CN114525462A - Method for improving high-temperature oxidation resistance of alloy by remelting surface through ultrasonic field and laser - Google Patents
Method for improving high-temperature oxidation resistance of alloy by remelting surface through ultrasonic field and laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN114525462A CN114525462A CN202210126948.6A CN202210126948A CN114525462A CN 114525462 A CN114525462 A CN 114525462A CN 202210126948 A CN202210126948 A CN 202210126948A CN 114525462 A CN114525462 A CN 114525462A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of an alloy by remelting the surface of the alloy in an ultrasonic field and laser, which comprises the following steps: providing a high-temperature alloy sample, and connecting the high-temperature alloy sample with an ultrasonic generator to load ultrasonic energy on the high-temperature alloy sample; remelting the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample for the first time by using high-power laser with a large spot diameter; remelting the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample for the second time by adopting low-power laser with a small spot diameter; and carrying out defect treatment on the surface subjected to the secondary remelting. According to the invention, the large-spot laser, the small-spot laser and the ultrasonic are combined to form multi-layer small crystal grains on the surface, and the alloy forms an ultrafine crystal, fine crystal and matrix coarse crystal structure from the surface to the matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature alloys, in particular to a method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of an alloy by utilizing an ultrasonic field and laser surface remelting.
Background
The high-temperature alloy can be subjected to oxidation in the service process, so that the service life of alloy parts can be greatly reduced. The grain size of the high-temperature alloy is refined, the grain boundary density is increased, and the outward diffusion of Cr atoms is facilitated to form a compact protective oxide film, so that the oxidation resistance of the alloy is improved.
The existing method for refining alloy surface grains by adopting laser mainly comprises surface cladding and laser surface remelting. The laser surface cladding is to clad a layer of heterogeneous powder on the surface of the alloy by adopting laser to form a gradient material with a specific function. This causes diffusion of the cladding layer elements into the substrate and its purpose is to achieve oxidation resistance with the dissimilar materials of the cladding layer.
The conventional laser surface remelting adopts laser with a single diameter to melt the alloy surface, the spot diameter of the laser is usually several millimeters, the depth of a molten pool can reach hundreds of micrometers and is close to 1 millimeter, fine columnar grains are formed on the alloy surface, and a matrix is kept to be coarse grains; in the high-temperature oxidation process, because the crystal grains of the matrix are coarse, the outward diffusion of Cr through the crystal boundary is slow, so that Cr atoms in the matrix are difficult to diffuse to the surface of the alloy in time, and a Cr-poor area is formed between an oxidation layer and the matrix; meanwhile, in the laser remelting process, due to the winding of gas and the generation of keyhole, air hole residue can be caused in a molten pool, which is not beneficial to the mechanical property and the oxidation resistance of the material.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a new method for improving the oxidation resistance of the superalloy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of an alloy by remelting an ultrasonic field and a laser surface, wherein the surface of the alloy is remelted by lasers with different spot diameters and powers to form ultrafine-grained, fine-grained and coarse-grained gradient structures on the surface of the alloy; a fine grain area is prepared on the surface of the alloy by adopting an ultrasonic field assisted laser remelting technology, so that the oxidation resistance of the alloy is improved.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of an alloy by using an ultrasonic field and laser surface remelting is provided, which comprises the following steps:
providing a high-temperature alloy sample, and connecting the high-temperature alloy sample with an ultrasonic generator to load ultrasonic energy on the high-temperature alloy sample;
remelting the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample for the first time by using high-power laser with a large spot diameter;
remelting the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample for the second time by adopting low-power laser with a small spot diameter;
and carrying out defect treatment on the surface subjected to the secondary remelting.
Further, before connecting the high-temperature alloy sample with the ultrasonic generator, the method also comprises the step of pretreating the alloy, wherein the pretreatment comprises the following steps: and removing an oxide layer and oil stains on the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample, and then carrying out sand blasting treatment.
Further, the connecting the superalloy sample with an ultrasonic generator comprises: the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20-50 KHZ, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave is not higher than 200 mu m.
Further, the remelting of the surface of the superalloy specimen using a high-power large spot diameter laser for the first time comprises: the laser power is 300-6000W, the diameter of a light spot is 2-10 mm, the laser scanning speed is 1-50 mm/s, and the lap joint rate of a melting channel is 20-50%.
Further, the remelting of the surface of the superalloy specimen using a high-power large spot diameter laser for the first time comprises: and in the laser remelting process, inert gas is adopted to protect the remelting surface.
Further, the inert gas is nitrogen or argon, and the gas flow is 5-30L/min.
