CN114532046A

CN114532046A - Crop harvesting equipment

Info

Publication number: CN114532046A
Application number: CN202210188493.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王艳花
Original assignee: Southwest University
Current assignee: Southwest University
Priority date: 2022-02-28
Filing date: 2022-02-28
Publication date: 2022-05-27
Anticipated expiration: 2042-02-28
Also published as: CN114532046B

Abstract

The invention discloses crop harvesting equipment, in particular to harvesting sweet potatoes, which comprises a vehicle body, a cutting unit for cutting sweet potato vines, a crushing unit for primarily processing the sweet potato vines, a sweet potato digging unit and a sweet potato stem and mud removing unit; the underground sweet potatoes are synchronously harvested in the process of harvesting the sweet potato vines on the ground part, the underground sweet potatoes do not need to be harvested after the sweet potato vines are harvested, and the working efficiency of harvesting the sweet potatoes is greatly improved; remove stem desilt unit and can clear away the sweet potato stem of sweet potato one time ground when reaping the sweet potato, effectively prevent to twine the equipment at the in-process sweet potato stem that reaps the sweet potato and lead to equipment to damage.

Description

Crop harvesting equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of crop harvesting equipment, in particular to harvesting equipment for crops.

Background

The sweet potato is a high-yield and strong-adaptability crop, in the traditional sweet potato harvesting process, an artificial mode is generally adopted, firstly, sweet potato vines on the ground are harvested, then, the sweet potatoes below the ground are dug out, the sweet potatoes generally grow on sweet potato stems underground, the sweet potatoes need to be picked from the sweet potato stems, the steps are multiple, and the labor amount of harvesting workers is large. The harvesters in the market can harvest the sweet potatoes underground after harvesting the sweet potato vines on the ground, and the consumed time is long; when the sweet potatoes below the ground are harvested, the sweet potato stems are likely to be wound on the machine, so that the machine is damaged. The inventor of the application provides a crop harvester for harvesting sweet potatoes below the ground synchronously in the process of harvesting sweet potato vines. .

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide crop harvesting equipment.

The invention aims to realize the technical scheme, which comprises a vehicle body, a cutting unit for cutting sweet potato vines, a crushing unit for primarily processing the sweet potato vines, a sweet potato excavating unit and a sweet potato stem and mud removing unit, wherein the cutting unit is arranged at the front part of the vehicle body, the crushing unit is arranged in the vehicle body, the crushing unit is connected with the cutting unit, the sweet potato excavating unit is arranged in the vehicle body and behind the cutting unit, the sweet potato excavating unit is in transmission connection with the cutting unit, the stem and mud removing unit is arranged in the vehicle body, and an outlet of the sweet potato excavating unit is connected with an inlet of the stem and mud removing unit;

the stem and mud removing unit comprises a plurality of first conveying rollers, the axes of the first conveying rollers are mutually parallel and rotatably arranged in the vehicle body, the axes of the first conveying rollers are all positioned in the same feeding plane, and the feeding plane is obliquely arranged, the inlet of the feeding plane is lower than the outlet, a first rotating shaft for winding sweet potato stems is rotatably arranged above the first conveying roller along the feeding plane at intervals, the outer wall of the first rotating shaft is provided with a flexible strip which can be opened when the first rotating shaft rotates and is used for preliminarily cleaning soil on sweet potatoes and simultaneously winding sweet potato stems on the first rotating shaft, a first blade used for cutting the sweet potatoes from the first rotating shaft is fixedly arranged on the front side of the first rotating shaft in the advancing direction of the sweet potatoes in the vehicle body, the first rotating shaft is also provided with a clearing and cutting assembly for clearing the sweet potato stems wound on the first rotating shaft.

Preferably, the outer wall of the first rotating shaft is elastically connected with an unfolding block through a coil spring, and the flexible strap is fixedly connected to the unfolding block; the clearing and cutting assembly comprises a pushing ring, the pushing ring is horizontally and slidably mounted on the first rotating shaft along the axis of the first rotating shaft, a sliding tongue convenient for the pushing ring to pass through an unfolding block is slidably mounted on the inner ring of the pushing ring along the diameter direction of the pushing ring, the top end of the sliding tongue is elastically connected with the pushing ring through a first spring, and the lower end face of the sliding tongue is in contact with the outer wall of the first rotating shaft; a shaft shoulder is arranged at one end of the first rotating shaft, an upper blade seat and a lower blade seat which are synchronously opened and closed are vertically slidably arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the position of the shaft shoulder of the first rotating shaft respectively, the upper blade seat and the lower blade seat are both positioned on the inner wall of one side of the vehicle body, and second blades are fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the upper blade seat and the lower end surface of the lower blade seat;

a first pulley is rotatably mounted in the vehicle body, a balancing weight is fixedly connected to the upper blade seat, the pushing ring is connected with the balancing weight through a steel wire rope passing through the first pulley, a first air cylinder is fixedly mounted in the vehicle body, and the telescopic end of the first air cylinder is fixedly connected to the pushing ring;

the upper blade seat is characterized in that a first rack is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the upper blade seat, a second rack is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the lower blade seat, a first gear is installed in the vehicle body in a rotating mode, the first rack and the second rack are located on two sides of the first gear respectively, and the first rack and the second rack are in meshing transmission with the first gear.

