CN114534157A - Method and device for fixing heavy metal in situ in deep sea manganese nodule mining process - Google Patents

Method and device for fixing heavy metal in situ in deep sea manganese nodule mining process Download PDF

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CN114534157A
CN114534157A CN202210137585.6A CN202210137585A CN114534157A CN 114534157 A CN114534157 A CN 114534157A CN 202210137585 A CN202210137585 A CN 202210137585A CN 114534157 A CN114534157 A CN 114534157A
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CN114534157B (en
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冯雅丽
刘顺亮
李浩然
吴瑞峰
杨熠
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for fixing heavy metals in situ in the process of exploiting a deep-sea manganese nodule. The method comprises the steps of adjusting the abundance and culturing the microorganisms separated from the deep sea manganese nodule and the sediments at high density, applying the microorganisms to the tailings thrown object of a mining vehicle and the seawater from 600m below the sea surface to the interface of the seabed sediments in the form of bacterial liquid, and treating the surface layer and bottom layer plumes caused by mining the deep sea manganese nodule. The device comprises a mining platform (a mining ship), a mining car, a bacteria liquid multiplication culture and conveying system and the like. The method utilizes the background substances, namely manganese nodule, sediment and seawater, treats the problems of plume, overproof metal and other marine environmental pollution in situ, does not influence marine ecology, and has great significance for marine resource development and ecological protection.

Description

Method and device for fixing heavy metal in situ in deep sea manganese nodule mining process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of submarine mineral resource development, and particularly relates to a method and a device for fixing heavy metals in situ in the process of deep sea manganese nodule mining.
Background
The ocean contains rich biological, mineral and kinetic energy sources, and is a huge resource treasury. In contrast to manganese, it is distributed in minerals such as hydrothermal sulfide deposits (including massive sulfides, multi-metal slime and metal deposit autogenous deposition deposits, rich in various metal elements such as copper, cobalt, zinc, gold, silver, manganese, iron, etc.), multi-metal nodules (manganese nodules, rich in various trace elements such as copper, nickel, cobalt, etc.), cobalt-rich crusts (mainly composed of iron-manganese oxides, rich in metal elements such as manganese, iron, cobalt, platinum, etc.), and the like. Manganese nodules are a high manganese-rich mineral which is deposited on 4000-6000 m seabed sediments on ocean bottom, are in a semi-buried state, contain more than 70 metal elements, are nuclear ores consisting of iron and manganese hydroxide shells surrounding cores, have higher manganese, copper, cobalt and nickel metal grades than land ores, and have huge content, and are attracted attention as human reserve resources.
The water-rock-microorganism ecological system is rich at the water depth of 4000-6000 m, and the formation of manganese nodules and the adsorption and fixation of related associated metals are accelerated by the direct and indirect action of microorganisms. The bacteria have ecological succession along with the change of water-rock-microorganism environment, and Fe and Mn are subjected to alternate conversion of oxidation-reduction-reoxidation, namely the process of reduction dissolution-oxidation fixation-redissolution of iron and manganese oxides. Secondly, the mining of the manganese nodules on the sea bottom is that the manganese nodules and the sediments which are semi-buried in the sediments on the sea bottom are collected by a hydraulic collection device at the front end of the sea bottom ore collection vehicle or a composite collection device consisting of machinery and hydraulic, then the manganese nodules and the sediments with the grain diameter of more than 100mm and less than 2mm are discharged out of the ore collection vehicle as tailings, the nodules are crushed to 20-50 mm by a crushing device in the ore collection vehicle, the ore is conveyed to an offshore mining platform (a mining ship) through an ore-raising conveying device, and in the conveying process of 5000 meters, the friction and impact of the pump and the pipe wall of the ore pumping pipe further reduce the grain size of the nodules, and the ore collecting car operates on the seabed sediments, the disturbance is generated to the sediment, the disturbed sediment, the sediment left after the ore collecting vehicle is broken and fine particle nodules form 'cloud cluster', and the marine organisms are diffused in a certain range to form a bottom layer plume, and the marine organisms in the diffusion range are damaged.
The offshore mining platform (mining ship) further sorts the mixture of the lifted ore, sediment and seawater, and fine particle nodules, sediment and seawater are discharged back into the seawater through a discharge pipe from 600m below the sea surface to the interface of the seabed sediment to form surface layer plume which causes harm to marine organisms; meanwhile, the manganese nodules belong to brittle minerals, the shear strength is about 1.0-5.0 kPa, the Mohs hardness is 1.0-4.0, mechanical breakage and abrasion of the manganese nodules easily occur in the ore collection stage in the mining process, the crushing flow in the ore collection vehicle and the lifting process through two groups of multistage axial flow pumps connected in series, metal ions in the manganese nodules are released, in addition, the bacterial strains in the manganese nodules are used for reducing and dissolving high-valence ferromanganese, and the metal ions in overlying seawater and sediments brought by bottom layer plume are collected (see tables 1 and 2), and taking copper as an example, the copper in a local area can reach 60 mg/L. The upper limit concentration of copper is regulated to be 35mg/L in seawater quality standard (GB3097-1997) and marine sediment quality standard (GB 18668-2002). In summary, it is very important to obtain a method and equipment for treating marine environmental pollution problems such as plume, metal exceeding and the like by using background substances without influencing marine environment.
TABLE 1 analysis results of main and trace elements and rare earth elements in pore water
Figure BDA0003504985590000021
TABLE 2 analysis results (ug/g) of main elements, trace elements and rare earth elements in marine sediments
Figure BDA0003504985590000022
Figure BDA0003504985590000031
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a device for fixing heavy metals in situ, accelerating in-situ mineralization and conserving deep-sea mineral resources in the deep-sea manganese nodule mining process. In-situ strains and tailings (tuberculosis and sediments) are added to realize self utilization of seabed microorganisms, tuberculosis fine particles and organic matters, the microorganisms take the fine particle tuberculosis as a carrier and the core of new tuberculosis, and simultaneously adsorb heavy metal ions such as copper, cobalt, nickel and the like, and under the catalytic action of the microorganisms, low-valence manganese is rapidly oxidized to form manganese dioxide minerals, so that the metal ions such as copper, cobalt, nickel and the like are fixed in the manganese dioxide minerals. The heavy metals originally released by the seawater or released by the seawater due to exploitation can be fixed in situ again, so that the formation of tuberculosis is accelerated, seabed mineral resources are conserved, and meanwhile, the problems of harm, influence on normal propagation and metabolism of ocean bottom biota, species invasion, environmental pollution and the like are not introduced. The microorganism-manganese-iron has flocculation effect to reduce the diffusion of metal ions and damage to benthos caused by bottom layer or surface layer plume; meanwhile, the flocculation effect can agglomerate fine particle manganese nodules obtained by biological oxidation, the mineralization rate is improved, submarine mineral resources are conserved, and the method has extremely important significance for the coordinated and sustainable development of industrial production and ecological environment.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for in-situ immobilization of heavy metals during mining of deep sea manganese nodules, the method comprising the steps of:
s1 strain screening: using the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments 5000-6000 m below the sea surface of different stations as bacteria screening substrates, and screening the deep sea manganese containing oxidizing bacteria on a selective culture medium at the temperature of 0-4 ℃ and the salinity (calculated by NaCl) of 1-8% to obtain a deep sea bacteria liquid; adjusting the abundance of the deep-sea bacterial liquid to obtain a functional bacterial liquid A;
s2 preparing bacterial liquid: taking the deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings on the mining platform as a proliferation culture medium, performing high-density culture to obtain a functional bacterial liquid B, and mixing the functional bacterial liquid B with the deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings according to the proportion of 5-25 wt% to obtain a use bacterial liquid;
s3 bacterial liquid distribution: applying the bacteria liquid to the tailing throwing matter of the ore collecting vehicle, and lowering the ore collecting vehicle into sea water at the interface of 600m below the sea surface and the bottom sediment for treating the surface layer and the bottom layer plumes.
