.
Preferably, the maximum distance s between the swing arm and the evaporating dish0Calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003519383030000032
constraint conditions are as follows: l is not less than 0.5H and 0<s≤s0
Wherein s is the horizontal distance between the swing arm and the evaporating dish, and theta0For the tilt threshold, l is the swing arm height and H is the evaporation pan height.
Has the advantages that: when the swing arm can not swing when the circuit is damaged, the preferable distance can ensure that the swing arm is close enough to the evaporating dish when not working, thereby preventing too much inclination.
Preferably, the swing arm is connected with the floating bar through a hinged support and is symmetrically arranged by taking the gravity center of the evaporating dish as a geometric center.
Preferably, the controller controls each swing arm by: the four swing arms work independently;
when the evaporating dish inclines, only two swing arms in the inclining direction of the evaporating dish are started, the swing arms are driven to rotate through the crankshaft, and the rotating angle of the swing arms is larger than that of the evaporating dish
Figure BDA0003519383030000033
Calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003519383030000034
wherein l is the height of the swing arm,
Figure BDA0003519383030000035
is the included angle between the swing arm and the vertical direction, and theta is an inclined angle.
Has the advantages that: when the evaporating dish inclines, the swing arm which deviates from the inclination direction does not work, and the evaporating dish is prevented from being pushed to continuously incline.
Preferably, the weight of the weight stack is selected to be the maximum weight without exceeding the maximum buoyancy to which the device is subjected.
Generally, by the above technical solution conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
according to the invention, through the matching of the swing arm and the balancing weight, when the inclination posture of the evaporator is influenced by waves and reaches a threshold value, the swing arm in the inclination direction of the evaporation pan is started to hold the evaporation pan; the balancing weight descends, so that the evaporator can be stably monitored on the water surface with large waves, unnecessary water quantity change caused by the waves of the evaporator is avoided, and the water surface evaporation measurement precision under the influence of the waves is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a surface evaporator for a lake river according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a water surface evaporator for a lake river provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a water surface evaporator for lake rivers provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a water surface evaporator for a lake river according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the operation of the water surface evaporator for lake and river provided by the present invention;
the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
evaporating dish 1, swing arm 2, dig hole circular arc piece 3, balancing weight 4, row 5 floats, integrated circuit board 6, hyetometer 7, overflow hole 8, overflow collection device shell 9, overflow water collecting vessel 10, rope 11 that takes off and land, pressure sensor 12, water pump 13, solar panel 14.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides a water surface evaporator for lake and river, comprising: evaporating dish, hyetometer, overflow meter and floating row, the surface of water evaporimeter still includes: the lifting device comprises a plurality of swing arms, a plurality of balancing weights, a crankshaft, a lifting rope and an integrated circuit board; the integrated circuit board includes: swing arm control circuit, balancing weight control circuit and controller.
The evaporating dish adopts iron evaporating dish, and to the surface of water evaporimeter, the iron material is cheaper than the copper material, and iron material is higher than inferior gram force material heat conductivity simultaneously, can carry out the heat exchange with the water in the evaporating dish fast, and iron evaporatesEvaporation capacity of dish and potential evaporation capacity of water surface E0The fit is best.
And the wall of the evaporation dish is provided with an overflow hole, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the evaporation dish. The pressure sensor is provided with a host machine which takes a single chip microcomputer as a core, the host machine is connected with the inclination monitoring device, programs for judging pressure and calculating water level are written in the single chip microcomputer, and the horizontal water level when the evaporation pan is not inclined can be calculated according to the inclination posture, so that the water quantity in the evaporation pan is judged. The pressure sensor is connected with the water pump. The water pump is connected with the evaporating dish through a water inlet pipeline.
The overflow meter comprises: an overflow water collecting barrel and an outer box. The overflow water collecting barrel is provided with scales for reading and is connected with the overflow hole on the evaporating dish through a pipeline. The outer box completely seals the pipeline and the overflow water collecting barrel to avoid interference.
The rain gauge is a tipping bucket type self-recording rain gauge.
