CN114524674A - Heat-proof, heat-insulation and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-proof, heat-insulation and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat-proof, heat-insulation and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ultrahigh-temperature thermal protection materials. The composite material is prepared by compounding a ceramic matrix with oxidation resistance and ablation resistance with a light carbon-based composite material. The material consists of a fiber reinforcement body, carbon aerogel and a ceramic double-base body, wherein the ceramic base body is uniformly dispersed in a carbon aerogel three-dimensional nano network structure, and the multifunctional requirement under a long-term high-temperature aerobic environment is met by means of heat insulation-bearing of the carbon aerogel and anti-oxidation ablation of the ceramic base body. By changing the types, contents and introduction sequence of ceramic components, the wide-temperature-range oxidation and ablation resistance of the light carbon-based composite material can be realized. Compared with a light carbon-based composite material, the mechanical and oxidation resistance of the material provided by the invention is obviously improved, the compression strength is improved to 90.9MPa, and the weight loss rate of static oxidation for 15min at 1300 ℃ is reduced to 9.19%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultra-high temperature thermal protection materials, in particular to a heat-proof, heat-insulation and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The carbon aerogel is a novel nanoscale porous carbon material, and three-dimensional nano carbon particles are stacked in the carbon aerogel to form a rich pore structure, so that the carbon aerogel has excellent performances of light porous aerogel, high-temperature stability of the carbon material and the like. Particularly, due to the unique mesoporous structure and the nanoparticle net structure, phonon scattering, photon shielding and gas molecule collision inhibition can be greatly reduced, solid, gaseous and radiation thermal conductivity can be greatly reduced, the thermal insulation performance of the composite material is obviously superior to that of the traditional carbon fiber felt and carbon foam, and the composite material is few rigid thermal insulation materials which can be used at the temperature of more than 1600 ℃ for a long time at present. However, the traditional carbon aerogel has a glassy carbon structure, is high in brittleness and is difficult to prepare in a large size. The high-strength and high-toughness carbon fiber is used as a reinforcement, and the mechanical property and large-size forming capability of the carbon fiber can be obviously improved by means of interface microstructure regulation and the like, so that the ultrahigh-temperature heat insulation-bearing integrated function is realized, and the obtained light carbon-based composite material has great application prospect in the thermal protection fields of aerospace vehicles, power systems and the like.
However, the carbon material is easy to lose effectiveness due to oxidation at high temperature, the performance requirements of the new generation aircraft and the power system thereof on the thermal protection material under the aerobic environment are difficult to meet, and the carbon aerogel can be effectively improved in oxidation resistance and ablation resistance by doping and modifying the carbon aerogel nano-component by adopting the oxidation-resistant ceramic component, so that the thermal protection-thermal insulation-bearing requirements under the aerobic environment are met. Therefore, the invention provides a matrix doping technology suitable for light carbon-based composite materials (carbon aerogel composite materials and carbon foam composite materials), which is characterized in that one or more ceramic matrixes with an antioxidant function are introduced into the light carbon-based composite materials to form carbon aerogel and ceramic double matrixes, so that the light carbon-ceramic composite materials with the heat prevention-heat insulation-bearing integrated function are obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat-proof, heat-insulating and bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material and a preparation method thereof, so as to meet the heat protection requirement in an ultrahigh-temperature aerobic environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a heat-proof, heat-insulation and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) the fiber-reinforced light carbon-based composite material is used as a base material and processed into a required shape, the surface is cleaned by blowing, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out by using alcohol, and then the material is placed in an oven to be dried for 24-48 h at the temperature of 90-120 ℃;
(2) preparing a material A, mixing the material A and a solvent according to a certain proportion, and mechanically stirring for 1-4 hours to obtain a dipping solution; the material A is boric acid or phosphoric acid; or the material A is ceramic powder of an antioxidant component; or the material A is an organic or inorganic precursor of an antioxidant component; the antioxidant components are SiBCN, SiCO, SiC, ZrC and ZrB2HfC and HfB2One or more of the above; the solvent is one or more of dimethylbenzene, ethanol and distilled water;
(3) immersing a light carbon-based composite material sample into the immersion solution prepared in the step (2), immersing and uniformly distributing the solution in the light carbon-based composite material sample by adopting methods such as ultrasonic oscillation, vacuum or normal pressure immersion and the like, keeping for a certain time, taking out the sample, and wiping the sample;
(4) placing the light carbon-based composite material sample soaked in the step (3) in a drying oven for curing and drying under normal pressure, and then carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the composite material to obtain a light carbon-ceramic composite material containing an antioxidant component; curing and drying process parameters are 80-170 ℃, and heat preservation is carried out for 2-4 hours;
(5) and (5) repeating the processes from the step (2) to the step (4) for 0-5 times.