Preferably, the functional bacterial liquid A comprises microbacterium oxydans, brevundimonas vesiculosus, micrococcus fenkelensis, microbacterium aerogenes and other strains (original non-functional strains in seawater).
Preferably, the functional bacterial liquid B comprises microbacterium oxydans, brevundimonas vesiculosus, micrococcus fenkelensis, microbacterium aerogenes and other strains (original non-functional strains in seawater), the mass ratio (the mass ratio refers to the mass percentage of each bacterium in the total amount of the bacteria) is respectively 40% -63%, 5% -17%, 9% -26%, 3% -19% and 2% -5%, and the concentration of each bacterium in the functional bacterial liquid B is approximately 1.0-1.6 multiplied by 10 of microbacterium oxydans10CFU/mL, vesicle Brevundimonas 1.0-2.3 × 109CFU/mL, Fengke fiber Microbacterium 1.5 ~ 8.0 x 109CFU/mL, 1.0-5.0 × 10 Microbacterium aerogen9CFU/mL, pseudomonas 0-8 x 108CFU/mL, 0-7.1 × 10 Microbacterium ankeri9CFU/mL, 0-6.0 x 10 Burkholderia cepacia9CFU/mL, other strains 5.0-9.1 × 108CFU/mL。
Preferably, the manganese oxidizing bacteria include one or more of Brevundimonas vesicularis (Brevundimonas vesicularis), micrococcus finnii (cellulosimibacter funkei), Microbacterium aerogenes (Microbacterium), Microbacterium oxydans (Microbacteriumoxydans), Pseudomonas adaceae, Microbacterium ankerianum and burkholderia cepacia.
Each of the manganese oxide bacteria in the present invention is an existing strain, and the comparative strain used in the high throughput sequencing is derived from the marine microorganism culture collection management center (center address: Mingmen city university No. 178, collection date 2020, 4 months) governed by the third Marine institute of Nature resources, such as Brevundimonas vesiculosus (Brevundimonas vesicularis, collection No. M23390, M23407), Microbacterium cellulosimilis (Cellulosissimus funkei, collection No. M23392), Microbacterium aerogenes (Microbacterium, collection No. M24266, M24441, M24413, M23388, M24440), Microbacterium oxydans (Microbacterium oxydans, collection No. M24265, M2467, M2470, M24441, M24407, M24406, M24412, M24621), Pseudomonas adacea (collection No. M242, M24389), M24389, M24391, and Microbacterium acnes.
Preferably, the inoculation amount of the used bacterial liquid, which is the functional bacterial liquid B, in the manganese nodule tailings is 5-25% (wt).
Preferably, the granularity of the tailings after the deep-sea manganese nodule is sorted is less than or equal to 0.1 mm.
Preferably, the selective medium component is MnSO4·H2O0.2 g/L, yeast extract powder 0.2g/L, (NH)4)2CO3 0.1g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g/L、CaCl2 0.1g/L、K2HPO4 0.1g/L、Na2NO 0.2g/L, peptone 0.8g/L, ferric ammonium citrate 0.03 g/L.
In the present invention, "%" is mass% unless otherwise specified.
The invention also provides a device for fixing heavy metals in situ in the process of mining the deep sea manganese nodule, which comprises a mining platform (a mining ship) and a mining vehicle, wherein the mining platform is provided with a bacteria liquid enrichment culture system, and the bacteria liquid enrichment culture system is connected with the mining vehicle through a bacteria liquid conveying system at the bottom section;
the bacterial liquid enrichment culture system comprises a bacterial liquid storage tank, a bacterial liquid enrichment tank, a bottom layer bacterial liquid mixing and transferring tank, a bacterial liquid flow pump, a bacterial liquid automatic adding control terminal and a bacterial liquid mixing and transferring tank from 600 meters below sea surface to a bottom layer sediment interface section; the strain storage tank, the strain propagation tank and the bottom layer section bacteria liquid mixing and transferring tank are communicated with each other through a pipeline, a bacteria liquid flow pump is arranged on the pipeline, and a bacteria liquid automatic adding control terminal controls the switch of the bacteria liquid flow pump;
the bacterial liquid conveying system comprises a bacterial liquid conveying flow pump, a bacterial liquid conveying pipe, a bacterial liquid pressurizing pump, a conveying hose, a spraying pressurizing pump and a bacterial liquid spraying pipe; the mixed transfer jar of fungus liquid conveyer pipe one end and bottom section fungus liquid is put through putting down the pipe and is connected with fungus liquid transport flow pump, the fungus liquid conveyer pipe other end passes through the fungus liquid booster pump with the delivery hose and is connected, and the delivery hose is connected with the fungus liquid shower, and the fungus liquid shower is connected with spraying the booster pump, set up before the fungus liquid shower of fungus liquid shower and spray the booster pump, make fungus liquid evenly stably spray through the pressure boost on the jettison thing (the particle diameter is greater than 100mm and the particle diameter is less than 20mm fine particle tuberculosis and deposit, can adjust according to mining area manganese nodule particle diameter) that the separator of collection ore car produced, the fungus liquid shower of fungus liquid shower sprays the mouth and sets up outside collection ore car separator.
Further, the device also comprises a discharge pipe, the discharge pipe is connected with a bacterial liquid mixing and lowering tank from 600 meters below the sea surface to the bottom sediment interface section through a lowering pipe, and the discharge pipe is mainly used for spraying the mixed bacterial liquid and tailings after the deep-sea manganese nodules are sorted to 600 meters below the sea surface to the bottom sediment interface according to the actual length of the tailings discharge pipe in the mining system after the mixed bacterial liquid and the tailings are mixed.
Preferably, the number of the bacteria liquid spraying openings is 2-6.
Preferably, the bacterium liquid conveying pipe is a hard pipe with the diameter of 15-20 mm.
The invention not only utilizes the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments at different station positions as the bacteria screening substrate, but also screens out the floras and strains (the floras of manganese oxide and iron formed by the strains such as brevundimonas vesicularis, Microbacterium fenkefiri, Microbacterium aerogenes, Microbacterium oxydans and pseudomonas) with high manganese oxidation efficiency by means of a selective culture medium, and the strains and the floras are stored at the temperature of below 80 ℃ below zero and at the temperature of 4 ℃ on a mining platform (a mining ship). Meanwhile, the enrichment culture system carried by a mining platform (mining ship) is utilized, and the abundance of each strain in the flora is prepared based on different station biodiversity analysis data, so that the functional bacterial liquid A of the microorganism proliferation flora capable of quickly oxidizing manganese and iron is obtained. And (3) activating and carrying out high-density enrichment culture on the functional bacterial liquid A by using tailings obtained after deep sea manganese nodule sorting as an enrichment culture medium to obtain a functional bacterial liquid B.
According to the method, based on different station biodiversity analysis data, microbial floras for rapidly oxidizing low-valence manganese and iron are obtained by adding corresponding strains to allocate the abundance of each strain in the floras, and according to the position difference and specificity formed by the plume, the abundance of manganese oxidation floras and the adsorption characteristic of deep sea manganese nodules, a surface layer plume treatment method and a bottom layer plume treatment method are established on a first generation deep sea manganese nodule mining system, so that the station specific manganese oxidation floras abundance is improved, the station low-valence manganese and iron biological oxidation efficiency is enhanced, and the formation of the deep sea manganese nodules is promoted.
