CN114542069A - Upper-breaking and lower-cutting gob-side entry retaining blasting method for huge thick top plate - Google Patents
Upper-breaking and lower-cutting gob-side entry retaining blasting method for huge thick top plate Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gob-side entry retaining blasting method for cutting a huge thick roof from top to bottom, which comprises coal seam roof top breaking blasting and coal seam roof bottom cutting energy-gathering blasting. The invention has the beneficial effects that: forced caving and non-mining coal seam overlying roof deep hole presplitting blasting are carried out through the cut-out roof deep hole blasting, blasting damage is caused to rock masses in the middle of the cut-out coal seam overlying rock layer and the cut-out rear overlying rock layer and in the non-mining coal seam overlying rock layer, along with coal seam mining, the cut-out front and rear overlying rock layers are broken, meanwhile, the rock masses in the front of the cut-out can fall along blasting damage areas along with coal seam mining, the breaking degree of other areas of the roof is reduced while the roof falls, through the cut-out rock energy accumulation blasting construction, the rock damages on two sides of the upper roof of a goaf and the upper roof of a reserved roadway are reduced while the upper roof of the goaf and the upper roof of the reserved roadway are separated along the energy accumulation direction, the roof rock masses along the reserved roadway have good integrity, and the side rock mass on one side of the reserved roadway goaf has strong compactness and integrity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blasting method, in particular to a gob-side entry retaining blasting method for cutting off and cutting down a huge thick top plate, and belongs to the technical field of coal mining.
Background
Coal resources are essential substances for social development, and coal provides a large amount of energy. The coal mining is a big coal using country in China, the coal mining is a hard work, at present, in a coal mine fully-mechanized mining face, a mechanized and intelligent mining technology is widely popularized and applied in modern coal mines, and unmanned mining can be realized in the future.
Coal resources are important basic resources of the country, coal mining, particularly deep well mining, ensures that mining safety is the central importance of coal mining, and the currently adopted mechanical roadway, air roadway and open-cut-hole stoping mode has better safety guarantee and is widely used. Because the coal field is very large in area, a plurality of areas need to be divided, the length of the open cut cannot be too large, the aspects of supporting pressure, efficiency and the like are mainly considered, a section of coal pillar is reserved along a goaf and a roadway is changed in order to prevent the influence of the adjacent goaf on gas, fire prevention, earth pressure and the like in the original coal mining, so that the waste of resources is caused, and meanwhile, the construction period is increased. The method aims to reduce the tunneling of a roadway and recover the reserved protective coal pillars in the traditional mining mode when a coal seam is mined every time. And (4) reserving the roadway of the previous section for the next section for use by adopting a certain technical means. The method for retaining the gob-side entry is that the gob-side entry is retained at the original lane position along the edge of the gob-side entry, and the gob-side entry is called gob-side entry retaining. And the gob-side entry retaining can recover resources to the maximum extent. Avoiding the loss of coal bodies. The tunnel excavation amount is reduced, namely the continuation tension is relieved; the tunneling team is reduced, and a large amount of tunneling cost is saved; and section coal pillars are removed, so that the service life of a mine is prolonged, and social benefits are improved.
According to the practical experience and the current technical level of China, the pushed non-pillar mining roadway protection is divided into a gob-side entry retaining way and a gob-side entry driving way. The gob-side entry retaining mode without coal pillars has 5 forms. And each ore should adopt a proper and reasonable scheme according to specific situations. In most cases, the non-pillar mining should be carried out preferentially in the form of roadway retaining for the mine with proper conditions. In China, the successful experience of gob-side entry retaining is from a thin coal seam to a thick coal seam, from a slightly inclined coal seam to a steeply inclined coal seam.
The core steps are as follows:
the first step is that a constant-resistance anchor cable is used for reinforcing and supporting a roadway top plate so as to ensure that the quality of an automatically formed roadway is not influenced when the top plate is pre-cracked and cut;
secondly, blasting and drilling holes by using a joint cutting drilling machine, pre-splitting a top plate in advance by using an energy-gathered blasting device, and forming cracks on the top plate;
and thirdly, automatically cutting the roof along the gap of the roof when mine pressure is applied in a stope period, cutting the roof down, forming a roadway side by the cut roof, increasing the volume of the crushed rock to 1.3 times by means of the rock crushing and expansion coefficient, compacting and blocking the goaf, and thus automatically forming the next stope. The gob-side entry retaining utilizes five utilizations, namely mine pressure, roof rock mass, original support, original roadway or existing stope space and rock crushing and expansion coefficient; three weakening is realized, namely, the periodic incoming pressure is weakened, the gas in the goaf is weakened, and the spontaneous combustion of the coal bed is weakened; two goals, namely automatic lane formation and coal pillar-free mining are achieved.
