CN114540574A - Electric furnace smelting method for cold charging direct reduced iron - Google Patents
Electric furnace smelting method for cold charging direct reduced iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN114540574A CN114540574A CN202210005181.1A CN202210005181A CN114540574A CN 114540574 A CN114540574 A CN 114540574A CN 202210005181 A CN202210005181 A CN 202210005181A CN 114540574 A CN114540574 A CN 114540574A
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- furnace
- electric arc
- electric
- arc furnace
- smelting
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular oxygen Chemical compound C.O=O CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001341 Crude steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 furnace burden Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/54—Processes yielding slags of special composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric furnace smelting method of cold charging direct reduced iron, which comprises the following steps: adding a mixed metal material consisting of scrap steel and direct reduced iron into an electric arc furnace, and smelting the metal material by adopting the electric arc furnace; the direct reduced iron in the mixed metal material is cold-charged; the specific process of smelting the mixed metal material by adopting an electric arc furnace comprises the following steps: entering an arc starting period, and supplying power to the electric arc furnace by adopting low-grade power; after the arc striking period is finished, entering a melting period, continuously supplying power to the scrap steel by adopting high-grade power, and preheating the scrap steel by adopting a furnace wall burner; when the electric arc furnace is powered to 75-85% mixed metal materials are melted, a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen to spray carbon to make foam slag until the melting period is finished; after the melting period is finished, adopting high-grade power to continuously supply power to the electric arc furnace for heating, and adopting a carbon-oxygen gun to supply oxygen and spray carbon to make foamed slag; and finishing smelting until the power consumption meets the requirement, and executing tapping operation. The energy efficiency is improved, the electric energy and the electrode consumption of electric furnace smelting can be reduced, and the smelting cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to an electric furnace smelting method of cold charging direct reduced iron.
Background
The carbon emission of the steel industry accounts for about 15% of the total carbon emission of China, the long-flow steelmaking process of a blast furnace-converter accounts for 90%, and the carbon emission is more than 3 times of that of short-flow steelmaking of an electric furnace, so that the development of the short-flow electric furnace process has important significance for the green development of the future steel process. However, the supply of the steel scraps is insufficient and the price is too high at present, so that the short-flow raw material supply cannot be effectively supported. Therefore, the process for producing the crude steel by the direct reduced iron and electric furnace through the gas-based reduction (including hydrometallurgy) shaft furnace is an important way for solving the problems of insufficient waste steel raw materials and reducing the emission of carbon of steel per ton, and leads the development of the steelmaking process flow in the future.
At present, most domestic steel enterprises still rarely adopt direct reduced iron as a raw material and adopt an electric furnace smelting method to produce crude steel, so that the electric furnace smelting method using the direct reduced iron as the raw material is provided, and the method has important significance for adapting to the influence of the change of metal raw materials on the electric furnace smelting process. The patent CN 10775460A discloses an electric furnace steelmaking method using 100% low-quality tunnel kiln direct reduced iron as a raw material, the invention takes 85% -95% of melting rate of the direct reduced iron as a node, and reasonably adds main and auxiliary materials such as furnace burden, solvent and the like, although the invention can guide the electric furnace production to a certain extent, the specific procedures of power supply, carbon supply, oxygen supply and the like are not described in detail, so that a more detailed electric furnace steelmaking method using the direct reduced iron as a main raw material is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the electric furnace smelting method for cold charging direct reduced iron aiming at the defects in the prior art, so that the energy efficiency is improved, the electric energy and electrode consumption of electric furnace smelting can be reduced, and the smelting cost is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an electric furnace smelting method of cold charging direct reduced iron comprises the following steps: before power supply, adding a mixed metal material consisting of scrap steel and direct reduced iron into an electric arc furnace, and smelting the mixed metal material by adopting an ultrahigh-power electric arc furnace; the direct reduced iron in the mixed metal material is cold charged, and the mixed metal material smelting process is divided into three stages, namely an arc striking stage, a melting stage and an oxidation heating stage;
the specific process of smelting the mixed metal material by adopting an electric arc furnace comprises the following steps:
step 1, entering an arc starting period, and supplying power to an electric arc furnace by adopting low-grade power;
step 2, after the arc striking period is finished, entering a melting period, continuously supplying power to the electric arc furnace by adopting high-grade power, and preheating scrap steel by adopting a furnace wall burner;
step 3, when the electric arc furnace is powered to 75-85% of the mixed metal material is melted (the optimal selection is that 80% of the mixed metal material is melted), a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen to spray carbon to make foam slag until the melting period is finished;
step 4, after the melting period is finished, adopting high-grade power to continuously supply power to the electric arc furnace for heating, and adopting a carbon-oxygen gun to supply oxygen to spray carbon to make foamed slag;
and 5, finishing smelting until the power consumption of the electric arc furnace meets the requirement, and executing tapping operation.
