CN114524411B - Hydrogen production device and system with controllable hydrogen production rate for fuel cell - Google Patents
Hydrogen production device and system with controllable hydrogen production rate for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN114524411B CN114524411B CN202210223349.6A CN202210223349A CN114524411B CN 114524411 B CN114524411 B CN 114524411B CN 202210223349 A CN202210223349 A CN 202210223349A CN 114524411 B CN114524411 B CN 114524411B
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 182
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/08—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/065—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents from a hydride
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells and hydrogen production, and provides a hydrogen production device, a hydrogen production system and a hydrogen production method with controllable hydrogen production rate for a fuel cell, which solve the problems that the utilization rate of water in the system is reduced, the starting rate is slow, and the hydrogen production rate cannot be accurately controlled, and the technical scheme is as follows: the water storage tank and the hydrogen production tank are connected in a way that a liquid absorption core is filled in a pump or a pipe, liquid water or water vapor slowly enters the system through an active material filling tank hole, the process keeps a good contact rate with active materials, and hydrogen is released; the surface hollow design of the water recovery tank controls the outflow rate of water and indirectly controls the contact time with active substances; the space of each part in the hydrogen production device can be pre-filled with one or more water absorbing materials, so that the stability of the reaction process rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells and hydrogen production, and particularly relates to a hydrogen production device, system and method with controllable hydrogen production rate for a fuel cell.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Finding a safe, efficient and reliable hydrogen storage way to provide hydrogen for fuel cells is an important problem that needs to be solved.
The currently common hydrogen storage modes are physical hydrogen storage and chemical hydrogen storage. The physical hydrogen storage mainly compresses hydrogen, is easy to release hydrogen but unsafe in high pressure, and has the problems of small mass or volume hydrogen storage density, heavy mass of a hydrogen storage tank and the like; different from the above, the chemical hydrogen storage can utilize the hydrolysis reaction of active substances to produce hydrogen, and has the advantages of high hydrogen storage quantity, safe use, high hydrogen purity and the like. However, no matter what hydrogen storage substance is, on one hand, the contact or reaction speed of the active substance and water cannot be controlled, on the other hand, the raw material liquid and the waste liquid cannot be separated in time, so that the raw material liquid and the waste liquid are mixed for a long time in the reaction process, the utilization rate of water in a system is reduced, the starting rate is slow, and the hydrogen production rate cannot be accurately controlled.
Various studies and researches have been carried out on the existing hydrolysis hydrogen production schemes, including designing from the aspect of chemical composition, such as designing a novel catalyst (patent number: CN 108862191), improving (patent number: CN 111634884A) or coating active substances (patent number: CN 109273702) so as to reduce the rate of contact or reaction of the active substances with water; from the aspect of water morphology, for example, water (patent number: CN 106495095), water vapor (patent number: CN 110713170) and the like are provided to reduce the severity of the reaction when contacted; the speed of contact with water is structurally controlled by the hydrogen production device, such as a water absorbing material (patent number: CN 106495096), a pressure difference structure (patent number: CN 201217634) and the like, and the speed control effect is realized by the reaction device. The above patent has high cost and complex process, which reduces the reliability and stability of the system, or the mixing of the later raw material liquid and the waste liquid makes the reaction rate difficult to be controlled accurately, and the method has certain limitation on related application scenes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one technical problem in the background art, a first aspect of the present invention provides a device for controlling hydrogen production rate of a fuel cell, wherein a water storage tank and a hydrogen production tank are connected in such a way that a pump or a pipe is filled with a liquid absorption core, liquid water or water vapor slowly enters a system through a hole of an active material filling tank, and the process maintains a good contact rate with active materials to release hydrogen; the surface hollow design of the water recovery tank controls the outflow rate of water and indirectly controls the contact time with active substances; the space of each part in the hydrogen production device can be pre-filled with one or more water absorbing materials, so that the stability of the reaction process rate is improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the device comprises two overlapped tank bodies, wherein the upper part is a hydrogen production tank, and the lower part is a wastewater tank;
a sleeve assembly is arranged in the hydrogen production tank, a first hollow cavity is formed between the outer wall of the sleeve assembly and the inner wall of the hydrogen production tank, the sleeve assembly comprises an active substance filling tank and a water recovery tank, the water recovery tank is positioned in the active substance filling tank, a second hollow cavity is formed between the inner wall of the active substance filling tank and the outer wall of the water recovery tank, the water recovery tank penetrates through the hydrogen production tank and the wastewater tank, and a third hollow cavity is formed between the inner walls of the water recovery tank;
the active material filling tank surface is provided with a first hollow structure, the water recycling tank surface is provided with a second hollow structure, the first hollow cavity is communicated with the second hollow cavity through the first hollow structure, and the second hollow cavity is communicated with the third hollow cavity through the second hollow structure.