Meanwhile, by virtue of the adsorption characteristic of manganese nodule, heavy metal pollution and plume phenomenon at the station are reduced, so that omnibearing, multi-level and three-dimensional biological oxidation and adsorption fixation of heavy metal are realized, and the environmental problem caused by deep sea mineral exploitation is eliminated. The bottom layer section is additionally provided with a bacterial liquid conveying pipe with the diameter of 15-20 mm through a lifting system (a lifting hard pipe, a hose, a pump and an intermediate ore bin), the bacterial liquid conveying pipe is used for spraying a bacterial liquid obtained by mixing a functional bacterial liquid B and tailings to the surface of a tailings (fine particle nodules and sediments with the particle sizes of more than 100mm and less than 20mm, and can be adjusted according to the particle sizes of manganese nodules in an ore region) generated by a separation device of a mineral collection vehicle, the abundance of the station dominant bacterial strain is improved, the nodules and sediments in the tailings are used as carriers and cores, low-valence manganese and iron ions are oxidized, and metal ions such as copper, cobalt, nickel and the like are fixed and adsorbed at the same time, so that the ore forming process of the nodules is accelerated; and mixing the bacterial liquid B with the tailings to obtain a used bacterial liquid from 600m below the sea surface to a sediment interface, flowing into the sea surface from 600m below the sea surface to a seabed sediment interface through a discharge pipe, and using nodules and sediments as carriers and cores in the sinking process to oxidize low-valence manganese and iron ions and simultaneously fix and adsorb metal ions such as copper, cobalt, nickel and the like, so that the oxidizing capability of the site microorganisms on the low-valence manganese and iron and the adsorption efficiency on heavy metals are enhanced, namely the nodules are used as core substances to accelerate the mineralization of the manganese nodules. Through the in-situ treatment from 600m below the sea surface to the interface section of the sediment and the bottom layer section, the metal ions released in the nodules or the nodules being formed are fixed in situ again due to the mutual friction between the collector trucks and the axial flow pump in the processes of impact, shearing, friction, extrusion or lifting, the problem of metal ion diffusion caused by the plume of the surface layer and the bottom layer is reduced, the damage to the benthos is reduced, the tailings and the sediments discharged by the seabed collector trucks are selected on the ship and are used as cores and nutrients, low-price manganese and iron are oxidized under the catalysis of microorganisms, and meanwhile, the metal ions such as copper, cobalt, nickel and the like are fixed and adsorbed, the rate of forming is increased, and the seabed mineral resources are conserved.
The bacteria liquid involved in the process of in-situ fixing the heavy metal can be divided into deep-sea bacteria liquid, functional bacteria liquid A, functional bacteria liquid B and using bacteria liquid with different concentrations. The deep sea bacterial liquid is manganese and iron oxidizing flora cultured by using a screening culture medium and taking manganese nodules and sediments at different stations as substrates; the method comprises the following steps of (1) improving abundance of manganese oxide and iron strains in a flora by blending deep sea bacterial liquid to obtain functional bacterial liquid A for quickly oxidizing manganese and iron; the functional bacterial liquid B is obtained by taking tailings after deep-sea manganese nodule sorting as a proliferation culture medium to perform proliferation culture on the functional bacterial liquid A; the bacteria solution is obtained by mixing the functional bacteria solution B and tailings of the deep-sea manganese nodule after being selected according to different proportions.
The tuberculosis and the sediment which are used as biological carriers are divided into a bottom layer section and a boundary section from 600m below the sea surface to the bottom sediment. Wherein the bottom layer is mainly from tailings (fine particle nodules and sediments with the particle size of more than 100mm and less than 20mm, which can be adjusted according to the particle size of manganese nodules in a mining area) generated by a separation device of the ore collection vehicle; the interface section from 600m below the sea surface to the seabed sediment is mainly derived from deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings generated after the manganese nodule roughing by a mining platform, and the grain size is less than 0.1 mm.
The bacterial liquid adding system is divided into a bottom layer section and an interface section from 600m below the sea surface to the bottom sediment. The bottom layer section is mainly characterized in that the bacteria liquid is directly transferred through a bacteria liquid conveying pipe with the diameter of 15-20 mm for use, is sprayed to the surface of a tailing throwing object of the ore collecting vehicle and then is discharged to the seabed, the effect of bottom layer plume is reduced, and the harm to organisms in the seawater is reduced. The interface section from 600m below the sea surface to the bottom sediment is mainly characterized in that functional bacteria liquid B is mixed with deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings (nodules and sediments) on a mining platform (a mining ship), and the mixture is placed to the interface from 600m below the sea surface to the bottom sediment through a discharge pipe, so that the effect of surface layer or bottom layer plumes and heavy metals is reduced, and the harm to organisms in the sea water is reduced.
The bacterial liquid adding flow control system is adaptively adjusted according to the solid phase quantity of the bottom layer section, the interface section from 600 meters below the sea surface to the seabed sediments and the high-throughput sequencing result of an underwater cable-controlled submersible vehicle (ROV) sample.
In the invention, the biological proliferation flora mainly comprises seven main manganese oxidation strains of shortwave vesicle unicellular bacteria (M23390, M23407), Microbacterium fenkei M23392, Microbacterium aerogenes (M24266, M24441, M24413, M23388, M24440), Microbacterium oxydans (M24265, M24267, M24270, M24441, M24407, M24406, M24412 and M24621), pseudomonas (M24386, M24389 and M24391), Microbacterium ankeri and Burkholderia cepacia.
The volume ratio of the microbacterium oxydans in the biological proliferation flora is more than 40 percent (wt), and the abundance values of the other six strains are correspondingly supplemented mainly according to the site biological high-throughput test result or the site heavy metal type and grade content.
In the invention, a bacteria liquid spraying pipe with 2-6 bacteria liquid spraying openings uniformly distributed is arranged outside the ore collecting vehicle separation device, so that bacteria liquid is uniformly sprayed on nodules and sediments under the driving of the bacteria liquid booster pump and the spraying booster pump. Finally, the mixture flows back to the seabed so as to achieve the purpose of enhancing the abundance of the dominant flora. Meanwhile, the tuberculosis has the characteristic of heavy metal adsorption and is used as the core of the tuberculosis, so that the formation of the tuberculosis is accelerated, and deep sea mineral resources are conserved.
The bacterial liquid conveying pipe is mainly a hard pipe with the inner diameter of 15-20 mm attached to a lifting system and is connected with a spraying pipe outside the separation device on the mining platform and the mining vehicle.
The enrichment culture system on the mining platform consists of a strain storage tank, a strain enrichment tank, a bacteria liquid mixing and transferring tank, a bacteria liquid flow pump and an automatic bacteria liquid adding control terminal.
The bacteria liquid is prepared from the bacteria proliferation tank according to a certain proportion and is pumped into the bacteria liquid mixing and transferring tank for later use.
The bottom-layer section bacterial liquid conveying system comprises a bacterial liquid conveying flow pump, a bacterial liquid conveying pipe, a bacterial liquid pressurizing pump, a conveying hose, a spraying pressurizing pump and a bacterial liquid spraying pipe.
