CN114540677A - High-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Sn-Mn aluminum alloy and processing method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Sn-Mn aluminum alloy and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Sn-Mn series aluminum alloy and a processing method thereof, and mainly relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys. The components by mass percentage are as follows: zn: 5.0-7.0%; mg: 2.0-3.0%; sn: 0.5-1.0%; mn: 0.3-0.6%; zr: 0.2 to 0.4 percent; sb: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; be: 0.1-0.2% and Cr: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the aluminum alloy can obtain high strength and excellent plasticity under the conditions of cast state and extrusion state, does not contain precious metal elements, and has good extrusion performance and forming performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy, in particular to high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Sn-Mn aluminum alloy and a processing method thereof.
Background
Along with the rapid development of the shipbuilding industry at home and abroad, the light weight of ships is more and more emphasized, the density of the aluminum alloy is small, the elastic modulus is about 1/3 of steel, the specific strength of the aluminum alloy is higher than that of the steel, and the weight of the member can be reduced by more than 50% when the aluminum alloy is used on the ships instead of steel. The aluminum alloy used for the ship manufacturing has the advantages of reducing weight, improving ship speed and saving fuel; the length-width ratio of the ship is improved, the stability is improved, and the ship is easy to operate; welding is easy; the impact absorption capacity is stronger. Therefore, aluminum alloys have much application and development space in the shipbuilding industry. The manufacture of aircraft carriers generally represents the highest building level of a country, and aluminium alloys have found a large number of applications in active aircraft carriers, for example, the american "independent" aircraft carrier (CVA62) uses 1019t aluminium alloy, the "enterprise" nuclear power aircraft carrier (CVA65) uses 450t aluminium alloy, the french "fuxi" aircraft carrier (R99) and the "krymond" aircraft carrier (R98) use more than 1000t aluminium alloy.
In addition, the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of light weight, good corrosion resistance, easy processing and forming and the like, so that the aluminum alloy plays an important role in high-end metal materials in the ocean engineering equipment industry. The corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy for the ship is mainly selected from an Al-Zn-Mg system and an Al-Mg-Si system, and the main products are Al-Zn-Mg system plates and profiles and Al-Mg-Si system profiles. The aluminum alloy for the ship can be classified into aluminum alloy for a ship body structure and aluminum alloy for upper outfitting according to purposes. The ship body structure comprises a ship side, a ship bottom outer plate, a keel, rib plates, a partition wall and the like, and the outfitting comprises a steering room, a bulwark, a chimney, a porthole, a mast and the like. Al-Zn-Mg series alloy is adopted as a hull structure material in many countries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Sn-Mn series aluminum alloy and a processing method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy can obtain high strength and excellent plasticity under the conditions of an as-cast state and an extrusion state, does not contain precious metal elements, and has good extrusion performance and formability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Sn-Mn series aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 5.0 to 7.0 percent; mg: 2.0 to 3.0 percent; sn: 0.5-1.0%; mn: 0.3 to 0.6 percent; zr: 0.2 to 0.4 percent; sb: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; be: 0.1-0.2% and Cr: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
The processing method comprises the following steps:
step 1, alloy smelting and casting: preheating pure Al, pure Zn, pure Mg and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy for 20-30 minutes at the temperature of 150-200 ℃, and preheating pure Sn for 20-30 minutes at the temperature of 100-150 ℃; heating pure aluminum in a resistance furnace, preserving heat at 700-720 ℃ to completely melt the master batch, then adding preheated pure Zn, pure Sn, pure Al and Al-10 wt% of Mn intermediate alloy, heating to 730-750 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30 minutes, cooling to 690-710 ℃ after alloying elements are completely melted, stirring uniformly, standing, preserving heat for 20 minutes, and casting into ingots;
step 2, extrusion processing of the alloy: machining the cast ingot to a proper size, then performing solid solution at 310-350 ℃ for 2-12 h, heating to 560-590 ℃ for solid solution for 2-8 h, finally performing extrusion forming on an extruder, and performing air cooling to room temperature;
step 3, a heat treatment process of the extruded material: a two-stage aging process (T5) is adopted, aging is carried out for 4-24 h at 60-80 ℃, then aging is carried out for 1-8 h at 160-180 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
Further, the processing method is refined as follows:
step 1, alloy smelting and casting: preheating pure Al, pure Mg, pure Zn and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy at 160 ℃ for 25 minutes, and preheating pure Sn at 120 ℃ for 25 minutes; heating pure aluminum in a resistance furnace, preserving heat at 720 ℃ to completely melt the master batch, then adding preheated pure Zn, pure Sn, pure Mg and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy, heating to 740 ℃, preserving heat for 25 minutes, stirring uniformly after alloying elements are completely melted, standing, preserving heat for 20 minutes, cooling to 700 ℃, and casting into ingots;
step 2, extrusion processing of the alloy: machining the cast ingot to a proper size, then performing solid solution at 400 ℃ for 10h, heating to 560 ℃ for 6h, and finally performing extrusion molding on an extruder at the extrusion speed of 1.2mm & s-1Air cooling to room temperature at an extrusion ratio of 10;
step 3, a heat treatment process of the extruded material: the method adopts a two-stage aging process, and comprises the steps of aging at 70 ℃ for 16h, aging at 180 ℃ for 6h, and cooling in air to room temperature.