In the step (1), the density range of the light carbon-based composite material is 0.2-0.7 g/cm3The light carbon-based composite material is a fiber-reinforced carbon aerogel composite material or a carbon foam composite material.
In the step (2), when the material a is boric acid or phosphoric acid, the preparation method of the dipping solution is as follows: pouring boric acid or phosphoric acid powder into deionized water at 90 ℃, mechanically stirring until most of the powder is dissolved, and then putting the powder into an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic vibration dissolution at 110 ℃ to obtain boric acid or phosphoric acid dipping solution; wherein: the weight ratio of the boric acid powder or the phosphoric acid powder to the water is 1 (3-10).
In the step (2), when the material A is ceramic powder of an antioxidant component, the preparation method of the dipping solution comprises the following steps: pouring the ceramic powder into deionized water or ethanol, and preparing a ceramic powder dipping solution after magnetically stirring for 2-4 h; wherein: the weight ratio of the ceramic powder to the solvent is (5-30): 100.
In the step (2), when the material A is an organic or inorganic precursor of an antioxidant component, the preparation method of the dipping solution comprises the following steps: mixing the precursor of the antioxidant component with xylene according to a certain proportion, and preparing a precursor dipping solution after magnetically stirring for 2-4 h; wherein the weight ratio of the precursor of the antioxidant component to the xylene solvent is (5-30): 100; the SiBCN precursor is polyborosilazane PSNB, the SiCO precursor is polysiloxane PSO, the SiC precursor is polycarbosilane PCS, and the ZrC precursor is organic zirconium precursors PZC and ZrB2The precursors of (A) are organic zirconium precursors PZB, HfC and HfB2The precursor of (A) is HfCl4An organic precursor formulated for a hafnium source.
In the step (3), when the dipping solution is prepared by adopting boric acid or phosphoric acid, ultrasonic vibration dipping is adopted, and the dipping time is 0.5-2 h; when the dipping solution is prepared by adopting ceramic powder or precursor of an antioxidant component, vacuum-normal pressure dipping is adopted, and the specific method comprises the following steps: putting a sample into a beaker, placing the beaker in a vacuum impregnation tank, vacuumizing the impregnation tank (the vacuum degree is less than or equal to-0.1 MPa), introducing a precursor impregnation solution into the beaker filled with the sample by utilizing pressure difference, keeping the vacuum degree for 0.5-2 h, and then keeping the vacuum degree for 0.5-2 h at normal pressure.
In the above step (4), when the boric acid or phosphoric acid impregnation solution is used, the process of heat-treating the sample is carried out in multiple steps: raising the temperature from the normal temperature to 170-250 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 5 ℃/min under the inert atmosphere, preserving the heat for 0.5-1 h, then continuing raising the temperature to 300-400 ℃, preserving the heat for 0.5-1 h, raising the temperature to 500-700 ℃ and preserving the heat for 0.5-1 h.
In the step (4), when the dipping solution is prepared from ceramic powder or precursor of the antioxidant component, the heat treatment process of the sample is as follows: heating to 800-1500 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min in the inert atmosphere in a cracking furnace, preserving the heat for 0.5-2 h, and naturally cooling in the protective atmosphere.