In order to solve the above problems, a second aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen production system with controllable hydrogen production rate for a fuel cell, which is based on the hydrogen production device of the first aspect, and strictly controls the inflow rate and the rate of water or water vapor in the reaction process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydrogen production system for a fuel cell with a controllable hydrogen production rate, comprising: the hydrogen production device comprises a water storage tank, a water supply system, a hydrogen production device, a fuel cell stack, a water circulation system and a hydrogen supply system, wherein one end of the water supply system is connected with the water storage tank, the other end of the water supply system is connected with a first feed inlet of the hydrogen production tank, the fuel cell stack comprises a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen inlet is connected with a gas outlet of the hydrogen production device, one end of the water circulation system is connected with a wastewater outlet, and the other end of the water circulation system is connected with the first feed inlet.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention ensures the uniformity of the contact of the active substances with water through the hollow design of the surfaces of the active substance filling tank and the water recovery tank, can control the contact time of the water and the active substances, and improves the stability of the reaction process rate.
2. The hollow design of the active matter filling tank and the water recovery tank can lead the system to be weight-reduced, the carrying and the application to be more flexible, the device has compact and simple structure, can effectively control the contact rate of the active matter and the water, has more flexible system, higher safety and reliability, and is suitable for occasions of various fuel cells.
3. According to the invention, the hollowed shape and the opening size of the active substance filling tank are set, and a single or overlapped tank shell is flexibly selected according to the characteristics of the active substance, so that the contact speed of the active substance and water is accurately controlled, and the gas production speed is further controlled.
4. The water recovery tank can selectively splice two or more hollowed-out shapes and sizes according to the characteristics of actual active substances and the required hydrogen flow, so as to ensure the hydrogen production rate and the wastewater discharge rate in the reaction process.
5. The hydrogen production device can flexibly select the filling position and the type of the water absorbing material according to the characteristics of the actual active substances and the required hydrogen flow, further improves the uniformity of the contact of the active substances with water, and ensures the stability of the reaction process rate.
6. The water inlet of the invention can adopt various water inlet modes, the water storage tank and the hydrogen production tank are connected in a mode of filling a liquid suction core in a pump or a pipe, liquid water is directly fed or an ultrasonic atomization device is added to atomize the water into water vapor, the uniformity of contact with active substances and the stability of reaction rate are improved, after a period of reaction, waste water can flow into the waste water tank through the hollow surface of the water recovery tank, and the separation of raw material liquid and waste liquid is ensured.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hydrogen production tank with controllable hydrogen production rate of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an active fill tank structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water recovery tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a water absorbent material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an active material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an active material and water absorbent material filling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a system diagram of the structure of the device with controllable hydrogen production rate of the second fuel cell according to the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, a 1-hydrogen production tank, a 2-wastewater tank, a 201-wastewater outlet, a 3-sleeve assembly, a 301-active matter filling tank, 3011-a first hollow structure, 3011 a-an outer hollow hole, 3011 b-an inner hollow hole, 302-a water recovery tank, 3021-a second hollow structure, 3021 a-an upper hollow hole, 3021 b-a lower hollow hole, 3022-a filtering port, 4-a first hollow cavity, 5-a second hollow cavity, 6-a third hollow cavity, 7-a first feeding port, 701-an ultrasonic atomization device, 8-a second feeding port and 9-an air outlet.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", and the like, refer to an orientation or a positional relationship based on the orientation or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely relational terms, which are merely provided for convenience in describing the structural relationships of the respective components or elements of the present invention, and do not denote any one of the components or elements of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, terms such as "connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly and mean either fixedly connected or integrally connected or detachably connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the terms in the present invention can be determined according to circumstances by a person skilled in the relevant art or the art, and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-4, the embodiment provides a hydrogen production device with controllable hydrogen production rate for a fuel cell, which comprises two overlapped tanks, wherein the upper part is a hydrogen production tank 1, and the lower part is a waste water tank 2;
a sleeve assembly 3 is arranged in the hydrogen production tank 1, a first hollow cavity 4 is formed between the outer wall of the sleeve assembly 3 and the inner wall of the hydrogen production tank 1, the sleeve assembly 3 comprises an active matter filling tank 301 and a water recovery tank 302, the water recovery tank 302 is positioned in the active matter filling tank 301, a second hollow cavity 5 is formed between the inner wall of the active matter filling tank 301 and the outer wall of the water recovery tank 302, the water recovery tank 302 penetrates through the hydrogen production tank 1 and the wastewater tank 2, and a third hollow cavity 6 is formed between the inner walls of the water recovery tank 302;
the active material filling tank 301 is provided with a first hollow structure 3011 on the surface, the water recovery tank 302 is provided with a second hollow structure 3021 on the surface, the first hollow cavity 4 is communicated with the second hollow cavity 5 through the first hollow structure 3011, and the second hollow cavity 5 is communicated with the third hollow cavity 6 through the second hollow structure 3021.