Preferably, the cutting unit comprises a mounting box, the mounting box is horizontally and slidably mounted on the bottom end face of the vehicle body, a saw blade used for cutting off the sweet potato vine on the ground is mounted in the mounting box in a rotating mode, a protection window convenient for the saw blade to extend out is arranged on the front side wall of the mounting box, and the saw blade part penetrates through the protection window to extend out of the safety rotating box.

Preferably, the crushing unit comprises an inclined feeding table, the inclined feeding table is arranged on the front end face of the vehicle body, a bottom inlet of the inclined feeding table is located above the mounting box, a treatment cavity is arranged at a top outlet of the inclined feeding table and located in the vehicle body, two feeding rollers for feeding sweet potato vines are rotatably mounted at inlet positions of the treatment cavity, a second rotating shaft with an axis parallel to the axis of the feeding rollers is rotatably mounted on one side of each feeding roller, a third blade for cutting the long-strip-shaped sweet potato vines into short strips is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft, a third rotating shaft with an axis parallel to the axis of the second rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on one side of the second rotating shaft, and fourth blades for further cutting the sweet potato vines into pieces are fixedly mounted on the third rotating shaft at equal intervals along the axial direction of the third rotating shaft, fifth blades are fixedly arranged in the treatment cavity at equal intervals along the axial direction of a third rotating shaft, the fifth blades and the fourth blades are arranged in the axial direction of the third rotating shaft in a crossed and spaced mode, a feeding groove for feeding primarily processed sweet potato vines out of the vehicle body is obliquely arranged on one side of the third rotating shaft in the treatment cavity, and a first material collecting groove is arranged on one side wall of the vehicle body at the position of an outlet of the feeding groove;

the automatic feeding device is characterized in that a first motor is fixedly mounted on one side wall of the vehicle body, an output shaft of the first motor is in transmission connection with the feeding roller, a driving gear is fixedly connected to the feeding roller, the driving gear on the feeding roller is in transmission engagement with one another, a first belt wheel is fixedly connected to the feeding roller, a second belt wheel and a third belt wheel are fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft, the first belt wheel is in belt transmission connection with the second belt wheel, a fourth belt wheel is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft, and the fourth belt wheel is in belt transmission connection with the third belt wheel.

Preferably, the sweet potato excavating unit comprises two excavating plates which are arranged oppositely, the two excavating plates are connected through a plurality of connecting rods, a fourth rotating shaft is arranged in the vehicle body, the two excavating plates are fixedly connected to the fourth rotating shaft, a driving worm wheel is fixedly connected to the fourth rotating shaft, a second motor is fixedly mounted in the vehicle body, a fifth rotating shaft is fixedly mounted in the vehicle body and is connected with an output shaft of the second motor in a transmission manner, a smooth section and a threaded section are arranged in the fifth rotating shaft, a driving worm is fixedly connected to the smooth section of the fifth rotating shaft, the driving worm is meshed with the driving worm wheel, and the threaded section of the fifth rotating shaft is connected with the rotating boxes in a transmission manner through threads.

Preferably, a sixth rotating shaft which is parallel to the first rotating shaft and used for further removing the sweet potato stems is rotatably arranged above the feeding plane, the sixth rotating shaft is also connected with a flexible strip through an unfolding block, and a clearing and cutting assembly is also arranged on the sixth rotating shaft;

one side fixed mounting of automobile body has the third motor, the third motor with first pivot transmission is connected, one side fixed mounting of automobile body has the fourth motor, the fourth motor with sixth pivot transmission is connected, one side fixed mounting of automobile body has the motor case, the equal fixed mounting of second motor, third motor, fourth motor and first cylinder is in the motor incasement.

