CN114532339A - Preparation method of saponification-coated antibacterial drug for aquaculture - Google Patents
Preparation method of saponification-coated antibacterial drug for aquaculture Download PDFInfo
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- CN114532339A CN114532339A CN202111592155.5A CN202111592155A CN114532339A CN 114532339 A CN114532339 A CN 114532339A CN 202111592155 A CN202111592155 A CN 202111592155A CN 114532339 A CN114532339 A CN 114532339A
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- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
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- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- AYIRNRDRBQJXIF-NXEZZACHSA-N (-)-Florfenicol Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C([C@@H](O)[C@@H](CF)NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl)C=C1 AYIRNRDRBQJXIF-NXEZZACHSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229960003760 florfenicol Drugs 0.000 claims description 32
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
- A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
- A01N41/10—Sulfones; Sulfoxides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
- A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
- A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
- A01N41/06—Sulfonic acid amides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a saponified-coated antibacterial drug for aquaculture. The release of the antibacterial drug molecules in the saponified drug inclusion prepared by the invention is slow, and the antibacterial drug molecules with a certain concentration can be kept in the water body in a longer time range, so that the long-acting antibacterial effect is kept, the dosage and the dosage frequency of aquaculture users are reduced, the cost is reduced, and the pollution is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a preparation method of a saponification coated antibacterial drug for aquaculture.
Background
The culture of aquatic products (including fishes, shrimps and the like) is an important economic component in China. Due to the complex aquaculture environment, the easy bacterial growth of the water environment and the like, the aquatic products such as fish, shrimp and the like are extremely easy to be threatened by the infection of microorganisms such as bacteria and the like, so that the aquatic product aquaculture usually needs to be added with antibacterial agents such as florfenicol, nitrofural, chloramphenicol and the like. Although the antibacterial agents have good bactericidal capacity, the antibacterial agents lose effectiveness in a short time due to the rapid diffusion, adsorption, degradation and other processes of the antibacterial agents in the water body. Therefore, farmers need to repeatedly use the medicines for the water body regularly, which not only causes the waste of the medicines and the increase of the cost, but also causes the enrichment of the antibacterial medicines in the aquatic products, and further causes the medicine residue in the aquatic products to exceed the standard. In recent years, pesticide and veterinary drug residues such as florfenicol, nitrofurazone, quinolone and chloramphenicol in many aquatic products exceed standards.
In order to solve the problem, a drug sustained-release carrier which takes starch, cellulose, resin, diatomite, alginate, porous silicon, a metal organic framework, a porous carbon material and the like as raw materials is designed at present, drug molecules are fixed in the sustained-release carrier and slowly released through the processes of dissolution of the carrier and the like when the drug sustained-release carrier is used, so that the drug lasting efficacy is maintained, and the drug use amount is reduced. However, many of the above-mentioned drug corrosion inhibition carriers (especially carriers made of nano materials) often have disadvantages such as raw material cost and production cost. In consideration of the requirements of the aquaculture industry in China and the requirements of environmental protection, the drug sustained-release agent used for aquaculture is prepared by adopting natural materials which are low in cost, wide in source, non-toxic and degradable as raw materials and adopting a simple, rapid and low-cost method, so that the overall cost is reduced, and the requirements of the aquaculture cost are met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a saponification coated antibacterial drug for aquaculture, which has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation process, good sterilization effect and no residue.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for preparing a saponification wrapped antibacterial drug for aquaculture comprises the following steps:
(1) adding natural oil into a reaction tank, wherein the weight ratio of the natural oil: ethanol: adding ethanol and water according to the volume ratio of (0.75-1) to (0.85-1.1) to (1.5-2.5), adding sodium hydroxide solid according to the volume mass ratio of 1:0.06-0.25 of the natural oil and the sodium hydroxide, stirring until the sodium hydroxide solid is dissolved, sealing the reaction tank, heating to the temperature of 100 ℃ and 120 ℃, keeping the air pressure in the tank to be 0.3-0.6MPa, and keeping the heating state for 50-70 minutes;
(2) opening a pressure reducing valve of the reaction tank, reducing the pressure in the reaction tank from 0.3-0.6MPa to normal pressure, opening the reaction tank, keeping the heating state at the temperature of 100-120 ℃, and mixing the natural oil and the antibacterial agent according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.25-0.75 percent of antibacterial agent is added, the mixture is mechanically stirred until the antibacterial agent is completely and uniformly mixed, the solution is clear and transparent, then the reaction tank is closed, and the heating is stopped until the reaction tank is cooled to the room temperature;
(3) and when the temperature is reduced to 55-65 ℃, transferring the semi-coagulated oily matter to a product tank, and continuously cooling to normal temperature for coagulation to obtain the saponified-coated antibacterial medicament.
