CN114517915B - System and process method for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration with sludge - Google Patents

System and process method for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration with sludge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114517915B
CN114517915B CN202210073753.XA CN202210073753A CN114517915B CN 114517915 B CN114517915 B CN 114517915B CN 202210073753 A CN202210073753 A CN 202210073753A CN 114517915 B CN114517915 B CN 114517915B
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waste
rotary kiln
ceramsite
roller
communicated
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CN114517915A (en
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王争刚
张铭
唐云
汪炎
龚幸
王晓波
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East China Engineering Science and Technology Co Ltd
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East China Engineering Science and Technology Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/003—Methods for mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
    • B28C7/0007—Pretreatment of the ingredients, e.g. by heating, sorting, grading, drying, disintegrating; Preventing generation of dust
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
    • B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
    • B28C7/0422—Weighing predetermined amounts of ingredients, e.g. for consecutive delivery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/12—Sludge, slurries or mixtures of liquids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conservation and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a system and a process method for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration and sludge. Comprises an incineration device, a waste residue treatment device, an exhaust gas treatment device and a ceramic preparation device; the incineration device comprises an incinerator and a secondary combustion chamber; the waste residue treatment device comprises a first roller cooler, a crusher, a mill and a dust remover which are sequentially communicated through a material pipeline; the ceramic manufacturing device comprises an ageing bin, a second double-shaft stirring conveyor, a granulator, a shaping machine, a roller dryer, a presintering rotary kiln, a roasting rotary kiln, a second roller cooler, a lifting machine and a classifying screen; when the system works, waste is burnt in the burning device to generate slag, ash slag, waste smoke and burning heat; the ceramic preparation device utilizes the generated slag, ash and combustion heat to prepare ceramic granules; the internal structural characteristics of the ceramsite are fine honeycomb micropores, and the bulk density of the ceramsite is 500-900kg/m 3. Therefore, the invention burns and combines the sludge to prepare the haydite, has small environmental pollution, low production cost and obvious economic benefit effect.

Description

System and process method for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration with sludge
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conservation and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a system and a process method for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration and sludge.
Background
The rapid development of the human society greatly promotes the progress of modern civilization, but also brings the problem of aggravation of living environment pollution. Human survival and development depend on the environment, which provides various resources for human survival and development, and also accommodates various wastes generated in the human survival and development process. In the development process, the environment of the human is continuously influenced and changed through activities such as life, production and the like.
The bearing capacity of the environment is limited, and human development must be adapted to the environment, otherwise, environmental pollution can continuously compress the living space of human beings, and the development of society is endangered. For environmental pollution, measures must be taken to limit and eliminate the adverse effects, increase and utilize the beneficial effects, and protect the ecological environment. Various wastes generated in the human survival and development processes are recovered and comprehensively utilized by different methods, and a considerable part of the wastes need to be subjected to reduction and harmless treatment by incineration.
However, the secondary waste generated by incineration cannot be effectively disposed and comprehensively utilized, such as fly ash and slag contain a large amount of pollutants, and most of the secondary waste is disposed by adopting a solidification landfill process at present, so that the waste is not effectively utilized as resources. In addition, with the rapid development of industrialization and town, the scale of the production of industrial sludge and municipal sludge is rapidly increased, and the industrial sludge and municipal sludge has become an important environmental problem affecting and restricting the economic and social development. The traditional sludge treatment adopts a post-dewatering landfill process, occupies huge land area and damages the original ecological environment.