Preferably, the pay-off exit position department level of first transfer roller is rotated and is provided with a plurality of second transfer rollers, the top of second transfer roller is provided with seventh pivot and eighth pivot, equal rigid coupling has the brush hair that is used for further cleaning the earth on the sweet potato on the outer wall of seventh pivot and eighth pivot, one side fixed mounting of automobile body has the fifth motor, the output shaft of fifth motor with seventh pivot transmission is connected, the rigid coupling has the fifth band pulley in the seventh pivot, the rigid coupling has the sixth band pulley in the eighth pivot, be connected through belt drive between fifth band pulley and the sixth band pulley.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the invention simultaneously harvests and processes the sweet potato vines on the ground when harvesting the sweet potatoes, and does not need to harvest the sweet potatoes below the ground after harvesting the sweet potato vines, thereby greatly reducing the working time and improving the efficiency of harvesting the sweet potatoes.

2. According to the invention, after the first rotating shaft rotates to drive the unfolding block to unfold, the flexible strip on the unfolding block rotates along with the first rotating shaft under the action of centrifugal force, the stems of sweet potatoes below the ground can be effectively wound on the first rotating shaft in the rotating process, and meanwhile, one end of the flexible strip is in contact with the surface of the sweet potatoes which are just conveyed to the first conveying roller and have a large amount of soil, so that the soil on the sweet potatoes can be initially fanned down by the flexible strip.

3. According to the invention, the first rotating shaft and the seventh rotating shaft are arranged, so that the rootstocks of the sweet potatoes below the ground can be effectively collected, and the rootstocks of the sweet potatoes are prevented from being wound on other structures in the vehicle body in the process of harvesting and digging the sweet potatoes to a great extent.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.

Drawings

The drawings of the present invention are described below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a stem and mud removing unit;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure at the push ring position;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the upper and lower insert seats within the vehicle body;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the interior of the mounting box;

FIG. 6 is a top view of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 6;

fig. 8 is a schematic view of the structure inside the motor case.

In the figure: 1. a vehicle body; 2. a first transfer roller; 3. a first rotating shaft; 4. a flexible strap; 5. a first blade; 6. unfolding the block; 7. a push ring; 8. a sliding tongue; 9. an upper blade seat; 10. a lower blade seat; 11. a second blade; 12. a first pulley; 13. a balancing weight; 14. a wire rope; 15. a first cylinder; 16. a first rack; 17. a second rack; 18. a first gear; 19. mounting a box; 20. a saw blade; 21. inclining the feeding table; 22. a treatment chamber; 23. a feed roller; 24. A second rotating shaft; 25. a third blade; 26. a third rotating shaft; 27. a fourth blade; 28. a fifth blade; 29. a feed chute; 30. a first material collecting groove; 31. a first motor; 32. a drive gear; 33. a first pulley; 34. a second pulley; 35. a third belt pulley; 36. a fourth pulley; 37. excavating a plate; 38. fixing the rod; 39. a fourth rotating shaft; 40. a drive turbine; 41. a second motor; 42. a fifth rotating shaft; 43. a drive worm; 44. a sixth rotating shaft; 45. a third motor; 46. a fourth motor; 47. a motor case; 48. a second transfer roller; 49. a seventh rotating shaft; 50. brushing; 51. and a fifth motor.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the device comprises a vehicle body 1, a cutting unit for cutting sweet potato vines, a smashing unit for primarily processing the sweet potato vines, a sweet potato digging unit and a sweet potato stem and mud removing unit, wherein the cutting unit is arranged at the front part of the vehicle body 1, the smashing unit is arranged inside the vehicle body 1, the smashing unit is connected with the cutting unit, the sweet potato digging unit is arranged in the vehicle body 1 behind the cutting unit and is in transmission connection with the cutting unit, the stem and mud removing unit is arranged in the vehicle body 1, and an outlet of the sweet potato digging unit is connected with an inlet of the stem and mud removing unit;

the stem and mud removing unit comprises a plurality of first conveying rollers 2, the axes of the first conveying rollers 2 are mutually parallel and rotatably arranged in the vehicle body 1, the axes of the first conveyor rolls 2 are all located in the same feeding plane and the feeding plane is arranged obliquely, the inlet of the feeding plane is lower than the outlet, a first rotating shaft 3 for winding sweet potato stems is rotatably arranged above the first conveying roller 2 along the feeding plane at intervals, the outer wall of the first rotating shaft 3 is provided with a flexible strip 4 which can be opened when the first rotating shaft 3 rotates and is used for preliminarily cleaning soil on sweet potatoes and simultaneously winding sweet potato stems on the first rotating shaft 3, a first blade 5 used for cutting the sweet potatoes from the first rotating shaft 3 is fixedly arranged at the front side of the first rotating shaft 3 in the advancing direction of the sweet potatoes in the vehicle body 1, the first rotating shaft 3 is also provided with a clearing and cutting assembly for clearing sweet potato stems wound on the first rotating shaft 3.