However, there are still deficiencies in gob-side entry research and application such that some mines, especially coal mines, do not achieve the desired results in gob-side entry techniques, the most important of which is to control roof leveling. The invention provides a method for performing top-cut and bottom-cut deep hole presplitting blasting and top-cut roadway gob-side roadway retaining blasting on a deep coal seam, particularly a huge thick sandstone roof, by means of construction joint-cutting hole blasting and relying on mine pressure, flat caving of the roof is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a gob-side entry retaining blasting method for cutting off and cutting down a huge thick top plate.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme: the method for blasting the thick hard top plate upper-breaking lower-cutting gob-side entry retaining comprises coal seam top plate upper-breaking blasting and coal seam top plate lower-cutting energy-gathered blasting, wherein the coal seam top plate upper-breaking blasting comprises overlying strata deep hole breaking blasting behind a cut hole and advanced deep hole presplitting blasting of an overlying top plate of an unexploited coal seam arranged along a retained roadway, and the coal seam top plate lower-cutting energy-gathered blasting comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, deep hole fracture blasting is conducted on an overlying rock layer behind a cut hole, blasting damage is generated between the overlying rock layer of the cut hole coal layer and the overlying rock layer behind the cut hole, the overlying rock layer before and after the cut hole is fractured along with coal seam mining, and the rock layer before the cut hole is guaranteed to fall along with coal seam mining;
it further comprises:
cutting hole deep hole arrangement is carried out, after four cutters are mined on a coal face, the cutting hole deep hole arrangement is carried out along the coal face, blasting holes are drilled in a position 20m away from the left side of the track along a direction parallel to the coal face, and the blasting holes are drilled in a position 2m away from the left side of the track along a direction parallel to the coal face;
secondly, deep hole charging blasting, namely filling the prepared hole internal charge column into the drilled deep hole, filling cement, and performing detonation blasting after the cement is solidified;
secondly, performing up-breaking blasting in front of the coal face from the hole cutting position; arranging advanced deep hole pre-splitting blasting of the overlying roof of the unexploited coal seam along the reserved roadway to enable the overlying roof of the unexploited coal seam to generate blasting damage, enabling the roof to break and fall along the blasting damage area along with coal seam mining, ensuring roof falling, and simultaneously reducing the rock breaking degree of the roof,
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, arranging deep holes on an overlying top plate, conducting deep hole pre-splitting blasting on the overlying sandstone top plate, arranging a group of deep hole blasting holes on the top plate 5m in front of a cutting hole, increasing rock fracture at the cutting hole, arranging a group of deep hole blasting holes every 15m later, arranging one blasting hole between each group, and enabling the distance between each group of blasting holes to be 3 m.
Thirdly, arranging undercutting energy-gathered blasting on the top plate of the unexploited coal seam along the reserved roadway, and performing undercutting blasting in front of the coal face from the hole cutting position;
it further comprises:
the method comprises the following steps of 1, calculating a cutting and drilling hole, wherein the depth of the pre-splitting cutting and drilling hole is related to mining height, roof sinking amount and bottom bulging amount, and is determined in the following mode:
Hseam＝(HCoal (coal)-ΔH1-ΔH2)/(k-1)
In the formula: Δ H1: top plate sinkage, m; Δ H2: floor heave amount, m; k: the coefficient of crushing and swelling is 1.3-1.5;
cutting and drilling, wherein blasting holes with the diameter of 50mm, the depth of 13.5m and the angle of 75 degrees with the horizontal direction are adopted, and the distance between blast holes is 0.5-0.7 m;
joint cutting explosive charging blasting, namely, charging explosive by adopting a double-energy-gathering explosive tube, continuously charging explosive in the tube, wherein the explosive charging length is 10.5m, the explosive charging amount per hole is 10Kg, the hole sealing length is 3m, sealing holes after explosive charging, and blasting after half an hour of hole sealing;
as a still further scheme of the invention: in the first step, when deep hole charging blasting is carried out, specific charging construction is as follows:
firstly, after the explosive columns in the holes are filled according to the design, finally, a gun head and a slurry return pipe are independently conveyed into the holes to be contacted with the explosive columns in front, 2 holes with the diameter of 5mm are punched by scissors within the range of 30-40cm from the end head at the upper end of the slurry return pipe, the hole interval is 10cm, symmetrical holes are punched by scissors within the range of 3-4cm from the end part of the slurry return pipe, 2 anti-skid steel wires are penetrated through the holes, 3 anti-skid steel wires are also penetrated through the gun head, and when the gun head and the slurry return pipe are both well arranged, the gun head and the slurry return pipe are conveyed into the holes by a hole detecting pipe to be contacted with the explosive columns in front;
secondly, a grouting pipe with the length of 7m is taken and bundled together with the three-bag and is slowly sent into the hole, the head of the grouting pipe with the length of 7m is 0.5m higher than the head of the three-bag, the heads of the three-bag are bundled on the grouting pipe and are sent into the hole together by using a detonator cord or an iron wire, and the three-bag is sent into the hole by rotating by hands until the next bag of the three-bag is completely sent into the hole;
thirdly, mixing cement slurry according to the proportion of 42.5 cement: water: huaqian element is 100: 30: 2, adding water and Huaqiansu into the grouting barrel, starting the stirrer, slowly pouring 42.5 of cement, stopping adding 42.5 of cement when the stirrer stirs forcefully, pouring 42.5 of cement when the materials are mixed thinly, and uniformly mixing according to the above ratio.