In the step (5), when the steps (2) to (4) are repeated, the composition of the modified component of the light carbon-based composite material can be adjusted by changing the concentration of the impregnation solution, the type of the impregnation solution and the impregnation order, and typical concentrations, types, orders of the impregnation solution and the obtained modified composite material include, but are not limited to, the following 10 types:
(1) and (3) dipping sequence: 25 wt.% boric acid solution; the obtained material is as follows: boron oxide modified light carbon-based composites;
(2) and (3) dipping sequence: 25 wt.% boric acid solution, 10 wt.% PSNB; the obtained material is as follows: boron oxide-SiBCN modified light carbon-based composite material;
(3) and (3) dipping sequence: 20 wt.% PSNB; the obtained material is as follows: SiBCN modified light carbon-based composite material;
(4) and (3) dipping sequence: 30 wt.% phosphoric acid solution; the obtained material is as follows: phosphoric acid modified light carbon-based composite materials;
(5) and (3) dipping sequence: 25 wt.% PCS; the obtained material is as follows: SiC modified light carbon-based composite material;
(6) and (3) dipping sequence: 30 wt.% PSO; the obtained material is as follows: SiCO precursor modified light carbon-based composite material;
(7) and (3) dipping sequence: 15 wt.% PZB; the obtained material is as follows: ZrB2A modified light carbon-based composite;
(8) and (3) dipping sequence: 20 wt.% PCS, 10 wt.% PZC; the obtained material is as follows: SiC-ZrC modified light carbon-based composite material;
(9) and (3) dipping sequence: 10 wt.% PCS, 20 wt.% HfB2An organic precursor; the obtained material is as follows: SiC-HfB2A modified light carbon-based composite;
(10) and (3) dipping sequence: 10 wt.% PCS, 15 wt.% PZB, 15 wt.% PZC; the obtained material is as follows: SiC-ZrB2-a ZrC modified light carbon based composite.
The prepared integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material consists of fiber reinforcement, carbon aerogel and ceramic double-base body, wherein the ceramic base body is uniformly dispersed in the carbon aerogel three-dimensional nano network structure, and the multifunctional requirement under long-time high-temperature aerobic environment is met by means of heat insulation-bearing of the carbon aerogel and antioxidant ablation of the ceramic base body.
The design mechanism of the invention is as follows:
adopting impregnation solution prepared from antioxidant components (or precursors thereof) with different concentrations to dope the matrix of the light carbon-based composite material by vacuum impregnation, dehydration and drying or ceramic precursor impregnation cracking (PIP) process; the prepared solution is introduced into the aerogel matrix through the pore channel by utilizing the characteristic of good liquidity of the liquid phase, and the novel composite material with the antioxidant components uniformly dispersed in the three-dimensional nano network structure is obtained after the processes of curing, heat treatment and the like, so that the antioxidant and ablative properties of the composite material in a high-temperature aerobic environment are obviously improved. As a low-temperature antioxidant component, boron/phosphoric acid can form a glass phase oxide after being dried and dehydrated, has high viscosity and strong adhesiveness to a substrate, and can form a protective layer on the inner surface and the outer surface; the polymer derived ceramic is used as a high-temperature and ultrahigh-temperature antioxidant component, is formed by pyrolysis of a precursor solution of the polymer derived ceramic, has excellent antioxidant and ablative properties, and can resist the temperature of more than 2000 ℃. The impregnation solution prepared from single and mixed antioxidant components has good fluidity, good wettability and permeability to carbon aerogel materials, and the antioxidant components permeated in the nano carbon network can consume oxygen, inhibit oxygen diffusion, and reduce the contact of a matrix and the oxygen, thereby improving the oxidative ablation performance.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the processes of ultrasonic oscillation and vacuum and normal pressure impregnation are adopted, boron/phosphoric acid, antioxidant ceramic powder and precursors thereof are introduced into the light carbon-based composite material, and the carbon aerogel-ceramic double-matrix composite material is obtained through the processes of curing, heat treatment and the like, so that the overall oxidation resistance and ablation resistance of the material are obviously improved, and the integrated use requirements of heat prevention, heat insulation and bearing in a high-temperature aerobic environment are met.
