CN114520303A - Electrochemical device and electronic device - Google Patents
Electrochemical device and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114520303A CN114520303A CN202011302539.4A CN202011302539A CN114520303A CN 114520303 A CN114520303 A CN 114520303A CN 202011302539 A CN202011302539 A CN 202011302539A CN 114520303 A CN114520303 A CN 114520303A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of electrochemical devices, in particular to an electrochemical device and an electronic device, wherein the electrochemical device comprises an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly comprises a first pole piece, a separation film and a second pole piece, the polarities of the first pole piece and the second pole piece are opposite, and the separation film is arranged between the first pole piece and the second pole piece. After the electrochemical device is fully charged, continuous charging can lead to the generation of a large amount of heat inside the electrode assembly, so that the heat shrinkage layer shrinks, the isolating membrane is driven to shrink, the first pole piece and the second pole piece are in contact discharge, the capacity of the electrochemical device is reduced, and the safety of the electrochemical device in an overcharged state is improved.
Description
Technical Field
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of electrochemical devices, and more particularly, to an electrochemical device and an electronic device.
Background
The electrochemical device converts electric energy into chemical energy, and converts the chemical energy into electric energy to supply power to electronic equipment at the moment when the electric energy is needed. With the rapid growth of mobile electronic devices, the demand for electrochemical devices has increased rapidly, and the research and application of electrochemical devices have been increasing.
In the process of implementing the embodiment of the present application, the inventors of the present application find that: the electrode assembly of the conventional electrochemical device does not have the function of overcharge protection, the electrochemical device is charged continuously after being fully charged, a large amount of heat is generated inside the electrode assembly, and if the heat cannot be dissipated timely, the accumulated heat can cause the electrochemical device to burn or explode, so that great potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, embodiments of the present application provide an electrochemical device and an electronic device that overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an electrochemical device including an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly including a first pole piece, a separator, and a second pole piece, the first pole piece and the second pole piece having opposite polarities, the separator being disposed between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, wherein the electrode assembly includes a thermal sensing unit, wherein the thermal sensing unit includes at least one thermal contraction layer that is shrinkable in a process of temperature increase from 25 degrees celsius to 200 degrees celsius, the thermal contraction layer being disposed on at least one surface of the separator, the thermal contraction layer being disposed between the first pole piece and the separator.
In an alternative mode, the heat-shrinkable layer is further disposed between the second pole piece and the isolation film.
In an optional manner, the thermal sensing unit further includes at least one resistive layer disposed between the first pole piece and the thermal contraction layer.
In an optional manner, the heat-shrinkable layer is further disposed between the second pole piece and the isolation film, and the resistance layer is further disposed between the second pole piece and the heat-shrinkable layer.
In an optional mode, the first pole piece comprises a first current collector, and the first current collector is in contact with the resistance layer.
In an alternative, the second pole piece includes a second current collector, and the second current collector is in contact with the resistance layer.
In an alternative mode, the electrode assembly is in a winding structure, a side of the electrode assembly from which the tab protrudes is a first edge region of the electrode assembly, a side of the electrode assembly opposite to the side of the electrode assembly from which the tab protrudes is a second edge region of the electrode assembly, and the heat sensing unit is disposed in the first edge region or the second edge region.
In an alternative mode, the thermal sensing unit is arranged at the outermost circle of the first pole piece by taking the first pole piece as a reference.
In an alternative form, the heat-shrinkable layer satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (a) the heat-shrinkable layer comprises at least one of polyethylene wax, polyethylene, polypropylene wax or vaseline; (b) the thickness of the heat-shrinkable layer is 20 to 100 μm; (c) the heat-shrinkable layer has a melting temperature of 60 to 110 ℃.
In an alternative form, the resistive layer satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (a) the resistance layer comprises an organic matter and a conductive agent, the organic matter comprises at least one of polyethylene wax, polyethylene, polypropylene wax or vaseline, and the conductive agent comprises at least one of copper particles, aluminum particles, graphite, carbon black or graphene; (b) the mass percentage of the conductive agent in the resistance layer is 8-20%; (c) the thickness of the resistance layer is 20 μm to 100 μm.