The floating mat, a plurality of swing arms, a plurality of balancing weights, a crankshaft, a lifting rope, a swing arm control loop, a balancing weight control loop and a controller (integrated circuit board) form a base part.
The floating raft is made of light waterproof materials, circular arc sheets are arranged on the periphery of the floating raft, and small holes are dug in the circular arc sheets to play a certain role in breaking and reducing waves.
The solar battery supplies power to ensure the long-time normal work of the water surface evaporator.
The swing arms are symmetrically fixed on the upper surface of the floating mat around the gravity center of the evaporation pan and keep a certain distance from the evaporation pan; the swing arm is hinged with the crankshaft and used for supporting the evaporating dish when the inclination angle of the evaporating dish exceeds a set threshold value.
Preferably, the maximum distance s between the swing arm and the evaporating dish0Calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003519383030000051
constraint conditions are as follows: l is not less than 0.5H and 0<s≤s0
And wherein s is swing arm and steamHorizontal distance of hair-waving dish, theta0For the tilt threshold, l is the swing arm height and H is the evaporation pan height.
Preferably, the swing arm is connected with the floating bar through a hinged support and is symmetrically arranged by taking the gravity center of the evaporating dish as a geometric center.
Preferably, the tilt angle threshold θ0Calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003519383030000061
wherein HmaxThe maximum liquid level height of the evaporating dish, R is the radius of the evaporating dish, and H is the height of the evaporating dish.
The balancing weights are located at each corner of the lower surface of the floating raft and connected with the lifting rope.
Preferably, the weight of the weight stack is selected to be the maximum weight without exceeding the maximum buoyancy to which the device is subjected.
The crankshaft, the take-off and landing rope and the integrated circuit board are packaged in the floating mat hollow.
One end of the crankshaft is connected with the swing arm, and the other end of the crankshaft is connected with the swing arm control loop.
One end of the lifting rope is connected with the balancing weight, and the other end of the lifting rope is connected with the balancing weight control loop.
The controller is used for calculating the inclination angle of the evaporation pan, and if the inclination angle of the evaporation pan exceeds a set threshold value, the controller is communicated with the swing arm control loop and is disconnected with the counterweight block control loop; if the inclination angle of the evaporating dish does not exceed the set threshold value, the balancing weight control loop is communicated, and the swing arm control loop is disconnected.
Preferably, the controller controls each swing arm by: the four swing arms work independently;
when the evaporating dish inclines, only two swing arms in the inclination direction of the evaporating dish are started according to the symmetry axis, the swing arms are driven to rotate through the crankshaft, and the rotation angle of the swing arms is
Figure BDA0003519383030000062
Calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003519383030000063
wherein l is the height of the swing arm,
Figure BDA0003519383030000064
is the included angle between the swing arm and the vertical direction, and theta is an inclined angle.
Preferably, the periphery of the lower surface of the floating mat is provided with arc sheets, and small holes are dug in the arc sheets.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-4, the embodiment provides a water surface evaporator capable of adapting to wave influence, which includes an evaporation pan 1, a pressure sensor 12 and a water pump 13 are arranged in the evaporation pan 1, the liquid level drops along with evaporation, when the liquid level drops to a set minimum value, the pressure sensor 12 starts the water pump 13 to feed water, and when the liquid level reaches a set maximum water level, the pressure sensor stops the water pump from feeding water.
As shown in fig. 5, the water surface evaporator works as follows: the integrated circuit board 6 is provided with a single-pole double-throw switch and is controlled by a tilt detection device, when the evaporator encounters large waves and the tilt attitude reaches a set threshold value, the switch is communicated with a loop of a control swing arm, the swing arms 2 positioned in four directions of the floating row start to hold the evaporation vessel 1, at the moment, the control counterweight loop is disconnected, a lifting rope is untied to lower the counterweight 4, and the attitude of the evaporation vessel is stabilized; when waves are reduced and the inclined posture is reduced or not inclined, the switch is communicated with the loop of the control counterweight, the lifting rope is retracted into the counterweight block 4, the loop of the control swing arm is disconnected, and the swing arm 2 returns. The above process can ensure that the evaporator is measured in a steady state. The above-mentioned set threshold value theta0Can be calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003519383030000071
θ0≤θ≤90°
wherein HmaxFor a set maximum liquid level, i.e. overflow aperture height(ii) a H is the evaporating dish height, and R is the evaporating dish radius, and theta is the inclined angle of one side evaporating dish and base of evaporating dish focus deviation, and theta is the bigger and the smaller the slope gesture.