After entering the sweet potato planting field, the second motor 41 is started to drive the sweet potato digging unit to stretch into the ground, meanwhile, the cutting unit is driven to stretch out of the vehicle body 1 and the ground part of the sweet potatoes, then the vehicle body 1 moves forward, and in the process of cutting the sweet potato vines on the ground, the sweet potato digging unit simultaneously digs out the sweet potatoes and the roots of the sweet potatoes from the ground.

The cut sweet potato vines enter a crushing unit along an inclined feeding table 21 on the front end face of the vehicle body 1, fall into a first material collecting groove 30 after being primarily processed in the crushing unit, and then can be used as animal feed; the dug sweet potato stems with sweet potatoes pass through the sweet potato digging unit and then enter the stem and mud removing unit. The first conveying rollers 2 rotate to convey sweet potatoes to feed obliquely upwards, the sweet potatoes are shaken to a certain degree in the process of obliquely upwards transferring on each first conveying roller 2, most of soil is shaken off the sweet potatoes, the first rotating shaft 3 at the inlet position of the stem and mud removing unit rotates, the flexible strip 4 rotates along with the sweet potatoes under the action of centrifugal force, one part of the flexible strip 4 is in contact with the sweet potatoes in the rotating process of the flexible strip 4, the effect of cleaning mud on the sweet potatoes is achieved, meanwhile, the flexible strip 4 also winds stems of the sweet potatoes onto the first rotating shaft 3, and the stems of the sweet potatoes are cut off on the first blade 5 under the action of centrifugal force in the rotating process to be separated from the sweet potatoes. After working for a period of time, the removing and cutting assembly removes and cuts the sweet potato stems wound on the first rotating shaft 3. In the invention, the first blade 5 is positioned at one side of the first rotating shaft 3, and the blade of the first blade 5 is positioned near the junction position between the growing sweet potato and the sweet potato stem on the sweet potato stem in the process that the sweet potato stem is driven by the first rotating shaft 3 to rotate, so that the sweet potato is prevented from being damaged.

The invention simultaneously harvests and processes the sweet potato vines on the ground when harvesting the sweet potatoes, and does not need to harvest the sweet potatoes below the ground after harvesting the sweet potato vines, thereby greatly reducing the working time and improving the efficiency of harvesting the sweet potatoes.

As shown in the figure, the outer wall of the first rotating shaft 3 is elastically connected with a spreading block 6 through a coil spring, and the flexible strap 4 is fixedly connected to the spreading block 6; the clearing and cutting assembly comprises a pushing ring 7, the pushing ring 7 is horizontally installed on the first rotating shaft 3 in a sliding mode along the axis of the first rotating shaft 3, a sliding tongue 8 convenient for the pushing ring 7 to pass through an unfolding block 6 is installed on the inner ring of the pushing ring 7 in a sliding mode along the diameter direction of the pushing ring 7, the top end of the sliding tongue 8 is elastically connected with the pushing ring 7 through a first spring, and the lower end face of the sliding tongue 8 is in contact with the outer wall of the first rotating shaft 3; a shaft shoulder is arranged at one end of the first rotating shaft 3, an upper blade seat 9 and a lower blade seat 10 which are synchronously opened and closed are vertically slidably arranged and rotated on the upper side and the lower side of the shaft shoulder position of the first rotating shaft 3 respectively, the upper blade seat 9 and the lower blade seat 10 are both positioned on the inner wall of one side of the vehicle body 1, and a second blade 11 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the upper blade seat 9 and the lower end surface of the lower blade seat 10;

a first pulley 12 is rotatably mounted in the vehicle body 1, a counterweight block 13 is fixedly connected to the upper blade seat 9, the push ring 7 is connected with the counterweight block 13 through a steel wire rope 14 passing through the first pulley 12, a first cylinder 15 is fixedly mounted in the vehicle body 1, and the telescopic end of the first cylinder 15 is fixedly connected to the push ring 7;

the upper blade seat 9 is fixedly connected with a first rack 16 on the lower end face thereof, the lower blade seat 10 is fixedly connected with a second rack 17 on the upper end face thereof, a first gear 18 is rotatably mounted on the vehicle body 1, the first rack 16 and the second rack 17 are respectively located on two sides of the first gear 18, and the first rack 16 and the second rack 17 are in meshing transmission with the first gear 18.