2. The method can realize the wide-temperature-range antioxidant ablation of the light carbon-based composite material by changing the types, the contents and the introduction sequence of the ceramic components. Compared with a light carbon-based composite material, the mechanical and oxidation resistance of the material disclosed by the invention are obviously improved, the compression strength is improved to 90.9MPa from 62.7MPa, and the weight loss rate of static oxidation at 1300 ℃ for 15min is reduced to 9.19 from 14.92%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows microstructure morphology of the light carbon-based composite material before and after doping and after oxidation; wherein: (a) before doping; (b) doping SiBCN ceramic; (c) the micro-morphology after oxidation.
FIG. 3 is a comparison of oxidation weight loss ratio before and after doping of a light carbon-based composite material.
FIG. 4 is a comparison of compressive strength before and after doping of a lightweight carbon-based composite.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, the following description is given in conjunction with the examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the present invention, features and advantages.
The present invention will be further described below by taking the embodiment of using the SiBCN high temperature ceramic as an anti-oxidative ablation component to dope the matrix of the light carbon-based composite material, so as to help better understand the present invention, and fig. 1 is a process flow diagram thereof, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
Example 1:
the embodiment is a preparation method of an integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) the density is 0.6g/cm3The light carbon-based composite material base material is processed into a block sample with the size of 12.7 multiplied by 23.2 multiplied by 32.0mm, the surface is cleaned by alcohol through blowing, and then the block sample is placed in an oven to be dried for 24 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃.
(2) Dissolving an organic Precursor (PSNB) of SiBCN ceramic in a xylene solvent, and fully mixing the organic precursor and the xylene solvent by magnetic stirring for 2 hours to obtain a PSNB precursor impregnation solution with the concentration of 20%.
(3) And (3) putting the beaker filled with the light carbon-based composite material sample into a vacuum impregnation tank, vacuumizing the vacuum impregnation tank (the vacuum degree is less than or equal to-0.1 MPa), introducing the PSNB precursor impregnation solution into the beaker by utilizing pressure difference, keeping the pressure state for 0.5h, then impregnating for 0.5h at normal pressure, taking out the sample, and wiping to dry.
(4) And (3) placing the soaked sample in an oven at 170 ℃ for curing for 2h under normal pressure, placing the sample in a cracking furnace, introducing protective atmosphere, heating to 900 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and then preserving heat for 1h to obtain the SiBCN modified light carbon-based composite material.
(5) Repeating the steps (2) to (4) for 1 time.
Amorphous SiBCN ceramics are uniformly distributed in a porous body of the light carbon-based composite material obtained by dipping the porous body in 20% PSNB precursor solution, and the weight gain rate is 11.16%; heating the obtained material to 1300 ℃ under the protective atmosphere, keeping the temperature for 5min, then introducing oxygen, oxidizing the sample at constant temperature for 15min, wherein the weight loss rate is 9.19%, compared with the non-impregnated material, the oxidation weight loss rate of the modified and doped composite material is reduced by about 38%, and the oxidation resistance is obviously improved. Fig. 2 shows the micro-morphology of the material before and after doping and after oxidation, fig. 3 shows the oxidation weight loss rate of the material before and after doping, and fig. 4 shows the compressive strength of the material before and after doping.
Example 2:
the difference from example 1 is the kind of the impregnation solution and the impregnation process. The technological parameters influencing the oxidation resistance of the light carbon-based composite material mainly comprise the concentration, the type, the introduction sequence and the like of the dipping solution, and the invention is further explained by mainly adopting two oxidation-resistant components to combine to dope the light carbon-based composite material matrix in the embodiment 2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the density is 0.4g/cm3The light carbon-based composite material base material is processed into a block sample with the size of 13.1 multiplied by 23.0 multiplied by 32.5mm, the surface is cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning by alcohol after being blown off, and then the block sample is placed in an oven to be dried for 24 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃.
(2) Pouring boric acid powder into water, stirring by using a glass rod until most of the powder is dissolved, and heating at 110 ℃ by using an ultrasonic instrument and ultrasonically vibrating for dissolving to obtain 25% boric acid solution; a 7% PSNB precursor impregnation solution was obtained in the same manner as in (2) in example 1.