Due to the serious environmental pollution and potential ecological impact of waste, safe disposal is necessary. Therefore, a new technical scheme is urgently needed to solve the problems that ash waste and a large amount of industrial and municipal sludge generated by the incineration process are difficult to treat.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background technology, the invention provides a purification and reduction method and a system for acidolysis titanium dioxide solution by a sulfuric acid method, which can reduce the production energy consumption, save the production time, reduce the production cost and reduce the environmental pollution.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
A system for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration with sludge comprises an incineration device, a waste residue treatment device, an exhaust gas treatment device and a ceramic preparation device;
the incinerator comprises an incinerator 1 and a secondary combustion chamber 2, and an outlet of the incinerator 1 is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber 2;
The waste residue treatment device comprises a first roller cooler 11, a crusher 12, a mill 13 and a dust remover 14 which are sequentially communicated through a material pipeline, wherein the arrangement heights of the first roller cooler 11, the crusher 12 and the mill 13 are sequentially reduced; the feed inlet of the first roller cooler 11 is communicated with the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 2, the air inlet of the dust remover 14 is communicated with the discharge outlet 132 of the mill 13, and the bottom discharge outlet is connected with the feed inlet of the weighing conveyor 15;
The waste gas treatment device comprises a waste heat boiler 3, a quenching tower 4, a deacidification tower 5, a bag-type dust remover 14, an induced draft fan 7, a washing tower 8 and a chimney 9 which are sequentially communicated through gas phase pipelines;
The bottom discharge ports of the waste heat boiler 3, the quenching tower 4, the deacidification tower 5 and the bag-type dust remover 6 are respectively communicated with corresponding feed ports of the ash conveyor 16 through pipelines;
the air inlet of the waste heat boiler 3 is communicated with the flue gas outlet at the upper part of the secondary combustion chamber 2 through a pipeline, and the air outlet at the upper part of the dust remover 14 is communicated with the inlet of the induced draft fan 7 through a pipeline;
the ceramic manufacturing device comprises an air heat exchanger 31, a first double-shaft stirring conveyor 20, an ageing bin 21, a second double-shaft stirring conveyor 22, a granulator 23, a shaper 24, a roller dryer 25, a presintering rotary kiln 26, a roasting rotary kiln 27, a roasting rotary kiln 28, a lifter 29 and a classifying screen 30;
the arrangement heights of the first double-shaft stirring conveyor 20, the ageing bin 21, the second double-shaft stirring conveyor 22, the granulator 23, the shaper 24, the roller dryer 25, the presintering rotary kiln 26, the roasting rotary kiln 27 and the roasting rotary kiln 28 are sequentially reduced and are sequentially communicated through material pipelines;
The inlet end of the first double-shaft stirring conveyor 20 is provided with a mixing hopper 201, and the mixing hopper 201 is respectively connected with a discharge port of the weighing conveyor 15, a discharge port of the dehydrated sludge weighing conveyor 17, a discharge port of the additive weighing conveyor 18 and a feed port of the clay weighing conveyor 19 through pipelines;
the discharge port of the roasting rotary kiln 28 is communicated with the inlet of the classifying screen 30 through a lifter 29;
The bottom air inlet of the air heat exchanger 31 is communicated with the air outlet pipeline of the preheating rotary kiln 26, and the top air outlet of the air heat exchanger 31 is respectively communicated with the air inlet of the mill 13 and the air inlet of the roller dryer 25 through pipelines;
The air outlet of the roller cooler is respectively communicated with the air inlet of the incinerator 1 and the air inlet of the presintering rotary kiln 26 through pipelines;
the air inlet of the roasting rotary kiln 27 is communicated with the upper smoke outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 2 through a pipeline;
The first roller cooler 11, the roasting rotary kiln 28, the mill 13 and the air heat exchanger 31 are water cooling devices, and are respectively connected with a cooling water supply pipe and a cooling water return pipe, wherein the first roller cooler 11 and the roasting rotary kiln 28 are respectively communicated with an air inlet B through a blower 10, and the first roller cooler 11 and the roasting rotary kiln 28 are air cooling and water cooling integrated devices;
when the system works, waste is burnt in the burning device to generate slag, ash, waste smoke and burning heat;
the waste flue gas is treated by a waste gas treatment device to obtain purified gas, and the purified gas reaches the post-incineration tail gas emission standard of national hazardous waste incineration disposal;
Adding 12.5% -25% of ash, 7.5% -15% of ash, 30% -50% of sludge, 5% -15% of additive and 10% -15% of clay into a mixing bucket 201 for mixing, wherein combustion heat is introduced into a ceramic preparation device, and ceramic particles are obtained through the ceramic preparation device; the internal structural characteristics of the ceramsite are fine honeycomb micropores, and the bulk density of the ceramsite is 500-900kg/m < 3 >.