In one embodiment of the invention, during the rotation of the first rotating shaft 3, the unfolding block 6 is firstly unfolded, and then the flexible strip 4 is also rotated and unfolded by centrifugal force, and the sweet potato stems wound and rolled up by the flexible strip 4 are wound on the first rotating shaft 3 through the unfolding block 6. When the first rotating shaft 3 needs to be cleaned, the first rotating shaft 3 stops rotating, then the pushing ring 7 axially slides along the first rotating shaft 3 under the action of the first air cylinder 15, the sliding tongues 8 are arranged around the axis of the first rotating shaft 3 at intervals of 90 degrees in a surrounding manner, the sliding tongues 8 push the sweet potato stems wound on the first rotating shaft 3 forwards in the sliding process of the pushing ring 7, the sliding tongues 8 automatically contract when passing through the unfolding block 6 and extend out after passing, the upper blade seat 9 and the lower blade seat 10 automatically slide into the shaft shoulder on the first rotating shaft 3 in the axial movement process of the pushing ring 7 along the first rotating shaft 3, the pushing ring 7 pushes the sweet potato stems wound on the first rotating shaft 3 to the shaft shoulder position, the sweet potato stems are respectively sleeved on the upper blade seat 9 and the lower blade seat 10, then the first air cylinder 15 drives the pushing ring 7 to reset, the upper blade seat 9 is driven to move upwards through the pulley in the resetting process, and the lower blade seat 10 moves downwards at the same time, the sweet potato stem that the realization was on with first pivot 3 cuts off, and the sweet potato stem that cuts off falls from the left and right sides of first pivot 3, and it is outside to fall to automobile body 1, has avoided the sweet potato to reap in-process sweet potato stem winding to equipment on and damage equipment.

The cutting unit is including mounting box 19, mounting box 19 horizontal sliding mounting be in on the bottom face of

automobile body

1, 19 internal rotations of mounting box are installed and are used for cutting off the saw bit 20 of ground part sweet potato vine, set up the protection window that is convenient for saw bit 20 to stretch out on the lateral wall before the mounting box 19, saw bit 20 part passes the protection window and stretches out outside the safety box.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting box 19 is slidably mounted on the bottom end surface of the vehicle body 1 through a slide rail, and when the ground sweet potato vine needs to be cut off, the second motor 41 is started to drive the mounting box 19 to move forward. The mounting box 19 is internally and fixedly provided with a sixth motor, the sixth motor is in transmission connection with the saw blades 20 in the mounting box 19 through a worm gear, in order to improve the cutting efficiency, the two saw blades 20 are arranged, and the saw blades 20 are in transmission connection through a belt. One part of the saw blade 20 extends out of the mounting box 19 through the protection window, so that the problem that the sweet potato vines are wound on the saw blade 20 when the ground part of the sweet potato vines is cut can be effectively avoided.

The smashing unit comprises an inclined feeding table 21, the inclined feeding table 21 is arranged on the front end face of the vehicle body 1, the bottom end inlet of the inclined feeding table 21 is positioned above the mounting box 19, a treatment cavity 22 is arranged at the top end outlet of the inclined feeding table 21, the treatment cavity 22 is positioned in the vehicle body 1, two feeding rollers 23 for feeding sweet potato vines are rotatably arranged at the inlet position of the treatment cavity 22, a second rotating shaft 24 with an axis parallel to the axis of the feeding rollers 23 is rotatably arranged at one side of each feeding roller 23, a third blade 25 for cutting the long-strip sweet potato vines into short is fixedly connected onto the second rotating shaft 24, a third rotating shaft 26 with an axis parallel to the axis of the second rotating shaft 24 is rotatably arranged at one side of the second rotating shaft 24, fourth blades 27 for further shearing the sweet potato vines into pieces are fixedly arranged on the third rotating shaft 26 at equal intervals along the axial direction of the third rotating shaft 26, fifth blades 28 are fixedly installed in the processing cavity 22 at equal intervals along the axial direction of a third rotating shaft 26, the fifth blades 28 and fourth blades 27 are arranged in the axial direction of the third rotating shaft 26 in a crossed and spaced mode, a feeding groove 29 for sending primarily processed sweet potato vines out of the vehicle body 1 is obliquely arranged on one side of the third rotating shaft 26 in the processing cavity 22, and a first material collecting groove 30 is arranged on one side wall of the vehicle body 1 at the outlet position of the feeding groove 29;

a first motor 31 is fixedly mounted on one side wall of the vehicle body 1, an output shaft of the first motor 31 is in transmission connection with the feed roller 23, a drive gear 32 is fixedly connected to the feed roller 23, the drive gear 32 on the feed roller 23 is in transmission engagement with each other, a first belt pulley 33 is fixedly connected to the feed roller 23, a second belt pulley 34 and a third belt pulley 35 are fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft 24, the first belt pulley 33 is in belt transmission connection with the second belt pulley 34, a fourth belt pulley 36 is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft 26, and the fourth belt pulley 36 is in belt transmission connection with the third belt pulley 35.