The bacteria liquid conveying pipe, the bacteria liquid conveying flow pump, the bacteria liquid booster pump and the conveying hose are added on the basis of an original ore lifting system, the bacteria liquid spraying pipe and the bacteria liquid are mixed and are connected between the lower tanks, and the bacteria liquid is uniformly and stably sprayed onto tailings discharged by a separation device of an ore collecting machine through the bacteria liquid spraying port under the driving of the bacteria liquid booster pump and the spraying booster pump.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, under the guidance of biological high-throughput sequencing results, obtaining a biological strain with high-efficiency manganese oxidation capacity by using a selective culture medium, and then obtaining heavy metals (Mn) according to the station position2+、Cu2+、Co2+And Ni2+) Taking the content or biological high-throughput sequencing result as a flora abundance regulation basis, proportioning certain proportion of manganese oxidation biological flora, taking tailings on a mining ship as a culture medium, performing high-density culture, mixing the tailings with the tailings to obtain a use bacterial liquid, utilizing the tailings thrown by an ore collector and nodules and sediments in the tailings on the mining platform (the mining ship) as biological carriers, releasing the use bacterial liquid to a submarine sediment interface section and a bottom layer section of the ore collector from 600m below the sea surface, improving the station specific manganese oxidation flora abundance, enhancing the station low-valence manganese biological oxidation efficiency, accelerating the oxidation of low-valence manganese and iron, and adding Mn2+And Fe2+Respectively oxidized to Mn4+And Fe3+The nodule is taken as a core substance to accelerate the mineralization of the manganese nodule and the adsorption and fixation effect of the nodule on surrounding heavy metals, and promote the formation of the deep-sea manganese nodule. Meanwhile, the microorganism manganese-iron has a flocculation effect, so that the tiny particle manganese nodule formed by oxidation and adsorption is increased in a flocculation way, the in-situ fixation of metal ions released in the manganese nodule caused by the walking, mining and lifting of a lifting pipe of an ore collector is realized, and the metal ion diffusion and the damage to benthos caused by bottom-layer and surface-layer plumes are reduced; meanwhile, discharged nodules are fully utilized as the core, low-valence manganese ions and iron ions are oxidized under the catalysis of microorganisms, and metal ions such as copper, cobalt, nickel and the like are fixed and adsorbed, so that the mineralization rate is increased, and submarine mineral resources are conserved.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the flora and the biological carrier (the throwing tailings of the mining machine and the tailings on the mining platform (a mining ship)) are all from the marine sediments and manganese nodules at the station, and the biological carrier is mining waste. The phenomenon of foreign species invasion does not exist, and the damage problem to the biological environment of the station does not exist.
(2) By regulating and controlling the abundance of the specific strains, the oxidation efficiency of low-valence manganese and iron and the adsorption and fixation rate of copper, cobalt and nickel metal ions can reach over 90 percent.
(3) Simple operation, low cost, mild process conditions and easy industrial application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for fixing heavy metals in situ during the mining process of deep sea manganese nodule according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for fixing heavy metals in situ during the mining process of deep sea manganese nodule;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a bacteria liquid proliferation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the mining collector car according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4;
reference numerals: 1. a mining platform; 2. collecting the mine car; 3. a discharge pipe; 4. a lifting pipe; 5. a cable; 6. a lift pump; 7. a middle bin; 8. a delivery flow pump; 9. a bacteria liquid conveying pipe; 10. a bacteria liquid booster pump; 11. a delivery hose; 12. a bacteria liquid spray pipe; 13. a strain storage tank; 14. a strain propagation tank; 15. mixing the bottom-layer section bacterial liquid and putting the bottom-layer section bacterial liquid into a tank; 16. automatically adding a control terminal to the bacterial liquid; 17. a bacteria liquid flow pump; 18. a bacteria liquid spraying port; 19. spraying a booster pump; 20. placing the pipe downwards; 21. and (5) mixing bacteria liquid from 600 meters below the sea surface to the bottom sediment interface section and putting the bacteria liquid into a tank.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
In the process of mining the manganese nodule in the deep sea, the mining vehicle travels and the ore collection disturbs the bottom sediment, and the particle size of the cast tail of the ore collection machine is larger than 100mm and smaller than 20mm, and the bottom layer plume is formed by the sediment; tailings generated by manganese nodule sorting lifted to a mining platform are thrown into seawater at the interface between 600 meters below the sea surface and seabed sediments through a discharge pipe to form surface layer and bottom layer plumes. The bottom layer plume and the surface layer plume are diffused in a large range along with the ocean current and are subjected to material exchange with the water body, so that the water quality safety of the water body is influenced, and the normal life activities of marine organisms are threatened. In the process of mining, the manganese nodule generates a heavy metal dissolution phenomenon under the action of mechanical impact crushing, the action of two-stage axial flow pump lifting friction and/or the action of reductive strain erosion, and the heavy metal exceeds standard due to the convergence of metal ions in overlying seawater and sediments brought by bottom layer plume. Therefore, it is important to develop an in-situ treatment method with low cost and without introducing new sources, and to eliminate and alleviate the environmental problems caused in the deep-sea mining process. The invention discloses a method and a device for fixing heavy metals in situ, accelerating metal ion fixation and in-situ mineralization and conserving deep sea mineral resources in the process of deep sea manganese nodule mining. The method comprises the steps of utilizing deep sea sediments and manganese nodules at different station positions as bacteria screening substrates, screening out flora and strains with efficient manganese and iron oxidation capacity by means of a selective culture medium, and utilizing tailings after deep sea manganese nodule screening containing seawater on a mining platform as a proliferation culture medium for proliferation culture to obtain bacterial liquid.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for fixing heavy metal ions in situ during the exploitation process of deep sea manganese nodules, accelerating the mineralization of new nodules and conserving deep sea mineral resources comprises the following steps:
deep sea sediments and manganese nodules at different station positions are used as bacteria screening substrates, deep sea bacteria liquid (floras and strains with high-efficiency manganese and iron oxidation capacities) is screened out by means of a selective culture medium, the abundance of each strain in the floras is prepared on the basis of different station position biodiversity analysis data, and microorganism proliferation floras (mixed biological manganese oxidation floras consisting of strains such as brevundimonas vesicularis, Microbacterium fenkei, Microbacterium aerogenes, Microbacterium oxydans, Pseudomonas and the like) for rapidly oxidizing manganese and iron are obtained, so that the functional bacteria liquid A is obtained. The tailings are used as a proliferation culture medium and are subjected to proliferation culture to obtain a functional bacterial solution B, and the mass ratio of the bacteria can be 60-63% of microbacterium oxydans, 5-14% of brevundimonas vesiculosus, 9-22% of micrococcus fenckii, 3-14% of microbacterium aerogenes, 0-4% of pseudomonas, 0-6% of microbacterium ankeri and 0-3% of burkholderia cepacia. According to the position difference and specificity of plume formation, the abundance of manganese oxidation flora and the adsorption characteristic of deep-sea manganese nodule, a surface layer and bottom layer plume treatment method (figure 1) is established on the first-generation mining method for deep-sea manganese nodule exploitation, the station-specific manganese oxidation flora abundance is improved, the biological oxidation efficiency of station-specific low-valence manganese is enhanced, the oxidation of low-valence manganese is accelerated, and the formation of deep-sea manganese nodule is promoted. Meanwhile, by virtue of the adsorption characteristic of manganese nodule, heavy metal pollution and plume phenomenon at the station are reduced, so that omnibearing, multi-level and three-dimensional biological oxidation and adsorption fixation of heavy metal are realized, and the environmental problem caused by deep sea mineral exploitation is eliminated. The bottom layer is additionally provided with a bacterial liquid conveying pipe with the diameter of 15-20 mm through a lifting system (a lifting pipe, a hose, a lifting pump and a middle bin), the bacterial liquid obtained by the enrichment culture medium is sprayed on the surface of tailings (fine particle nodules and deposits with the particle sizes larger than 100mm and smaller than 20mm and can be adjusted according to the particle sizes of manganese nodules in a mining area) generated by a separation device of the ore collection vehicle, the abundance of the station dominant bacterial strain is improved, the tailings generated by the separation device of the ore collection vehicle are used as carriers and cores, low-valence manganese and iron ions are oxidized, metal ions such as copper, cobalt, nickel and the like are fixed and adsorbed at the same time, and the ore forming process of the nodules is accelerated; spraying the bacterial liquid on the surface of tailings after sorting deep sea manganese nodules in a collection bin of a solid phase separation device from 600 meters below the sea surface to a submarine sediment interface section, mixing the bacteria and the liquid, flowing into the interface from 600 meters below the sea surface to the submarine sediment via a discharge pipe, and fixing and adsorbing metal ions such as copper, cobalt, nickel and the like while oxidizing low-valence manganese and iron ions by taking the nodules and the sediment as carriers and cores in the sinking process, so that the oxidizing capability of the microorganisms at the station on the low-valence manganese and iron and the adsorption efficiency on heavy metals are enhanced, namely the mineralization of the manganese nodules is accelerated by taking the nodules as core substances. Through the in-situ treatment of the surface layer and the bottom layer, the metal ions released by the nodule during the process of impact, shearing, friction, extrusion or lifting caused by the walking, ore collection and crushing of the ore collection vehicle and the axial flow pump are in-situ fixed again, thereby reducing the diffusion of the plume metal ions of the surface layer and the bottom layer and the damage to benthons, and meanwhile, the ore separation vehicle on the ship and the crushing of the ore collection vehicle on the seabed are utilized to discharge the nodule and sediments as cores and nutrients, low-valence manganese and iron are oxidized and copper, cobalt, nickel and other metal ions are adsorbed under the catalysis of microorganisms, the ore formation rate is improved, and the seabed mineral resources are conserved.
