CN114530637A - Voltage balancing device and control method for series lithium battery pack - Google Patents
Voltage balancing device and control method for series lithium battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN114530637A CN114530637A CN202210170056.6A CN202210170056A CN114530637A CN 114530637 A CN114530637 A CN 114530637A CN 202210170056 A CN202210170056 A CN 202210170056A CN 114530637 A CN114530637 A CN 114530637A
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a voltage balancing device and a control method for series lithium battery packs, which are used in a battery Pack1 and a battery Pack2 which are connected in series, two ends of a capacitor C1 are connected to two ends of a battery Pack1 and a battery Pack2 which are connected in series, one end of a first switch S1 is connected with one end of a capacitor C1, the other end of a first switch S1 is connected with one end of a first inductor L1 and an anode of a first diode D1, the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected at a connection position of the battery Pack Pack1 and the battery Pack Pack2, one end of a second switch S2 is connected with one end of a second inductor L2 and a cathode of a second diode D2, the other end of the second switch S2 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C1, an anode of the second diode D2 is connected with one end of a capacitor C1, the other end of a second inductor L2 is connected at a connection position of the battery Pack Pack1 and the battery Pack Pack2, and duty ratios of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are controlled by a controller. The invention can realize the energy conversion in the series battery pack and achieve the aim of balancing the series battery pack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a voltage balancing device and a control method for a series lithium battery pack.
Background
With the wide application of power batteries and energy storage batteries, battery packs packaged into modules (Pack) often need to be connected in series to increase voltage and system capacity. Due to the inconsistency of the battery cells, the situation that the battery packs are inconsistent usually occurs after the battery packs connected in series are used for a period of time. Since the battery pack is managed by the BMS, the BMS performs high voltage protection of the battery pack, discharging low voltage protection of the battery pack, and charging, in consideration of protecting the battery. When the battery packs are inconsistent, the BMS takes the relatively high-voltage battery packs as protection objects during charging; and, when discharged, the BMS may protect the battery pack according to a relatively low voltage. In this case, the battery pack having a relatively low voltage after being connected in series cannot be sufficiently charged, and the battery pack having a relatively high voltage cannot be sufficiently discharged, so that the entire battery after being connected in series cannot be sufficiently utilized. Meanwhile, when the inconsistency continues to spread, the battery pack may eventually become unusable or damaged.
The prior art passive equalization circuit, which is mainly composed of resistors, is not suitable for being designed as a high-power device in view of heat dissipation, so that the device is only suitable for being used under the condition that the unbalance amount of the battery is small. However, in practical use, the power battery or the energy storage battery is often used under high-power charging and discharging conditions, and due to the inconsistency of the BMS or the battery core, the inconsistent state of the battery needs to be balanced by a relatively high-power device. In addition, the resistor itself continuously loses the energy of the battery, which is not an optimal solution for the battery itself.
In addition, in the prior art, an inductor and a switch are also used for energy transition, but the design of the circuit requires the switch to be adjusted on the basis of a larger occupancy ratio (such as 50%). This adjustment method causes a large current ripple in the inductor, and considering that the switch is also lossy, the loss of the switch is also large when the current is large. And the design of the equalization circuit should minimize losses.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a voltage balancing device and method for a series lithium battery pack, which are used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a series lithium battery Pack voltage balancing device is used in a battery Pack Pack1 and a battery Pack Pack2 which are connected in series, and comprises a capacitor C1, a first switch S1, a second switch S2, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first inductor L1 and a second inductor L2, wherein two ends of the capacitor C1 are connected to two ends of the battery Pack Pack1 and the battery Pack Pack2 which are connected in series, one end of the first switch S1 is connected with one end of a capacitor C1, the other end of the first switch S1 is connected with one end of a first inductor L1 and the anode of a first diode D6852, the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected at the connection position of the battery Pack Pack1 and the battery Pack Pack1, one end of the second switch S1 is connected with one end of a second inductor L4974 and the cathode of the second diode D1, the other end of the second switch S1 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C1, and one end of the second diode D1 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C1, the other end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the connection between the battery Pack1 and the battery Pack2, and the duty ratios of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are controlled by the controller.