And fourthly, filling cement into the three-bag grouting pipe, connecting an outlet pipe of the pump with the bag grouting pipe, starting a grouting pump until the pump can not inject the hole sealing slurry, and indicating that the capsule bag is completely filled.
And fifthly, grouting in the hole, connecting an outlet pipe of the pump with a grouting pipe in the hole, starting a grouting pump, and stopping grouting when the grout return pipe returns grout.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the third step, when the joint cutting explosive charging blasting is carried out, the concrete explosive charging construction is as follows:
firstly, connecting and placing high-power three-level coal mine allowable water-gel explosive rolls with the diameter of 35mm multiplied by 330g at intervals in energy collecting pipes, and installing 1 anti-skid device in each 2 energy collecting pipes along a joint cutting direction so as to ensure that the joint cutting direction is a connecting line of two holes;
and secondly, filling each two energy-collecting pipes into another allowable electric detonator for the coal mine, wherein the leg wire of the detonator is only kept 20cm long and is connected to the copper core thin wire in a staggered manner in parallel, filling the energy-collecting pipes outside the hole, and filling the energy-collecting pipes into the blast hole once.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the third step, when the explosive blasting of the overlying roof is carried out, the concrete explosive loading construction is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, the outer diameter of an energy collecting pipe is 42mm, the inner diameter of the energy collecting pipe is 36.5mm, the length of a single energy collecting pipe is 1500mm, three-level coal mine allowable water gel explosives, namely phi 35mm multiplied by 330g, are adopted for accurate directional pre-splitting blasting, and 7 energy collecting pipes are installed in each hole;
and secondly, the charging structure is 4.5+4.5+4+3+3+2+2, the charging quantity is temporarily determined to be 23 coils and is 6.93kg, two energy-collecting pipes at the bottom of the hole are fully charged, a power generation detonator is used, the rear part is filled at intervals, each energy-collecting pipe is provided with a power generation detonator, thin copper wires are connected in parallel, and finally the hole sealing sections are connected by blasting wires.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, when the explosive blasting of the overlying roof is carried out, the concrete hole sealing construction is as follows:
firstly, installing an anti-skid steel wire at intervals of 2 energy-collecting pipes according to design, installing explosive cartridges in the energy-collecting pipes in a positive detonation mode, and feeding the explosive cartridges into holes;
and secondly, taking the double-bag, and rotationally feeding the double-bag into the hole by hand. The hole sealing adopts a double-bag hole sealing device with the model of CF-50/65;
and thirdly, because the hole sealing agent is quickly solidified, after all blast holes are filled, one-time grouting and hole sealing are carried out, the hole sealing is carried out by uniformly mixing the hole sealing agent and water according to the ratio of 25:25-35, and then grouting is carried out by using a grouting machine, because the hole sealing agent is quickly solidified, high strength is achieved within 20 minutes, a bag is mixed and injected, the concrete method is that an outlet pipe of a pump is connected with a bag grouting pipe, a grouting pump is started until the pump can not inject the cement slurry any more, and the capsule bag is completely filled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: forced roof caving is carried out through the open-off deep hole blasting, blasting damage is generated between an open-off coal bed overlying rock stratum and an overlying rock stratum behind the open-off coal bed, the overlying rock stratum before and behind the open-off coal bed is broken along with coal bed mining, the rock stratum before the open-off coal bed is guaranteed to fall along with coal bed mining, roof deep hole presplitting blasting is carried out aiming at the condition that a roof does not fall off, rock stratum breakage of a working face is achieved, then the overlying rock stratum in a goaf can be pushed forward along with the working face, the overlying rock stratum in the goaf is continuously collapsed, and a connecting rail cannot sink along the overlying rock stratum.