Further, the remelting of the surface of the superalloy specimen with a low-power, small spot diameter laser for the second time comprises: the diameter of a laser spot is 20-100 mu m, the scanning speed is 300-2000 mm/s, the laser power is 50-500W, and the lap joint rate of a melting channel is 20-50%.
Further, before remelting the surface of the superalloy sample for the second time by using a low-power laser with a small spot diameter, the method further comprises: and polishing and flattening the surface after the primary remelting.
Further, the defect treatment of the surface after the second remelting comprises: and (4) performing defect treatment by adopting a hot isostatic pressing mode or a heat treatment mode according to the quality of the remelted surface of the high-temperature alloy sample.
Further, in the heating process, the high-temperature alloy sample substrate is preheated to adjust the temperature gradient in the surface molten pool, so that the grain size and the thickness of coarse grains on the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample are adjusted and controlled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention combines large light spot laser, small light spot laser and ultrasonic wave to form multi-layer small crystal grains on the surface, and the alloy forms ultra-fine grain, fine grain and matrix coarse grain structures from the surface to the matrix, thereby realizing the purposes of grain refinement and elimination of air holes in a molten pool. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the alloy surface crystal grains are distributed in a multi-level gradient manner, are finer, have fewer defects, have more excellent oxidation resistance, and also have the advantages of simple operation and strong practicability.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of an alloy by using an ultrasonic field and laser surface remelting in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of oxidation weight gain curves for superalloys of the embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of an alloy by remelting on the surface through an ultrasonic field and laser, and with reference to fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a high-temperature alloy sample, and connecting the high-temperature alloy sample with an ultrasonic generator to load ultrasonic waves on the high-temperature alloy sample;
in some embodiments, before connecting the superalloy sample with the ultrasonic generator, the method further comprises pretreating the alloy, wherein the pretreating specifically comprises: and removing an oxide layer and oil stains on the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample, and then carrying out sand blasting treatment.
The frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic wave are determined according to the ultrasonic wave auxiliary melting alloy, and in some specific embodiments, the high-temperature alloy sample is connected with an ultrasonic generator, and the specific steps include: the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20-50 KHZ, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave is not higher than 200 mu m.
S2, remelting the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample for the first time by using high-power laser with a large spot diameter;
specifically, the method for remelting the surface of a superalloy sample for the first time by using a high-power laser with a large spot diameter comprises the following steps: the laser power is 300-6000W, the diameter of a light spot is 2-10 mm, the laser scanning speed is 1-50 mm/s, and the lap joint rate of a melting channel is 20-50%.
In the laser remelting process, inert gas is adopted to protect the remelting surface so as to protect the surface from oxidation, further, the inert gas is nitrogen or argon, and the gas flow is 5-30L/min.
S3, remelting the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample for the second time by adopting low-power laser with small spot diameter;
specifically, the method for remelting the surface of the superalloy sample for the second time by using a low-power laser with a small spot diameter comprises the following steps: the diameter of a laser spot is 20-100 mu m, the scanning speed is 300-2000 mm/s, the laser power is 50-500W, and the lap joint rate of a melting channel is 20-50%.
After the primary remelting, the roughness of the alloy surface is increased, the surface becomes uneven, the surface laser defocuses in the subsequent laser remelting process, and the laser power density of the alloy surface changes. Therefore, before remelting the surface of the superalloy specimen with a low power, small spot diameter laser for a second time, the method further comprises: and polishing and flattening the surface after the primary remelting to ensure the remelting reliability.
In the method in the embodiment, firstly, the high-power laser with the diameter of several millimeters is used for remelting the alloy surface, a molten pool forms a surface fine-crystal modified layer with the depth of hundreds of micrometers and the width of the fine-crystal modified layer close to 10mm, then, a low-power light spot with the diameter of tens of micrometers is used for remelting the fine-crystal layer, the depth of the formed molten pool is close to 100 micrometers, and the size of grains formed after solidification is smaller than that of grains subjected to pretreatment. Meanwhile, in the laser remelting process, an ultrasonic field is assisted, and the grain size in the remelting process is further refined by the ultrasonic field, so that distribution of ultrafine grains, fine grains and coarse grains is realized from the alloy surface to a matrix.
Such a methodHas the advantages that the surface is ultrafine crystal and can quickly form Cr in the high-temperature oxidation process2O3The protective film plays a role in protection and prevents other elements from being diffused and oxidized; in addition, because the middle part of the thin crystal layer is thicker than the middle part of the thin crystal layer, more crystal boundary channels can be provided for the outward diffusion of Cr elements, the outward diffusion of Cr in a matrix is promoted, the formation of a poor Cr area in the oxidation process is slowed down, and the service life of parts in the high-temperature oxidation process is prolonged.