In an alternative form, the heat-shrinkable layer has an area of 0.05mm2To 8mm2。
In an alternative form, the electrochemical device satisfies the following equation:
wherein U represents a full charge voltage of the electrochemical device, Cap represents a capacity of the electrochemical device, and R represents a resistance value of the resistive layer, wherein the full charge voltage is in V, the capacity of the electrochemical device is in Ah, and the resistance value of the resistive layer is in Ω.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an electronic device including the electrochemical device described above.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment of the application are that: different from the existing electrochemical device, the electrochemical device provided by the embodiment of the application comprises an electrode assembly, wherein the electrode assembly comprises a first pole piece, a separation film, a second pole piece and a thermal induction unit, the polarities of the first pole piece and the second pole piece are opposite, and the separation film is arranged between the first pole piece and the second pole piece. The heat induction unit comprises at least one heat shrinkage layer, the heat shrinkage layer is arranged on at least one surface of the isolation film, the heat shrinkage layer is located between the first pole piece and the isolation film, and/or the heat shrinkage layer is located between the second pole piece and the isolation film. After the electrochemical device is fully charged, the electrochemical device continues to be charged, and the heat generated in the electrode assembly can enable the heat shrinkage layer to shrink, so that the isolation film is driven to shrink, the first pole piece and the second pole piece are in contact discharge, the capacity of the electrochemical device is reduced, and the safety of the electrochemical device in an overcharged state is improved.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to the figures in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and which are not to scale unless otherwise specified.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrochemical device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one implementation of an electrode assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of area A in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram in which a resistive layer of an electrode assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application is disposed on a first active material or a second active material;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of an electrode assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of a region B in FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a prior art electrochemical device.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," and the like as used herein are for descriptive purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, the electrochemical device 200 includes an electrode assembly 100, the electrode assembly 100 includes a first pole piece 10, a separator 20, a second pole piece 30 and a thermal sensing unit 40, the polarities of the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 30 are opposite, and the separator 20 is disposed between the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 30. The heat sensing unit 40 includes at least one heat shrinkage layer 401, which is capable of shrinking during a temperature increase from 25 degrees celsius to 200 degrees celsius, the heat shrinkage layer 401 being disposed on at least one surface of the separator 20, the heat shrinkage layer 401 being located between the first electrode sheet 10 and the separator 20, and/or the heat shrinkage layer 401 being located between the second electrode sheet 30 and the separator 20, the heat shrinkage layer 401 being configured to shrink the separator 20 to cause a contact discharge between the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 30 when a temperature of the electrode assembly 100 is greater than a preset threshold value. After the electrochemical device 200 is fully charged, the electrochemical device continues to be charged, and a large amount of heat is generated inside the electrode assembly 100, so that the heat shrinkage layer 401 shrinks, the separator 20 is driven to shrink, the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 30 are caused to discharge in a contact manner, the capacity of the electrochemical device is reduced, and the safety of the electrochemical device 200 in an overcharged state is improved.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3 for the thermal sensing unit 40, the thermal sensing unit 40 includes at least one heat shrinkable layer 401 and at least one resistive layer 402, and the heat shrinkable layer 401 and the resistive layer 402 in contact satisfy the following relationship: the orthographic area of the resistive layer 402 in the thickness direction falls within the orthographic area of the heat shrinkable layer in the thickness direction.
As for the heat-shrinkable layers 401, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the number of the heat-shrinkable layers 401 is two, one heat-shrinkable layer 401 is located between the first pole piece 10 and the separator 20, and the other heat-shrinkable layer 401 is located between the second pole piece 30 and the separator 20.
When the number of the heat shrink layers 401 is two, the two heat shrink layers 401 may be located between the first pole piece 10 and the separator 20, or the two heat shrink layers 401 may be located between the second pole piece 30 and the separator 20.