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a three-hole deep hole arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a three kerf drilling arrangement in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a triple blast hole A, B, C according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of deep hole arrangement of a third overlying top plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, a method for blasting a huge thick roof top-cut and bottom-cut gob-side entry retaining includes top-cut blasting of a coal seam roof and bottom-cut energy-gathered blasting of the coal seam roof, where the top-cut blasting of the coal seam roof includes deep-hole fracture blasting of an overburden layer behind a cut hole and advanced deep-hole presplitting blasting of an overburden roof of an unexploited coal seam along a retained roadway, and the bottom-cut energy-gathered blasting of the coal seam roof includes bottom-cut energy-gathered blasting of the unexploited coal seam roof along the retained roadway, and specifically includes the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, deep hole fracture blasting is conducted on an overlying rock layer behind a cut hole, blasting damage is generated between the overlying rock layer of the cut hole coal layer and the overlying rock layer behind the cut hole, the overlying rock layer before and after the cut hole is fractured along with coal seam mining, and the rock layer before the cut hole is guaranteed to fall along with coal seam mining;
it further comprises:
cutting hole deep hole arrangement is carried out, after four cutters are mined on a coal face, the cutting hole deep hole arrangement is carried out along the coal face, blasting holes are drilled in a position 20m away from the left side of the track along a direction parallel to the coal face, and the blasting holes are drilled in a position 2m away from the left side of the track along a direction parallel to the coal face;
secondly, deep hole charging blasting, namely filling the prepared hole internal charge column into the drilled deep hole, filling cement, and performing detonation blasting after the cement is solidified;
secondly, performing up-breaking blasting in front of the coal face from the hole cutting position; arranging advanced deep hole presplitting blasting of the overlying roof of the unexploited coal seam along the reserved roadway to enable the overlying roof of the unexploited coal seam to generate blasting damage, enabling the roof to break and fall along a blasting damage area along with coal seam mining, ensuring roof falling, and simultaneously reducing roof rock breaking degree,
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, arranging deep holes on an overlying top plate, conducting deep hole pre-splitting blasting on the overlying sandstone top plate, arranging a group of deep hole blasting holes on the top plate 5m in front of a cutting hole, increasing rock fracture at the cutting hole, arranging a group of deep hole blasting holes every 15m later, arranging one blasting hole between each group, and enabling the distance between each group of blasting holes to be 3 m.
And step three, arranging undercutting energy-gathered blasting on the top plate of the unexploited coal seam along the reserved roadway, and carrying out undercutting blasting in front of the coal face from the cut hole.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the first step, when deep hole charging blasting is performed, the specific charging construction is as follows:
firstly, after the explosive columns in the holes are filled according to the design, finally, a gun head and a slurry return pipe are independently conveyed into the holes to be contacted with the explosive columns in front, 2 holes with the diameter of 5mm are punched by scissors within the range of 30-40cm from the end head at the upper end of the slurry return pipe, the hole interval is 10cm, symmetrical holes are punched by scissors within the range of 3-4cm from the end part of the slurry return pipe, 2 anti-skid steel wires are penetrated through the holes, 3 anti-skid steel wires are also penetrated through the gun head, and when the gun head and the slurry return pipe are both well arranged, the gun head and the slurry return pipe are conveyed into the holes by a hole detecting pipe to be contacted with the explosive columns in front;
secondly, a grouting pipe with the length of 7m is taken and bundled together with the three-bag and is slowly sent into the hole, the head of the grouting pipe with the length of 7m is 0.5m higher than the head of the three-bag, the heads of the three-bag are bundled on the grouting pipe and are sent into the hole together by using a detonator cord or an iron wire, and the three-bag is sent into the hole by rotating by hands until the next bag of the three-bag is completely sent into the hole;
thirdly, mixing cement slurry according to the proportion of 425 cement: water: and (3) the weight of the Huaqian plain is 100: 30: 2, adding water and Huaqiansu into the grouting barrel, starting the stirrer, slowly pouring 425 cement, stopping adding 425 cement when the stirrer is stirred vigorously, and pouring 425 cement when the materials are mixed thinly until the materials are uniformly mixed.
And fourthly, filling cement into the three-bag grouting pipe, connecting an outlet pipe of the pump with the bag grouting pipe, starting a grouting pump until the pump can not inject the hole sealing slurry, and indicating that the capsule bag is completely filled.