It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present invention, the surface refining may be achieved by heating the remelting surface with laser, or in other embodiments, the surface refining may be achieved by using methods such as high-frequency current induction heating, electron beam heating, and electric arc, so as to achieve the purpose of melting the surface alloy.
And S4, performing defect treatment on the surface after the secondary remelting.
After laser remelting, defects such as pores are generally difficult to avoid in the alloy, so that the surface after secondary remelting needs to be subjected to defect treatment, which specifically includes: and (4) performing defect treatment by adopting a hot isostatic pressing mode or a heat treatment mode according to the quality of the remelted surface of the high-temperature alloy sample. The hot isostatic pressing mode is to pressurize the alloy at high temperature, so that the defects can be healed, and the quality of the alloy is improved; the heat treatment is to heat the alloy and keep the temperature for a certain time without applying a pressure, and aims to cause phase change of the alloy, promote element diffusion and the like.
In the heating process, the high-temperature alloy sample substrate is preheated to adjust the temperature gradient in the surface molten pool, so that the grain size and the thickness of coarse grains on the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample are regulated and controlled.
Different from the surface cladding method in the prior art, the purpose of oxidation resistance is realized by using a dissimilar material of a cladding layer, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention does not change the matrix components, and the oxidation resistance is changed by using grain refinement. In addition, compared with the conventional laser surface remelting method, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention combines large-spot laser, small-spot laser and ultrasonic wave to form multi-layer small crystal grains on the surface, the alloy forms an ultrafine grain, fine grain and matrix coarse grain structure from the surface to the matrix, and the ultrasonic wave is assisted to realize the purposes of grain refinement and elimination of pores in a molten pool. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the alloy surface crystal grains are distributed in a multi-level gradient manner, the crystal grains are finer, the defects are fewer, and the oxidation resistance is more excellent.
The embodiment of the invention adopts laser remelting alloy surfaces with different spot diameters and powers to form ultrafine-grained, fine-grained and coarse-grained gradient structures on the surfaces; an ultrasonic field is loaded in the remelting process, a fine grain region is prepared on the surface of the alloy by adopting an ultrasonic field assisted laser remelting technology, the operation is simple, the practicability is strong, and the surface grain refinement effectively improves and delays the formation of a poor Cr region and improves the oxidation resistance of the alloy.
In order to further illustrate the method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy by using the ultrasonic field and laser surface remelting in the embodiment of the invention, taking the K439B alloy as an example, the surface of the K439B alloy is firstly ground and deoiled; adopting an ultrasonic field to assist in refining grains while remelting the alloy surface by laser; finally, hot isostatic pressing or heat preservation heat treatment at high temperature can be adopted to eliminate defects of surface dislocation, pores and the like. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) polishing the surface of the K439B high-temperature alloy by using 200-1000-mesh sand paper, removing an oxide layer and oil stains on the surface, and then performing sand blasting treatment;
2) connecting the alloy part with an ultrasonic generator to load ultrasonic field energy on the high-temperature alloy part; the ultrasonic field frequency is 20-50 KHZ, and the amplitude is not higher than 200 μm.
3) Firstly, remelting the alloy surface by using high-power laser with a large spot diameter, wherein the used laser power is 300-6000W, the spot diameter is 2-10 mm, the laser scanning speed is 1-50 mm/s, and the melting channel overlapping rate is 20-50%.
In the laser remelting process, inert gas such as nitrogen or argon is used for protecting the remelting surface, and the gas flow is 5-30L/min.
4) And (3) polishing and flattening the surface after the first laser remelting, and remelting the alloy surface by adopting low-power laser with a small spot diameter, wherein the laser spot diameter is 20-100 mu m, the scanning speed is 300-2000 mm/s, the laser power is 50-500W, and the melting channel overlapping rate is 20-50%.
5) According to the quality of the remelted alloy surface, hot isostatic pressing or heat treatment of the alloy can be selected to reduce the defects of alloy surface dislocation, cracks, air holes and the like.
Wherein the hot isostatic pressing treatment temperature can be 800-1100 ℃, and the pressure can be 50-150 MPa; when the heat treatment is adopted, the temperature can be kept for 1-100 hours at 800-1200 ℃ in an inert gas or vacuum environment so as to eliminate surface dislocation and pores.