The method of processing the Al-Zn-Mg-Sn-Mn aluminum alloy described above is another aspect of the present invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) zn is adopted as a first alloying element, so that the solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening effects are ensured, the casting performance of the Mg-Zn binary alloy is improved by adding the Al element, and the Mg can be introduced by controlling the adding proportion of the Zn and the Al element32(Al,Zn)49A high temperature strengthening phase; the addition of Sn element improves the plastic deformation capability of the alloy, and Mg simultaneously2The formation of Sn phase can improve the high-temperature performance of the alloy, and the addition of a small amount of Mn element can improve the structure morphology of the extruded alloy and improve the mechanical property of the alloy while not reducing the plasticity as much as possible.
(2) The aluminum alloy material does not contain noble metals, has low cost, can obtain the strength of the traditional high-strength aluminum alloy through extrusion deformation, simultaneously greatly improves the elongation, and can further improve the mechanical property of the material through subsequent heat treatment.
(3) The room-temperature tensile strength of the extruded alloy can reach more than 610MPa, the yield strength reaches more than 490MPa, the elongation reaches more than 8%, the yield strength can reach more than 530MPa after aging treatment, and the elongation can still reach more than 11%.
(4) The alloy can realize extrusion forming at 250 ℃, and has good low-temperature forming capability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the metallographic structure of the aluminum alloy of the invention in an extruded state (example 1).
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the as-extruded metallographic structure of the aluminum alloy of the invention (example 2).
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the as-extruded metallographic structure of the aluminum alloy of the invention (example 3).
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the as-extruded metallographic structure of the aluminum alloy of the invention (example 4).
FIG. 5 is a report of performance tests on aluminum alloys in various examples of the present application.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.
The instruments, reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are conventional instruments, reagents, materials and the like in the prior art and are commercially available in a normal manner unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods, detection methods, and the like described in the following examples are conventional experimental methods, detection methods, and the like in the prior art.
| Example (b) | Zn(％) | Mg(％) | Sn(％) | Mn(％) | Impurity (%) | Aluminum (%) |
| Example 1 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.3 | ≤0.01 | Balance of |
| Example 2 | 5.5 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 0.4 | ≤0.01 | Balance of |
| Example 3 | 6.5 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 0.4 | ≤0.01 | Balance of |
| Example 4 | 7.0 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | ≤0.01 | Balance of |
Example 1:
the aluminum alloy material of the present invention was obtained according to the composition ratios of example 1 in the above table by the following method:
according to the component proportion of the embodiment, the aluminum alloy material is obtained by the following method:
(1) alloy smelting and casting: preheating pure Al, pure Zn, pure Mg and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy at 150 ℃ for 25 minutes, and preheating pure Sn at 100 ℃ for 30 minutes; heating pure aluminum in a resistance furnace, preserving heat at 700 ℃ to completely melt the master batch, then adding preheated pure Zn, pure Sn, pure Al and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy, heating to 730 ℃, preserving heat for 30 minutes, stirring uniformly after alloying elements are completely melted, standing, preserving heat for 20 minutes, cooling to 690 ℃, and casting into ingots;
(2) extrusion processing of the alloy: machining the cast ingot to a proper size, then carrying out solid solution at 310 ℃ for 12h, heating to 590 ℃ for solid solution for 8h, finally carrying out extrusion forming on the cast ingot on an extruder, and cooling to room temperature in the air.