According to the technical scheme, the proportion of the scrap steel in the added mixed metal material is 40-60%, the proportion of the direct reduced iron is 40-60%, and the direct reduced iron is cold-packed.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 3, after ton steel electric energy consumption of the electric arc furnace (the ton steel electric energy consumption specifically refers to the ratio of the electric energy consumption reached by the power supply of the electric arc furnace divided by the actual steel tapping amount of the electric arc furnace and the total adding amount of the waste steel at the moment) is 260-300 kWh/t, furnace wall burner operation is stopped, the electric arc furnace enters the final stage of melting, and a carbon-oxygen lance is started to supply oxygen to spray carbon for foam slag making.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 3, the carbon spraying and slagging time is controlled to be 4-6 min at the final stage of melting, and the spraying flow rate of the sprayed powder is 30-50 kg/min.
According to the technical scheme, when the ton steel power consumption of the electric arc furnace reaches 340-380 kWh/t, the first ladle of furnace burden is melted; and (3) after the first package of mixed metal furnace burden is melted, adding a second package of furnace burden, and repeating the steps 1-3 until the ton steel power consumption of the electric arc furnace reaches 340-380 kWh/t, and finishing the melting stage.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 4, after the melting period is finished, a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen to spray carbon to produce foam slag, the spraying flow rate of the sprayed powder is 60-80 kg/min, and the carbon powder spraying time is 9-11 min.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 5, after the ton steel power consumption of the electric arc furnace reaches 440-470 kWh/t, the smelting is finished, and the tapping operation is executed.
According to the technical scheme, the total amount of the blown carbon powder is 8-10 kg/t molten steel.
According to the technical scheme, lime and dolomite are added in batches in the whole smelting process, the addition amount of the lime is 40-50 kg/t molten steel, and the addition amount of the dolomite is 25-35 kg/t molten steel.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 1, the low-grade power is 35% -45% of the rated power of a transformer for supplying power to the electric arc furnace;
in said steps 2 and 4, the high-grade power is 60% -70% of the rated power of the transformer powering the electric arc furnace.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention is beneficial to improving the energy efficiency by controlling a reasonable carbon supply system and a reasonable power supply system, can reduce the electric energy and the electrode consumption of electric furnace smelting, and reduces the smelting cost; the technical scheme is provided for adapting to a novel low-carbon steelmaking short-flow process.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The electric furnace smelting method for the cold charging direct reduced iron in one embodiment provided by the invention comprises the following steps: before power supply, adding a mixed metal material consisting of scrap steel and direct reduced iron into an electric arc furnace, and smelting the mixed metal material by adopting an ultrahigh power electric arc furnace; the direct reduced iron in the mixed metal material is cold charged, and the mixed metal material smelting process is divided into three stages, namely an arc striking stage, a melting stage and an oxidation heating stage;
the specific process of smelting the mixed metal material by adopting an electric arc furnace comprises the following steps:
step 1, entering an arc starting period, and supplying power to an electric arc furnace by adopting low-grade power;
step 2, after the arc striking period is finished, entering a melting period, continuously supplying power to the electric arc furnace by adopting high-grade power, and preheating scrap steel by adopting a furnace wall burner;
step 3, when the electric arc furnace is powered to 75-85% of the mixed metal material is melted (the optimal selection is that 80% of the mixed metal material is melted), a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen to spray carbon to make foam slag until the melting period is finished;
step 4, after the melting period is finished, adopting high-grade power to continuously supply power and raise the temperature for the electric arc furnace, and adopting a carbon-oxygen gun to supply oxygen and spray carbon to make foam slag;
and 5, finishing smelting until the power consumption of the electric arc furnace meets the requirement, and executing tapping operation.