In the heating process, the alloy matrix can be selected to be heated in advance to adjust the temperature gradient in the surface molten pool, so that the grain size and the thickness of surface coarse grains can be regulated and controlled, and the heating temperature can be 100-1200 ℃.
By way of contrast, a conventional casting method was used to produce a K439B alloy having a grain size of approximately 80 microns. The oxidation weight gain test is carried out on the coarse-grain high-temperature alloy prepared by the casting method and the fine-grain high-temperature alloy prepared by the method in the embodiment, the coarse-grain high-temperature alloy is circularly oxidized in 900 ℃ static air for 120h, and the result is shown in figure 2, and the figure shows that the oxidation weight gain of the coarse-grain high-temperature alloy is higher than that of the fine-grain high-temperature alloy after the circulation oxidation in 900 ℃ static air for 120h, which shows that the oxidation resistance of the high-temperature alloy is obviously improved after the surface grains of the alloy are refined by the method in the embodiment of the invention.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts laser with different spot diameters to re-melt the surface of the high-temperature alloy for multiple times, and utilizes the characteristic of high cooling speed of the liquid alloy in the molten pool to prepare the high-temperature alloy with fine and graded surface crystal grains. Meanwhile, in order to refine surface grains as much as possible and remove air holes in a molten pool, an ultrasonic field is adopted to assist laser surface remelting. The cavitation and acoustic flow effects of the ultrasonic wave are utilized to accelerate the escape of gas in the molten pool, promote the nucleation and the crushing of crystal grains, further refine the size of the crystal grains on the surface layer and improve the oxidation resistance. The method is simple to operate and high in practicability, and surface grains are refined, so that the formation of a poor Cr region is effectively delayed, and the oxidation resistance of the alloy is improved.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above-described preferred features may be used in any combination without conflict with each other.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of an alloy by using an ultrasonic field and laser surface remelting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
providing a high-temperature alloy sample, and connecting the high-temperature alloy sample with an ultrasonic generator to load ultrasonic energy on the high-temperature alloy sample;
remelting the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample for the first time by using high-power laser with a large spot diameter;
remelting the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample for the second time by adopting low-power laser with a small spot diameter;
and carrying out defect treatment on the surface subjected to the secondary remelting.
2. The method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy by using the ultrasonic field and the laser surface remelting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of pretreating the alloy before connecting the high-temperature alloy sample with the ultrasonic generator, wherein the pretreatment comprises the following steps: and removing an oxide layer and oil stains on the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample, and then carrying out sand blasting treatment.
3. The method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy through the ultrasonic field and the laser surface remelting according to claim 1, wherein the step of connecting the high-temperature alloy sample with an ultrasonic generator comprises the following steps: the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20-50 KHZ, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave is not higher than 200 mu m.
4. The method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy by using the ultrasonic field and the laser surface remelting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the remelting of the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample for the first time by using the high-power and large-spot-diameter laser comprises: the laser power is 300-6000W, the diameter of a light spot is 2-10 mm, the laser scanning speed is 1-50 mm/s, and the lap joint rate of a melting channel is 20-50%.
5. The method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy by using the ultrasonic field and the laser surface remelting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the remelting of the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample for the first time by using the high-power and large-spot-diameter laser comprises: and in the laser remelting process, inert gas is adopted to protect the remelting surface.
6. The method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy through the ultrasonic field and the laser surface remelting according to claim 5, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen or argon, and the gas flow is 5-30L/min.
7. The method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy by using the ultrasonic field and the laser surface remelting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the remelting of the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample for the second time by using the low-power laser with a small spot diameter comprises: the diameter of a laser spot is 20-100 mu m, the scanning speed is 300-2000 mm/s, the laser power is 50-500W, and the lap joint rate of a melting channel is 20-50%.
8. The method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy by using the ultrasonic field and the laser surface remelting as claimed in claim 1, wherein before remelting the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample for the second time by using the low-power and small-spot-diameter laser, the method further comprises the following steps: and polishing and flattening the surface after the primary remelting.
9. The method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy by the ultrasonic field and laser surface remelting according to claim 1, wherein the defect treatment is performed on the surface after the second remelting, and comprises the following steps: and (4) performing defect treatment by adopting a hot isostatic pressing mode or a heat treatment mode according to the quality of the remelted surface of the high-temperature alloy sample.
10. The method for improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy by the ultrasonic field and the laser surface remelting according to claim 9, wherein in the heating process, the high-temperature alloy sample matrix is preheated to adjust the temperature gradient in the surface molten pool, so that the grain size and the thickness of the coarse grains on the surface of the high-temperature alloy sample are adjusted and controlled.
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