(3) The heat treatment process of the extruded material comprises the following steps: a two-stage aging process (T5) is adopted, and the aging is firstly carried out for 24h at 60 ℃, then the aging is carried out for 8h at 160 ℃, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
Example 2:
the aluminum alloy material of the present invention was obtained according to the composition ratios of example 2 in the above table by the following method:
according to the component proportion of the embodiment, the aluminum alloy material is obtained by the following method:
(1) alloy smelting and casting: preheating pure Al, pure Zn, pure Mg and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy at 160 ℃ for 25 minutes, and preheating pure Sn at 120 ℃ for 25 minutes; heating pure aluminum in a resistance furnace, preserving heat at 720 ℃ to completely melt the master batch, then adding preheated pure Zn, pure Sn, pure Al and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy, heating to 740 ℃, preserving heat for 25 minutes, stirring uniformly after alloying elements are completely melted, standing and preserving heat for 20 minutes, cooling to 700 ℃, and casting into ingots;
(2) extrusion processing of the alloy: machining the cast ingot to a proper size, then performing solid solution for 10 hours at 320 ℃, then heating to 560 ℃ to perform solid solution for 6 hours, finally performing extrusion forming on an extruder, and cooling to room temperature in air.
(3) The heat treatment process of the extruded material comprises the following steps: a two-stage aging process (T5) is adopted, and the aging is firstly carried out for 16h at 70 ℃, then the aging is carried out for 6h at 180 ℃, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
Example 3:
the aluminum alloy material of the present invention was obtained according to the composition ratios of example 3 in the above table by the following method:
according to the component proportion of the embodiment, the aluminum alloy material is obtained by the following method:
(1) alloy smelting and casting: preheating pure Al, pure Zn, pure Mg and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy at 190 ℃ for 20 minutes, and preheating pure Sn at 130 ℃ for 20 minutes; heating pure aluminum in a resistance furnace, preserving heat at 710 ℃ to completely melt the master batch, then adding preheated pure Zn, pure Sn, pure Al and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy, heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 20 minutes, stirring uniformly after alloying elements are completely melted, standing and preserving heat for 20 minutes, cooling to 710 ℃, and casting into ingots;
(2) extrusion processing of the alloy: machining the cast ingot to a proper size, then performing solid solution for 10 hours at 350 ℃, then heating to 570 ℃ to perform solid solution for 4 hours, finally performing extrusion forming on an extruder, and cooling to room temperature in the air.
(3) The heat treatment process of the extruded material comprises the following steps: a two-stage aging process (T5) is adopted, and the aging is firstly carried out for 8h at 80 ℃, then the aging is carried out for 4h at 170 ℃, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
Example 4:
the aluminum alloy material of the present invention was obtained according to the composition ratios of example 4 in the above table by the following method:
(1) alloy smelting and casting: preheating pure Al, pure Zn, pure Mg and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy at 200 ℃ for 22 minutes, and preheating pure Sn at 150 ℃ for 22 minutes; heating pure aluminum in a resistance furnace, preserving heat at 715 ℃ to completely melt the master batch, then adding preheated pure Zn, pure Sn, pure Al and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy, heating to 735 ℃, preserving heat for 22 minutes, stirring uniformly after alloying elements are completely melted, standing, preserving heat for 20 minutes, cooling to 695 ℃, and casting into ingots;
(2) extrusion processing of the alloy: machining the cast ingot to a proper size, then carrying out solid solution for 2 hours at 340 ℃, heating to 580 ℃ for solid solution for 2 hours, finally carrying out extrusion forming on the cast ingot on an extruder, and cooling to room temperature in the air.
(3) The heat treatment process of the extruded material comprises the following steps: a two-stage aging process (T5) is adopted, and the aging is firstly carried out for 4h at 75 ℃, then the aging is carried out for 1h at 170 ℃, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
The room temperature mechanical properties of the extrusion state and the heat treatment state of the examples 1 to 4 of the present invention are shown in table 1.
| Alloy (I) | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| |
648 | 650 | 655 | 635 |
| Yield strength | 551 | 555 | 578 | 554 |
| Elongation percentage | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 10.4 |
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, it can be seen from the photographs of the metallographic structure in the extruded state of examples 1 to 4 that the alloy was completely dynamically recrystallized to form uniform equiaxed grains.
The results of the examples show that the aluminum alloy of the invention can obtain high strength and excellent plasticity under the conditions of cast state and extruded state, does not contain precious metal elements and has good extrusion performance and formability.