The method comprises the steps of taking deep sea manganese nodules and sediments at different station positions as bacteria screening substrates, screening floras and bacterial strains (manganese oxide and iron oxide floras formed by brevundimonas vesicularis, Microbacterium fenkei, Microbacterium aerogenes, Microbacterium oxydans, pseudomonas and other bacterial strains) with high manganese oxidation efficiency by means of a selective culture medium, and storing the bacterial strains and the floras at the temperature of below 80 ℃ below zero and at the temperature of 4 ℃ on a mining platform (a mining ship).
The tuberculosis and the sediment of the biological carrier are divided into a bottom layer section and a boundary section from 600m below the sea surface to the bottom sediment. Wherein, the bottom layer section is mainly from tailings (fine particle nodules and sediments with the particle size of more than 100mm and less than 20mm, which can be adjusted according to the particle size of manganese nodules in a mining area) generated by a separation device of the ore collection vehicle; the interface section from 600m below the sea surface to the seabed sediment is mainly derived from deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings generated after the manganese nodule roughing by a mining platform, and the grain size is less than 0.1 mm.
The bacterial liquid adding system is divided into a bottom layer section and an interface section from 600m below the sea surface to the bottom sediment. The bottom section is mainly characterized in that the bacteria liquid is directly transferred through a 15-20 mm bacteria liquid conveying pipe and is used, the bacteria liquid is sprayed to the surface of a tailings throwing object of the ore collecting vehicle and then is discharged to the seabed, the effect of bottom layer plume is reduced, and the harm to organisms in the seawater is reduced. The interface section from 600m below the sea surface to the bottom sediment is mainly characterized in that functional bacteria liquid B is mixed with deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings (nodules and sediments) on a mining platform (a mining ship), and the mixture is placed to the interface from 600m below the sea surface to the bottom sediment through a discharge pipe, so that the effect of surface layer or bottom layer plumes and heavy metals is reduced, and the harm to organisms in the sea water is reduced.
The bacterial liquid adding flow control system is adaptively adjusted according to the solid phase quantity of the bottom layer section, the interface section from 600 meters below the sea surface to the seabed sediments and the high-throughput sequencing result of the ROV sample.
The biological proliferation flora mainly comprises main manganese oxidation strains such as microbacterium oxydans, brevundimonas vesicularis, Microbacterium fenkei, Microbacterium aerogenes, pseudomonas, Microbacterium ankeri, Burkholderia cepacia and the like.
The ratio of the microbacterium oxydans in the biological proliferation flora is more than 40%, and the abundance values of the rest 6 strains are correspondingly supplemented mainly according to the station biological high-throughput test result or the station heavy metal types and the grade contents.
A bacterial liquid spraying pipe with 2-6 bacterial liquid spraying openings uniformly distributed is arranged outside the separation device of the mining vehicle, so that bacterial liquid can be uniformly sprayed on the nodule and the sediments under the driving of the bacterial liquid pressurizing pump and the spraying pressurizing pump. Finally, the mixture flows back to the seabed so as to achieve the purpose of enhancing the abundance of the dominant flora. Meanwhile, the tuberculosis has the characteristic of heavy metal adsorption and is used as the core of the tuberculosis, so that the formation of the tuberculosis is accelerated, and deep sea mineral resources are conserved.
As shown in fig. 2-5, the device for fixing heavy metals in situ in the process of mining the deep sea manganese nodule comprises a mining platform 1 and a mine collection vehicle 2, wherein a bacteria liquid enrichment culture system is arranged on the mining platform 1, and the bacteria liquid enrichment culture system is connected with the mine collection vehicle 2 through a bacteria liquid conveying system at the bottom section;
the bacterial liquid enrichment culture system comprises a bacterial liquid storage tank 13, a bacterial liquid enrichment tank 14, a bottom layer section bacterial liquid mixing and transferring tank 15, a bacterial liquid flow pump 17, a bacterial liquid automatic addition control terminal 16 and a sea surface 600 m-bottom layer sediment interface section bacterial liquid mixing and transferring tank 21; the strain storage tank 13, the strain propagation tank 14, the bottom layer section bacterial liquid mixing and transferring tank 15 and the bottom layer sediment interface section bacterial liquid mixing and transferring tank 21 under the sea surface are communicated through pipelines, a bacterial liquid flow pump 17 is arranged on each pipeline, and a bacterial liquid automatic addition control terminal 16 controls the on-off of the bacterial liquid flow pump 17;
the bottom-layer section bacterial liquid conveying system comprises a bacterial liquid conveying flow pump 8, a bacterial liquid conveying pipe 9, a bacterial liquid booster pump 10, a conveying hose 11 and a bacterial liquid spraying pipe 12; the mixed transfer tank 15 of fungus liquid conveyer pipe 9 one end and bottom section fungus liquid is connected through putting pipe 20 and fungus liquid conveying flow pump 8 down, the fungus liquid conveyer pipe 9 other end passes through fungus liquid booster pump 10 with transfer hose 11 and is connected, and transfer hose 11 is connected with fungus liquid shower 12, and fungus liquid shower 12 is connected with spraying booster pump 19, set up before fungus liquid shower 12's fungus liquid shower 18 and spray booster pump 19, make even stable the spraying of fungus liquid on the tailings (the particle diameter is greater than 100mm and the particle diameter is less than 20mm fine particle tuberculosis and deposit, can adjust according to mining area manganese tuberculosis particle diameter) that produces at the separator of collection mine car 2 through the pressure boost.
The fungus liquid conveyer pipe 9 is fixed in the ore raising pipe 4 of ore raising system, next door such as hose, intermediate bin 7, elevator pump 6 by the chuck with cable 5 etc. and the internal diameter is 15 ~ 20 mm's hard tube, and it links to each other with the fungus liquid shower outside the separator in mining platform 1 and the collection mine car.
The device also comprises a discharge pipe 3, wherein the discharge pipe 3 is connected with a bacterial liquid mixing and lowering tank 21 from 600 meters below the sea surface to the bottom sediment interface section through a lowering pipe 20, then the bacterial liquid and the tailings after the deep sea manganese nodules are sorted are mixed, and the mixture is sprayed to 600 meters below the sea surface to the sediment interface according to the actual length of the tailing discharge pipe in the mining system. The number of the bacterial liquid spraying openings 18 is 2-6.