Further, pressure sensor sets up in the evaporation dish bottom of base and monitors water yield data, and the water yield reduces along with the evaporation, leads to pressure reduction to start the water pump and intake to the evaporation dish when setting for the minimum, and it stops intaking to reach the maximum setting for the pressure value, effectively avoids artifical moisturizing loaded down with trivial details and inconvenient. The water surface evaporation V can be calculated by the following formulaE：
ΔV-VInto＝VE
Wherein, DeltaV is the change of the water quantity in the evaporating dish, VIntoThe water amount is changed from the lowest set pressure value to the highest set pressure value.
Furthermore, the pressure sensor is provided with a host machine taking a single chip microcomputer as a core, the detection of the pressure is affected when the posture of the evaporation pan is changed, the error is large, programs for judging the pressure and calculating the water level are written in the single chip microcomputer, the horizontal water level when the evaporation pan is not inclined can be calculated according to theta, and therefore the measured value is replaced by the calculated value to be used as the measurement of the water level.
Further, the rain gauge 7 is a skip bucket type self-recording rain gauge, rainwater enters the water receiver from the water receiving port at the uppermost end, falls into the water receiving funnel, and flows into the skip bucket through the funnel port, and when the accumulated water amount reaches a certain height (for example, 0.01 mm), the skip bucket is out of balance and overturns. And each time the tipping bucket topples over, the switch is switched on to transmit a pulse signal to the recorder, and the recorder controls the self-recording pen to record the rainfall, so that the rainfall process can be measured in a reciprocating manner, and rainfall data is provided for monitoring of the device in a rainy period.
Further, the overflow collecting device is connected with an overflow hole 8 and the evaporating dish 1 through a shell 9, the overflow hole conveys the overflow water quantity into an overflow water collecting barrel 10, and the readable quantity can be used for calculating the evaporation in the rainy period. The highest water level position set by the overflow hole 8 is that rainwater enters the evaporation pan during the monitoring of the rain season, the water level rises to the position of the overflow hole to start overflowing, the overflowing water quantity enters the collecting barrel to be read, and the evaporation in the rain season can be calculated according to the following formulaVE rain：
VRain water-VOverflow-ΔV＝VE rain
Wherein, DeltaV is the change of the water quantity in the evaporating dish, VRain waterCounting for rain gauges, VOverflowThe overflow water collection bucket is read.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, since various modifications, substitutions and improvements within the spirit and scope of the invention are possible and within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A surface evaporator for a lake river comprising: evaporating dish, hyetometer, overflow meter and floating row, its characterized in that, the surface of water evaporimeter still includes: the lifting device comprises a plurality of swing arms, a plurality of balancing weights, a crankshaft, a lifting rope and an integrated circuit board;
the integrated circuit board includes: a swing arm control loop, a counterweight block control loop and a controller;
the swing arms are fixed on the upper surface of the floating mat around the evaporation pan and keep a certain distance from the evaporation pan; the swing arm is hinged with the crankshaft and used for supporting the evaporating dish when the inclination angle of the evaporating dish exceeds a set threshold value;
the plurality of balancing weights are positioned at each corner of the lower surface of the floating raft and are connected with the lifting rope;
the crankshaft, the lifting rope and the integrated circuit board are packaged in the floating row hollow cavity;
one end of the crankshaft is connected with the swing arm, and the other end of the crankshaft is connected with the swing arm control circuit;
one end of the lifting rope is connected with the balancing weight, and the other end of the lifting rope is connected with the balancing weight control loop;
the controller is used for calculating the inclination angle of the evaporation pan, and if the inclination angle of the evaporation pan exceeds a set threshold value, the controller is communicated with the swing arm control loop and is disconnected with the counterweight block control loop; if the inclination angle of the evaporating dish does not exceed the set threshold value, the balancing weight control loop is communicated, and the swing arm control loop is disconnected.