(3) And (3) putting the beaker filled with the light carbon-based composite material sample into a vacuum impregnation tank, vacuumizing the vacuum impregnation tank (the vacuum degree is less than or equal to-0.1 MPa), introducing the PSNB precursor impregnation solution into the beaker by utilizing pressure difference, keeping the pressure state for 0.5h, then impregnating for 0.5h at normal pressure, taking out the sample, and wiping to dry.
(4) And (3) placing the soaked sample in an oven at 170 ℃ for curing for 2h under normal pressure, placing the sample in a cracking furnace, introducing protective atmosphere, heating to 900 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and then preserving heat for 1h to obtain the SiBCN modified light carbon-based composite material.
(5) Then, dipping the sample by adopting a boric acid solution, and drying for 2h at 170 ℃ after dipping; then keeping the temperature at 330 ℃ for 0.5h under the protective atmosphere for dehydration treatment to obtain B2O3The weight gain of the sample is 11.38 percent. B is2O3The SiBCN is in a molten glass state at medium and low temperature, can effectively isolate oxygen to protect a carbon matrix, has excellent oxidation and ablation resistance at high temperature, and can greatly widen the oxidation resistance temperature range of the heat-proof, heat-insulation and bearing integrated light carbon-based composite material by combining the SiBCN and the SiBCN.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a heat-proof, heat-insulation and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the fiber-reinforced light carbon-based composite material is used as a base material and processed into a required shape, the surface is cleaned by blowing, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out by using alcohol, and then the material is placed in an oven to be dried for 24-48 h at the temperature of 90-120 ℃;
(2) preparing a material A, mixing the material A and a solvent according to a certain proportion, and mechanically stirring for 1-4 hours to obtain a dipping solution; the material A is boric acid or phosphoric acid; or the material A is ceramic powder of an antioxidant component; or the material A is an organic or inorganic precursor of an antioxidant component; the antioxidant components are SiBCN, SiCO, SiC, ZrC and ZrB2HfC and HfB2One or more of the above; the solvent is xylene or ethyl benzeneOne or more of alcohol and distilled water;
(3) immersing a light carbon-based composite material sample into the immersion solution prepared in the step (2), immersing the solution into the light carbon-based composite material sample by adopting methods such as ultrasonic oscillation, vacuum or normal pressure immersion and the like, keeping for a certain time, taking out the sample, and wiping the sample;
(4) placing the light carbon-based composite material sample soaked in the step (3) into a drying oven for curing and drying, and then carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the composite material to obtain a light carbon-ceramic composite material containing an antioxidant component;
(5) and (5) repeating the processes from the step (2) to the step (4) for 0-5 times.
2. The preparation method of the heat protection-insulation-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the density range of the light carbon-based composite material is 0.2-0.7 g/cm3The light carbon-based composite material is a fiber-reinforced carbon aerogel composite material or a carbon foam composite material.
3. The preparation method of the heat-proof, heat-insulating and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), when the material A is boric acid or phosphoric acid, the preparation method of the dipping solution comprises the following steps: pouring boric acid or phosphoric acid powder into deionized water at 90 ℃, mechanically stirring until most of the powder is dissolved, and then putting the powder into an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic vibration dissolution at 110 ℃ to obtain boric acid or phosphoric acid dipping solution; wherein: the weight ratio of the boric acid powder or the phosphoric acid powder to the water is 1 (3-10).
4. The preparation method of the heat protection-insulation-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), when the material A is ceramic powder of an antioxidant component, the preparation method of the dipping solution comprises the following steps: pouring the ceramic powder into deionized water or ethanol, and mechanically stirring to obtain a ceramic powder impregnation solution; wherein: the weight ratio of the ceramic powder to the solvent is (5-30): 100.
5. The preparation method of the heat-proof, heat-insulating and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), when the material A is an organic or inorganic precursor of an antioxidant component, the preparation method of the dipping solution comprises the following steps: mixing the precursor of the antioxidant component with xylene according to a certain proportion, and preparing a precursor dipping solution after magnetically stirring for 2-4 h; wherein the weight ratio of the precursor of the antioxidant component to the xylene solvent is (5-30): 100; the SiBCN precursor is polyborosilazane PSNB, the SiCO precursor is polysiloxane PSO, the SiC precursor is polycarbosilane PCS, and the ZrC precursor is organic zirconium precursors PZC and ZrB2The precursors of (1) are organic zirconium precursors PZB, HfC and HfB2The precursor of (A) is HfCl4An organic precursor formulated for a hafnium source.