The bottom of the wastewater tank 2 is provided with a wastewater outlet 201, and the bottom of the water recovery tank 302 is provided with a filtering port 3022. After a period of reaction, water can flow into the wastewater tank 2 through the hollowed-out holes on the surface of the water recovery tank 302, so that the separation of raw material liquid and wastewater is ensured, and finally, the wastewater can be discharged from the wastewater outlet 201;
it will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the hydrogen production tank 1 may be made into any shape according to practical needs, for example, a polygonal shape such as a sphere, a cylinder, a cube, a cuboid, etc., and the present invention is preferably a cylinder.
As one or more embodiments, the lid surface of hydrogen production tank 1 is provided with a first feed port 7, and the lid surface of active material filling tank 301 is provided with a second feed port 8 and an air outlet 9.
The first feed inlet 7 is used for conveying water absorbing materials or water;
the second feed inlet 8 is used for conveying water absorbing materials or active substances;
the gas outlet 9 is used for outputting hydrogen.
As one or more embodiments, the first hollow structure 3011 is a single-layer hollow hole;
or, the first hollow structure 3011 is formed by combining multiple layers of hollow holes with gradually changed pore diameters, and hollow cavities are formed between the layers.
The aperture gradual change rule of the multi-layer hollow holes of the first hollow structure 3011 is gradually smaller from outside to inside.
As shown in fig. 2, this embodiment is illustrated by taking the first hollow structure 3011 as a combination of two layers of hollow holes, the aperture of the outer layer hollow hole 3011a is larger than that of the inner layer hollow hole 3011b, and the arrangement that the aperture of the outer layer hollow hole 3011a is larger than that of the inner layer hollow hole 3011b is used for strictly controlling the water or water vapor entering in the reaction process.
As one or more embodiments, the second hollow structure 3021 is a single hollow hole;
or, the second hollow structure 3021 is formed by combining hollow holes with gradually changed pore diameters.
The rule of gradual change of the aperture of the hollow hole of the second hollow structure 3021 is gradually increased from top to bottom.
As shown in fig. 3-5, in this embodiment, the second hollow structure 3021 is an example of splicing two hollow holes with different apertures up and down, the aperture of the upper hollow hole 3021a is smaller than that of the lower hollow hole 3021b, water at the upper part of the device flows under the action of gravity in the reaction process, the water flow at the lower part is larger, in order to ensure the consistency of the contact time of the water in the device, the water enters the device through the first hollow cavity 4, the second hollow cavity 5 is pre-filled with the water absorbing material, the active substance enters the device through the second hollow cavity 5, the water just from the device slowly flows in through the first hollow structure 3011, and the water always keeps good contact with the active substance due to the water storage effect of the water absorbing material in the process, and the reaction releases hydrogen;
after a period of reaction, water on the upper side of the water recovery tank 302 flows into the bottom under the action of weight, and the hollow opening at the lower end of the water recovery tank 302 is large, so that the timely removal of wastewater is facilitated, and the stability of the reaction process rate is ensured.
The scheme has the advantages that the hollowed-out design can reduce the weight of the system, and the carrying and application are more flexible.
As one or more embodiments, the first hollow cavity 4, the second hollow cavity 5 and the third hollow cavity 6 are pre-filled with one or more water absorbing materials;
for example, the water absorbing material includes, but is not limited to, a water absorbing resin, a sponge, a water absorbing paper or a water absorbing cotton, and a mixture of one or more of the other water absorbing materials, and the filling heights of the water absorbing materials may be the same or different.
The type and shape of the water absorbing material can be selected according to the first hollow structure 3011 and the second hollow structure 3021.
As shown in fig. 6, the first hollow structure is still exemplified by a combination of two layers of hollow holes, the first water absorbing material is filled in the gaps between the hydrogen production tank 1 and the outer active material filling tank, the second water absorbing material is filled in the gaps between the outer active material filling tank and the inner active material filling tank, the third water absorbing material is filled in the gaps between the inner active material filling tank and the water recovery tank, and the first water absorbing material, the second water absorbing material and the third water absorbing material may be the same or different, and may be one or more materials.