It should be noted that the number of the heat shrinkage layer 401 may also be one, that is, the heat shrinkage layer 401 is disposed on one surface of the isolation film 20, and the heat shrinkage layer 401 is located between the first pole piece 10 and the isolation film 20, and/or the heat shrinkage layer 401 is located between the second pole piece 30 and the isolation film 20. In other words, referring to fig. 5 and fig. 6, the heat shrinkage layer 401 is located between the first pole piece 10 and the isolation film 20, or the heat shrinkage layer 401 is located between the second pole piece 30 and the isolation film 20, or one end of the heat shrinkage layer 401 is disposed on one surface of the isolation film 20, and the other end of the heat shrinkage layer 401 is disposed on the other surface of the isolation film 20
Notably, in some embodiments, the heat-shrinkable layer 401 satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (a) the heat-shrinkable layer 401 includes at least one of polyethylene wax, polyethylene, polypropylene wax, or petrolatum; (b) the thickness of the heat-shrinkable layer 401 is 20 μm to 100 μm; (c) the melting temperature of the heat-shrinkable layer 401 is 60 degrees celsius to 110 degrees celsius. By selecting or defining the material, size and melting temperature of the heat shrinkable layer 401, the melting speed of the heat shrinkable layer 401 and the shrinking speed of the separator 20 can be controlled, so that the contact discharge speed of the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 30 can be controlled.
It is worth noting that in some embodiments, the area of the heat-shrinkable layer 401 (referring to a single area on one surface of the pole piece) is 0.05mm2To 8mm2. By setting the area of the thermal contraction layer 401, on one hand, the contraction speed of the isolation film 20 can be controlled, and further the contact discharge speed of the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 30 can be controlled. On the other hand, selecting an appropriate area of the thermal contraction layer 401 does not greatly affect the charge/discharge performance of the electrochemical device 200 and does not affect the energy density of the electrochemical device.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the number of the resistive layers 402 is two, one resistive layer 402 is disposed between the first pole piece 10 and the heat shrinkable layer 401, and the other resistive layer 402 is disposed between the second pole piece 30 and the heat shrinkable layer 401.
If the number of the resistive layer 402 is one, the resistive layer 402 may be disposed between the first pole piece 10 and the heat shrinkable layer 401, and/or the resistive layer 402 may be disposed between the second pole piece 30 and the heat shrinkable layer 401. The arrangement of the resistive layer 402 can refer to the arrangement of the heat shrinkable layer 401, and is not described in detail herein.
It is noted that in some embodiments, the resistive layer 402 meets at least one of the following characteristics: (a) the resistive layer 402 includes an organic substance including at least one of polyethylene wax, polyethylene, polypropylene wax, or vaseline, and a conductive agent including at least one of copper particles, aluminum particles, graphite, carbon black, or graphene; (b) the mass percentage of the conductive agent in the resistive layer 402 is 8% to 20%; (c) the resistive layer 402 has a thickness of 20 μm to 100 μm.
It is noted that, in some embodiments, the electrochemical device 200 satisfies the following equation:
where U denotes a full charge voltage of the electrochemical device 200, Cap denotes a capacity of the electrochemical device 200, and R denotes a resistance value of the resistive layer 402, where the full charge voltage is in V, the capacity of the electrochemical device 200 is mAh, and the resistance value of the resistive layer 402 is in Ω.
It can be understood that the definition of the above formula can ensure that the electrochemical device 200 can release 2% to 5% of electricity within 5 minutes, so as to release a proper amount of electricity within a short time, thereby avoiding thermal runaway of the electrochemical device.
It should be noted that, by providing the resistive layer 402, the resistive layer 402 is opposite to the thermal contraction layer 401, the thermal contraction layer 401 contracts and drives the isolation film 20 to contract, the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 30 contact through the resistive layer 402, and the discharge speed of the electrochemical device 200 can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the resistive layer 402, the content of the conductive agent and the content of the conductive agent, and the like.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3 for the first and second electrode sheets 10 and 30, the first electrode sheet 10 includes a first current collector 101 and a first active material layer 102, and the first active material layer 102 is disposed on the first current collector 101. The second electrode sheet 30 includes a second current collector 301 and a second active material layer 302, and the second active material layer 302 is disposed on the second current collector 301. In fig. 2 and 3, the number of the resistive layers 402 is two, one resistive layer 402 is disposed on the first current collector 101, and the other resistive layer 402 is disposed on the second current collector 301.
It is understood that the number of the resistive layers 402 is one, one resistive layer 402 is disposed on the first current collector 101, and/or one resistive layer 402 is disposed on the second current collector 301.