Further, an atomizer is disposed in the mixing bucket 201, and the bottom of the washing tower 8 is communicated with the atomizer in the mixing bucket 201 through a valve.
Further, the air outlets of the roasting rotary kiln 27 and the roller dryer 25 are respectively communicated with the middle part of the secondary combustion chamber 2 through pipelines, so that the waste gas of the roasting rotary kiln 27 and the roller dryer 25 returns to the secondary combustion chamber 2.
The process method of the system for preparing the ceramsite by combining waste incineration and sludge comprises the following steps:
Step (1): in the system, circulating cooling water is introduced into a first roller cooler 11, a mill 13 and an air heat exchanger 31 through a cooling water upper water pipe;
Step (2): firstly, a draught fan 7, a blower 10, an incinerator 1 and a bag-type dust remover 6 are started in sequence;
Step (3): sequentially starting a second roller cooler 28, a roasting rotary kiln 27, a presintering rotary kiln 26, a roller dryer 25 and a shaping machine 24, wherein the starting time of adjacent equipment intervals is 1min;
Step (4): finally, starting the granulator 23, the first double-shaft stirring conveyor 20, the second double-shaft stirring conveyor 22, each weighing conveyor 15 and the dust remover 14 in sequence, wherein the starting time of adjacent equipment intervals is 1min;
Step (5): starting the mill 13 and the crusher 12 respectively, wherein the starting time is 2min;
step (6): putting waste into the incinerator 1 and igniting, keeping the temperature in the incinerator 1 at 500-850 ℃ and the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 2 at 1000-1250 ℃; wherein the waste is hazardous waste or general solid waste;
Step (7): after slag obtained by a dust remover 14 in the waste slag treatment device and slag obtained by a slag conveyor 16 in the waste gas treatment device reach 30% -60% of an upper slag hopper, starting the slag conveyor 16, a weighing conveyor 15, a dehydrated sludge weighing conveyor 17, an additive weighing conveyor 18 and a clay weighing conveyor 19, and adding according to the mass ratio of 12.5% -25% of slag, 7.5% -15% of slag, 30% -50% of sludge, 5% -15% of additive and 10% -15% of clay to obtain a mixture;
Wherein the sludge is industrial or municipal sludge, and the additive is one or two of pore-forming agent or foaming agent;
step (8): the mixture is stirred by the first double-shaft stirring conveyor 20 and enters an ageing bin 21, and the ageing time is 15 min-24 h;
Step (9): the granulator 23 is formed into a ball by extrusion granulation, and the ball is shaped by a shaping machine 24 to obtain ceramsite, wherein the particle size range is mainly 15-20mm, and a small amount of ceramsite is 0-15mm, and the ceramsite sequentially enters a roller dryer 25, a presintering rotary kiln 26 and a roasting rotary kiln 27 to obtain high-temperature ceramsite with the temperature of about 1200-1300 ℃;
Wherein the roller dryer 25 is filled with air at 110-150 ℃ for drying, the presintering rotary kiln 26 is filled with air at 300-600 ℃ for presintering treatment, and the high-temperature flue gas temperature is 1000-1250 ℃ in the roasting rotary kiln 27;
Step (10): the high-temperature ceramsite is cooled to 70-120 ℃ by a second roller cooler 28, then is put into a bin in a three-stage finished product with the grain diameter of 0-5 mm, 5-15 mm and 15-20 mm by a classifying screen 30 through a lifter 29, and is gradually and naturally cooled to normal temperature in the conveying, screening and storing processes.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention relates to a system for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration with sludge, which comprises an incineration device, a waste residue treatment device, an exhaust gas treatment device and a ceramic preparation device; the waste is burnt in the burning device to generate waste residue, waste flue gas and burning heat, the waste residue is treated by the waste residue treatment device to obtain ash residues, the waste flue gas is treated by the waste gas treatment device to obtain purified gas and furnace ash, the ceramic making device takes the ash residues and the furnace ash as raw materials, dehydrated sludge, clay and additives are added, washing waste water treated by the flue gas is taken as a ceramsite raw material humidity regulator, meanwhile, the temperature of waste burning and ceramsite roasting in the secondary combustion chamber is close, hot flue gas generated in the secondary combustion chamber of the burning device is introduced into a baking rotary kiln, the heat energy of burning is fully utilized to roast the ceramsite, and waste gas generated after the ceramsite is dried is introduced into the secondary combustion chamber for harmless treatment, so that the cost is reduced, the energy utilization rate is improved, the environment is protected by waste utilization, and the problems that ash residues generated by burning and a large amount of industrial and municipal sludge are difficult to treat are solved;
Therefore, the system for preparing the ceramsite by combining the waste incineration with the sludge has the advantages of being capable of being used for harmless, reduction and recycling treatment of solid waste, high in system integration level, small in occupied area, high in heat efficiency, small in environmental pollution, low in production cost and obvious in economic benefit effect, and the incineration device, the waste residue treatment device, the waste gas treatment device and the ceramic preparation device are organically integrated.