In one embodiment of the invention, when the vehicle body 1 advances, the sweet potato vine cut by the ground lift enters the processing cavity 22 under the action of the inclined feeding table 21, the first motor 31 is started in the processing cavity 22 to drive the two feeding rollers 23 to rotate relatively, and the sweet potato vine is fed into the processing cavity 22 from between the two feeding rollers 23 in the rotating process. The feeding roller 23 drives the second rotating shaft 24 to rotate through belt transmission between the first belt wheel 33 and the second belt wheel 34, so that the third blade 25 cuts the sweet potato vines fed by the feeding roller 23 into short sections, and the short sections of the sweet potato vines fly to the position of the third rotating shaft 26 under the action of centrifugal force. When the second rotating shaft 24 rotates, the third rotating shaft 26 is driven to rotate through the belt transmission of the third belt wheel 35 and the fourth belt wheel 36, when the short-section sweet potato vine flies to the position of the third rotating shaft 26, the short-section sweet potato vine is chopped under the combined action of the four blades on the third rotating shaft 26 and the fifth blade 28 in the processing cavity 22, and the chopped sweet potato vine falls into the first material collecting groove 30 through the feeding groove 29.

Sweet potato excavating unit is including two relative excavation plates 37 that set up, connect through a plurality of connecting rods 38 between two excavation plates 37, 1 internal rotation of automobile body is provided with fourth pivot 39, two equal rigid couplings of excavation plate 37 are in on the fourth pivot 39, the rigid coupling has drive worm wheel 40 on the fourth pivot 39, fixed mounting has second motor 41 in the automobile body 1, fixed mounting has fifth pivot 42 in the automobile body 1, fifth pivot 42 with the output shaft transmission of second motor 41 is connected, be provided with smooth section and screw thread section on the fifth pivot 42, the rigid coupling has drive worm 43 on the smooth section of fifth pivot 42, drive worm 43 with the meshing of drive worm wheel 40, the screw thread section of fifth pivot 42 with through screw thread transmission connection between the ampere box.

In an embodiment of the present invention, when the sweet potato digging unit needs to start working, the second motor 41 is started to drive the fifth rotating shaft 42 to rotate, and the digging plate 37 is driven to turn over by the driving worm 43 and the driving worm wheel 40, so that the digging plate 37 extends into the ground during the movement of the vehicle body 1 to lift out the sweet potato stems and sweet potatoes. Because the threaded section on the fifth rotating shaft 42 is in threaded transmission connection with the mounting box 19, the mounting box 19 is driven to move forwards in the rotating process of the fifth rotating shaft 42, so that the sweet potato vines on the ground part cut by the saw blade 20 can enter the processing cavity 22 along the inclined feeding table 21. After the excavation is finished, the second motor 41 is started to rotate reversely, so that the excavation plate 37 and the mounting box 19 are driven to reset.

A sixth rotating shaft 44 which is parallel to the first rotating shaft 3 and used for further removing sweet potato stems is rotatably arranged above the feeding plane, the sixth rotating shaft 44 is also connected with a flexible strip 4 through an unfolding block 6, and a clearing and cutting assembly is also arranged on the sixth rotating shaft 44;

one side fixed mounting of automobile body 1 has third motor 45, third motor 45 with the transmission of first pivot 3 is connected, one side fixed mounting of automobile body 1 has fourth motor 46, fourth motor 46 with the transmission of sixth pivot 44 is connected, one side fixed mounting of automobile body 1 has motor case 47, the equal fixed mounting of second motor 41, third motor 45, fourth motor 46 and first cylinder 15 is in the motor case 47.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the sixth rotating shaft 44 is provided to further clean the missing sweet potato stems; when the first rotating shaft 3 stops rotating and removing the sweet potato stems on the first rotating shaft 3, the sixth rotating shaft 44 rotates, the sweet potato stems on the first rotating shaft 3 can be removed under the condition of no stopping, when the sixth rotating shaft 44 stops removing the sweet potato stems wound on the sixth rotating shaft 44, the first rotating shaft 3 can be rotated certainly, and omission can be prevented from being generated in the process of removing the sweet potato stems on the first rotating shaft 3 or the sixth rotating shaft 44.

The horizontal rotation of pay-off exit position department of first transfer roller 2 is provided with a plurality of second transfer rollers 48, the top of second transfer roller 48 is provided with seventh pivot 49 and eighth pivot, equal rigid coupling has the brush hair 50 that is used for further cleaning the earth on the sweet potato on the outer wall of seventh pivot 49 and eighth pivot, one side fixed mounting of automobile body 1 has fifth motor 51, fifth motor 51's output shaft with seventh pivot 49 transmission is connected, the rigid coupling has the fifth band pulley on the seventh pivot 49, the rigid coupling has the sixth band pulley in the eighth pivot, be connected through the belt drive between fifth band pulley and the sixth band pulley.