Further, the natural oil is selected from vegetable oil or animal oil, and when the vegetable oil is adopted, the vegetable oil added into the reaction tank is as follows: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 1 (0.85-1.1) to (1.5-2.5), when animal oil is adopted, the animal oil is heated to be molten, and the animal oil is added: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 0.75 (0.85-1.1) to (1.5-2.5).
Further, the antibacterial drug in the step (2) is selected from any one of florfenicol, quinolone drugs and sulfonamide drugs, wherein the mass ratio of the added florfenicol to the natural oil is 1:0.45-0.55, the mass ratio of the added quinolone drugs to the natural oil is 1:0.25-0.45, and the mass ratio of the added sulfonamide drugs to the natural oil is 1: 0.65-0.75.
Further, the solid sodium hydroxide added in the step (1) can be replaced by an equal amount of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
Further, the saponification coated antibacterial drug is used for sterilization in aquaculture.
The invention takes natural oil with wide raw material source and low cost as raw material, forms saponified substance wrapping drug molecules by simple and rapid alkaline saponification reaction, and fixes the antibacterial drug molecules in the form of soap. When the soap is used by farmers, the soap is directly added into the aquaculture water body. Along with the dissolution and degradation of the saponified substance in water, the antibacterial drug molecules are gradually separated out and enter the water body. The dissolving process of the saponified substance is slow and adjustable, so that the release of the antibacterial drug molecules is slow, the antibacterial drug molecules with a certain concentration can be kept in the water body within a longer time range, and long-acting antibiosis is kept, so that the dosage and the drug frequency of a farmer are reduced, the cost is reduced, and the pollution is reduced. The drug carrier is a saponified substance prepared from natural oil, and can be absorbed and decomposed into water and carbon dioxide by microorganisms in a water body, so that the drug carrier is safe and non-toxic, and is suitable for being used in aquaculture.
The invention has simple synthesis, low cost and durable sterilization, takes florfenicol as an example, the effective sterilization time of the saponified inclusion for medication is 5.4 times of that of the direct medication, has strong applicability and mild wrapping conditions, is suitable for wrapping of various drug molecules, has stable concentration, causes the death of plankton and fishes and shrimps due to the fluctuation of the drug molecules, influences the sterilization effect due to too low concentration, has the dissolution-release process in the saponification inclusion and avoids the overhigh or overlow drug molecules in short time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the reaction process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the change in pond florfenicol concentration 24 hours after dosing and direct dosing of the saponification encapsulated antimicrobial drug of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the change in pond florfenicol concentration within one week after saponification of the encapsulated antibacterial drug and direct administration of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the change in quinolone concentration in the pond over one week after saponification of the encapsulated antibacterial agent of example 2 and direct administration;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in sulfonamide concentration 72 hours after saponification of the encapsulated antimicrobial drug and direct dosing of example 3;
FIG. 6 is a pond map of a dedicated laboratory area;
fig. 7 is a graph of crayfish samples in a pond of a dedicated laboratory.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, (a) in FIG. 1, a schematic diagram of an esterification reaction to prepare a saponified molecule; (b) a schematic diagram of a saponified molecule coated drug molecule; (c) the drug saponification inclusion is dissolved in the aquaculture water body and releases a drug molecule schematic diagram.
The method takes natural oil and fat and cheap sodium hydroxide as raw materials, and adopts simple esterification reaction to prepare saponified molecules, as shown in figure 1 a. Since the alkyl group of the saponified molecule has lipophilicity and the carboxylate group has hydrophilicity, the lipophilic end of the saponified molecule will be in close contact with the drug molecule that we need, and since the number of the saponified molecules is much larger than that of the drug molecule, the saponified molecule will gradually wrap the drug molecule to form a saponified wrap wrapping the drug molecule, as shown in fig. 1 b. After the reaction is finished, the temperature of the system is reduced, the saponifiable matter is gradually coagulated due to the lower melting point, and the saponifiable inclusion is changed into a solid similar to soap, so that the transportation and the use are convenient. The saponified inclusion is directly placed in the aquaculture water body by a farmer, and the farmer can use the saponified inclusion without additional treatment. Due to the existence of the dissolution equilibrium, the saponifiable matter is gradually dissolved, and the drug molecules wrapped in the saponifiable matter are gradually released into the water body.