(2) According to the technological method for preparing the ceramsite system by combining waste incineration and sludge, the produced ceramsite contains part of heavy metals in the original slag, and the foaming agent and the pore-forming agent are added in the preparation of the ceramsite raw materials, so that the finished product of the baked ceramsite has the characteristics of low density, high strength and high porosity, can be used for building lightweight aggregate, refractory insulation materials, gardening flower planting, sponge city construction, sewage biological ceramsite filter materials, wetland floating bed construction and the like, and has the advantages of higher added value, wider market demand and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the invention for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration with sludge.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a system for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration with sludge.
Wherein: 1-an incinerator; 2-a secondary combustion chamber; 3-an exhaust-heat boiler; 4-a quenching tower; 5-deacidifying tower; 6-a bag-type dust remover; 7-induced draft fan; 8-a washing tower; 9-chimney; 10-blower; 11-a first drum cooler; 12 a crusher; 13-grinding; 14-a dust remover; 15-a weighing conveyor; 16-ash conveyor; 17 a dewatered sludge weighing conveyor; 18 additive weighing conveyor; 19 clay weighing conveyor; 20-a double-shaft stirring conveyor; 201 a mixing hopper; 21-aging bin; 22-a double-shaft stirring conveyor; a 23-granulator; 24-shaping machine; 25-drum dryer; 26-presintering the rotary kiln; 27-roasting the rotary kiln; 28-a second drum cooler; 29-a lifter; 30-classifying screen; 31-air heat exchanger.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the detailed description is presented by way of example only and is not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
See fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1a waste inlet; b, an air inlet; c, circulating cooling water inlet; d, circulating cooling water return port; e15-20 mm particle size ceramsite discharge hole; f5-15 mm particle size ceramsite discharge port; g0-5 mm particle size ceramsite discharge port; h, a dehydrated sludge feed inlet; i, an additive feed inlet; j clay feed inlet.