Claims (5)
1. A high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Sn-Mn series aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 5.0 to 7.0 percent; mg: 2.0 to 3.0 percent; sn: 0.5-1.0%; mn: 0.3 to 0.6 percent; zr: 0.2 to 0.4 percent; sb: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; be: 0.1-0.2% and Cr: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
2. The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Sn-Mn series aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized by comprising, in mass percent: zn: 6.5 percent; mg: 2.5 percent; sn: 0.8 percent; mn: 0.4 percent; zr: 0.2 percent; sb: 0.2 percent; be: 0.2% and Cr: 0.2 percent; al is the rest, and impurities are less than 0.01 percent.
3. The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Sn-Mn series aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is obtained by the following processing method:
step 1, alloy smelting and casting: preheating pure Al, pure Zn, pure Mg and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy for 20-30 minutes at the temperature of 150-200 ℃, and preheating pure Sn for 20-30 minutes at the temperature of 100-150 ℃; heating pure aluminum in a resistance furnace, preserving heat at 700-720 ℃ to completely melt the master batch, then adding preheated pure Zn, pure Sn, pure Al and Al-10 wt% of Mn intermediate alloy, heating to 730-750 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30 minutes, cooling to 690-710 ℃ after alloying elements are completely melted, stirring uniformly, standing, preserving heat for 20 minutes, and casting into ingots;
step 2, extrusion processing of the alloy: machining the cast ingot to a proper size, then performing solid solution at 310-350 ℃ for 2-12 h, heating to 560-590 ℃ for solid solution for 2-8 h, finally performing extrusion forming on an extruder, and performing air cooling to room temperature;
step 3, a heat treatment process of the extruded material: a two-stage aging process (T5) is adopted, aging is carried out for 4-24 h at 60-80 ℃, then aging is carried out for 1-8 h at 160-180 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
4. The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Sn-Mn series aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is obtained by the following processing method:
step 1, alloy smelting and casting: preheating pure Al, pure Mg, pure Zn and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy at 160 ℃ for 25 minutes, and preheating pure Sn at 120 ℃ for 25 minutes; heating pure aluminum in a resistance furnace, preserving heat at 720 ℃ to completely melt the master batch, then adding preheated pure Zn, pure Sn, pure Mg and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy, heating to 740 ℃, preserving heat for 25 minutes, stirring uniformly after alloying elements are completely melted, standing, preserving heat for 20 minutes, cooling to 700 ℃, and casting into ingots;
step 2, extrusion processing of the alloy: machining the cast ingot to a proper size, then dissolving the cast ingot for 10 hours at 400 ℃, and then performing solid solutionHeating to 560 ℃ for solid solution for 6h, and finally extruding and molding on an extruder at the extrusion speed of 1.2mm s-1Air cooling to room temperature at an extrusion ratio of 10;
step 3, a heat treatment process of the extruded material: the method adopts a two-stage aging process, and comprises the steps of aging at 70 ℃ for 16h, aging at 180 ℃ for 6h, and cooling in air to room temperature.
5. The method of processing a high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Sn-Mn series aluminum alloy according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, alloy smelting and casting: preheating pure Al, pure Zn, pure Mg and Al-10 wt% Mn intermediate alloy for 20-30 minutes at the temperature of 150-200 ℃, and preheating pure Sn for 20-30 minutes at the temperature of 100-150 ℃; heating pure aluminum in a resistance furnace, preserving heat at 700-720 ℃ to completely melt the master batch, then adding preheated pure Zn, pure Sn, pure Al and Al-10 wt% of Mn intermediate alloy, heating to 730-750 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30 minutes, cooling to 690-710 ℃ after alloying elements are completely melted, stirring uniformly, standing, preserving heat for 20 minutes, and casting into ingots;
step 2, extrusion processing of the alloy: machining the cast ingot to a proper size, then performing solid solution at 310-350 ℃ for 2-12 h, heating to 560-590 ℃ for solid solution for 2-8 h, finally performing extrusion forming on an extruder, and performing air cooling to room temperature;
step 3, a heat treatment process of the extruded material: a two-stage aging process (T5) is adopted, aging is carried out for 4-24 h at 60-80 ℃, then aging is carried out for 1-8 h at 160-180 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
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| CN114875284A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-09 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115433860A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-12-06 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | High-performance heat-resistant extruded rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115433860B (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-09-19 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | High-performance heat-resistant extrusion rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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