Furthermore, the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are both MOSFET transistors, a drain of the first switch S1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1, a source of the first switch S1 is connected to one end of the first inductor L1, a drain of the second switch S2 is connected to one end of the second inductor L2, and a source of the second switch S2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1.
The invention provides a control method of the voltage balancing device of the series lithium battery pack, which comprises the following steps,
first, it is determined that the device is permitted to be started when Vhigh > Vpack1> Vlow and Vhigh > Vpack2> Vlow are simultaneously satisfied;
then, judging that Vdelta > Von is met, and starting the device;
secondly, when the Vpack1> Vpack2 is judged to be met, the start controller controls the duty ratio of the first switch S1, otherwise, the start controller controls the duty ratio of the second switch S2;
finally, judging that the device is closed when Vdelta < Voff and Ibat < Iofff are met;
wherein Vpack1 is the voltage of Pack1, Vpack2 is the voltage of Pack2, Vlow is the lowest voltage of the series-connected packs, Vhigh is the highest voltage of the series-connected packs, Ibat is the equalizing inductor current between packs, Vdelta = | Vpack1-Vpack2|, Von is the voltage of the voltage difference between packs with the device turned on, Voff is the voltage of the voltage difference between packs with the device turned off, and Ioff is the inductor current with the device turned off.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention realizes the energy conversion in the series battery pack through a simple circuit mainly composed of energy storage elements, achieves the aim of balancing the series battery pack, and simultaneously reduces the self-loss to a greater extent by using the energy storage elements.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a voltage balancing apparatus for a series lithium battery pack according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a first BUCK circuit in the voltage balancing device of the series lithium battery pack of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a second BUCK circuit in the voltage balancing device of the series lithium battery pack of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the first switch S1 being turned on in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the present invention in which the first switch S1 is turned off.
Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of the second switch S2 being turned on in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of the second switch S2 being turned off in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a control block diagram when the voltage of the battery Pack1 is higher than that of the battery Pack2 in the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a control block diagram when the voltage of the battery Pack2 is higher than that of the battery Pack1 according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a flowchart of a method for controlling the voltage balancing device of the series lithium battery pack according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention will be more clearly and clearly defined.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a voltage balancing device for a series-connected lithium battery Pack, which is used in a series-connected battery Pack1 and battery Pack2 and comprises a capacitor C1, a first switch S1, a second switch S2, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first inductor L1 and a second inductor L2, wherein two ends of the capacitor C1 are connected to two ends of the series-connected battery Pack1 and battery Pack1, one end of the first switch S1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the first switch S1 is connected to one end of the first inductor L1 and the anode of the first diode D1, the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the connection between the battery Pack1 and the battery Pack1, one end of the second switch S1 is connected to one end of the second inductor L1 and the cathode of the second diode D1, the other end of the second switch S1 is connected to the anode of the capacitor Pack1, and the second inductor C1 are connected to the anode of the second inductor C1, the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 each control the duty cycle through the controller.
The first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are both MOSFET transistors, a drain of the first switch S1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C1, a source of the first switch S1 is connected to one end of a first inductor L1, a drain of the second switch S2 is connected to one end of a second inductor L2, and a source of the second switch S2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1.
As shown in fig. 2, the capacitor C1, the first switch S1, the first inductor L1, the battery Pack2, and the first diode D1 form a BUCK circuit, and the battery Pack2 can be charged by the capacitor C1 through the BUCK circuit.
As shown in fig. 3, the capacitor C1, the battery Pack1, the second switch S2, the second inductor L2, and the second diode D2 form a BUCK circuit, and the charging of the battery Pack1 by the capacitor C1 can be realized through the BUCK circuit.
