CN114517267A - Impact-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Impact-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses an impact-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and a manufacturing method thereof, and mainly relates to the field of aluminum alloys. The components of the material by weight percentage are as follows: zinc: 5.5-8.5%, magnesium: 1.5-2.5%, copper: 1 to 1.5%, yttrium: 0.2-0.8%, zirconium: 0.2-0.5% and the balance of aluminum. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the alloy has a plurality of uniformly distributed second phases, uniform and fine microstructures, weaker basal plane texture, high strength and high plasticity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an impact-resistant aluminum alloy and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Along with the speed up of the lightweight step of the automobile, the application of aluminum alloy products on the automobile is more and more. The production of the automobile aluminum alloy radiator is well accepted.
Attention is paid to the industry. The selection of the radiator material needs to be comprehensively compared and selected from the aspects of heat conductivity coefficient, material cost, specific gravity, different processing performance requirements and the like, the heat conductivity coefficient of aluminum is not high as that of graphite, silver, copper and gold, but the comprehensive comparison from the aspects of cost, specific gravity, processing performance and the like is a better selection at the present stage. Different aluminum-based radiators have different requirements on comprehensive mechanical properties, so that various aluminum alloys capable of achieving the comprehensive mechanical properties become preferred aluminum-based radiator materials, and 6063, 1070, 1050 and other aluminum alloys guarantee the requirements of different radiators on the comprehensive mechanical properties, have the heat conduction effect closest to pure aluminum and good processing performance, so that the aluminum alloys become mainstream choices of the aluminum-based radiator materials. At present, few research reports about the forming process of the automobile aluminum alloy radiator are reported, and extrusion forming is a common forming process method for the automobile aluminum alloy radiator
The aluminum alloy serving as a current lighter structural material has the advantages of low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good damping and shock absorption, excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, easiness in recovery and the like, and has important application in the fields of aerospace, automobiles and 3C. The mechanical properties of aluminum alloys are much lower than steel materials, limiting their application to many industrial devices and products. In order to expand the application range and field of the aluminum alloy, research and research work is carried out on the existing aluminum alloy in a large quantity, and although many research and research works carry out many modifications on the existing aluminum alloy, the applicability is not ideal. The addition of a small amount of rare earth elements can obviously refine grains of an aluminum alloy casting structure, but the aluminum alloy casting structure contains more structure defects such as: shrinkage porosity, shrinkage porosity and inclusions, resulting in poor mechanical properties. Compared with cast aluminum alloy, the deformed aluminum alloy after extrusion, forging and rolling has more compact and uniform structure; and the addition of a small amount of rare earth elements can promote dynamic recrystallization and activate non-basal plane slippage in the thermal deformation process, so that the grain size is refined, the basal plane texture is weakened, and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy is improved. Although the mechanical property of the existing high-content rare earth aluminum alloy can be improved, the technical process for simultaneously improving the strength and the plasticity of the alloy is not common.
In order to improve the strength of aluminum alloys, it is common in the industry to select alloying elements to obtain high strength aluminum alloys by adding large amounts of rare earth elements. The high-strength aluminum alloy adopts rare earth elements with higher content, the rare earth elements are high in cost, the cost of the aluminum alloy is greatly increased, the specific gravity is high, the advantage of light weight of the aluminum alloy cannot be fully exerted, and the requirement of large-scale industrial production cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an impact-resistant aluminum alloy and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the alloy has a plurality of uniformly distributed second phases, uniform and fine microstructures, weak basal plane textures, high strength and high plasticity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an impact-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zinc: 5.5-8.5%, magnesium: 1.5-2.5%, copper: 1 to 1.5%, yttrium: 0.2-0.8%, zirconium: 0.2-0.5% and the balance of aluminum.
Further, the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
step (1), smelting and casting: heating and melting an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace, adding preheated pure Zn, Mg, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Y intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy at 680-690 ℃, heating to 715 ℃, preserving heat for 30 minutes, casting and air cooling to obtain an alloy ingot;
step (2) step solid solution: carrying out stepped solid solution treatment on the alloy ingot in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the heat treatment temperature of the first stage is 430-480 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 1-3 hours; the temperature of the second stage is increased to 470-490 ℃, the heat treatment time is 10-13 hours, and the second stage is taken out and rapidly cooled to room temperature by water;
step (3), hot extrusion: preheating the alloy ingot obtained by the step (2) at 410-425 ℃ for 2-3 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion; the extrusion temperature is 420-450 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 6:1, the extrusion speed is 1.5-2.5 m/min, and the extruded sheet is cooled to room temperature in air to obtain the composite material.