The proportion of natural grease, sodium hydroxide and drug molecules can be automatically adjusted by farmers according to different sterilization requirements and different aquaculture water bodies, so that the dissolution time of the saponified inclusion, namely the release time of the drug molecules, can be adjusted. If farmers need high-concentration sterilization, the using amount of sodium hydroxide can be increased, the esterification degree of natural oil is increased, the saponification inclusion is dissolved more quickly, and the using amount of drug molecules is increased, so that the saponification inclusion can wrap more drug molecules; if farmers need to sterilize for a long time with low concentration, the dosage of sodium hydroxide can be reduced, and the unreacted grease can block the dissolution speed of the saponified inclusion.
Example 1
A method for preparing a saponification coated antibacterial drug for aquaculture comprises the following specific steps:
(1) esterification reaction: 1200mL of soybean oil, 300mL of ethanol with volume fraction of 95% and 800mL of purified water are sequentially added into a reaction tank with the volume of 5L, then 80 g of sodium hydroxide solid is added, the mixture is stirred until the sodium hydroxide solid is dissolved, the reaction tank is closed, the temperature is increased to 110 ℃, and the heating state is kept for about 1 hour.
(2) Medicine wrapping: opening a pressure reducing valve of the reaction tank, reducing the pressure to normal pressure, opening the reaction tank, keeping the heating state at 110 ℃, adding 500 g of florfenicol, mechanically stirring until the medicine is completely and uniformly mixed, clarifying and brightening the solution, then closing the reaction tank, and gradually stopping heating.
(3) And when the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, transferring the semi-condensed oily matter to a product tank, and continuously cooling to the normal temperature to obtain a soap-shaped solid product. The product is the needed drug saponification inclusion, which can be cut and stored separately according to the needs of users.
The drug effect difference between the delivery of the florfenicol drug saponification inclusion in the water body and the direct delivery of the florfenicol drug is compared by taking a certain experimental pond as a research object. We delivered 100 g of florfenicol and a self-prepared saponified inclusion of a drug containing 100 g of florfenicol (the weight of the saponified inclusion is about 0.8-2 kg depending on the kind of oil used) to two experimental ponds of the same conditions, followed by sampling at regular intervals and detecting the concentration of florfenicol in water by GC-MS, and the test results are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3. In figure 2, after the florfenicol is directly added for 30 minutes, the concentration of the florfenicol is sharply increased to 450 mu g/L, which may cause harm to fishes and shrimps in water, while after the saponification inclusion is added for 30 minutes, the concentration of the florfenicol is only increased to 177 mu g/L, which is not greatly changed and is safe. Subsequently, in the pond directly taking the medicine, the concentration of the florfenicol is sharply reduced along with the time, and is only 103 mu g/L after 12 hours and is only 25 mu g/L after 24 hours; in the pond with the saponified inclusion, the concentration of florfenicol is maintained at a stable level, and the concentration is still 97 mug/L after 24 hours. The test time was extended to one week, as shown in figure 3, florfenicol concentration was consistently low in the direct-dosed ponds, already approaching 0 from day six; in the pond for taking the drug by saponifying the inclusion, the concentration of florfenicol is gradually reduced but always higher than that in the pond for directly taking the drug. If 50 mug/L is taken as the florfenicol sterilization effective concentration, the sterilization effective period of directly using the florfenicol is less than 18 hours, while the sterilization effective period of using the equivalent florfenicol saponification inclusion is 4 days (about 96 hours), and the effective sterilization time of the saponification inclusion is more than 5.4 times of that of directly using the florfenicol, thereby greatly reducing the use of the medicine and reducing the harm to the environment.
Preliminary calculations indicate that the preparation of saponified inclusion containing 100 grams of florfenicol under laboratory production conditions would add an additional 80 dollar cost per 70 dollar per 100 grams of florfenicol, and that a saponified inclusion containing 100 grams of florfenicol would be 80+70 to 150 dollars per market price. The price of the saponified inclusion seems to be higher than that of the florfenicol which is directly used, but the sterilization effective time of the saponified inclusion is 5.4 times that of the florfenicol. Within the same sterilization effective time, the use cost contrast of the saponified inclusion and florfenicol is 150/5.4 to 70, namely 0.4: 1. therefore, the method can greatly reduce the use cost of the antibacterial drug. Moreover, if the method can realize large-scale production, the cost can be further reduced.