When the sweet potatoes pass through the second conveying roller 48, the seventh rotating shaft 49 and the eighth rotating shaft rotate, the remaining soil on the sweet potatoes is further brushed down by the flexible bristles 50 on the seventh rotating shaft 49 and the eighth rotating shaft, and then the sweet potatoes fall into the second collecting groove. Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims

1. The crop harvesting equipment is characterized by comprising an automobile body (1), a cutting unit for cutting sweet potato vines, a smashing unit for primarily processing the sweet potato vines, a sweet potato digging unit and a sweet potato stem and mud removing unit, wherein the cutting unit is arranged at the front part of the automobile body (1), the smashing unit is arranged inside the automobile body (1), the smashing unit is connected with the cutting unit, the sweet potato digging unit is arranged in the automobile body (1) and behind the cutting unit, the sweet potato digging unit is in transmission connection with the cutting unit, the stem and mud removing unit is arranged in the automobile body (1), and an outlet of the sweet potato digging unit is connected with an inlet of the stem and mud removing unit;

the stem and mud removing unit comprises a plurality of first conveying rollers (2), the axes of the first conveying rollers (2) are mutually parallel and rotatably arranged in the vehicle body (1), the axes of the first conveying rollers (2) are positioned in the same feeding plane and the feeding plane is obliquely arranged, the inlet of the feeding plane is lower than the outlet, first rotating shafts (3) used for winding sweet potato stems are rotatably arranged above the first conveying rollers (2) along the feeding plane at intervals, flexible strips (4) which can be opened when the first rotating shafts (3) rotate and used for preliminarily cleaning mud on the sweet potatoes and winding the sweet potato stems on the first rotating shafts (3) are arranged on the outer walls of the first rotating shafts (3), first blades (5) used for cutting the sweet potatoes from the first rotating shafts (3) are fixedly arranged on the front sides of the first rotating shafts (3) in the advancing direction of the sweet potatoes in the vehicle body (1), the first rotating shaft (3) is also provided with a clearing and cutting assembly for clearing the sweet potato stems wound on the first rotating shaft (3).

2. The crop harvesting apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the first rotating shaft (3) is elastically connected with a spreading block (6) through a coil spring, and the flexible strap (4) is fixedly connected with the spreading block (6); the clearing and cutting assembly comprises a pushing ring (7), the pushing ring (7) is horizontally installed on the first rotating shaft (3) in a sliding mode along the axis of the first rotating shaft (3), a sliding tongue (8) which is convenient for the pushing ring (7) to pass through an unfolding block (6) is installed on the inner ring of the pushing ring (7) in a sliding mode along the diameter direction of the pushing ring (7), the top end of the sliding tongue (8) is elastically connected with the pushing ring (7) through a first spring, and the lower end face of the sliding tongue (8) is in contact with the outer wall of the first rotating shaft (3); a shaft shoulder is arranged at one end of the first rotating shaft (3), an upper blade seat (9) and a lower blade seat (10) which are synchronously opened and closed are vertically and slidably arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the shaft shoulder position of the first rotating shaft (3) respectively, the upper blade seat (9) and the lower blade seat (10) are both positioned on the inner wall of one side of the vehicle body (1), and a second blade (11) is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the upper blade seat (9) and the lower end surface of the lower blade seat (10);

a first pulley (12) is rotatably mounted in the trolley body (1), a balancing weight (13) is fixedly connected to the upper blade seat (9), the pushing ring (7) is connected with the balancing weight (13) through a steel wire rope (14) passing through the first pulley (12), a first air cylinder (15) is fixedly mounted in the trolley body (1), and a telescopic end of the first air cylinder (15) is fixedly connected to the pushing ring (7);

go up the lower terminal surface of blade seat (9) on the rigid coupling have first rack (16), the rigid coupling has second rack (17) on the up end of lower blade seat (10), first gear (18) are installed to automobile body (1) internal rotation, first rack (16) and second rack (17) are located respectively the both sides of first gear (18), just first rack (16) and second rack (17) all with first gear (18) meshing transmission.

3. The crop harvesting device according to claim 1, wherein the cutting unit comprises a mounting box (19), the mounting box (19) is horizontally and slidably mounted on the bottom end face of the vehicle body (1), a saw blade (20) for cutting off the sweet potato vine on the ground is rotatably mounted in the mounting box (19), a protective window for facilitating the extension of the saw blade (20) is formed in the front side wall of the mounting box (19), and the saw blade (20) partially penetrates through the protective window and extends out of the protective box.