2. The water surface evaporator of claim 1 wherein the periphery of the lower surface of the floating mat is provided with circular arc pieces, and the circular arc pieces are dug with small holes.
3. A water surface evaporator as set forth in claim 1 wherein the tilt threshold θ0Calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003519383020000011
wherein HmaxThe maximum liquid level height of the evaporating dish, R is the radius of the evaporating dish, and H is the height of the evaporating dish.
4. A water surface evaporator as set forth in claim 1 wherein the maximum distance s between the swing arm and the evaporating dish0Calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003519383020000021
constraint conditions are as follows: l is not less than 0.5H and 0<s≤s0
Wherein s is the horizontal distance between the swing arm and the evaporating dish, and theta0For the tilt threshold, l is the swing arm height and H is the evaporation pan height.
5. The water surface evaporator of claim 1, wherein the swing arm is connected with the floating row through a hinged support and is symmetrically arranged by taking the gravity center of the evaporating dish as a geometric center.
6. A water surface evaporator as set forth in claim 1 wherein the controller controls each swing arm by:
the four swing arms work independently;
when the evaporating dish inclines, only two swing arms in the inclining direction of the evaporating dish are started, the swing arms are driven to rotate through the crankshaft, and the rotating angle of the swing arms is larger than that of the evaporating dish
Figure FDA0003519383020000022
Calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003519383020000023
wherein l is the height of the swing arm,
Figure FDA0003519383020000024
is the included angle between the swing arm and the vertical direction, and theta is an inclined angle.
7. A water surface evaporator as set forth in claim 1 wherein the weight of the weight is selected to be the maximum weight without exceeding the maximum buoyancy experienced by the device.
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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1916663A (en) * 2006-08-14 2007-02-21 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 Method for measuring evaporation capacity of natural lake
CN104977629A (en) * 2015-04-09 2015-10-14 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 High-precision self-recording water surface evaporation measurement device
CN204882904U (en) * 2015-08-04 2015-12-16 武汉新烽光电科技有限公司 Automatically, evaporate measurement system based on hold bars formula displacement sensor
CN109975890A (en) * 2019-04-12 2019-07-05 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 Semi-submersible type lake domain evaporation from water surface observation system
CN209961295U (en) * 2019-08-01 2020-01-17 河北省衡水水文水资源勘测局 Water surface evaporator for rivers and lakes
CN212580094U (en) * 2020-07-01 2021-02-23 深圳南一海洋科技有限公司 Diversified dynamic monitoring device of ocean engineering
US20210396567A1 (en) * 2019-10-19 2021-12-23 Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Method and Device for Accurately Monitoring Evaporation Capacity of Water Surface Evaporator in Whole Process
CN215399234U (en) * 2021-04-22 2022-01-04 青岛海洋数据工程有限公司 Ship body stabilizing device on ocean exploration ship

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1916663A (en) * 2006-08-14 2007-02-21 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 Method for measuring evaporation capacity of natural lake
CN104977629A (en) * 2015-04-09 2015-10-14 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 High-precision self-recording water surface evaporation measurement device
CN204882904U (en) * 2015-08-04 2015-12-16 武汉新烽光电科技有限公司 Automatically, evaporate measurement system based on hold bars formula displacement sensor
CN109975890A (en) * 2019-04-12 2019-07-05 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 Semi-submersible type lake domain evaporation from water surface observation system
CN209961295U (en) * 2019-08-01 2020-01-17 河北省衡水水文水资源勘测局 Water surface evaporator for rivers and lakes
US20210396567A1 (en) * 2019-10-19 2021-12-23 Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Method and Device for Accurately Monitoring Evaporation Capacity of Water Surface Evaporator in Whole Process
CN212580094U (en) * 2020-07-01 2021-02-23 深圳南一海洋科技有限公司 Diversified dynamic monitoring device of ocean engineering
CN215399234U (en) * 2021-04-22 2022-01-04 青岛海洋数据工程有限公司 Ship body stabilizing device on ocean exploration ship

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