CN114535608B - Multi-piece same-cabin part arrangement and scanning strategy for selective laser melting strip-shaped structure - Google Patents
Multi-piece same-cabin part arrangement and scanning strategy for selective laser melting strip-shaped structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114535608B CN114535608B CN202210181011.9A CN202210181011A CN114535608B CN 114535608 B CN114535608 B CN 114535608B CN 202210181011 A CN202210181011 A CN 202210181011A CN 114535608 B CN114535608 B CN 114535608B
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
- B22F10/322—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a multi-piece same-cabin part arrangement and scanning strategy of a selective laser melting strip-shaped structure, which comprises a multi-laser arrangement, part placement and laser collaborative scanning strategy of selective melting additive manufacturing equipment related to the method. When the number of the cabins is not less than 4, the cabins are distributed at equal intervals, so that the utilization rate of the equipment space is improved; the number of lasers is determined according to the number of parts, the number of lasers is 2-4 times of the number of the parts, the number of effective lap joint areas is minimum, the debugging time is shortened, and the material-increasing forming efficiency is improved; to the interference problem that splashes that many pieces were printed in same cabin, this patent has proposed full upwind, and many laser syntropy, asynchronous scanning tactics, solves the mutual interconnection problem of splashing in same cabin of many pieces, has guaranteed the shaping quality. The manufacturing method can realize the same-cabin and same-strategy manufacturing of more than 4 strip-shaped products while ensuring the product quality, so that the manufacturing efficiency is improved to more than 400%, and the additive forming cost is reduced by 60%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and relates to a strategy for arranging and scanning multiple parts in the same cabin of a selected area laser melting strip structure.
Background
The selective laser melting is a metal additive manufacturing technology which is most widely applied at present, and the layer-by-layer processing and manufacturing of metal parts can be realized by adopting a powder bed melting mode, so that the forming structure is complex, and the manufacturing efficiency is high. The selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology can realize the rapid manufacturing of integrated, light and functional structures, is gradually applied to the fields of aerospace, military industry, medical treatment, grinding tool manufacturing and the like, particularly the aerospace field, and is currently used in China, namely China astronautics industry groups, china astronautics science and technology groups and China aviation industry groups. In the aviation and aerospace fields, the strip-shaped structure is a typical product, such as wing-like and truss-like structures (fig. 1 a-b), and the related art is currently subjected to preliminary verification, and the strip-shaped structure enters a mass manufacturing stage in the future. How to improve the manufacturing efficiency of the strip-shaped structure product and reduce the manufacturing cost is the key point of the subsequent research.
The characteristics of the strip-shaped structure for aerospace are specifically analyzed, the length of the strip-shaped structure is generally over 650mm, the width of the strip-shaped structure is smaller than 60mm, and the length-width dimension ratio of the strip-shaped structure is larger than 10. The selective laser melting technical equipment is divided into small-sized, medium-sized, large-sized and custom-made type, the small-sized equipment is generally 250mm multiplied by 250mm, the medium-sized equipment is generally 450mm multiplied by 450mm, the large-sized equipment is generally 650mm multiplied by 650mm, the custom-made type is the size customized according to the requirement, and the size of the strip-shaped structure belongs to the custom-made type of selective laser melting. Since the effective acting size of the single laser is smaller than 450mm, the size of the strip structure exceeds 600mm, and the strip structure must be manufactured by adopting a multi-laser technology. In the early development process, the basic conditions of the selective laser melting equipment are as follows: and the length is 700mm-1000mm, the width is 400mm-600mm, and 2 lasers are arranged along the length direction. The earlier process scheme is that a single-cabin printing piece is adopted, a strip is positioned in the basic center, the layer thickness is 60 mu m, and two-way powder spreading is adopted. In the early stage scheme, the layer thickness, the powder spreading mode, the scanning speed and the like are the limits of equipment, the single-piece additive forming period is about 4 days, but for batch production, the efficiency and the manufacturing cost of the early stage scheme are still higher, and the requirements of the efficiency and the cost control of batch production cannot be met. Therefore, in order to improve the manufacturing efficiency of typical strip products for aviation and aerospace and reduce the production cost, a special solution is necessary to be provided.