And fifthly, grouting in the hole, connecting an outlet pipe of the pump with a grouting pipe in the hole, starting a grouting pump, and stopping grouting when the grout return pipe returns grout.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the second step, when the explosive blasting of the overlying roof is carried out, the concrete hole sealing construction is as follows:
firstly, installing an anti-skid steel wire at intervals of 2 energy-collecting pipes according to design, installing explosive cartridges in the energy-collecting pipes in a positive detonation mode, and feeding the explosive cartridges into holes;
and secondly, taking the double-bag, and rotationally feeding the double-bag into the hole by hand. The hole sealing adopts a double-bag hole sealing device with the model of CF-50/65;
and thirdly, because the hole sealing agent is quickly solidified, after all blast holes are filled, one-time grouting and hole sealing are carried out, the hole sealing is carried out by uniformly mixing the hole sealing agent and water according to the ratio of 25:25-35, and then grouting is carried out by using a grouting machine, because the hole sealing agent is quickly solidified, high strength is achieved within 20 minutes, a bag is mixed and injected, the concrete method is that an outlet pipe of a pump is connected with a bag grouting pipe, a grouting pump is started until the pump can not inject the cement slurry any more, and the capsule bag is completely filled.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1, a method for blasting a huge thick roof top-cut and bottom-cut gob-side entry retaining includes top-cut blasting of a coal seam roof and bottom-cut energy-gathered blasting of the coal seam roof, where the top-cut blasting of the coal seam roof includes deep-hole fracture blasting of an overburden layer behind a cut hole and advanced deep-hole presplitting blasting of an overburden roof of an unexploited coal seam along a retained roadway, and the bottom-cut energy-gathered blasting of the coal seam roof includes bottom-cut energy-gathered blasting of the unexploited coal seam roof along the retained roadway, and specifically includes the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, deep hole fracture blasting is conducted on an overlying rock layer behind a cut hole, blasting damage is generated between the overlying rock layer of the cut hole coal layer and the overlying rock layer behind the cut hole, the overlying rock layer before and after the cut hole is fractured along with coal seam mining, and the rock layer before the cut hole is guaranteed to fall along with coal seam mining;
secondly, performing up-breaking blasting in front of the coal face from the hole cutting position; arranging advanced deep hole presplitting blasting of the overlying roof of the unexploited coal seam along the reserved roadway to enable the overlying roof of the unexploited coal seam to generate blasting damage, enabling the roof to break and fall along a blasting damage area along with coal seam mining, ensuring roof falling, and simultaneously reducing roof rock breaking degree,
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, arranging deep holes on an overlying top plate, conducting deep hole pre-splitting blasting on the overlying sandstone top plate, arranging a group of deep hole blasting holes on the top plate 5m in front of a cutting hole, increasing rock fracture at the cutting hole, arranging a group of deep hole blasting holes every 15m later, arranging one blasting hole between each group, and enabling the distance between each group of blasting holes to be 3 m.
Thirdly, arranging undercutting energy-gathered blasting on the top plate of the unexploited coal seam along the reserved roadway, and performing undercutting blasting in front of the coal face from the hole cutting position;
it further comprises:
the method comprises the following steps of 1, kerf drilling calculation, wherein the depth of a pre-splitting kerf drilling hole is related to mining height, roof sinking amount and bottom heave amount, and is determined in the following mode:
Hseam＝(HCoal (coal)-ΔH1-ΔH2)/(k-1)
In the formula: Δ H1: top plate sinkage, m; Δ H2: floor heave amount, m; k: the coefficient of crushing and swelling is 1.3-1.5;
secondly, cutting and drilling are arranged, blasting holes with the diameter of 50mm, the depth of 13.5m and the angle of 75 degrees with the horizontal direction are adopted, and the distance between blast holes is 0.5-0.7 m;
and thirdly, joint cutting explosive charging blasting, namely, charging explosive by adopting a double-energy-gathering explosive tube, continuously charging explosive in the tube, wherein the explosive charging length is 10Kg per hole, the hole sealing length is 3m, sealing holes after charging explosive, and blasting after half an hour after sealing holes.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the third step, when the kerf explosive charging blasting is carried out, the concrete explosive charging construction is as follows:
firstly, connecting and placing high-power three-level coal mine allowable water-gel explosive rolls with the diameter of 35mm multiplied by 330g at intervals in energy collecting pipes, and installing 1 anti-skid device in each 2 energy collecting pipes along a joint cutting direction so as to ensure that the joint cutting direction is a connecting line of two holes;
and secondly, filling each two energy-collecting pipes into another allowable electric detonator for the coal mine, wherein the leg wire of the detonator is only kept 20cm long and is connected to the copper core thin wire in a staggered manner in parallel, filling the energy-collecting pipes outside the hole, and filling the energy-collecting pipes into the blast hole once.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the third step, when the explosive blasting of the overlying roof is carried out, the concrete explosive loading construction is as follows:
firstly, the outer diameter of an energy-collecting pipe is 42mm, the inner diameter is 36.5mm, the length of a single energy-collecting pipe is 1500mm, three-level allowable water gel explosives phi 35mm multiplied by 330g are adopted for accurate directional presplitting blasting, and 7 energy-collecting pipes are installed in each hole;
and secondly, the charging structure is 4.5+4.5+4+3+3+2+2, the charging quantity is temporarily determined to be 23 coils and is 6.93kg, two energy-collecting pipes at the bottom of the hole are fully charged, a power generation detonator is used, the rear part is filled at intervals, each energy-collecting pipe is provided with a power generation detonator, thin copper wires are connected in parallel, and finally the hole sealing sections are connected by blasting wires.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 2-5, a method for blasting a huge thick top plate along a gob-side entry with a cut-off top and a cut-off bottom includes the following steps
Forced caving of the cut hole deep hole blasting is carried out, so that blasting damage is generated between the overburden rock layer of the cut hole coal layer and the overburden rock layer behind the cut hole, the overburden rock layer before and behind the cut hole is broken along with coal layer mining, and the rock layer in front of the cut hole is guaranteed to fall along with coal layer mining; the design adopts a drill hole with the blasting aperture of 75mm or 94 mm. Because the high ground stress of the D-integrated coal mine and the sandstone roof have certain ductility, the fracture radius of the low-power explosive is small, all the explosives adopt three-level coal mine allowable gas extraction water gel explosive columns filled with high-power three-level coal mine allowable water gel explosive, and the specification is phi 63 multiplied by 1000mm multiplied by 3300 g/root;
after the coal face is mined for four times, hole cutting and deep hole blasting are carried out along the coal face to force the top to be opened, No. 1 and No. 2 blast holes are drilled along the position 20m away from the left side of the track and parallel to the coal face, and No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5 blast holes are drilled along the position 2m away from the left side of the track and parallel to the coal face.