A system for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration with sludge comprises an incineration device, a waste residue treatment device, an exhaust gas treatment device and a ceramic preparation device;
the incinerator comprises an incinerator 1 and a secondary combustion chamber 2, and an outlet of the incinerator 1 is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber 2;
The waste residue treatment device comprises a first roller cooler 11, a crusher 12, a mill 13 and a dust remover 14 which are sequentially communicated through a material pipeline, wherein the arrangement heights of the first roller cooler 11, the crusher 12 and the mill 13 are sequentially reduced; the feed inlet of the first roller cooler 11 is communicated with the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 2, the air inlet of the dust remover 14 is communicated with the discharge outlet 132 of the mill 13, and the bottom discharge outlet is connected with the feed inlet of the weighing conveyor 15;
The waste gas treatment device comprises a waste heat boiler 3, a quenching tower 4, a deacidification tower 5, a bag-type dust remover 14, an induced draft fan 7, a washing tower 8 and a chimney 9 which are sequentially communicated through gas phase pipelines;
The bottom discharge ports of the waste heat boiler 3, the quenching tower 4, the deacidification tower 5 and the bag-type dust remover 6 are respectively communicated with corresponding feed ports of the ash conveyor 16 through pipelines;
the air inlet of the waste heat boiler 3 is communicated with the flue gas outlet at the upper part of the secondary combustion chamber 2 through a pipeline, and the air outlet at the upper part of the dust remover 14 is communicated with the inlet of the induced draft fan 7 through a pipeline;
the ceramic manufacturing device comprises an air heat exchanger 31, a first double-shaft stirring conveyor 20, an ageing bin 21, a second double-shaft stirring conveyor 22, a granulator 23, a shaper 24, a roller dryer 25, a presintering rotary kiln 26, a roasting rotary kiln 27, a roasting rotary kiln 28, a lifter 29 and a classifying screen 30;
the arrangement heights of the first double-shaft stirring conveyor 20, the ageing bin 21, the second double-shaft stirring conveyor 22, the granulator 23, the shaper 24, the roller dryer 25, the presintering rotary kiln 26, the roasting rotary kiln 27 and the roasting rotary kiln 28 are sequentially reduced and are sequentially communicated through material pipelines;
The inlet end of the first double-shaft stirring conveyor 20 is provided with a mixing hopper 201, and the mixing hopper 201 is respectively connected with a discharge port of the weighing conveyor 15, a discharge port of the dehydrated sludge weighing conveyor 17, a discharge port of the additive weighing conveyor 18 and a feed port of the clay weighing conveyor 19 through pipelines;
the discharge port of the roasting rotary kiln 28 is communicated with the inlet of the classifying screen 30 through a lifter 29;
The bottom air inlet of the air heat exchanger 31 is communicated with the air outlet pipeline of the preheating rotary kiln 26, and the top air outlet of the air heat exchanger 31 is respectively communicated with the air inlet of the mill 13 and the air inlet of the roller dryer 25 through pipelines;
The air outlet of the roller cooler is respectively communicated with the air inlet of the incinerator 1 and the air inlet of the presintering rotary kiln 26 through pipelines;
the air inlet of the roasting rotary kiln 27 is communicated with the upper smoke outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 2 through a pipeline;
The first roller cooler 11, the roasting rotary kiln 28, the mill 13 and the air heat exchanger 31 are water cooling devices, and are respectively connected with a cooling water supply pipe and a cooling water return pipe, wherein the first roller cooler 11 and the roasting rotary kiln 28 are respectively communicated with an air inlet B through a blower 10, and the first roller cooler 11 and the roasting rotary kiln 28 are air cooling and water cooling integrated devices;
When the system works, waste is burnt in the burning device to generate slag, ash, waste smoke and burning heat; the main components of the discharged slag of the incinerator 1 are burnt and disabled inorganic matters, a small amount of metal and glass, ash comes from dust collected by the waste heat boiler 3, the quenching tower 4 and the bag-type dust collector 6, and the main components are CaCl 2、CaSO4 slag generated by gases such as ash, HCl, SO 2 and the like in sprayed slaked lime, active carbon adsorbed with dioxin, redundant slaked lime and impurities thereof;
the waste flue gas is treated by a waste gas treatment device to obtain purified gas, and the purified gas reaches the post-incineration tail gas emission standard of national hazardous waste incineration disposal;
Adding 12.5% -25% of ash, 7.5% -15% of ash, 30% -50% of sludge, 5% -15% of additive and 10% -15% of clay into a mixing bucket 201 for mixing, wherein combustion heat is introduced into a ceramic preparation device, and ceramic particles are obtained through the ceramic preparation device; the internal structural characteristics of the ceramsite are fine honeycomb micropores, the bulk density of the ceramsite is 500-900kg/m < 3 >, and the main components of the ceramsite are SiO 2、Al2O3、Fe2O3 and the like. The ceramsite has the high-quality characteristics of sufficient raw materials, low cost, less energy consumption, light weight, high strength and the like.
Further, an atomizer is disposed in the mixing bucket 201, and the bottom of the washing tower 8 is communicated with the atomizer in the mixing bucket 201 through a valve.