To the analysis of strip structure, in order to raise efficiency and reduce cost, there are two general ideas, firstly raise efficiency by increasing layer thickness, and secondly raise efficiency by multiple pieces in the same cabin. For increasing the layer thickness, the currently used 60um layer thickness is already the limit under the existing process system, and continued lifting will lead to a deterioration of the roughness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-piece same-cabin part arrangement and scanning strategy of a selective laser melting strip-shaped structure, so that the same-cabin and same-strategy manufacturing of more than 4 strip-shaped products is realized while the product quality is ensured, and the manufacturing efficiency is improved.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a strategy for arranging and scanning a plurality of parts in the same cabin of a selective laser melting strip structure, which satisfies the following conditions:
multiplex arrangement: a plurality of strip-shaped parts to be processed are distributed at equal intervals along the length direction;
the substrate is selected by melting the material of the substrate and the material of the additive forming;
the optical device is arranged: each strip-shaped part is provided with a plurality of lasers for processing together, the lasers are distributed at equal intervals along the length direction of the strip-shaped part, and the areas of the single laser action areas are the same;
wind direction arrangement: the wind direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the strip-shaped part;
powder spreading direction: two-way powder spreading is adopted, and the powder spreading direction is vertical to the wind direction;
scanning strategy: each strip-shaped part is scanned independently, the scanning direction is the same, the scanning sequence is scanned from the air suction inlet to the air outlet in sequence, and after the previous strip-shaped part finishes the set scanning width, the scanning of the next strip-shaped part is performed; each laser of each strip part is activated and scanned against the wind.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) The additive forming of more than 4 single cabins of the strip structure is realized, the additive forming efficiency is improved to more than 400%, and the additive forming cost is reduced by 60%;
(2) The manufacturing strategy of the multi-piece conditional structure formed by the same cabin material addition is consistent, and the consistency and stability of the product quality are ensured;
(3) Under the same number of lasers, the number of effective lap zones is the smallest, so that on one hand, the debugging time of the lap zones is reduced, and on the other hand, the loss caused by the size and performance deviation of the lap zones is reduced;
(4) The special full upwind and multi-laser homodromous and asynchronous scanning strategy effectively avoids splashing generated in the processed area from falling into the unprocessed area, avoids defects and improves the product quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an aerospace strip, (a) being a wing-like strip part, and (b) being a truss-like strip part.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement and scanning strategy of multiple pieces of same-cabin parts of the selected area laser melting strip structure.
Wherein 1 is an air outlet, 2 is a single laser action area, 3 is a lap joint area, 4 is a strip-shaped part, 5 is an air suction inlet, 6 is a substrate, 7 is a scanned area, 8 is an unscanned area
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
The arrangement and scanning strategy of a plurality of parts in the same cabin of the selective laser melting strip-shaped structure meets the following design steps:
step 1: multiplex arrangement: the size of the cabin body of the selective laser melting equipment is unchanged, the length is 700mm-1000mm, and the width is 400mm-600mm. The number of the strip-shaped parts is not less than 4, the strip-shaped parts 4 are arranged in parallel at equal intervals along the length direction, the interval between the parts and the edge of the substrate 6 is not less than 20mm, and the interval between the parts is not less than 10mm.
Step 2: selecting a substrate: the thickness of the substrate 6 is generally not less than the width of the part, depending on the part, and the material of the substrate 6 is fusible with the material of the additive-formed material.