Preferably, the resistive layer 402 is disposed at an edge of the first current collector 101, and/or the resistive layer 402 is disposed at an edge of the second current collector 301.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 4, the first active material layer 102 covers the first current collector 101, the second active material layer 302 covers the second current collector 301, the resistive layer 402 is disposed on the first active material layer 102, and/or the resistive layer 402 is disposed on the second active material layer 302.
In some embodiments, the electrode assembly 100 is a winding structure, referring to fig. 1, the electrode assembly 100 is connected with a tab 50, the tab 50 is located in a direction perpendicular to a winding direction of the electrode assembly 100, a side of the tab 50 extending out is a first edge region of the electrode assembly 100, a side opposite to the side of the electrode assembly 100 where the tab 50 extends out is a second edge region of the electrode assembly 100, and the heat sensing unit 40 is disposed in the first edge region or the second edge region. Preferably, the heat sensing unit 40 is disposed at the first edge region. Since the space on the side where the tab 50 protrudes is relatively large, heat generated from the electrode assembly 100 is easily released, and the heat sensing unit 40 is located at the first edge region, the electrochemical device 200 is more safe when charged.
It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the first edge region is a region within 20mm from the edge of the electrode assembly 100 toward the electrode assembly 100, and the second edge region is a region within 20mm from the edge of the electrode assembly 100 toward the electrode assembly 100.
It should be noted that the electrode assembly 100 is a winding structure, and referring to fig. 2, the first pole piece 10, the isolation film 20, the second pole piece 30, the heat shrinkage layer 401 and the resistance layer 402 are all winding structures, and referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments, the heat sensing unit 40 is disposed at the outermost circle of the first pole piece 10 with reference to the first pole piece 10. In other words, the heat sensing unit 40 is disposed at the outermost circle of the first pole piece 10, and the thermal shrinkage film shrinks to bring the separator 20 into contact with it, thereby achieving contact discharge of the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 30, and the energy density of the electrode assembly 100 is high.
It is understood that the electrode assembly 100 may have other structures, and is not limited to the winding structure. Regardless of the structure of the electrode assembly 100, after the electrochemical device 200 is fully charged, the first and second electrode sheets 10 and 30 continue to be discharged, thereby ensuring the safety of the electrochemical device 200 in the overcharged state.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the electrode assembly 100 having the winding structure is optimally disposed such that the number of the heat shrinkage layers 401 is two and the number of the resistance layers 402 is two in the first pole piece 10, the separator 20, the second pole piece 30, the heat shrinkage layers 401 and the resistance layers 402 of the electrode assembly 100. The first active material layer 102 is disposed on the first current collector 101, a resistive layer 402 is disposed on the outermost circle of the first current collector 101, the resistive layer 402 is disposed on the first current collector 101 opposite to the thermal contraction layer 401, and the resistive layer 402 is located on the first edge region. The second active material layer 302 is disposed on the second current collector 301, the another resistive layer 402 is disposed on the outermost circle of the second current collector 301, the another resistive layer 402 is disposed on the second current collector 301 at a position opposite to the thermal contraction layer 401, and the another resistive layer 402 is located at the first edge region. The two heat-shrinkable layers 401 are respectively located on two surfaces of the isolation film 20, and both the heat-shrinkable layers 401 are opposite to the resistive layer 402.
For the convenience of the reader to more intuitively and better understand the performance and effect of the electrochemical device of the present application, 9 electrochemical devices of the present application and 1 electrochemical device of the prior art are selected for comparative experiments, wherein, the 9 electrochemical devices of the present application are specifically as follows:
electrochemical device 1
<1-1. preparation of Positive electrode sheet >
Mixing the positive active material lithium cobaltate, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) according to the mass ratio of 94: 3, adding N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent, preparing slurry with the solid content of 75%, and uniformly stirring. And uniformly coating the slurry on one surface of an aluminum foil with the thickness of 12 mu m, drying at 90 ℃, obtaining a positive pole piece with the thickness of a positive active material layer of 100 mu m after cold pressing, and then repeating the steps on the other surface of the positive pole piece to obtain the positive pole piece with the positive active material layer coated on the two surfaces. Cutting the positive pole piece into a specification of 74mm x 867mm, and welding a lug for later use.