In order to blast the anchor cable section, holes with the depth of 9m are drilled every 5m, namely 6 holes are drilled every 5m from the right direction of the rail, the hole angle is 45 degrees, the powder is charged for 5m, and the holes are sealed at the positions of 2-4m by grouting with double bags with the length of 3m, namely the holes are not sealed at the positions of 1m of the hole opening. The hole is drilled in a way of being staggered with the deep hole;
the upper fracture is started from the hole cutting, an upper fracture blasting scheme is implemented in the range of 0-30m in front of the working face in the scheme, namely, the blasting scheme before the top plate does not fall yet is adopted, firstly, a group of blasting holes, namely A, B, C blasting holes, are arranged on the top plate 5m in front of the working face, then, a group of blasting holes are arranged every 15m, and a C blasting hole is arranged between each group;
according to the tunneling geological data, the working face stoping period is divided into two sections of 11-2 and 11-3 coal combined stoping (total 475m), 11-2 coal top stoping (total 310m) and 11-2 coal top stoping, and 11-2 and 11-3 coal layer stoping, and the total value of the roof subsidence and the bottom heave is the sum (delta H) of the hardness of the sandstone with the thick-layer sandstone covered by the collected ore1+ΔH2) When the breaking expansion coefficient k of the caving coal gangue on the top plate of the goaf is 0.1m, the minimum value of the breaking expansion coefficient k is 1.3, and when the mining height H coal on the working face is 4.0m (475 m sections with outward cutting holes), calculating to obtain that the H seam is 13m, namely the depth of the blasting hole of the bidirectional energy-gathering cutting seam is 13 m; the engineering is similar to the engineering practice of a working face of a gathering mine 1613A, and the result shows that the stability of a roadway is facilitated when the cutting angle is in a range of 10-20 degrees, the length of a top plate cantilever beam can be reduced by a small cutting angle, the cutting angle in the vertical direction of the rail along the roadway of the working face is finally designed to be 15 degrees, and the distance between cutting holes is designed to be 500 +/-50 mm.The charging parameters are determined by field tests;
in order to form a lane, the pre-splitting blasting of the deep hole of the overlying fine sandstone roof is required to be carried out simultaneously,
the design of the blast holes changes along with the thickness of the fine sandstone, the depth of the blast holes is determined according to the position of the sandy mudstone, namely the blast holes cannot penetrate the fine sandstone, the position of the final hole of the blast holes is more than 2m away from the fine sandstone top plate, otherwise, the blast energy penetrates the sandy mudstone above the blast holes to be released, the fine sandstone top plate cannot be broken, and the blast holes of each group change.
The lithologic overlaying top plate of the top plate at the front 204m is finally changed into 13m, the broken holes on the section are sequentially reduced within the range of the front 104m, and the cutting holes are changed into 18m when the distance reaches 104 m. The broken hole on the fine sandstone layer is not required to be blasted. However, the fine sandstone with the thickness of more than 20m on the upper surface needs to drill ultra-deep holes in a half square and a square for blasting fracture, the position of a drilling machine is fixed, the drilling angles are different, the distance between final holes is 15m, and the planes of the four blasting drilling holes are parallel to the rail and are vertical to a working face. The difficulty of drilling and charging is larger in the future, and whether the thin rock stratum is broken or not is the key basis for determining whether the roadway is reserved or not.