Furthermore, the proportion of the scrap steel in the added mixed metal material is 40-60%, the proportion of the direct reduced iron is 40-60%, and the direct reduced iron is cold-packed.
Further, in the step 3, after ton steel electric energy consumption of the electric arc furnace (ton steel electric energy consumption specifically refers to the ratio of the electric energy consumption reached by the power supply of the electric arc furnace divided by the actual steel tapping amount of the electric arc furnace and the total adding amount of the waste steel at the moment) is 260-300 kWh/t, the furnace wall burner operation is stopped, the electric arc furnace enters the final stage of melting, and a carbon-oxygen lance is started to supply oxygen to spray carbon for foam slag production.
Further, in the step 3, the carbon spraying and slagging time in the final stage of melting is controlled to be 4-6 min, and the spraying flow rate of the sprayed powder is 30-50 kg/min.
Further, when the ton steel power consumption of the electric arc furnace reaches 340-380 kWh/t, the melting of the first package of mixed metal furnace burden is finished; and (3) after the first package of mixed metal furnace burden is melted, adding a second package of mixed metal furnace burden, and repeating the step (1) to the step (3) until the ton steel power consumption of the electric arc furnace reaches 340-380 kWh/t, and finishing the melting stage.
Further, in the step 4, after the melting period is over, a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen to spray carbon to produce foam slag, the spraying flow rate of the sprayed powder is 60-80 kg/min, and the carbon powder spraying time is 9-11 min.
Further, in the step 5, when the ton steel power consumption of the electric arc furnace reaches 440-470 kWh/t, the smelting is finished, and the tapping operation is executed.
Further, the total amount of the blown carbon powder is 8-10 kg/t molten steel.
Furthermore, in the whole smelting process, lime and dolomite are added in batches, the addition amount of the lime is 40-50 kg/t molten steel (namely, 40-50 kg of lime is consumed by each ton of molten steel), and the addition amount of the dolomite is 25-35 kg/t molten steel (namely, 25-35 kg of dolomite is consumed by each ton of molten steel).
In one embodiment of the invention, the electric furnace comprises the following ingredients: the smelting steel is taken as common carbon structural steel, and particularly, the invention provides a smelting method of a cold charging direct reduction iron electric arc furnace, which comprises the following steps;
1. charging scrap steel and direct reduced iron into an electric arc furnace, and then supplying power to the electric arc furnace;
wherein, the raw materials of 50 percent of scrap steel and 50 percent of direct reduced iron are loaded before power supply, a first coating flux is added after power supply and arc striking, the amount of lime and dolomite added per minute is 500-1000 kg, and furnace wall burners are adopted for preheating and cutting the scrap steel;
2. and when the power consumption of the ton steel reaches 360kWh/t, ending the carbon injection, starting adding the second furnace burden, wherein the melting process of the second furnace burden is the same as that of the first furnace.
3. And after the two furnaces are used for adding the waste steel, when power is supplied to each ton of steel to consume 360kWh/t, the melting period is ended, and carbon powder is injected into the electric furnace at the flow rate of 72kg/min for 10 min. And when the electric consumption of each ton of steel reaches 455kWh/t, finishing carbon spraying and carrying out tapping operation.