According to the figure 1, a resistance layer is coated on the corresponding position of the positive pole piece, the thickness of the resistance layer is 20 μm, and the area of the resistance layer is 8mm2The resistance layer is characterized in that the organic matter in the resistance layer is polyethylene, the conductive agent is carbon black, the mass percentage of the carbon black is 8%, the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the actually measured resistance value of the resistance layer is 1.46 omega.
<1-2. preparation of negative electrode sheet >
Mixing the negative active material artificial graphite, acetylene black, styrene butadiene rubber and sodium carboxymethylcellulose according to the mass ratio of 96: 1: 1.5, adding deionized water as a solvent, preparing slurry with the solid content of 70%, and uniformly stirring. And uniformly coating the slurry on one surface of a copper foil with the thickness of 8 mu m, drying at 110 ℃, obtaining a negative pole piece with the negative active material layer coated on one surface and the thickness of the negative active material layer of 150 mu m after cold pressing, and then repeating the coating steps on the other surface of the negative pole piece to obtain the negative pole piece with the negative active material layer coated on the two surfaces. Cutting the negative pole piece into a size of 74mm multiplied by 867mm, and welding a pole lug for later use.
According to the figure 1, a resistance layer is coated on the corresponding position of the negative pole piece, the thickness of the resistance layer is 20 μm, and the area of the resistance layer is 8mm2The organic matter in the resistance layer is polyethylene, the conductive agent is carbon black, the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the mass percentage content of the carbon black is 8%, and the resistance value of the resistance layer obtained by actual measurement is 1.46 omega.
<1-3. preparation of separator >
Selecting a polyethylene isolating film with the thickness of 9 μm, coating a heat-shrinkable layer on the corresponding position of the isolating film according to figure 1, wherein the heat-shrinkable layer is made of polyethylene, the heat-shrinkable layer also comprises a binder sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the thickness of the heat-shrinkable layer is 20 μm, and the area of the heat-shrinkable layer is 8mm2The melting temperature of the heat shrinkable layer was 80 ℃.
<1-4. preparation of electrolyte solution >
Mixing non-aqueous organic solvents of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), Propyl Propionate (PP) and Vinylene Carbonate (VC) according to a mass ratio of 20: 30: 20: 28: 2 in an environment with water content less than 10ppm, and then adding lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) to the non-aqueous organic solvent6) Dissolving and mixing uniformly to obtain electrolyte, wherein the LiPF is6The mass ratio of the organic solvent to the non-aqueous organic solvent is 8: 92.
<1-5. preparation of lithium ion Battery >
And (3) stacking the prepared positive pole piece, the prepared isolating membrane and the prepared negative pole piece in sequence to enable the isolating membrane to be positioned between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece to play an isolating role, and winding according to the figure 1 to obtain the electrode assembly. And (3) placing the electrode assembly into a packaging film, dehydrating at 80 ℃, injecting the prepared electrolyte, and performing vacuum packaging, standing, formation, hot-pressing shaping and other processes to obtain the lithium ion battery.
The electrochemical device (2) is provided with a plurality of electrochemical cells,
the electrochemical device 2 was fabricated in the same manner as the electrochemical device 1, except that the carbon black was contained in an amount of 14% by mass, and the resistance value of the resistance layer actually measured was 1.25 Ω.
The electrochemical device (3) is provided with a plurality of electrochemical elements,
the electrochemical device 3 was manufactured in the same manner as the electrochemical device 1 except that the carbon black was 20% by mass and the resistance value of the resistance layer actually measured was 0.85 Ω.
The electrochemical device 4 is provided with a plurality of electrochemical elements,
the electrochemical device 4 was fabricated in the same manner as the electrochemical device 1 except that the thickness of the heat-shrinkable layer was 60 μm and the area of the heat-shrinkable layer was 5mm2The thickness of the resistance layer is 60 μm, and the area of the resistance layer is 5mm2The resistance value of the resistance layer obtained by actual measurement was 1.67 Ω.
The electrochemical device (5) is provided with a plurality of electrochemical devices,
the electrochemical device 5 was fabricated in the same manner as the electrochemical device 1 except that the heat-shrinkable layer had a thickness of 60 μm and the heat-shrinkable layer was fabricatedHas an area of 5mm2The thickness of the resistance layer is 60 μm, and the area of the resistance layer is 5mm2The carbon black content was 14% by mass, and the resistance value of the resistance layer actually measured was 1.43 Ω.