Example 1:
aiming at the concordance region, namely Pacific Clarison-Cliboton fracture region, contracted by the development and research institute of mineral resources in China, the metal content in 600m of water body below the sea surface of a certain station in the mining process is respectively Mn2+:105mg/L，Cu2 +:75mg/L，Co2+:40mg/L，Ni2+:70mg/L。
S1 strain screening: using the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments 5000-6000 m below the sea surface of a certain station of the mining area as bacteria screening substrates, and screening the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments in a selective culture medium at the temperature of 4 ℃ and under the condition of 4% salinity (calculated by NaCl) to obtain a deep sea bacteria liquid containing manganese oxide bacteria; and adjusting the abundance of the deep-sea bacterial liquid to obtain the functional bacterial liquid A.
The high-throughput sequencing result shows that the main components of the functional bacteria liquid A are microbacterium oxydans, brevundimonas vesicularis, Microbacterium fenkelensis, Microbacterium aerogenes, pseudomonas, Microbacterium ankeri and other non-functional strains in seawater.
S2 preparing bacterial liquid: taking tailings after deep sea manganese tuberculosis selection as a proliferation culture medium to obtain a functional bacterial liquid B through high-density culture, wherein the mass ratio of each bacterium is respectively 60% of microbacterium oxydans, 14% of brevundimonas vesicae, 12% of Microbacterium fenkefuliginis, 8% of Microbacterium aerogenes, 3% of pseudomonas, 1% of Microbacterium ankeri and 2% of non-functional strains in other sea water, and the concentration of each bacterium in the functional bacterial liquid B is approximately 1.1 multiplied by 10 of Microbacterium oxydans10CFU/mL, Brevundimonas vesicularis 2.0X 109CFU/mL, Finke fiber Microbacterium 4.0X 109CFU/mL, Microbacterium aerogenes 3.0X 109CFU/mL, Pseudomonas 8X 108CFU/mL, Microbacterium ankeri 3.0X 108CFU/mL, other non-functional strains in seawater 8X 108CFU/mL and functional bacteria liquid B are mixed with deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings according to the proportion of 19% and 5% respectively to obtain the used bacteria liquid.
S3 bacterial liquid distribution: the use bacterial liquid B mixed with the deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings according to the proportion of 19% is applied to tailings generated by a separation device of a mining collection vehicle, the use bacterial liquid B mixed with the deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings according to the proportion of 5% is obtained, and the use bacterial liquid is discharged into 600 meters sea water below the sea surface through a 600m discharge pipe below the sea surface.
The analysis result shows that after 2 months, the metal Mn in the water body within the range of 600m to 6000m below the sea surface in the standing position2+Not more than 5ng/L, Cu2+Not more than 7ng/L, Co2+Not more than 40ng/L, Ni2+Not more than 12ng/L, and the metal fixation rate exceeds 97 percent.
Example 2:
aiming at the concordance region (7.247 kilo square kilometers) contracted by the five-mineral group company in China, namely the Pacific Clarison-Cliboton fracture region, the contents of high-proportion metals in a water body 1200m below the sea surface of a certain station in the process of mining are respectively Mn2+:115mg/L，Cu2+:38mg/L，Co2+:80mg/L，Ni2+:52mg/L。
S1 strain screening: taking the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments 5000-6000 m below the sea surface of a certain station of the mining area as bacteria screening substrates, and carrying out medium screening under the conditions of selective culture at 4 ℃ and 4% of salinity (calculated by NaCl) to obtain a deep sea bacteria liquid containing manganese oxide bacteria; and adjusting the abundance of the deep-sea bacterial liquid to obtain the functional bacterial liquid A.
High-throughput sequencing shows that the main components of the functional bacterial liquid A are microbacterium oxydans, brevundimonas vesicularis, Microbacterium fenkei, Microbacterium aerogenes, Microbacterium ankeri, Burkholderia cepacia and other non-functional strains in seawater.
S2 preparing bacterial liquid: selecting the functional bacterial liquid A by using deep sea manganese tuberculosis, and then performing high-density culture by using tailings as a proliferation culture medium to obtain a functional bacterial liquid B, wherein the mass ratio of each bacterium is respectively 60% of microbacterium oxydans, 8% of brevundimonas vesicae, 22% of Microbacterium fenkefuliginosum, 4% of Microbacterium aerogenes, 4% of Microbacterium ankerianum, 2% of Burkholderia cepacia and 2% of other non-functional strains in seawater, and the concentration of each bacterium in the functional bacterial liquid B is approximately 1.3 multiplied by 10 of the Microbacterium oxydans10CFU/mL, Brevundimonas vesicularis 1.8X 109CFU/mL, Ficoll Microbacterium 6.0 × 109CFU/mL, Microbacterium aerogenes 3.0X 109CFU/mL, Microbacterium ankeri 7.1X 108CFU/mL, Burkholderia cepacia 6.0X 108CFU/mL, other non-functional strains in seawater 3.0X 108CFU/mL. And mixing the functional bacterial liquid B and the deep-sea manganese nodule sorting tailings in a ratio of 14% and 6% respectively to obtain a using bacterial liquid.
S3 bacterial liquid distribution: the use bacterial liquid B mixed with the deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings according to the proportion of 14% is applied to tailings generated by a separation device of a mining collection vehicle, the use bacterial liquid B mixed with the deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings according to the proportion of 6% is obtained, and the use bacterial liquid B is discharged to the sea surface through a 1200m discharge pipe below the sea surface and is discharged to the sea surface to 1200m sea water.
The chemical analysis result shows that the high-ratio metal Mn in the water body within the range of 1200 m-6000 m below the sea surface in the standing position after 70 days2+Not more than 5ng/L, Cu2+Not more than 7ng/L, Co2+Not more than 20ng/L, Ni2+Not more than 12ng/L, and the metal fixation rate exceeds 96 percent.
Example 3:
aiming at the concordance region (7.247 kilo square kilometers) contracted by the five-mineral group company in China, namely the Pacific Clarison-Cliboton fracture region, the contents of high-proportion metals in 2000m of water below the sea surface at a certain station position in the process of mining are respectively Mn2+:115mg/L，Cu2+:38mg/L，Co2+:80mg/L，Ni2+:52mg/L。
S1 strain screening: using the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments 5000-6000 m below the sea surface of a certain station of the mining area as bacteria screening substrates, and screening the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments in a selective culture medium at the temperature of 4 ℃ and under the salinity (calculated by NaCl) of 4% to obtain a deep sea bacteria liquid containing manganese oxide bacteria; and adjusting the abundance of the deep-sea bacterial liquid to obtain the functional bacterial liquid A.
High-throughput sequencing shows that the main components of the functional bacteria liquid A are microbacterium oxydans, brevundimonas vesicularis, Microbacterium fenkei, Microbacterium aerogenes, pseudomonas, Burkholderia cepacia and other non-functional strains in seawater.
S2 preparing bacterial liquid: the functional bacterial liquid A is selected from deep sea manganese nodule, and then is cultured by taking tailings as a proliferation culture medium and is cultured at high density to obtain a functional bacterial liquid B, wherein the mass ratio of each bacterium is respectively 60% of microbacterium oxydans, 8% of brevundimonas vesiculosus, 20% of Microbacterium fenkelensis, 3% of Microbacterium aerogenes, 4% of pseudomonas, 3% of Burkholderia cepacia and 2% of other non-functional strains in seawater. The concentration of each bacterium in the functional bacterium solution B is approximately 1.3 multiplied by 10 microbacterium oxydans10CFU/mL, Brevundimonas vesicularis 1.8X 109CFU/mL, Ficoll Microbacterium 6.0 × 109CFU/mL, Microbacterium aerogenes 3.0X 109CFU/mL, Pseudomonas 7.1X 108CFU/mL, Burkholderia cepacia 6.0X 108CFU/mL, other non-functional strains in seawater 3.0X 108CFU/mL. And mixing the functional bacterial liquid B and the deep-sea manganese nodule sorting tailings respectively according to the proportion of 18% and 7% to obtain the using bacterial liquid.