TABLE 1 electric furnace smelting parameters
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and certainly, the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby, and therefore, the present invention is not limited by the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An electric furnace smelting method of cold charging direct reduced iron is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding a mixed metal material consisting of scrap steel and direct reduced iron into an electric arc furnace, and smelting the mixed metal material by adopting the electric arc furnace; the direct reduced iron in the mixed metal material is cold-charged;
the specific process of smelting the mixed metal material by adopting an electric arc furnace comprises the following steps:
step 1, entering an arc starting period, and supplying power to an electric arc furnace by adopting low-grade power;
step 2, after the arc striking period is finished, entering a melting period, continuously supplying power to the electric arc furnace by adopting high-grade power, and preheating scrap steel by adopting a furnace wall burner;
step 3, when the electric arc furnace is powered to 75-85% of the mixed metal material is melted, a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen to spray carbon for foam slag making until the melting period is finished;
step 4, after the melting period is finished, adopting high-grade power to continuously supply power and raise the temperature for the electric arc furnace, and adopting a carbon-oxygen gun to supply oxygen and spray carbon to make foam slag;
and 5, finishing smelting until the power consumption of the electric arc furnace meets the requirement, and executing tapping operation.
2. The electric furnace smelting method for cold-charged dri according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of scrap steel in the mixed metal charge is 40-60% and the ratio of dri is 40-60%.
3. The electric furnace smelting method for cold-charged direct reduced iron according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, after the ton steel electric energy consumption of the electric arc furnace is 260-300 kWh/t, the furnace wall burner operation is stopped, the electric arc furnace enters the final stage of melting, and carbon oxygen lance oxygen supply and carbon spraying are started to produce the foamed slag.
4. The electric furnace smelting method for cold charging of direct reduced iron according to claim 3, wherein in the step 3, the time for carbon spraying and slag forming at the final stage of melting is controlled to be 4 to 6min, and the flow rate of spraying powder is 30 to 50 kg/min.
5. The electric furnace smelting method for cold-charged direct reduced iron according to claim 4, wherein the melting of the first batch of mixed metal charge is completed when the ton steel power consumption of the electric arc furnace reaches 340-380 kWh/t; and (4) adding a second package mixed metal furnace charge, repeating the step (1) to the step (3) until the ton steel power consumption of the electric arc furnace reaches 340-380 kWh/t, and ending the melting stage.
6. The electric furnace smelting method for cold charging direct reduced iron according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, after the melting period is over, a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen to spray carbon to produce foam slag, the spraying flow rate of the sprayed powder is 60-80 kg/min, and the carbon powder spraying time is 9-11 min.
7. The method for smelting a cold-charged direct reduced iron according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, after the ton-steel power consumption of the electric arc furnace reaches 440 to 470kWh/t, the smelting is finished and a tapping operation is performed.
8. The electric furnace smelting method for cold charging direct reduced iron according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of the blowing carbon powder is 8 to 10kg/t molten steel.
9. The electric furnace smelting method of cold-charged direct reduced iron according to claim 1, wherein lime and dolomite are added in batches in the whole smelting process, the addition amount of the lime is 40 to 50kg/t molten steel, and the addition amount of the dolomite is 25 to 35kg/t molten steel.
10. The electric furnace smelting method for cold-charged direct reduced iron according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the low-grade power is 35% to 45% of the rated power of a transformer for supplying power to the electric arc furnace;
in said steps 2 and 4, the high-grade power is 60% -70% of the rated power of the transformer powering the electric arc furnace.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210005181.1A CN114540574A (en) | 2022-01-05 | 2022-01-05 | Electric furnace smelting method for cold charging direct reduced iron |
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| CN202210005181.1A CN114540574A (en) | 2022-01-05 | 2022-01-05 | Electric furnace smelting method for cold charging direct reduced iron |
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| CN114540574A true CN114540574A (en) | 2022-05-27 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112430705A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-02 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Full scrap steel smelting method and equipment based on electric arc furnace |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112430705A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-02 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Full scrap steel smelting method and equipment based on electric arc furnace |
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Application publication date: 20220527 |