CN114527237A - Method and system for improving detection upper limit of inert gas - Google Patents
Method and system for improving detection upper limit of inert gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN114527237A CN114527237A CN202210044158.3A CN202210044158A CN114527237A CN 114527237 A CN114527237 A CN 114527237A CN 202210044158 A CN202210044158 A CN 202210044158A CN 114527237 A CN114527237 A CN 114527237A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0055—Radionuclides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/203—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being made of plastics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for improving the upper limit of inert gas detection, which comprises the steps of filtering aerosol and iodine in effluent of a chimney gas carrier of a nuclear power plant; secondly, sampling the filtered gas; thirdly, collecting beta rays emitted by the sampled inert gas; fourthly, converting the collected optical signals into current signals; fifthly, integrating the current signal to form a voltage signal; sixthly, performing voltage-frequency conversion on the voltage signal to form a forward pulse signal; seventhly, calculating to obtain the concentration of the radioactivity activity in the inert gas; and eighthly, gradually reducing the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier and improving the detection upper limit by sequentially adjusting the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the optical signals. The method has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design, convenient realization, high detection precision, good use effect and convenient popularization and use, and can be effectively applied to the detection of the chimney current carrying matters of the nuclear power plant, thereby improving the upper limit of the detection of the inert gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radiation monitoring, and particularly relates to a method and a system for improving the upper limit of inert gas detection.
Background
In order to protect personnel and public places of the nuclear power plant from radioactive radiation, the nuclear power plant is provided with a radiation monitoring system (hereinafter referred to as KRT system) for continuously monitoring the nuclear power plant area and suspended matters in the air, and the radioactivity of the nuclear power plant process and effluent.
The emission gas of the nuclear power station chimney includes various ray types, such as beta rays and gamma rays from inert gas, which are generally limited by the influence of a pulse counter and a front-end processing circuit in an electronics part, and the detection upper limit of the detector on the inert gas is lower, generally 109And the detection upper limit cannot meet the radioactivity monitoring requirement of the nuclear power station on the emission gas of the chimney.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the defects in the prior art are overcome, and provides a method and a system for improving the detection upper limit of inert gas.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method of increasing an upper limit of inert gas detection, comprising the steps of:
filtering aerosol and iodine in a nuclear power plant chimney airborne effluent;
step two, sampling the filtered gas;
step three, collecting beta rays emitted by the sampled inert gas;
step four, converting the collected optical signals into current signals;
integrating the current signal to form a voltage signal;
step six, performing voltage-frequency conversion on the voltage signal to form a forward pulse signal;
calculating to obtain the concentration of the radioactivity activity in the inert gas according to the forward pulse signal;
and step eight, when the concentration of the radioactivity activity reaches a set threshold value, gradually reducing the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier and improving the detection upper limit by sequentially adjusting the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signals.
In the eighth step, when the radioactivity concentration reaches the predetermined threshold, the operating high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the optical signal is sequentially adjusted to gradually reduce the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier, and the specific process of increasing the detection upper limit includes: step one to step seven can realize six orders of magnitude of detection span, the maximum is 1011Order of magnitude, when calculated to obtain a concentration of radioactivity in the inert gas of greater than 1011When the light signal is collected, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal is reduced, so that the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is reduced by 10 times, the net count is reduced by 10 times, and 10 is realized12An upper detection limit of an order of magnitude; when the concentration of radioactivity activity in the inert gas is calculated to be more than 1012When the light signal is collected, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal is further reduced, so that the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is reduced by 10 times, the net count is reduced by 10 times, and the purpose of 10 times13An upper detection limit of an order of magnitude; when calculated to be inertiaThe concentration of radioactivity in the gas is greater than 1013When the light signal is collected, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal is further reduced, so that the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is reduced by 10 times, the net count is reduced by 10 times, and the purpose of 10 times14An upper detection limit of an order of magnitude; when the concentration of radioactivity activity in the inert gas is calculated to be more than 1014When the light signal is collected, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal is further reduced, so that the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is reduced by 10 times, the net count is reduced by 10 times, and the purpose of 10 times15An upper detection limit of an order of magnitude.