S3 bacterial liquid distribution: the functional bacterial liquid B and the deep sea nodule manganese sorting tailings are mixed according to the proportion of 18% to obtain a using bacterial liquid, the using bacterial liquid is applied to tailings generated by a separation device of the ore collecting vehicle, the functional bacterial liquid B and the deep sea nodule manganese sorting tailings are mixed according to the proportion of 7% to obtain the using bacterial liquid, and the using bacterial liquid is discharged into 2000 meters of seawater below the sea surface through a 2000m discharge pipe below the sea surface.
Analysis shows that the high-ratio metal Mn in the water body in the range of 2000-6000 m below the sea surface in the station after 65 days2+Not more than 5ng/L, Cu2+Not more than 7ng/L, Co2+Not more than 10ng/L, Ni2+Not more than 6ng/L, and the high specific metal fixing rate exceeds 93 percent.
Example 4:
aiming at the Western Pacific area which is a concordance area contracted by the Beijing pioneer high-technology development company, the high-proportion metal content in 2500m water below the sea surface of a certain station in the mining process is respectively Mn2+:90mg/L，Cu2+:40mg/L，Co2+:20mg/L，Ni2+:90mg/L。
S1 strain screening: using the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments 5000-6000 m below the sea surface of a certain station of the mining area as bacteria screening substrates, and screening the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments in a selective culture medium at the temperature of 4 ℃ and under the salinity (calculated by NaCl) of 4% to obtain a deep sea bacteria liquid containing manganese oxide bacteria; and adjusting the abundance of the deep-sea bacterial liquid to obtain the functional bacterial liquid A.
The high-throughput sequencing result shows that the main components of the functional bacterial liquid A are microbacterium oxydans, brevundimonas vesicularis, Microbacterium fenkesii, Microbacterium aerogenes, pseudomonas, Microbacterium anksgrandii, Burkholderia cepacia and other non-functional strains in seawater.
S2 preparing bacterial liquid: selecting the functional bacterial liquid A by using deep sea manganese tuberculosis, culturing by using tailings as a proliferation culture medium and performing high-density culture to obtain a functional bacterial liquid B, wherein the mass ratio of each bacterium is 61% of microbacterium oxydans, 5% of brevundimonas vesiculosus, 9% of Microbacterium fenkefuliginosum, 14% of Microbacterium aerogenes, 3% of pseudomonas, 5% of Microbacterium ankerianum, 1% of Burkholderia cepacia and 2% of other non-functional strains in sea water, and the concentration of each bacterium in the functional bacterial liquid B is approximately 1.4 multiplied by 10 of Microbacterium oxydans10CFU/mL, Brevundimonas vesicularis 1.7X 109CFU/mL, Fengke Cellulomonas 1.6X 109CFU/mL, Microbacterium aerogenes 3.2X 109CFU/mL, Pseudomonas sp 6.4X 108CFU/mL, Microbacterium ankeri 7X 108CFU/mL, Burkholderia cepacia 1.6X 108CFU/mL、Other non-functional strains in seawater 3.2X 108CFU/mL. And mixing the functional bacterial liquid B and the deep-sea manganese nodule sorting tailings respectively according to the proportion of 16% and 6% to obtain a using bacterial liquid.
S3 bacterial liquid distribution: the use bacterial liquid B mixed with the deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings according to the proportion of 16% is applied to tailings generated by a separation device of a mining collection vehicle, the use bacterial liquid B mixed with the deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings according to the proportion of 6% is obtained, and the use bacterial liquid is discharged into 2500m sea water below the sea surface through a 2500m discharge pipe below the sea surface.
The analysis result shows that the high-ratio metal Mn in the water body in the station position within the range of 2500 m-6000 m below the sea surface after 80 days2+Not more than 5ng/L, Cu2+Not more than 7ng/L, Co2+Not more than 40ng/L, Ni2+Not more than 12ng/L, and the high specific metal fixation rate exceeds 97 percent.
Example 5:
aiming at the Western Pacific area which is a concordance area contracted by Beijing pioneer high-technology development company, the contents of high-ratio metals in 4000m water below the sea surface of a certain station in the process of mining are respectively Mn2+:60mg/L，Cu2+:40mg/L，Co2+:40mg/L，Ni2+:40mg/L。
S1 strain screening: using the deep sea manganese nodule and deposit in 5000-6000 m below sea surface in certain station of the mine as bacteria screening substrate, and screening to obtain deep sea bacteria liquid containing manganese oxide bacteria in selective culture medium at 4 deg.c and 4% salinity (calculated with NaCl); and adjusting the abundance of the deep-sea bacterial liquid to obtain the functional bacterial liquid A.
The high-throughput sequencing result shows that the main components of the functional bacteria liquid A are microbacterium oxydans, brevundimonas vesicularis, Microbacterium fenkelensis, Microbacterium aerogenes, pseudomonas and other non-functional strains in seawater.
S2 preparing bacterial liquid: selecting the functional bacterial liquid A by using deep sea manganese nodule, culturing by using tailings as a proliferation culture medium and performing high-density culture to obtain a functional bacterial liquid B, wherein the mass ratio of each bacterium is respectively 63% of microbacterium oxydans, 7% of brevundimonas vesicae, 11% of Microbacterium fenkefuliginosum, 13% of Microbacterium aerogenes, 4% of pseudomonas and other seawater2% of non-functional strains. The concentration of each bacterium in the functional bacterium solution B is approximately 1.4 multiplied by 10 microbacterium oxydans10CFU/mL, Brevundimonas vesicularis 1.7X 109CFU/mL, Fengke Cellulomonas 1.6X 109CFU/mL, Microbacterium aerogenes 3.2X 109CFU/mL, Pseudomonas sp 6.4X 108CFU/mL, other non-functional strains in seawater 1.6X 108CFU/mL. And mixing the functional bacterial liquid B and the deep-sea manganese nodule sorting tailings in a ratio of 20% and 6% respectively to obtain a using bacterial liquid.
S3 bacterial liquid distribution: the use bacterial liquid obtained by mixing the functional bacterial liquid B and the deep sea nodule manganese sorting tailings in a ratio of 20% is applied to tailings generated by a separation device of a mining collecting vehicle, the use bacterial liquid obtained by mixing the functional bacterial liquid B and the deep sea nodule manganese sorting tailings in a ratio of 6% is discharged into 4000 meters of seawater below the sea surface through a 4000m discharge pipe below the sea surface.
The analysis result shows that the high-ratio metal Mn in the water body in the range of 4000-6000 m below the sea surface in the standing position after 50 days2+Not more than 5ng/L, Cu2+Not more than 7ng/L, Co2+Not more than 20ng/L, Ni2+Not more than 17ng/L, and the high specific metal fixation rate exceeds 98 percent.
Example 6:
aiming at the Western Pacific area which is a concordance area contracted by Beijing pioneer high-technology development company, the high-proportion metal content of 6000m water below the sea surface of a certain station in the mining process is respectively Mn2+:90mg/L，Cu2+:40mg/L，Co2+:20mg/L，Ni2+:90mg/L。
S1 strain screening: using the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments 5000-6000 m below the sea surface of a certain station of the mining area as bacteria screening substrates, and screening the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments in a selective culture medium at the temperature of 4 ℃ and under the salinity (calculated by NaCl) of 4% to obtain a deep sea bacteria liquid containing manganese oxide bacteria; and adjusting the abundance of the deep-sea bacterial liquid to obtain the functional bacterial liquid A.