Further, the air outlets of the roasting rotary kiln 27 and the roller dryer 25 are respectively communicated with the middle part of the secondary combustion chamber 2 through pipelines, so that the waste gas of the roasting rotary kiln 27 and the roller dryer 25 returns to the secondary combustion chamber 2. The roasting rotary kiln 27 is provided with a heating burner, and when the roasting temperature is insufficient, heating is started.
Example 2
According to the technical method of the system for preparing the ceramsite by combining the waste incineration and the sludge, which is disclosed in the embodiment 1, the heat value of the solid and semi-solid waste is 3500-5000% kcal/kg, the heat value of the liquid waste is 2500-5000% kcal/kg, the total treatment scale is 4.2t/h, the dehydrated sludge (solid content is 20%), the water temperature on circulating cooling water is 32 ℃, the return water temperature of the circulating cooling water is 42 ℃, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step (1): in the system, circulating cooling water is introduced into a first roller cooler 11, a mill 13 and an air heat exchanger 31 through cooling water upper pipes;
Step (2): firstly, a draught fan 7, a blower 10, an incinerator 1 and a bag-type dust remover 6 are started in sequence;
Step (3): sequentially starting a second roller cooler 28, a roasting rotary kiln 27, a presintering rotary kiln 26, a roller dryer 25 and a shaping machine 24, wherein the starting time of adjacent equipment intervals is 1min;
Step (4): finally, starting the granulator 23, the first double-shaft stirring conveyor 20, the second double-shaft stirring conveyor 22, each weighing conveyor 15 and the dust remover 14 in sequence, wherein the starting time of adjacent equipment intervals is 1min;
Step (5): starting the mill 13 and the crusher 12 respectively, wherein the starting time is 2min;
Step (6): putting waste into the incinerator 1 and igniting, keeping the temperature in the incinerator 1 at 500-850 ℃ and the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 2 at 1000-1250 ℃; wherein the waste is hazardous waste or general solid waste; the calorific value of the solid and semi-solid waste is 3500-5000% kcal/kg, the calorific value of the liquid waste is 2500-5000% kcal/kg,
Step (7): after slag obtained by a dust remover 14 in the waste slag treatment device and slag obtained by a slag conveyor 16 in the waste gas treatment device reach 30-60% of an upper slag hopper, starting the slag conveyor 16, a weighing conveyor 15, a dehydrated sludge weighing conveyor 17, an additive weighing conveyor 18 and a clay weighing conveyor 19, adding 12.5-25% of slag, 7.5-15% of slag, 30-50% of sludge, 5-15% of additive and 10-15% of clay, wherein the percentages are mass percentages, and obtaining a mixture; wherein the sludge is industrial or municipal sludge, the additive is one or two of pore-forming agent and foaming agent, and the solid content is 20%;
step (8): the mixture is stirred by the first double-shaft stirring conveyor 20 and enters an ageing bin 21, and the ageing time is 15 min-24 h;
step (9): the granulator 23 adopts extrusion granulation to form balls, and the balls are shaped by a shaping machine 24 to obtain ceramsite, wherein the particle size range is mainly 15-20mm, and the particle size range is 0-15mm, and the ceramsite sequentially enters a roller dryer 25, a presintering rotary kiln 26 and a roasting rotary kiln 27 to obtain high-temperature ceramsite with the temperature of about 1250 ℃;
Wherein the roller dryer 25 is filled with air at 110-150 ℃ for drying for 30-60min; the presintering rotary kiln 26 is filled with air at 300-600 ℃ for presintering treatment, and the preheating time is 10-30min; introducing high-temperature flue gas into the roasting rotary kiln 27 at the temperature of 1000-1250 ℃ for 10-30min;
Step (10): the high-temperature ceramsite is cooled to 70-120 ℃ by a second roller cooler 28, then is put into a bin in a three-stage finished product with the grain diameter of 0-5 mm, 5-15 mm and 15-20 mm by a classifying screen 30 through a lifter 29, and is gradually and naturally cooled to normal temperature in the conveying, screening and storing processes.