The electrochemical device (6) is provided with a plurality of electrochemical devices,
the electrochemical device 6 was fabricated in the same manner as the electrochemical device 1 except that the heat-shrinkable layer had a thickness of 60 μm and an area of 5mm2The thickness of the resistance layer is 60 μm, and the area of the resistance layer is 5mm2The carbon black was 20% by mass, and the resistance value of the resistance layer obtained by actual measurement was 0.97 Ω.
The electrochemical device (7) is provided with a plurality of electrochemical devices,
the electrochemical device 7 was fabricated in the same manner as the electrochemical device 1 except that the thickness of the heat-shrinkable layer was 100 μm and the area of the heat-shrinkable layer was 2mm2The thickness of the resistance layer is 100 μm, and the area of the resistance layer is 2mm2The resistance value of the resistance layer actually measured was 1.83 Ω.
The electrochemical device (8) is provided with a plurality of electrochemical devices,
the electrochemical device 8 was fabricated in the same manner as the electrochemical device 1 except that the thickness of the heat-shrinkable layer was 100 μm and the area of the heat-shrinkable layer was 2mm2The thickness of the resistive layer is 100 μm and the area of the resistive layer is 2mm2The carbon black content was 14% by mass, and the resistance value of the resistance layer actually measured was 1.58 Ω.
The electrochemical device (9) is provided with a plurality of electrochemical devices,
the electrochemical device 9 was fabricated in the same manner as the electrochemical device 1 except that the thickness of the heat-shrinkable layer was 100 μm and the area of the heat-shrinkable layer was 2mm2The thickness of the resistance layer is 100 μm, and the area of the resistance layer is 2mm2The carbon black was 20% by mass, and the resistance value of the resistance layer actually measured was 1.23 Ω.
The electrochemical device in prior art 1 is:
in the electrochemical device 10, the full-charge voltage of the electrochemical device 10 is 4.45V, and the capacity of the electrochemical device 10 is 5 Ah. Referring to fig. 7, an electrode assembly of the electrochemical device 10 includes a first pole piece 10 ', a separator 20', a second pole piece 30 ', and a tab 50'. The first pole piece 10 ', the separator 20', the second pole piece 30 ', and the tab 50' of the electrochemical device 10 are the same as the first pole piece 10, the separator 20, the second pole piece 30, and the tab 50, respectively, of the present application. However, the electrochemical device 10 does not include a thermal sensing unit.
For each of the 10 electrochemical devices, 10 electrochemical devices were put into a hot box to perform a hot box performance test, the hot box was heated from room temperature to a predetermined temperature, for example, 125 ℃ or 130 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min, the temperature was maintained for 60min, each electrochemical device was observed to see whether it was burned, and no combustion was recognized as pass, and the number of pass tests for each electrochemical device was counted and recorded in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 Heat box Performance test results
From table 1, the heat resistance of the electrochemical device provided in the example of the present application is improved by 5 ℃ over the heat resistance of the electrochemical device 10 of the related art. The resistance values of the resistance layers of the electrochemical device provided in the embodiment of the present application are different, and the combustion condition is different in a 130 ℃ hot box, that is, the resistance values of the resistance layers are different, and the discharge speed of the electrochemical device is different, so that the heat resistance of the electrochemical device is different, therefore, the experimental results in table 1 prove that the resistance layer of the electrochemical device provided in the embodiment of the present application is additionally provided, so that the resistance value of the resistance layer can be adjusted, and the discharge rate of the electrochemical device can be adjusted, so that the heat resistance of the electrochemical device can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the resistance layer.