High-throughput sequencing shows that the main components of the functional bacterial liquid A are microbacterium oxydans, brevundimonas vesicularis, Microbacterium fenkei, Microbacterium aerogenes, Microbacterium ankeri and other non-functional strains in seawater.
S2 preparing bacterial liquid:selecting the functional bacterial liquid A by using deep sea manganese nodule, culturing by using tailings as a proliferation culture medium, and performing high-density culture to obtain a functional bacterial liquid B, wherein the mass ratio of each bacterium is 63% of microbacterium oxydans, 7% of brevundimonas vesicae, 9% of Microbacterium fenkefuliginosum, 13% of Microbacterium aerogenes, 6% of Microbacterium ankerii and 2% of other non-functional strains in sea water. The concentration of each bacterium in the functional bacterium solution B is approximately 1.4 multiplied by 10 microbacterium oxydans10CFU/mL, Brevundimonas vesicularis 1.7X 109CFU/mL, Fengke Cellulomonas 1.6X 109CFU/mL, Microbacterium aerogenes 3.2X 109CFU/mL, Microbacterium ankeri 6.4X 108CFU/mL, other non-functional strains in seawater 3.2X 108CFU/mL. And mixing the functional bacterial liquid B and the deep-sea manganese nodule sorting tailings in a ratio of 22% and 7% respectively to obtain a using bacterial liquid.
S3 bacterial liquid distribution: the use bacterial liquid B mixed with the deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings according to the proportion of 22% is applied to tailings generated by a separation device of a mining collection vehicle, the use bacterial liquid B is mixed with the deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings according to the proportion of 7% to obtain the use bacterial liquid, and the use bacterial liquid is placed on a submarine sediment interface through a discharge pipe of the submarine sediment interface.
Analysis shows that the high-proportion metal Mn in the water body within 6000m below the sea surface in the standing position after 90 days2+Not more than 5ng/L, Cu2+Not more than 7ng/L, Co2+Not more than 40ng/L, Ni2+Not more than 12ng/L, and the high specific metal fixation rate exceeds 99 percent.
The method can be realized by upper and lower limit values and interval values of intervals of process parameters (such as temperature, time, salinity and the like), and the embodiments are not listed.
Conventional technical knowledge in the art can be used for the details which are not described in the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A method for in-situ immobilization of heavy metals during mining of deep sea manganese nodules, the method comprising the steps of:
s1 strain screening: using the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments 5000-6000 m below the sea surface of different stations as bacteria screening substrates, and screening the deep sea manganese nodules and sediments through a selective culture medium under the conditions of 0-4 ℃ and 1-8% salinity to obtain a deep sea bacteria liquid containing manganese oxide bacteria; adjusting the abundance of the deep-sea bacterial liquid to obtain a functional bacterial liquid A;
s2 preparing bacterial liquid: taking the deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings on the mining platform as a proliferation culture medium, performing high-density culture to obtain a functional bacterial liquid B, and mixing the functional bacterial liquid B with the deep sea manganese nodule sorting tailings according to the proportion of 5-25 wt% to obtain a use bacterial liquid;
s3 bacterial liquid distribution: applying the bacteria liquid to the tailing throwing matter of the ore collecting vehicle, and lowering the ore collecting vehicle into sea water at the interface of 600m below the sea surface and the bottom sediment for treating the surface layer and the bottom layer plumes.
2. The method for in-situ fixation of heavy metals in the process of exploitation of deep sea manganese tuberculosis according to claim 1, wherein functional bacteria liquid A contains microbacterium oxydans, brevundimonas vesicularis, micrococcus fenkelensis and microbacterium aerogenes; the functional bacterial liquid B contains microbacterium oxydans, brevundimonas vesicularis, Microbacterium fenkei and microbacterium aerogenes, and the concentration of the bacteria is 1.0-1.6 multiplied by 1010CFU/mL, vesicle Brevundimonas 1.0-2.3 × 109CFU/mL, Fengke fiber Microbacterium 1.5 ~ 8.0 x 109CFU/mL, 1.0-5.0 × 10 Microbacterium aerogen9CFU/mL。
3. The method for in-situ immobilization of heavy metals during exploitation of deep sea manganese nodule according to claim 1, wherein said manganese oxidizing bacteria group comprises one or more of brevundimonas vesicularis, micrococcus fenkelensis, microbacterium aeroginosum and microbacterium oxydans.
4. The method for in-situ fixation of heavy metals in the process of mining the deep-sea manganese nodules according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the deep-sea manganese nodule sorting tailings at the mining platform is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and tailings generated by a separation device of a mine collection truck are fine particle nodules and sediments with the particle size of more than 100mm and the particle size of less than 20 mm.
5. The method for in-situ immobilization of heavy metals during mining of manganese nodules in deep sea according to claim 1, wherein the composition of the selective medium is MnSO4·H2O0.2 g/L, yeast extract powder 0.2g/L, (NH)4)2CO3 0.1g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g/L、CaCl2 0.1g/L、K2HPO4 0.1g/L、Na2NO30.2g/L, peptone 0.8g/L, ferric ammonium citrate 0.03 g/L.
6. The device for fixing heavy metals in situ in the process of mining the deep sea manganese nodule comprises a mining platform (1) and a mine collecting car (2), and is characterized in that a bacteria liquid enrichment culture system is arranged on the mining platform (1), and the bacteria liquid enrichment culture system is connected with the mine collecting car (2) through a bottom-section bacteria liquid conveying system;
the bacterial liquid enrichment culture system comprises a bacterial storage tank (13), a bacterial enrichment tank (14), a bottom-layer bacterial liquid mixing and transferring tank (15), a bacterial liquid flow pump (17), a bacterial liquid automatic addition control terminal (16) and a bacterial liquid mixing and transferring tank (21) at an interface section of 600 meters below sea surface and bottom-layer sediments; the strain storage tank (13), the strain propagation tank (14), the bottom layer section bacterial liquid mixing and transferring tank (15) and the sea surface 600 m-bottom layer sediment interface section bacterial liquid mixing and transferring tank (21) are communicated through pipelines, a bacterial liquid flow pump (17) is arranged on each pipeline, and a bacterial liquid automatic addition control terminal (16) controls the on-off of the bacterial liquid flow pump (17);
the bottom-layer section bacterial liquid conveying system comprises a bacterial liquid conveying flow pump (8), a bacterial liquid conveying pipe (9), a bacterial liquid booster pump (10), a conveying hose (11) and a bacterial liquid spraying pipe (12); fungus liquid conveyer pipe (9) one end is mixed with bottom section fungus liquid and is transferred jar (15) and is connected through putting down pipe (20) and fungus liquid transport flow pump (8), fungus liquid conveyer pipe (9) other end is connected through fungus liquid booster pump (10) with transfer hose (11), and transfer hose (11) are connected with fungus liquid shower (12), and fungus liquid shower (12) are connected with spraying booster pump (19), the fungus liquid of fungus liquid shower (12) sprays and sets up before mouthful (18) and sprays booster pump (19).
7. The device for fixing heavy metals in situ during the exploitation process of the deep sea manganese nodule according to claim 6, further comprising a discharge pipe (3), wherein the discharge pipe (3) is connected with a bacterial liquid mixing and lowering tank (21) from 600 meters below the sea surface to the bottom sediment interface section through a lowering pipe (20).
8. The device for fixing heavy metals in situ in the process of mining the deep sea manganese nodules according to claim 6, wherein the number of the bacteria liquid spraying openings is 2-6.
9. The device for fixing heavy metals in situ in the process of mining the deep sea manganese nodules according to claim 6, wherein the bacteria liquid conveying pipe is a hard pipe with the diameter of 15-20 mm.
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