The working principle is as follows: the top is forcibly set by the open-off deep hole blasting, so that blasting damage is generated between an open-off coal bed overlying rock stratum and an overlying rock stratum behind the open-off coal bed, the overlying rock stratum before and behind the open-off coal bed is broken along with coal bed mining, the rock stratum before the open-off is guaranteed to fall along with coal bed mining, roof deep hole presplitting blasting is performed to guarantee that a huge thick roof is arranged below the roof, the overlying rock stratum is broken along with a working face in a damaged mode, the overlying rock stratum in a goaf is further pushed forwards along with the working face, the overlying rock in the goaf is continuously collapsed, and rock damage on two sides is reduced when the overlying roof in the goaf is separated from the overlying roof in a reserved roadway along the goaf direction in combination with roof cutting energy-gathering blasting under the roof, the roof rock on one side of the reserved roadway is guaranteed to have good integrity, and the side rock on one side of the reserved roadway is guaranteed to have strong compactness and integrity, and quality roadway is improved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A gob-side entry retaining blasting method for cutting from top to bottom of a huge thick top plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: including broken blasting and the coal seam roof undercut energy accumulation blasting on the coal seam roof, broken blasting on the coal seam roof includes the hole back of cutting and covers rock stratum deep hole fracture blasting and arranges the not exploitation coal seam roof advance deep hole presplitting blasting along reserving the tunnel, and coal seam roof undercut energy accumulation blasting includes and arranges the not exploitation coal seam roof undercut energy accumulation blasting along reserving the tunnel, specifically includes following step:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, deep hole fracture blasting is conducted on an overlying rock layer behind a cut hole, blasting damage is generated between the overlying rock layer of the cut hole coal layer and the overlying rock layer behind the cut hole, the overlying rock layer before and after the cut hole is fractured along with coal seam mining, and the rock layer before the cut hole is guaranteed to fall along with coal seam mining;
it further comprises:
cutting hole deep hole arrangement is carried out, after four cutters are mined on a coal face, the cutting hole deep hole arrangement is carried out along the coal face, blasting holes are drilled in a position 20m away from the left side of the track along a direction parallel to the coal face, and the blasting holes are drilled in a position 2m away from the left side of the track along a direction parallel to the coal face;
secondly, deep hole charging blasting, namely filling the prepared hole internal charge column into the drilled deep hole, filling cement, and performing detonation blasting after the cement is solidified;
secondly, performing up-breaking blasting in front of the coal face from the hole cutting position; arranging advanced deep hole presplitting blasting of the overlying roof of the unexploited coal seam along the reserved roadway to enable the overlying roof of the unexploited coal seam to generate blasting damage, enabling the roof to break and fall along a blasting damage area along with coal seam mining, ensuring roof falling, and simultaneously reducing roof rock breaking degree,
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, arranging deep holes on an overlying top plate, conducting deep hole pre-splitting blasting on the overlying sandstone top plate, arranging a group of deep hole blasting holes on the top plate 5m in front of a cutting hole, increasing rock fracture at the cutting hole, arranging a group of deep hole blasting holes every 15m later, arranging one blasting hole between each group, and enabling the distance between each group of blasting holes to be 3 m.
Thirdly, arranging undercutting energy-gathered blasting on the top plate of the unexploited coal seam along the reserved roadway, and performing undercutting blasting in front of the coal face from the hole cutting position;
it further comprises:
the method comprises the following steps of 1, calculating a cutting and drilling hole, wherein the depth of the pre-splitting cutting and drilling hole is related to mining height, roof sinking amount and bottom bulging amount, and is determined in the following mode:
Hseam＝(HCoal (coal)-ΔH1-ΔH2)/(k-1)
In the formula: Δ H1: top plate sinkage, m; Δ H2: the floor heave amount, m; k: the coefficient of crushing and swelling is 1.3-1.5;
and secondly, cutting seams and drilling holes, wherein blasting holes with the diameter of 50mm, the depth of 13.5m and the angle of 75 degrees with the horizontal direction are adopted, and the distance between blast holes is 0.5-0.7 m. (ii) a
And thirdly, joint cutting explosive charging blasting, namely, charging explosive by adopting a double-energy-gathering explosive tube, continuously charging explosive in the tube, wherein the explosive charging length is 10Kg per hole, the hole sealing length is 3m, sealing holes after charging explosive, and blasting after half an hour after sealing holes.