In the present embodiment, the electrochemical device 200 includes an electrode assembly 100, the electrode assembly 100 includes a first pole piece 10, a separator 20, a second pole piece 30, and a heat sensing unit 40, the polarities of the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 30 are opposite, and the separator 20 is disposed between the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 30. The thermal sensing unit 40 includes at least one thermal contraction layer 401, the thermal contraction layer 401 is disposed on at least one surface of the separator 20, the thermal contraction layer 401 is located between the first pole piece 10 and the separator 20, and/or the thermal contraction layer 401 is located between the second pole piece 30 and the separator 20, and the thermal contraction layer 401 is used for contracting the separator 20 when the temperature of the electrode assembly 100 is greater than a preset threshold value, so as to cause contact discharge between the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 30. After the electrochemical device 200 is fully charged, the electrochemical device continues to be charged, and a large amount of heat is generated inside the electrode assembly 100, so that the heat shrinkage layer 401 shrinks, the separator 20 is driven to shrink, the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 30 are caused to contact and discharge, and the capacity of the electrochemical device is reduced, and the safety of the electrochemical device 200 in an overcharged state is improved. When the thermal sensing unit 40 of the electrode assembly 100 includes at least one resistive layer 402, the resistive layer 402 is disposed between the first electrode piece 10 and the thermal contraction layer 401, and/or the resistive layer 402 is disposed between the second electrode piece 30 and the thermal contraction layer 401, and the contact discharge rate of the first electrode piece 10 and the second electrode piece 30 can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the resistive layer 402, so that the application range of the electrochemical device 200 is wide.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; within the context of the present application, features from the above embodiments or from different embodiments may also be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (13)
1. An electrochemical device comprising an electrode assembly including a first pole piece, a separator and a second pole piece, the first pole piece and the second pole piece being of opposite polarity, the separator being disposed between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, characterized in that the electrode assembly comprises a thermal sensing unit,
the heat sensing unit comprises at least one heat shrinkage layer, the heat shrinkage layer can shrink in the process that the temperature rises from 25 ℃ to 200 ℃, the heat shrinkage layer is arranged on at least one surface of the isolation film, and the heat shrinkage layer is arranged between the first pole piece and the isolation film.
2. The electrochemical device of claim 1, wherein said heat-shrinkable layer is further disposed between said second pole piece and said separator.
3. The electrochemical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermal sensing unit further comprises at least one resistive layer disposed between the first pole piece and the thermal contraction layer.
4. The electrochemical device according to claim 3, wherein said heat-shrinkable layer is further disposed between said second pole piece and said separator, and said resistive layer is further disposed between said second pole piece and said heat-shrinkable layer.
5. The electrochemical device of claim 3, wherein the first pole piece includes a first current collector in contact with the resistive layer.
6. The electrochemical device of claim 4, wherein said second pole piece comprises a second current collector, said second current collector being in contact with said resistive layer.
7. The electrochemical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electrode assembly is in a wound structure, a side of the electrode assembly from which the tabs protrude is a first edge region of the electrode assembly, a side opposite to the side of the electrode assembly from which the tabs protrude is a second edge region of the electrode assembly, and the heat sensing unit is disposed in the first edge region or the second edge region.
8. The electrochemical device of claim 7, wherein the thermal sensing unit is disposed at an outermost circle of the first pole piece with reference to the first pole piece.
9. The electrochemical device of claim 1, wherein the heat-shrinkable layer satisfies at least one of the following characteristics:
(a) the heat-shrinkable layer comprises at least one of polyethylene wax, polyethylene, polypropylene wax, or petrolatum;
(b) the thickness of the heat-shrinkable layer is 20 to 100 μm;
(c) the heat-shrinkable layer has a melting temperature of 60 to 110 ℃.
10. The electrochemical device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the resistive layer satisfies at least one of the following characteristics:
(a) the resistance layer comprises an organic matter and a conductive agent, the organic matter comprises at least one of polyethylene wax, polyethylene, polypropylene wax or vaseline, and the conductive agent comprises at least one of copper particles, aluminum particles, graphite, carbon black or graphene;
(b) the mass percentage of the conductive agent in the resistance layer is 8-20%;
(c) the thickness of the resistance layer is 20 μm to 100 μm.
11. The electrochemical device of claim 1, wherein the area of the heat-shrinkable layer is 0.05mm2To 8mm2。
12. The electrochemical device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the electrochemical device satisfies the following formula:
wherein U represents a full charge voltage of the electrochemical device, Cap represents a capacity of the electrochemical device, and R represents a resistance value of the resistive layer, wherein the full charge voltage is in V, the capacity of the electrochemical device is in Ah, and the resistance value of the resistive layer is in Ω.
13. An electronic device comprising an electrochemical device according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
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