Example 2
A method for preparing a saponification coated antibacterial drug for aquaculture comprises the following specific steps:
(1) esterification reaction: into a reaction tank having a volume of 5L, 1000mL of lard, 350mL of ethanol (95% volume fraction), 800mL of purified water were added. Because the lard is in a condensation state at normal temperature, the lard needs to be slightly heated to about 60 ℃ to melt the grease. Then adding 120 g of sodium hydroxide solid, mechanically stirring until the sodium hydroxide solid is dissolved, sealing the reaction tank, heating to 120 ℃, and keeping the heating state for about 1 hour.
(2) Medicine wrapping: opening a pressure reducing valve of the reaction tank, opening the reaction tank after the air pressure in the reaction tank is reduced to normal pressure, keeping the heating state at 120 ℃, adding 350 g of quinolone, mechanically stirring until the medicaments are completely mixed, clarifying and brightening the solution, then closing the reaction tank, and gradually stopping heating.
(3) Transferring the semi-coagulated oily matter to a product tank when the temperature is reduced to 50-60 ℃, and obtaining a soap-shaped solid product after the temperature is reduced to normal temperature. The product is the needed drug saponification inclusion, which can be cut into different shapes and stored separately according to the needs of users.
The difference of the drug performance of the two methods of the saponification inclusion body and the direct drug administration of the quinolone drug to the water body is compared by taking a certain experimental pond as a research object. We delivered 100 g of quinolone and a self-prepared saponified inclusion of drug containing 100 g of quinolone to two experimental ponds of the same conditions (the weight of saponified inclusion is about 1.3-2.8 kg depending on the kind of fat used), followed by sampling at regular intervals and detecting the concentration of quinolone in water by GC-MS, and the test results are shown in fig. 4. As shown in the figure, in the pond for directly using the medicine, after the quinolone is added, the concentration of the quinolone in the water body is up to 630 mu g/L, but then is rapidly reduced, and the concentration is only 38 mu g/L after 3 days; while the initial quinolone concentration in the pond containing the quinolone saponified inclusion complex was 332. mu.g/L, the subsequent decrease in quinolone concentration, although continuing, was significantly slower than the direct application, and after 5 days the quinolone concentration was 61. mu.g/L. The effective time of the saponified inclusion is 5 days and the effective time of the direct application is 2 days, and the effective time of the saponified inclusion is 2.5 times of the effective time of the direct application. Therefore, the method can reduce the consumption of the quinolone, reduce the cost and protect the environment.
Example 3
A method for preparing a saponification coated antibacterial drug for aquaculture comprises the following specific steps:
(1) esterification reaction: in a reaction tank with a volume of 5L, 1000mL of commercial blend oil, 400mL of ethanol (95% volume fraction), 600mL of purified water, and 200mL of an aqueous solution containing 40% by mass of sodium hydroxide were added, mechanically stirred until the mixture was homogeneous, the reaction tank was closed, heated to 110 ℃, and kept in the heated state for 60 minutes.
(2) Medicine wrapping: opening a pressure reducing valve of the reaction tank, opening the reaction tank after the air pressure in the reaction tank is reduced to normal pressure, keeping the temperature of 110 ℃ unchanged, adding 700 g of sulfanilamide medicine, mechanically stirring until the medicine is completely mixed, clarifying and brightening the solution, then closing the reaction tank, and gradually stopping heating.
(3) Transferring the semi-coagulated oily matter to a product tank when the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, and obtaining a soap-shaped solid product after the temperature is reduced to normal temperature. The product is the sulfonamide saponification inclusion, and can be cut according to the needs of users to obtain saponifiable matter with different sizes and shapes, and is subpackaged and stored.
The difference of the drug performance of the sulfonamide saponification inclusion and the direct drug administration on the water body is compared by taking a certain experimental pond as a research object. 100 g of sulfanilamide and a self-prepared drug saponification inclusion containing 100 g of sulfanilamide (the weight of the saponification inclusion is 1.1-2.5 kg and is different according to the types of used grease) are respectively delivered to two experimental ponds with the same conditions, then sampling is carried out at regular time, the concentration of sulfanilamide in water body is detected by GC-MS, and the test result is shown in figure 5. As shown in the figure, in the pond directly using the medicine, the concentration of sulfanilamide reaches 570 mug/L after the medicine is used, then the concentration is rapidly reduced, and the concentration is 47 mug/L after 24 hours; in the pond for taking the saponified inclusion, the concentration of sulfanilamide is kept stable within 6 hours after taking the medicine, and does not decline until 6 hours later, and the concentration is still maintained at 54 mug/L after 72 hours later. With 50 mug/L as effective concentration, the effective time of the saponified inclusion is more than 72 hours, the effective time of the direct application is less than 24 hours, and the effective time of the saponified inclusion is more than 3 times of the effective time of the direct application. The method is beneficial to slow release of the sulfonamides, and can reduce the dosage of the sulfonamides, reduce the cost and reduce the environmental hazard.