4. The crop harvesting device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing unit comprises an inclined feeding table (21), the inclined feeding table (21) is arranged on the front end face of the vehicle body (1), the bottom inlet of the inclined feeding table (21) is positioned above the mounting box (19), a processing chamber (22) is arranged at the top outlet of the inclined feeding table (21), the processing chamber (22) is positioned in the vehicle body (1), two feeding rollers (23) for feeding sweet potato vines are rotatably arranged at the inlet of the processing chamber (22), a second rotating shaft (24) with an axis parallel to the axis of the feeding rollers (23) is rotatably arranged on one side of the feeding rollers (23), a third blade (25) for cutting the long-strip sweet potato vines is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft (24), and a third rotating shaft (24) with an axis parallel to the axis of the second rotating shaft (24) is rotatably arranged on one side of the second rotating shaft (24) The sweet potato vine cutting machine comprises a shaft (26), wherein fourth blades (27) for further cutting sweet potato vines into pieces are fixedly installed on the third rotating shaft (26) at equal intervals along the axial direction of the third rotating shaft (26), fifth blades (28) are fixedly installed in a processing cavity (22) at equal intervals along the axial direction of the third rotating shaft (26), the fifth blades (28) and the fourth blades (27) are arranged in the axial direction of the third rotating shaft (26) in a crossed and spaced mode, a feeding groove (29) for sending the primarily processed sweet potato vines out of a machine body (1) is obliquely arranged on one side of the third rotating shaft (26) in the processing cavity (22), and a first material collecting groove (30) is arranged on one side wall of the machine body (1) at the outlet position of the feeding groove (29);

fixed mounting has first motor (31) on the lateral wall of automobile body (1), the output shaft of first motor (31) with feed roll (23) transmission is connected, equal rigid coupling has drive gear (32) on feed roll (23), drive gear (32) intermeshing transmission on feed roll (23), the rigid coupling has first band pulley (33) on feed roll (23), the rigid coupling has second band pulley (34) and third band pulley (35) on second pivot (24), first band pulley (33) with belt drive is connected between second band pulley (34), rigid coupling fourth band pulley (36) on third pivot (26), fourth band pulley (36) with third band pulley (35) belt drive is connected.

5. The crop harvesting device according to claim 3, wherein the sweet potato digging unit comprises two digging plates (37) which are oppositely arranged, the two digging plates (37) are connected through a plurality of connecting rods (38), a fourth rotating shaft (39) is rotatably arranged in the vehicle body (1), the two digging plates (37) are fixedly connected to the fourth rotating shaft (39), a driving worm gear (40) is fixedly connected to the fourth rotating shaft (39), a second motor (41) is fixedly arranged in the vehicle body (1), a fifth rotating shaft (42) is fixedly arranged in the vehicle body (1), the fifth rotating shaft (42) is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the second motor (41), a smooth section and a threaded section are arranged on the fifth rotating shaft (42), and a driving worm (43) is fixedly connected to the smooth section of the fifth rotating shaft (42), the driving worm (43) is meshed with the driving worm wheel, and the thread section of the fifth rotating shaft (42) is in transmission connection with the mounting and rotating box through threads.

6. The crop harvesting apparatus according to any of claims 1, 2 or 5, wherein a sixth rotating shaft (44) parallel to the first rotating shaft (3) is rotatably arranged above the feeding plane for further removing the sweet potato stalks, the sixth rotating shaft (44) is also connected with a flexible strip (4) through an unfolding block (6), and the sixth rotating shaft (44) is also provided with a clearing and cutting assembly;

one side fixed mounting of automobile body (1) has third motor (45), third motor (45) with first pivot (3) transmission is connected, one side fixed mounting of automobile body (1) has fourth motor (46), fourth motor (46) with sixth pivot (44) transmission is connected, one side fixed mounting of automobile body (1) has motor case (47), the equal fixed mounting of second motor (41), third motor (45), fourth motor (46) and first cylinder (15) is in motor case (47).

7. The crop harvesting device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of second conveying rollers (48) are horizontally arranged at the position of a feeding outlet of the first conveying roller (2) in a rotating mode, a seventh rotating shaft (49) and an eighth rotating shaft are arranged above the second conveying rollers (48), bristles (50) used for further cleaning soil on sweet potatoes are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the seventh rotating shaft (49) and the eighth rotating shaft, a fifth motor (51) is fixedly mounted on one side of the vehicle body (1), an output shaft of the fifth motor (51) is in transmission connection with the seventh rotating shaft (49), a fifth belt wheel is fixedly connected to the seventh rotating shaft (49), a sixth belt wheel is fixedly connected to the eighth rotating shaft, and the fifth belt wheel is in transmission connection with the sixth belt wheel.