Therefore, after the treatment of the invention, slag and ash are melted at high temperature to form glass bodies, heavy metals are solidified in the ceramsite, organic matters in the glass bodies are thoroughly decomposed and combusted under the action of high temperature, and the ceramsite is obtained by roasting, and the ceramsite is not solid waste or dangerous waste, but is a general industrial product, and has wide application prospect.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A system for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration with sludge is characterized in that: comprises an incineration device, a waste residue treatment device, an exhaust gas treatment device and a ceramic preparation device;
the incineration device comprises an incinerator (1) and a secondary combustion chamber (2), wherein an outlet of the incinerator (1) is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber (2);
The waste residue treatment device comprises a first roller cooler (11), a crusher (12), a mill (13) and a dust remover (14) which are sequentially communicated through a material pipeline, wherein the arrangement heights of the first roller cooler (11), the crusher (12) and the mill (13) are sequentially reduced; the feeding port of the first roller cooler (11) is communicated with the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber (2), the air inlet of the dust remover (14) is communicated with the discharging port of the mill (13), and the bottom discharging port is connected with the feeding port of the weighing conveyor (15);
the waste gas treatment device comprises a waste heat boiler (3), a quenching tower (4), a deacidification tower (5), a bag-type dust remover (14), an induced draft fan (7), a washing tower (8) and a chimney (9) which are sequentially communicated through gas phase pipelines;
The bottom discharge ports of the waste heat boiler (3), the quenching tower (4), the deacidification tower (5) and the bag-type dust remover (6) are respectively communicated with corresponding feed inlets of the ash conveyor (16) through pipelines;
The air inlet of the waste heat boiler (3) is communicated with the flue gas outlet at the upper part of the secondary combustion chamber (2) through a pipeline, and the air outlet at the upper part of the dust remover (14) is communicated with the inlet of the induced draft fan (7) through a pipeline;
The ceramic manufacturing device comprises an air heat exchanger (31), a first double-shaft stirring conveyor (20), an ageing bin (21), a second double-shaft stirring conveyor (22), a granulator (23), a shaping machine (24), a roller dryer (25), a presintering rotary kiln (26), a roasting rotary kiln (27), a second roller cooler (28), a lifter (29) and a classifying screen (30);
the arrangement heights of the first double-shaft stirring conveyor (20), the ageing bin (21), the second double-shaft stirring conveyor (22), the granulator (23), the shaper (24), the roller dryer (25), the presintering rotary kiln (26), the roasting rotary kiln (27) and the second roller cooler (28) are sequentially reduced and are sequentially communicated through a material pipeline;
The inlet end of the first double-shaft stirring conveyor (20) is provided with a mixing hopper (201), and the mixing hopper (201) is respectively connected with a discharge port of the weighing conveyor (15), a discharge port of the dehydrated sludge weighing conveyor (17), a discharge port of the additive weighing conveyor (18) and a feed port of the clay weighing conveyor (19) through pipelines;
The discharge port of the second roller cooler (28) is communicated with the inlet of the classifying screen (30) through a lifter (29);
The bottom air inlet of the air heat exchanger (31) is communicated with the air outlet pipeline of the presintering rotary kiln (26), and the top air outlet of the air heat exchanger (31) is respectively communicated with the air inlet of the mill (13) and the air inlet of the roller dryer (25) through pipelines;
The air outlet of the first roller cooler (11) is respectively communicated with the air inlet of the incinerator (1) and the air inlet of the presintering rotary kiln (26) through pipelines;
An air inlet of the roasting rotary kiln (27) is communicated with an upper smoke outlet of the secondary combustion chamber (2) through a pipeline;
the first roller cooler (11), the second roller cooler (28), the mill (13) and the air heat exchanger (31) are water cooling equipment, and are respectively connected with a cooling water supply pipe and a cooling water return pipe, wherein the first roller cooler (11) and the second roller cooler (28) are respectively communicated with an air inlet B through a blower (10), and the first roller cooler (11) and the second roller cooler (28) are air cooling and water cooling integrated equipment;
when the system works, waste is burnt in the burning device to generate slag, ash, waste smoke and burning heat;
the waste flue gas is treated by a waste gas treatment device to obtain purified gas, and the purified gas reaches the post-incineration tail gas emission standard of national hazardous waste incineration disposal;
Adding 12.5% -25% of ash, 7.5% -15% of ash, 30% -50% of sludge, 5% -15% of additive and 10% -15% of clay into a mixing bucket (201) for mixing, wherein combustion heat is introduced into a ceramic preparation device, and ceramic particles are obtained through the ceramic preparation device; the internal structural characteristics of the ceramsite are fine honeycomb micropores, and the bulk density of the ceramsite is 500-900kg/m 3.