The pond used in the experiment is a special experimental area (figure 6), the used reagents are all in a safe range, and the water body is not discharged outside before reaching the safety standard, so that the problem of environmental pollution is not involved. After 7 days of drug experiments, the crayfish samples in the pond are observed, the survival state is good, simple dissection is carried out, all parts of the internal organs of the crayfish are quite clean, and no signs such as bacterial plaque and the like are generated (figure 7), the method is preliminarily shown to have obvious sterilization effect, the bacterial infection phenomenon in aquaculture is remarkably inhibited, and no obvious side effect is generated in crayfish growth and breeding.
In addition, antibacterial drugs such as pesticides and veterinary drugs are generally high in toxicity, and risks of mistaken taking by children or suicide of extreme groups exist. The saponification inclusion is a soap solid which is difficult to swallow, so that the risk of mistakenly taking the medicine by special people such as children can be obviously avoided. Even under the conditions of extreme suicide of people and the like, the slow dissolution speed of the saponified inclusion can also ensure that the toxicity is slow to the human body, thereby being convenient for seeking medical services and salvation. Therefore, compared with the antibacterial drug which is directly used, the saponified inclusion body of the antibacterial drug designed by the project is an extremely safe drug release preparation.
The above description is only a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made on the design concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing a saponification coated antibacterial drug for aquaculture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding natural oil into a reaction tank, wherein the weight ratio of the natural oil: ethanol: adding ethanol and water according to the volume ratio of (0.75-1) to (0.85-1.1) to (1.5-2.5), adding sodium hydroxide solid according to the volume mass ratio of 1:0.06-0.25 of natural oil and sodium hydroxide, stirring until the sodium hydroxide solid is dissolved, sealing a reaction tank, heating to the temperature of 120 ℃ plus 100 ℃, keeping the air pressure in the tank at 0.3-0.6MPa, and keeping the heating state for 50-70 minutes;
(2) opening a pressure reducing valve of the reaction tank, reducing the pressure in the reaction tank from 0.3-0.6MPa to normal pressure, opening the reaction tank, keeping the heating state at the temperature of 100-120 ℃, and mixing the natural oil and the antibacterial agent according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.25-0.75 percent of antibacterial agent is added, the mixture is mechanically stirred until the antibacterial agent is completely and uniformly mixed, the solution is clear and transparent, then the reaction tank is closed, and the heating is stopped until the reaction tank is cooled to the room temperature;
(3) and when the temperature is reduced to 55-65 ℃, transferring the semi-coagulated oily matter to a product tank, and continuously cooling to normal temperature for coagulation to obtain the saponified-coated antibacterial medicament.
2. The method of claim 1 for preparing a saponified coated antimicrobial medicament for use in aquaculture, comprising: the natural oil is selected from vegetable oil or animal oil, and when the vegetable oil is adopted, the vegetable oil added into the reaction tank is as follows: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 1 (0.85-1.1) to (1.5-2.5), when animal oil is adopted, the animal oil is heated to be molten, and the animal oil is added: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 0.75 (0.85-1.1) to (1.5-2.5).
3. The method of claim 1 for preparing a saponified coated antimicrobial medicament for use in aquaculture, comprising: the antibacterial drug in the step (2) is selected from any one of florfenicol, quinolone drugs and sulfonamide drugs, wherein the mass ratio of the added florfenicol to the natural oil is 1:0.45-0.55, the mass ratio of the added quinolone drugs to the natural oil is 1:0.25-0.45, and the mass ratio of the added sulfonamide drugs to the natural oil is 1: 0.65-0.75.
4. The method of claim 1 for preparing a saponified coated antimicrobial medicament for use in aquaculture, comprising: the solid sodium hydroxide added in the step (1) can be replaced by an equal amount of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
5. Use of a saponification coated antibacterial agent according to any one of claims 1-4, characterised in that: is used for sterilization in aquaculture.
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