The invention also discloses a system for improving the detection upper limit of the inert gas, which is used for realizing the method and comprises the following steps:
the aerosol and iodine filter is used for filtering aerosol and iodine in the gas-carrying effluent of the chimney of the nuclear power plant;
the constant volume gas chamber is used for sampling the filtered gas;
the plastic scintillator is used for collecting beta rays emitted by the inert gas in the constant volume gas chamber;
the photomultiplier is arranged close to the plastic scintillator and used for converting the acquired optical signals into current signals;
the high-voltage adjusting unit is used for providing working high voltage for the photomultiplier;
the first signal processing unit is connected with the photomultiplier and used for integrating the current signal to form a voltage signal;
the second signal processing unit is connected with the first signal processing unit and used for carrying out voltage-frequency conversion on the voltage signal to form a forward pulse signal;
the digital processing unit is connected with the second signal processing unit and the high-voltage regulating unit and is used for processing the forward pulse signal to obtain the concentration of the radioactivity activity in the inert gas; and controls the output voltage of the high voltage regulating unit.
The system for improving the upper limit of inert gas detection comprises a first aerosol and iodine filter and a second aerosol and iodine filter which are redundant with each other.
In the system for increasing the upper limit of inert gas detection, the volume of the constant volume gas chamber is about 0.5L.
In the system for increasing the upper limit of inert gas detection, the plastic scintillator is a beta plastic scintillator.
In the system for improving the upper limit of inert gas detection, the side of the beta plastic scintillator, which is close to the constant volume gas chamber, is adhered with the aluminum film.
In the system for increasing the upper limit of inert gas detection, the output voltage range of the high-voltage regulating unit is 0-1500V.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method has simple steps, reasonable design and convenient realization.
2. The invention gradually reduces the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier, improves the detection upper limit and improves the detection upper limit by four orders of magnitude by sequentially adjusting the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting light signals.
3. The invention designs a first aerosol and iodine filter and a second aerosol and iodine filter, which are used for one time and one time, and when one filter needs to be replaced, the other filter is used, so that the whole detection process is ensured to be uninterrupted.
4. The invention clings a layer of aluminum film to the detection surface of the plastic scintillator, which is beneficial to avoiding light and preventing the crystal from being polluted, and improves the collection rate of the photomultiplier to the scintillation light.
5. The method can be effectively applied to the detection of the chimney gas-carrying effluent of the nuclear power plant, improves the upper limit of the detection of the inert gas, and has the advantages of high detection precision, good use effect and convenient popularization and use.
In conclusion, the method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design and convenience in implementation, can be effectively applied to detection of the current-carrying matters of the chimney of the nuclear power plant, improves the upper limit of detection of the inert gas, and is high in detection precision, good in use effect and convenient to popularize and use.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-aerosol and iodine filter; 2-constant volume air chamber; 3-plastic scintillators;
4-photomultiplier tube; 5-high pressure regulating unit; 6-a first signal processing unit;
7-a second signal processing unit; 8-digital processing unit.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for increasing the upper limit of inert gas detection of the present invention comprises the following steps:
filtering aerosol and iodine in a nuclear power plant chimney airborne effluent;
step two, sampling the filtered gas;
step three, collecting beta rays emitted by the sampled inert gas;
step four, converting the collected optical signals into current signals;
integrating the current signal to form a voltage signal;
step six, performing voltage-frequency conversion on the voltage signal to form a forward pulse signal;
calculating to obtain the concentration of the radioactivity activity in the inert gas according to the forward pulse signal;
and step eight, when the concentration of the radioactivity activity reaches a set threshold value, gradually reducing the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier and improving the detection upper limit by sequentially adjusting the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signals.
In this embodiment, in the eighth step, when the concentration of the radioactivity reaches the set threshold, the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is gradually reduced by sequentially adjusting the working high voltage of the photomultiplier that collects the light signal, and the specific process of increasing the detection upper limit includes:
step one to step seven can realize six orders of magnitude of detection span, the maximum is 1011Order of magnitude, when calculated to obtain a concentration of radioactivity in the inert gas of greater than 1011When the light signal is collected, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal is reduced, so that the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is reduced by 10 times, the net count is reduced by 10 times, and 10 is realized12An upper detection limit of an order of magnitude; when the concentration of radioactivity activity in the inert gas is calculated to be more than 1012When the light signal is collected, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal is further reduced, so that the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is reduced by 10 times, the net count is reduced by 10 times, and the purpose of 10 times13An upper detection limit of an order of magnitude; when the concentration of radioactivity activity in the inert gas is calculated to be more than 1013When the light signal is collected, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal is further reduced, so that the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is reduced by 10 times, the net count is reduced by 10 times, and the purpose of 10 times14An upper detection limit of an order of magnitude; when the concentration of radioactivity activity in the inert gas is calculated to be more than 1014When the light signal is collected, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal is further reduced, so that the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is reduced by 10 times, the net count is reduced by 10 times, and the purpose of 10 times15An upper detection limit of an order of magnitude.