Therefore, the voltage balancing device for the series lithium battery Pack can perform charge balancing by judging the unbalance degree of the battery Pack1 and the battery Pack2 to turn on corresponding circuits.
In a first BUCK circuit composed of a capacitor C1, a first switch S1, a first diode D1, a first inductor L1 and a battery Pack2, since a capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the series battery Pack1 and the battery Pack2, the voltage of the capacitor C1 is always maintained at the total voltage of the series connection of the battery Pack1 and the battery Pack 2; therefore, in practice, when the first switch S1 is turned on, the battery Pack1 supplies energy to the first inductor L1, and the circuit loop is shown in fig. 4; when the first switch S1 is turned off, the battery Pack1 stops delivering energy, the first inductor L1 maintains the original current direction, and forms a freewheeling loop with the battery Pack2 and the first diode D1, so as to charge the battery Pack2 with the energy in the first inductor L1, and the circuit loop is shown in fig. 5. The whole process forms a battery Pack1 to charge the battery Pack 2.
In a second BUCK circuit composed of a capacitor C1, a second switch S2, a second diode D2, a second inductor L2, and a battery Pack 1: because the capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the series-connected battery Pack1 and battery Pack2, the voltage of the capacitor C1 is always maintained at the total voltage of the series-connected battery Pack1 and battery Pack 2; therefore, in practice, when the second switch S2 is turned on, the battery Pack2 supplies energy to the second inductor L2, and the circuit loop is shown in fig. 6; when the second switch S2 is turned off, the battery Pack2 stops transmitting energy, the second inductor L2 maintains the original current direction to form a freewheeling loop with the battery Pack1 and the second diode D2, and charges the battery Pack1 with the energy in the second inductor L2, and the circuit loop is shown in fig. 7. The whole process forms a battery Pack2 to charge the battery Pack 1.
The invention is characterized in that capacitors are arranged at two ends of the battery packs connected in series, a BUCK circuit is respectively designed for the two battery packs at the same time, and the low-voltage battery packs are charged through the capacitors and the corresponding BUCK circuits.
When the voltage of the battery Pack1 and the voltage of the battery Pack2 are unbalanced, two different practical application situations are mainly adopted: when the voltage of the battery Pack1 is higher than that of the battery Pack2, the second switch S2 is in an off state, the duty ratio of the first switch S1 is adjusted, the current of the first inductor L1 is controlled, and the charging current of the battery Pack2 is adjusted. The circuit loop refers to fig. 4 and 5. In order to make the control effect more intelligent, a double-loop control of a voltage outer loop and a current inner loop is introduced, and a control block diagram is shown in fig. 8, wherein Vpack1 is the voltage of a battery Pack1, Vpack2 is the voltage of a battery Pack2, Il1 is the current of a first inductor L1, and S1pwm is the duty ratio of a switch S1. And secondly, when the voltage of the battery Pack2 is higher than that of the battery Pack1, the first switch S1 is in an off state, the duty ratio of the second switch S2 is adjusted, the current of the second inductor L2 is controlled, and the charging current of the battery Pack1 is adjusted. The circuit loop refers to fig. 6 and 7. In order to make the control effect more intelligent, a double-loop control of a voltage outer loop and a current inner loop is introduced, and a control block diagram is shown in fig. 9, wherein Vpack1 is the voltage of a battery Pack1, Vpack2 is the voltage of a battery Pack2, Il2 is the current of a second inductor L2, and S2pwm is the duty ratio of a second switch S2.
By integrating the two different application conditions, the voltage states of the battery Pack1 and the battery Pack2 are judged, so that the corresponding switch circuit and the corresponding control strategy are selected to adjust the voltage of the battery Pack, and finally the battery Pack1 and the battery Pack2 are in a reasonable balance state.