Water or vapor enters the system through the water inlet to react with active substances, and after the water or vapor of the system just begins to flow in through the outer side hole of the active substance filling tank 301, the water or vapor continuously flows in through the outer side hole of the active substance filling tank 301, and under the action of the water absorbing material, the water or vapor always keeps good contact rate with active metals, and hydrogen is released; after a period of reaction, the wastewater can flow into the wastewater tank 2 through the hollow surface of the water recovery tank 302, and finally can be discharged from the wastewater outlet 201.
The technical advantage of the above scheme is that the water absorbing material is pre-filled in each part of space in the hydrogen production device, the contact area and the contact time of water and active substances are ensured by the pre-filled water absorbing material and the hollow structure of the designed water recovery tank 302, the reaction rate is better controlled, and the waste water in the device is removed in time.
Liquid water or steam enters the hydrogen production system and is uniformly distributed in the hydrogen production device all the time under the water storage effect of the water absorbing material, so that the water or steam is uniformly contacted with active substances in the reaction process, and the reaction process rate is kept stable.
As one or more examples, the active fill tank 301 is filled with an active material, such as a filled active metal (alloy) or hydride. The hydrides include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal hydrides, borohydrides thereof, etc., of which NaBH is the most representative 4 Under the proper conditions, the hydrogen is released by the chemical reaction of the hydrogen and water, and the reaction is as follows:
NaBH 4 +2H 2 O→NaBO 2 +4H 2 ↑+210KJ
the method can realize controllable reaction rate, high efficiency and high safety, and has flexible and convenient use occasions and better hydrogen supply for the fuel cell system by controlling the rate of water contacting active substances such as active metals or hydrides to control the hydrogen production rate through designing the hollowed shapes and sizes of the active substance filling tank 2 and the water recovery tank 302.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the hollow holes of the active material filling tank 301 and the water recovery tank 302 may be the same or different, including the shape and the size of the hollow hole, and the hollow shapes and the hollow sizes of different heights may be changed according to actual needs, so that those skilled in the art may set themselves according to specific working conditions, which is not described in detail herein.
The hollowed-out design on the surface of the water recovery tank 302 controls the outflow rate of water, indirectly controls the contact time with active substances, and improves the stability of the reaction process rate.
As one or more embodiments, the material of the hydrogen production tank 1 may be a light metal alloy, for example, an aluminum alloy or a titanium alloy material may be selected;
or, the hydrogen production tank 1 may be made of engineering plastic, for example, polycarbonate.
The inner wall of the hydrogen production tank 1 is provided with a temperature and pressure sensor which can be used for reflecting the chemical reaction rate in the tank;
the first feed inlet 7 is provided with an ultrasonic atomization device 701, and liquid water at the feed inlet is converted into water vapor, so that the water is in more uniform contact with the active substances.
When the temperature in the device is too high, the water entering the water recovery tank 302 absorbs heat to become steam for balancing the temperature in the system. The system ensures the contact area and the contact time of water and active substances by adding the water inlet ultrasonic atomization device 701 and the pre-filling water absorbing material, and is suitable for a fuel cell system with more accurate hydrogen inlet pressure.
The device has compact and simple structure, can effectively control the contact rate of active substances and water, has flexible system and higher safety and reliability, and is suitable for various occasions needing to be used for hydrogen fuel cells.
Example two
As shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment provides a hydrogen production system for a fuel cell with a controllable hydrogen production rate, comprising: the hydrogen production device comprises a water storage tank, a hydrogen production device, a fuel cell stack, a water supply system, a water circulation system and a hydrogen supply system, wherein one end of the water supply system is connected with the water storage tank, the other end of the water supply system is connected with a first feed inlet 7 of the hydrogen production device, the fuel cell stack comprises a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen inlet is connected with an air outlet 9 of the hydrogen production device, one end of the water circulation system is connected with a waste water outlet 201, and the other end of the water circulation system is connected with the first feed inlet 7 for recycling part of water.