When the photomultiplier is specifically implemented, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier has a large influence on the intensity of photocurrent, and due to the speed limit of a hardware circuit, when the output current of the photomultiplier reaches a certain intensity, the circuit tends to be in a saturated state, and the output and the input cannot keep a linear relation, so that the upper limit of measurement is restricted. In the embodiment, the detection is divided into four working gears by sequentially adjusting the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the optical signal, so that the photoelectric gain of the photomultiplier is sequentially reduced from a low gear to a high gear, and the detection upper limit is improved by four orders of magnitude.
The system for increasing the upper limit of inert gas detection comprises:
the aerosol and iodine filter 1 is used for filtering aerosol and iodine in the chimney gas-carrying effluent of the nuclear power plant;
the constant volume gas chamber 2 is used for sampling the filtered gas;
the plastic scintillator 3 is used for collecting beta rays emitted by the inert gas in the constant volume gas chamber 2;
the photomultiplier tube 4 is arranged close to the plastic scintillator 3 and used for converting the acquired optical signals into current signals;
the high-voltage regulating unit 5 is used for providing working high voltage for the photomultiplier tube 4;
the first signal processing unit 6 is connected with the photomultiplier tube 4 and is used for integrating the current signal to form a voltage signal;
the second signal processing unit 7 is connected with the first signal processing unit 6 and is used for performing voltage-frequency conversion on the voltage signal to form a forward pulse signal;
the digital processing unit 8 is connected with the second signal processing unit 7 and the high-voltage regulating unit 5 and is used for processing the forward pulse signal to obtain the concentration of the radioactivity activity in the inert gas; and controls the output voltage of the high voltage regulating unit 5.
In this embodiment, the aerosol and iodine filter 1 includes a first aerosol and iodine filter and a second aerosol and iodine filter that are redundant with each other.
When the device is specifically implemented, the first aerosol and iodine filter and the second aerosol and iodine filter are used for standby, and after one filter needs to be replaced, the other filter is used, so that the whole detection process is ensured to be uninterrupted.
In this embodiment, the volume of the constant volume gas chamber 2 is about 0.5L.
In this embodiment, the plastic scintillator 3 is a β plastic scintillator.
In this embodiment, an aluminum film is attached to the side surface of the β plastic scintillator, which is close to the constant volume gas chamber 2.
In specific implementation, a 10-micron aluminum film is closely attached to the surface of the detection surface of the beta plastic scintillator for avoiding light and preventing the crystal from being polluted, thereby being beneficial to the collection of scintillation light by the photomultiplier.
In this embodiment, the output voltage range of the high voltage regulating unit 5 is 0-1500V.
When the invention is usedFirstly, filtering the nuclear power plant chimney gas current carrying effluent through an aerosol and iodine filter 1, and filtering aerosol and iodine in the nuclear power plant chimney gas current carrying effluent; the filtered gas enters a constant volume gas chamber 2, wherein the inert gas85Kr、133Xe emits beta rays in the decay process, and negative electrons in the beta rays impact the beta plastic scintillator to generate fluorescence; the photomultiplier 4 collects the optical signal for multiplication and converts the optical signal into a current signal; the first signal processing unit 6 integrates the current signal to form a voltage signal; the second signal processing unit 7 performs voltage-frequency conversion on the voltage signal to form a forward pulse signal; the digital processing unit 8 calculates the concentration of the radioactivity activity in the inert gas according to the forward pulse signal; when the calculated value of the radioactivity activity concentration reaches a set threshold value, the digital processing unit 8 controls the output voltage of the high-voltage adjusting unit 5, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier tube 4 is sequentially adjusted, the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier tube 4 is gradually reduced, the net count is sequentially reduced by 10 times, and therefore the detection upper limit is improved by four orders of magnitude.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of raising an upper limit of inert gas detection, comprising the steps of:
filtering aerosol and iodine in a nuclear power plant chimney airborne effluent;
step two, sampling the filtered gas;
step three, collecting beta rays emitted by the sampled inert gas;
step four, converting the collected optical signals into current signals;
integrating the current signal to form a voltage signal;
step six, performing voltage-frequency conversion on the voltage signal to form a forward pulse signal;
calculating to obtain the concentration of the radioactivity activity in the inert gas according to the forward pulse signal;
step eight, when the radioactivity activity concentration reaches a set threshold value, gradually reducing sensitivity factors of the photomultiplier and improving the detection upper limit by sequentially adjusting the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the optical signals.