2. The method for blasting the gob-side entry retaining by cutting the upper part and the lower part of the huge thick top plate according to the claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, when deep hole charging blasting is carried out, specific charging construction is as follows:
firstly, after the explosive columns in the holes are filled according to the design, finally, a gun head and a slurry return pipe are independently conveyed into the holes to be contacted with the explosive columns in front, 2 holes with the diameter of 5mm are punched by scissors within the range of 30-40cm from the end head at the upper end of the slurry return pipe, the hole interval is 10cm, symmetrical holes are punched by scissors within the range of 3-4cm from the end part of the slurry return pipe, 2 anti-skid steel wires are penetrated through the holes, 3 anti-skid steel wires are also penetrated through the gun head, and when the gun head and the slurry return pipe are both well arranged, the gun head and the slurry return pipe are conveyed into the holes by a hole detecting pipe to be contacted with the explosive columns in front;
secondly, a grouting pipe with the length of 7m is taken and bundled together with the three-bag and is slowly sent into the hole, the head of the grouting pipe with the length of 7m is 0.5m higher than the head of the three-bag, the heads of the three-bag are bundled on the grouting pipe and are sent into the hole together by using a detonator cord or an iron wire, and the three-bag is sent into the hole by rotating by hands until the next bag of the three-bag is completely sent into the hole;
thirdly, mixing cement slurry according to the proportion of 42.5 cement: water: and (3) the weight of the Huaqian plain is 100: 30: 2, adding water and Huaqiansu into the grouting barrel, starting the stirrer, slowly pouring 42.5 of cement, stopping adding 42.5 of cement when the stirrer stirs forcefully, pouring 42.5 of cement when the materials are mixed thinly, and uniformly mixing according to the above ratio.
And fourthly, filling cement into the three-bag grouting pipe, connecting an outlet pipe of the pump with the bag grouting pipe, starting the grouting pump until the pump can not inject the hole sealing slurry any more, and indicating that the capsule bag is completely filled.
And fifthly, grouting in the hole, connecting an outlet pipe of the pump with a grouting pipe in the hole, starting a grouting pump, and stopping grouting when the grout return pipe returns grout.
3. The method for blasting the giant-thick roof plate up-cutting and down-cutting gob-side entry retaining according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, when the joint cutting explosive charging blasting is carried out, the concrete explosive charging construction is as follows:
firstly, connecting and placing high-power three-level coal mine allowable water-gel explosive rolls with the diameter of 35mm multiplied by 330g at intervals in energy collecting pipes, and installing 1 anti-skid device in each 2 energy collecting pipes along a joint cutting direction so as to ensure that the joint cutting direction is a connecting line of two holes;
and secondly, filling each two energy-collecting pipes into another allowable electric detonator for the coal mine, wherein the leg wire of the detonator is only kept 20cm long and is connected to the copper core thin wire in a staggered manner in parallel, filling the energy-collecting pipes outside the hole, and filling the energy-collecting pipes into the blast hole once.
4. The method for blasting the giant-thick roof plate up-cutting and down-cutting gob-side entry retaining according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, when the explosive blasting of the overlying roof is carried out, the concrete explosive loading construction is as follows:
firstly, the outer diameter of an energy-collecting pipe is 42mm, the inner diameter is 36.5mm, the length of a single energy-collecting pipe is 1500mm, three-level allowable water gel explosives phi 35mm multiplied by 330g are adopted for accurate directional presplitting blasting, and 7 energy-collecting pipes are installed in each hole;
and secondly, the charging structure is 4.5+4.5+4+3+3+2+2, the charging quantity is temporarily determined to be 23 coils and is 6.93kg, two energy-collecting pipes at the bottom of the hole are fully charged, a power generation detonator is used, the rear part is filled at intervals, each energy-collecting pipe is provided with a power generation detonator, thin copper wires are connected in parallel, and finally the hole sealing sections are connected by blasting wires.
5. The method for blasting the giant-thick roof plate up-cutting and down-cutting gob-side entry retaining according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, when the overlying roof is subjected to explosive loading blasting, the concrete hole sealing construction is as follows:
firstly, installing an anti-skid steel wire at intervals of 2 energy-collecting pipes according to design, installing explosive cartridges in the energy-collecting pipes in a positive detonation mode, and feeding the explosive cartridges into holes;
and secondly, taking the double-bag, and rotationally feeding the double-bag into the hole by hand. The hole sealing adopts a double-bag hole sealing device with the model of CF-50/65;
and thirdly, because the hole sealing agent is quickly solidified, after all blast holes are filled, one-time grouting and hole sealing are carried out, the hole sealing is carried out by uniformly mixing the hole sealing agent and water according to the ratio of 25:25-35, and then grouting is carried out by using a grouting machine, because the hole sealing agent is quickly solidified, high strength is achieved within 20 minutes, one bag is mixed and one bag is injected, the concrete method is that an outlet pipe of a pump is connected with a bag grouting pipe, a grouting pump is started until the pump can not inject cement slurry any more, and the capsule bag is completely filled.
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| CN115046443A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-13 | 安徽理工大学 | Construction method for breaking blasting in top-cut and bottom-cut of thick coal seam roof-cutting roadway retaining |
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