Step 3: and (5) arranging lasers. The lasers are distributed at equal intervals along the length direction of the strip-shaped parts, the number of the lasers is 2-4 times of the number of the parts, each strip-shaped part 4 is processed by 2-4 lasers, and the areas of the single laser action areas are the same. An overlap region 3 exists between two adjacent lasers of the same strip-shaped part, and under the scheme of the embodiment, the overlap region which is the same as the length direction of the strip-shaped part becomes an effective overlap region, and the overlap region which is vertical to the overlap region is an ineffective overlap region.
Step 4: wind direction arrangement: the air outlets 1 and the air inlets 5 are respectively arranged side by side along the length direction of the substrate, so that the wind direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the strip-shaped part.
Step 5: powder laying direction design: the bidirectional powder spreading strategy is that the powder is spread from one end to the other end according to the length direction of the strip-shaped part 4, and after single-layer scanning is finished, the powder is spread from the other end to one end, namely, the angle between the powder spreading direction and the wind direction is 90 degrees clockwise and 90 degrees anticlockwise.
Step 6: multiple work pieces same strategy planning: instead of conventional full-width-based overall scanning strategy planning, each strip part is defined as an independent individual, so that the scanning strategy of each strip part is the same;
step 7: designing a homodromous and asynchronous scanning strategy: the strip parts in the same cabin are scanned in the same direction but not simultaneously, but are sequentially scanned, the sequence is sequentially processed from the air inlet 5 to the air outlet 1, the time interval for sequential processing is determined by a scanning strategy, and the adjacent next part can be processed in the same width only after the air inlet of the current part is scanned by a certain width, so that splashing generated in the processed area of the previous part is prevented from drifting to the surface of the powder bed of the adjacent unprocessed part. Referring to fig. 2, the part of the previous part near the air intake 5 is scanned first, and when the scanned area 7 reaches the set width, the adjacent part starts scanning, and 8 is the non-scanned area.
Step 8: designing a full upwind scanning strategy: for each strip part, each laser is scanned against the wind field direction. A plurality of lasers for processing a certain strip-shaped part are started simultaneously; the scanning direction of each laser must be in a full upwind scanning strategy, i.e. the scanning direction is 90-270 degrees anticlockwise (excluding two end points) with respect to the wind direction, i.e. an angle is formed with respect to the length direction of the strip-shaped part, so that the splash generated in the processed area of the single part is prevented from drifting to the surface of the powder bed of the unprocessed part.
Step 9: a dual laser avoidance strategy was designed. For an asymmetric strip part (such as a wing part in fig. 1 a), the overlap area prohibits dual laser co-scanning, and the distance between adjacent laser processing areas is not less than 10mm.
Step 10: the subsequent process is the same as the conventional scheme, and the pre-treatment, the forming and the post-treatment are carried out. Performing powder and model treatment on the material-increasing pretreatment; the support design for additive forming is the same as the conventional scheme, and the layer thickness is 60um; the material-adding post-treatment comprises powder cleaning, heat treatment, substrate separation, support removal and assembly surface processing.
According to the arrangement and scanning strategy for the multiple same-cabin parts of the selected-area laser melting strip-shaped structure, the number of single cabin is not less than 4, the arrangement strategies are equal in interval between the same cabin, and the space utilization rate is improved; the number of lasers is determined according to the number of parts, and is 2-4 times of the number of the parts, so that the additive forming efficiency is improved; to the interference problem that splashes that many prints in same cabin, this patent has proposed full upwind, many laser syntropy, asynchronous scanning tactics, solves many and splashes in same cabin problem. Through the implementation of this patent, realize being greater than 4 products with the cabin in the same time of guaranteeing product quality, with strategic manufacturing, manufacturing efficiency improves more than 400%. For additive forming, the method comprises two major parts of raw material cost and equipment occupation time cost, wherein the raw material cost accounts for about 25 percent, and the equipment occupation time cost accounts for about 75 percent. Due to the additive forming of 4 pieces in the same cabin, the powder amount can be reduced, and the total cost of the additive forming can be reduced by about 5%; the manufacturing efficiency is improved to be more than 400%, and the total cost of additive forming can be reduced by about 56%; therefore, the method can reduce the total cost of the additive forming by more than 60 percent on the premise of ensuring the quality.