2. The method for raising the upper limit of inert gas detection according to claim 1, wherein in step eight, when the concentration of radioactivity reaches the set threshold, the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is gradually reduced by sequentially adjusting the operating high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal, and the specific process for raising the upper limit of detection comprises:
step one to step seven can realize six orders of magnitude of detection span, the maximum is 1011Order of magnitude, when calculated to obtain a concentration of radioactivity in the inert gas of greater than 1011When the light signal is collected, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal is reduced, so that the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is reduced by 10 times, the net count is reduced by 10 times, and 10 is realized12An upper detection limit of an order of magnitude; when the concentration of radioactivity activity in the inert gas is calculated to be more than 1012When the light signal is collected, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal is further reduced, so that the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is reduced by 10 times, the net count is reduced by 10 times, and the purpose of 10 times13An upper detection limit of an order of magnitude; when the concentration of radioactivity activity in the inert gas is calculated to be more than 1013When the light signal is collected, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal is further reduced, so that the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is reduced by 10 times, the net count is reduced by 10 times, and the purpose of 10 times14An upper detection limit of an order of magnitude; when the concentration of radioactivity activity in the inert gas is calculated to be more than 1014When the light signal is collected, the working high voltage of the photomultiplier for collecting the light signal is further reduced, so that the sensitivity factor of the photomultiplier is reduced by 10 times, the net count is reduced by 10 times, and the purpose of 10 times15An upper detection limit of an order of magnitude.
3. A system for increasing the upper limit of inert gas detection for carrying out the method of claim 1 or 2, the system comprising:
the aerosol and iodine filter is used for filtering aerosol and iodine in the gas-carrying effluent of the chimney of the nuclear power plant;
the constant volume gas chamber is used for sampling the filtered gas;
the plastic scintillator is used for collecting beta rays emitted by the inert gas in the constant volume gas chamber;
the photomultiplier is arranged close to the plastic scintillator and used for converting the acquired optical signals into current signals;
the high-voltage adjusting unit is used for providing working high voltage for the photomultiplier;
the first signal processing unit is connected with the photomultiplier and used for integrating the current signal to form a voltage signal;
the second signal processing unit is connected with the first signal processing unit and used for carrying out voltage-frequency conversion on the voltage signal to form a forward pulse signal;
the digital processing unit is connected with the second signal processing unit and the high-voltage regulating unit and is used for processing the forward pulse signal to obtain the concentration of the radioactivity activity in the inert gas; and controls the output voltage of the high voltage regulating unit.
4. A system for increasing an upper limit of inert gas detection as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the aerosol and iodine filter includes a first aerosol and iodine filter and a second aerosol and iodine filter that are redundant with each other.
5. A system for increasing the upper limit of inert gas detection according to claim 3, wherein: the volume of the constant volume air chamber is about 0.5L.
6. A system for increasing an upper limit of inert gas detection as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the plastic scintillator adopts a beta plastic scintillator.
7. A system for increasing the upper limit of inert gas detection as set forth in claim 6, wherein: an aluminum film is adhered to the side face, close to the constant volume gas chamber, of the beta plastic scintillator.
8. A system for increasing an upper limit of inert gas detection as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the output voltage range of the high-voltage adjusting unit is 0-1500V.
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| CN113534231A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-22 | 陕西卫峰核电子有限公司 | High-humidity inert gas activity monitoring system and monitoring method |
| CN215297689U (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-12-24 | 陕西卫峰核电子有限公司 | High humidity inert gas activity monitoring device |
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