6. The preparation method of the heat protection-insulation-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), when the dipping solution is prepared by adopting boric acid or phosphoric acid, ultrasonic vibration dipping is adopted, and the dipping time is 0.5-2 h; when the dipping solution is prepared by adopting ceramic powder or precursor of an antioxidant component, vacuum-normal pressure dipping is adopted, and the specific method comprises the following steps: putting a sample into a beaker, placing the beaker in a vacuum impregnation tank, vacuumizing the impregnation tank (the vacuum degree is less than or equal to-0.1 MPa), introducing an impregnation solution into the beaker filled with the sample by utilizing pressure difference, keeping the vacuum degree for 0.5-2 h, and then keeping the vacuum degree for 0.5-2 h at normal pressure.
7. The preparation method of the heat-proof, heat-insulating and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), when the boric acid or phosphoric acid dipping solution is used, the process of heat-treating the sample is carried out in multiple steps: raising the temperature from the normal temperature to 170-250 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of 5 ℃/min under a protective atmosphere, preserving the heat for 0.5-1 h, then continuing raising the temperature to 300-400 ℃, preserving the heat for 0.5-1 h, raising the temperature to 500-700 ℃ and preserving the heat for 0.5-1 h.
8. The preparation method of the heat-proof, heat-insulating and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), when the dipping solution is prepared from ceramic powder or precursor of an antioxidant component, the heat treatment process of the sample is as follows: heating to 800-1500 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min under the protective atmosphere, and preserving the heat for 0.5-2 h.
9. The preparation method of the heat-proof, heat-insulating and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in step (5), when steps (2) to (4) are repeated, the composition of the modified component of the light carbon-based composite material can be adjusted by changing the concentration of the impregnation solution, the type of the impregnation solution and the impregnation sequence, and typical concentrations, types, sequences of the impregnation solution and the obtained modified composite material include, but are not limited to, the following 10 types:
(1) and (3) dipping sequence: 25 wt.% boric acid solution; the obtained material is as follows: boron oxide modified light carbon-based composites;
(2) and (3) dipping sequence: 25 wt.% boric acid solution, 10 wt.% PSNB; the obtained material is as follows: boron oxide-SiBCN modified light carbon-based composite material;
(3) and (3) dipping sequence: 20 wt.% PSNB; the obtained material is as follows: SiBCN modified light carbon-based composite material;
(4) and (3) dipping sequence: 30 wt.% phosphoric acid solution; the obtained material is as follows: phosphoric acid modified light carbon-based composite materials;
(5) and (3) dipping sequence: 25 wt.% PCS; the obtained material is as follows: SiC modified light carbon-based composite material;
(6) and (3) dipping sequence: 30 wt.% PSO; the obtained material is as follows: SiCO precursor modified light carbon-based composite material;
(7) and (3) dipping sequence: 15 wt.% PZB; the obtained material is as follows: ZrB2A modified light carbon-based composite;
(8) and (3) dipping sequence: 20 wt.% PCS, 10 wt.% PZC; the obtained material is as follows: SiC-ZrC modified light carbon-based composite material;
(9) and (3) dipping sequence: 10 wt.% PCS, 20 wt.% HfB2An organic precursor; the obtained material is as follows: SiC-HfB2A modified light carbon-based composite;
(10) and (3) dipping sequence: 10wt.% PCS, 15 wt.% PZB, 15 wt.% PZC; the obtained material is as follows: SiC-ZrB2-a ZrC modified light carbon based composite.
10. A heat-proof, heat-insulating, load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the material consists of a fiber reinforcement body, carbon aerogel and a ceramic double-base body, wherein the ceramic base body is uniformly dispersed in a carbon aerogel three-dimensional nano network structure, and the multifunctional requirement under a long-term high-temperature aerobic environment is met by means of heat insulation-bearing of the carbon aerogel and anti-oxidation ablation of the ceramic base body.
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