Referring to fig. 10, in order to reduce the loss caused by the circuit operation, the present invention provides a control method of the voltage balancing apparatus for a series lithium battery pack, the control method including the following steps:
first, it is determined that the device is permitted to be started when Vhigh > Vpack1> Vlow and Vhigh > Vpack2> Vlow are simultaneously satisfied;
then, judging that Vdelta > Von is met, and starting the device;
secondly, when the Vpack1> Vpack2 is judged to be met, the start controller controls the duty ratio of the first switch S1, otherwise, the start controller controls the duty ratio of the second switch S2;
finally, judging that the device is closed when Vdelta < Voff and Ibat < Iofff are met;
wherein Vpack1 is the voltage of Pack1, Vpack2 is the voltage of Pack2, Vlow is the lowest voltage of the series-connected packs, Vhigh is the highest voltage of the series-connected packs, Ibat is the equalizing inductor current between packs, Vdelta = | Vpack1-Vpack2|, Von is the voltage of the voltage difference between packs with the device turned on, Voff is the voltage of the voltage difference between packs with the device turned off, and Ioff is the inductor current with the device turned off.
The invention can solve the problem of unbalance among the series battery packs, and simultaneously, the invention uses the capacitor, the inductor, the diode and the switch to overcome the problem of high loss of the existing battery balancing device, and the energy conversion among the series battery packs can be realized through the device to realize the balance. And the known capacitor and inductor are used as energy storage elements, so that the loss is low during the energy conversion. In addition, the duty ratio of the switch changes from 0 during energy conversion, and the current ripple on the elements such as the inductor and the capacitor is low, and accordingly, the loss on the switch is also lower. The circuit is simple, the wiring is simple, and the realization is easy.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, various changes or modifications may be made by the patentees within the scope of the appended claims, and within the scope of the invention, as long as they do not exceed the scope of the invention described in the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A voltage balancing device for series lithium battery packs is used for a series battery Pack1 and a series battery Pack Pack2, and is characterized by comprising a capacitor C1, a first switch S1, a second switch S2, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first inductor L1 and a second inductor L2, wherein two ends of the capacitor C1 are connected to two ends of the series battery Pack Pack1 and the series battery Pack Pack2, one end of the first switch S1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C1, the other end of the first switch S1 is connected to one end of a first inductor L1 and the anode of a first diode D1, the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the connection position of the battery Pack Pack1 and the battery Pack Pack1, one end of the second switch S1 is connected to one end of the second inductor L1 and the cathode of the second diode D1, the other end of the second switch S1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1 and the anode of the second diode D1, the other end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the connection point between the battery Pack1 and the battery Pack2, and the duty ratio of the first switch S1 and the duty ratio of the second switch S2 are controlled by the controller.
2. The voltage balancing device of claim 1, wherein: the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are both MOSFET transistors, a drain of the first switch S1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C1, a source of the first switch S1 is connected to one end of a first inductor L1, a drain of the second switch S2 is connected to one end of a second inductor L2, and a source of the second switch S2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1.
3. A control method of the voltage balancing device for the series lithium battery pack according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the control method comprises the following steps of,
first, it is determined that the device is permitted to be started when Vhigh > Vpack1> Vlow and Vhigh > Vpack2> Vlow are simultaneously satisfied;
then, judging that Vdelta > Von is met, and starting the device;
secondly, when the Vpack1> Vpack2 is judged to be met, the start controller controls the duty ratio of the first switch S1, otherwise, the start controller controls the duty ratio of the second switch S2;
finally, judging that the device is closed when Vdelta < Voff and Ibat < Iofff are met;
wherein Vpack1 is the voltage of Pack1, Vpack2 is the voltage of Pack2, Vlow is the lowest voltage of the series-connected packs, Vhigh is the highest voltage of the series-connected packs, Ibat is the equalizing inductor current between packs, Vdelta = | Vpack1-Vpack2|, Von is the voltage of the voltage difference between packs with the device turned on, Voff is the voltage of the voltage difference between packs with the device turned off, and Ioff is the inductor current with the device turned off.
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2022
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| US20170214252A1 (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-27 | Mcmaster University | Energy storage balancing system |
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| CN114530637B (en) | 2023-01-13 |
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