Claims (6)
1. A strategy for arranging and scanning a plurality of parts in the same cabin of a selective laser melting strip structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
multiplex arrangement: a plurality of strip-shaped parts to be processed are distributed at equal intervals along the length direction;
the substrate is selected by melting the material of the substrate and the material of the additive forming;
laser arrangement: each strip-shaped part is provided with a plurality of lasers for processing together, the lasers are distributed at equal intervals along the length direction of the strip-shaped part, and the areas of the single laser action areas are the same;
wind direction arrangement: the wind direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the strip-shaped part;
powder spreading direction: two-way powder spreading is adopted, and the powder spreading direction is vertical to the wind direction;
scanning strategy: each strip-shaped part is scanned independently, the scanning direction is the same, the scanning sequence is scanned from the air suction inlet to the air outlet in sequence, and after the previous strip-shaped part finishes the set scanning width, the scanning of the next strip-shaped part is performed; each laser of each strip part is started simultaneously and is scanned against the wind.
2. The arrangement and scanning strategy of a plurality of identical-cabin parts of a selective laser melting strip structure according to claim 1, wherein for asymmetrical strip parts, the overlapping area is not scanned together by double lasers, and the distance between adjacent laser processing areas is not less than 10mm.
3. The arrangement and scanning strategy of a plurality of pieces of same-cabin parts of a selective laser melting strip-shaped structure according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between the strip-shaped parts is not less than 20mm from the edge of the substrate, and the spacing between the strip-shaped parts is not less than 10mm.
4. The selective laser melting strip structured multiple pieces-in-one part arrangement and scanning strategy of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the substrate is not less than the width of the strip parts.
5. The arrangement and scanning strategy of a plurality of pieces of same-compartment parts of a selective laser melting strip structure according to claim 1, wherein the number of the strip parts is not less than 4.
6. The selective laser melting strip configuration of claim 1 wherein the number of lasers is 2-4 times the number of strip components in the same bin.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210181011.9A CN114535608B (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Multi-piece same-cabin part arrangement and scanning strategy for selective laser melting strip-shaped structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210181011.9A CN114535608B (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Multi-piece same-cabin part arrangement and scanning strategy for selective laser melting strip-shaped structure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114535608A CN114535608A (en) | 2022-05-27 |
| CN114535608B true CN114535608B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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| CN117428210B (en) * | 2023-12-20 | 2024-03-08 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Multi-laser selective fusion lapping method |
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| CN106676514A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-17 | 首都航天机械公司 | Direction-changed gas-blowing method used for laser selective melting and forming |
| CN108941560A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-07 | 中南大学 | A method of it eliminating Rene104 nickel base superalloy laser gain material and manufactures crackle |
| JP2021525309A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-09-24 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | Repair of turbomachinery using laminated molding |
| CN113664225A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2021-11-19 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Selective laser melting and forming control system |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202011003443U1 (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-12-23 | Bego Medical Gmbh | Device for the generative production of three-dimensional components |
| US10583529B2 (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2020-03-10 | Eos Of North America, Inc. | Additive manufacturing method using a plurality of synchronized laser beams |
| DE102017205027A1 (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-27 | SLM Solutions Group AG | Apparatus and method for producing three-dimensional workpieces |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106676514A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-17 | 首都航天机械公司 | Direction-changed gas-blowing method used for laser selective melting and forming |
| JP2021525309A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-09-24 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | Repair of turbomachinery using laminated molding |
| CN108941560A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-07 | 中南大学 | A method of it eliminating Rene104 nickel base superalloy laser gain material and manufactures crackle |
| CN113664225A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2021-11-19 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Selective laser melting and forming control system |
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