2. The system for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration with sludge according to claim 1, wherein: an atomization nozzle is arranged in the mixing bucket (201), and the bottom of the washing tower (8) is communicated with the atomization nozzle in the mixing bucket (201) through a valve.
3. The system for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration with sludge according to claim 1, wherein: the air outlets of the roasting rotary kiln (27) and the roller dryer (25) are respectively communicated with the middle part of the secondary combustion chamber (2) through pipelines, so that waste gas of the roasting rotary kiln (27) and the roller dryer (25) returns to the secondary combustion chamber (2).
4. A process method of a system for preparing ceramsite by combining waste incineration with sludge according to any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1): in the system, a first roller cooler (11), a mill (13) and an air heat exchanger (31) are all filled with circulating cooling water through a cooling water supply pipe;
step (2): firstly, a draught fan (7), a blower (10), an incinerator (1) and a bag-type dust remover (6) are sequentially started;
Step (3): sequentially starting a second roller cooler (28), a roasting rotary kiln (27), a presintering rotary kiln (26), a roller dryer (25) and a shaping machine (24), wherein the starting time of adjacent equipment intervals is 1min;
Step (4): finally, sequentially starting a granulator (23), a first double-shaft stirring conveyor (20), a second double-shaft stirring conveyor (22), each weighing conveyor (15) and a dust remover (14), wherein the starting time of adjacent equipment is 1min;
Step (5): starting the mill (13) and the crusher (12) respectively, wherein the starting time is 2min;
step (6): waste is put into the incinerator (1) and ignited, the temperature in the incinerator (1) is kept at 500-850 ℃, and the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber (2) is kept at 1000-1250 ℃; wherein the waste is hazardous waste or general solid waste;
Step (7): after slag obtained by a dust remover (14) in the waste slag treatment device and slag obtained by a slag conveyor (16) in the waste gas treatment device reach 30% -60% of an upper slag hopper, starting the slag conveyor (16), a weighing conveyor (15), a dehydrated sludge weighing conveyor (17), an additive weighing conveyor (18) and a clay weighing conveyor (19), and adding the slag, the slag and the clay in a mass ratio of 12.5% -25%, 7.5% -15% of slag, 30% -50% of sludge, 5% -15% of additive and 10% -15% of clay to obtain a mixture;
Wherein the sludge is industrial or municipal sludge, and the additive is one or two of pore-forming agent or foaming agent;
step (8): the mixture is stirred by a first double-shaft stirring conveyor (20) and enters an ageing bin (21), and the ageing time is 15 min-24 h;
step (9): the granulator (23) adopts extrusion granulation to form balls, and the balls are shaped by a shaping machine (24) to obtain ceramsite, wherein the particle size range is mainly 15-20mm, and a small amount of ceramsite is 0-15mm, and the ceramsite sequentially enters a roller dryer (25), a presintering rotary kiln (26) and a roasting rotary kiln (27) to obtain high-temperature ceramsite with the temperature of 1200-1300 ℃;
Wherein the roller dryer (25) is filled with air at 110-150 ℃ for drying, the presintering rotary kiln (26) is filled with air at 300-600 ℃ for presintering treatment, and the high-temperature flue gas is filled into the roasting rotary kiln (27) at 1000-1250 ℃;
Step (10): the high-temperature ceramsite is cooled to 70-120 ℃ by a second roller cooler (28), then is put into a bin by a lifter (29) in a three-stage finished product with the grain diameter of 0-5 mm, 5-15 mm and 15-20 mm in a classifying screen (30), and is gradually and naturally cooled to normal temperature in the conveying, screening and storing processes.
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