The water storage tank and the hydrogen production tank 1 are connected through a pump or are internally filled with a liquid suction core through a connecting pipe, the liquid suction core material comprises, but is not limited to, water suction cotton, water suction paper or a mixture of one or more of other water suction materials, the type and the shape of the liquid suction core can be selected according to the hydrogen flow required by the hydrogen production device tank, water flows into the water inlet of the hydrogen production tank 1 from the water storage tank through the pump or the liquid suction core in the pipe, and the water inlet of the hydrogen production tank 1 is provided with an ultrasonic atomization device 701 for flexibly adjusting the flow and the speed of water entering the system, so that the stability of the speed of the reaction process is facilitated. Water is added through the first feed port 7 and active substances or water absorbing materials are filled through the second feed port 8;
determining the position and the height of filling the water absorbing material according to the characteristics of the active substances and the required hydrogen flow, and selecting and filling single or multiple water absorbing materials;
the using method of the device and the system comprises the following steps:
determining a water inlet mode and a water form according to the characteristics of active substances and the required hydrogen flow, for example, selecting liquid water or water vapor and connecting a water storage tank and a hydrogen production tank 1 in a way of filling a liquid absorption core in a pump or a pipe;
determining the shape and opening size of the hollow hole of the active material filling tank according to the characteristics of the active material, and selecting a single or stacked tank shell if the shells are stacked;
determining the height of the water recovery tank 302 according to the characteristics of the active substances and the required hydrogen flow, and selecting and splicing single or multiple hollowed-out hole shapes and sizes;
the water flows into the hollow holes on the surface of the active material filling tank 301 to contact with the active material, the reaction releases hydrogen, and the hydrogen is discharged through the air outlet 9;
the reacted wastewater flows into the wastewater tank 2 through the water recovery tank 302 and flows out through the wastewater outlet 201.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The hydrogen production device with controllable hydrogen production rate for the fuel cell is characterized by comprising two overlapped tank bodies, wherein the upper part is a hydrogen production tank, and the lower part is a wastewater tank;
a sleeve assembly is arranged in the hydrogen production tank, a first hollow cavity is formed between the outer wall of the sleeve assembly and the inner wall of the hydrogen production tank, the sleeve assembly comprises an active substance filling tank and a water recovery tank, the water recovery tank is positioned in the active substance filling tank, a second hollow cavity is formed between the inner wall of the active substance filling tank and the outer wall of the water recovery tank, the water recovery tank penetrates through the hydrogen production tank and the wastewater tank, and a third hollow cavity is formed between the inner walls of the water recovery tank;
the surface of the active matter filling tank is provided with a first hollow structure, the surface of the water recovery tank is provided with a second hollow structure, the first hollow cavity is communicated with the second hollow cavity through the first hollow structure, and the second hollow cavity is communicated with the third hollow cavity through the second hollow structure;
the first hollow structure is formed by combining multiple layers of hollow holes with gradually changed pore diameters, and hollow cavities are formed between the layers; the aperture gradual change rule of the multilayer hollow holes of the first hollow structure is gradually reduced from outside to inside;
the second hollow structure is formed by combining hollow holes with gradually changed apertures from top to bottom; the rule of gradual change of the aperture of the hollow hole of the second hollow structure is that the aperture gradually increases from top to bottom;
the first hollow cavity, the second hollow cavity and the third hollow cavity are filled with one or more water absorbing materials in advance; a first feed inlet is formed in the surface of the cover of the hydrogen production tank; the first feed inlet is provided with an ultrasonic atomization device, and the contact area and the contact time of water and active substances are ensured by adding the water inlet ultrasonic atomization device and the pre-filling water absorbing material.
2. A hydrogen plant for fuel cell hydrogen production at a controllable rate as claimed in claim 1 wherein said water absorbing material is selected in accordance with a first hollowed-out structure and a second hollowed-out structure.
3. A hydrogen plant with controllable hydrogen production rate for fuel cells as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lid surface of the active material filling tank is provided with a second feed inlet and an air outlet.
4. A hydrogen production system for a fuel cell having a controllable hydrogen production rate, comprising: the hydrogen production device comprises a water storage tank, a water supply system, a hydrogen production device as claimed in claim 1, a fuel cell stack, a water circulation system and a hydrogen supply system, wherein one end of the water supply system is connected with the water storage tank, the other end of the water supply system is connected with a first feed inlet of the hydrogen production tank, the fuel cell stack comprises a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen inlet is connected with an air outlet of the hydrogen production device, one end of the water circulation system is connected with a waste water outlet, and the other end of the water circulation system is connected with the first feed inlet.
5. A hydrogen production system with controllable hydrogen production rate for fuel cells as in claim 4 wherein the water storage tank and hydrogen production tank are connected by a pump or a connecting tube is filled with a wick, and water flows from the water storage tank through the pump or the wick in the tube into the first feed port of the hydrogen production tank.
6. A hydrogen production system with controllable hydrogen production rate for a fuel cell as in claim 4 wherein the hydrogen production tank water inlet is provided with an ultrasonic atomizing device for atomizing liquid water.
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