Further, in the step (1), before casting, blowing, stirring and deslagging the completely melted alloy melt.
Further, the aluminum alloy obtained after extrusion is in a plate structure.
Meanwhile, the method for producing the aluminum alloy described above is also another aspect of the present invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
a high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth content aluminum alloy material with simple and reliable process and easy popularization and application and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy prepared by the method has the advantages that the nano-scale and micron-scale second phases and relatively fine grain sizes are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy structure, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is obviously improved, and the aluminum alloy material has high strength and high plasticity. The method mainly has the following advantages:
(1) excellent mechanical properties: the multiple second phases and the uniform and fine microstructures are uniformly distributed in the alloy, so that the alloy has high strength (655MPa) and high plasticity (9 percent) simultaneously.
(2) Low cost of raw materials: by using the non-rare earth element alloy to replace the high-content rare earth element alloy, the production cost is greatly reduced.
(3) The simple preparation method comprises the following steps: the traditional extrusion process is adopted for one-time extrusion, so that a complex processing flow is omitted, and the extrusion die has the characteristics of simple and reliable preparation, easiness in popularization, strong usability and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure photograph of the high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth aluminum alloy material according to example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth aluminum alloy material in embodiment 1 of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure photograph of the high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth aluminum alloy material according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth aluminum alloy material of embodiment 2 of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a microstructure photograph of the high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth aluminum alloy material according to example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth aluminum alloy material of embodiment 3 of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a microstructure photograph of the high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth aluminum alloy material according to example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth aluminum alloy material of embodiment 4 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.
The instruments, reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are conventional instruments, reagents, materials and the like in the prior art and are commercially available in a normal manner unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods, detection methods, and the like described in the following examples are conventional experimental methods, detection methods, and the like in the prior art.
Example 1
The high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth content aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 5.5%, Mg: 1.5%, Cu: 1%, Y: 0.2%, Zr: 0.2 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting: firstly, heating and melting an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace; after the alloy is completely melted, adding preheated pure Zn, Mg, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Y intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy at 690 ℃; and after the alloy melt is completely melted, blowing, stirring and deslagging, then raising the temperature to 715 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, casting the alloy melt into a grinding tool, and then cooling in the air to obtain an alloy ingot.
(2) Step solid solution: and (3) carrying out step solid solution treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) in a heat treatment furnace. The heat treatment temperature of the first stage is 450 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 3 hours; and the temperature of the second stage is increased to 470 ℃, the heat treatment time is 12 hours, and the second stage is taken out and then is rapidly cooled to the room temperature by water.
(3) Hot extrusion: preheating the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by the step (2) at 420 ℃ for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion; the extrusion temperature is 420 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 6:1, the extrusion speed is 1.5m/min, and the extruded plate is cooled to the room temperature by air.
The microstructure photo of the high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth content aluminum alloy obtained by the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, the scanning electron microscope photo is shown in fig. 2, and the room-temperature tensile mechanical property is as follows through tests: tensile strength is 648 MPa; elongation at break 9.1%.
Example 2
The high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth content aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 6.5%, Mg: 2%, Cu: 1.5%, Y: 0.3%, Zr: 0.2 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting: firstly, heating and melting an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace; after the alloy is completely melted, adding preheated pure Zn, Mg, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Y intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy at 690 ℃; and after the alloy melt is completely melted, blowing, stirring and deslagging, then raising the temperature to 715 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, casting the alloy melt into a grinding tool, and then cooling in the air to obtain the alloy ingot.
(2) Step solid solution: and (3) carrying out step solid solution treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) in a heat treatment furnace. The heat treatment temperature of the first stage is 430 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 3 hours; and the temperature of the second stage is increased to 480 ℃, the heat treatment time is 11 hours, and the second stage is taken out and then is rapidly cooled to the room temperature by water.
(3) Hot extrusion: preheating the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by the step (3) at 425 ℃ for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion; the extrusion temperature was 430 ℃, the extrusion ratio was 6:1, the extrusion rate was 1.75m/min, and the extruded sheet was air-cooled to room temperature.
The microstructure photo of the high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth content aluminum alloy obtained by the embodiment is shown in fig. 3, the scanning electron microscope photo is shown in fig. 4, and the room-temperature tensile mechanical property is as follows through tests: the tensile strength is 650 MPa; elongation at break 9.2%.
Example 3
The high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth content aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 7.5%, Mg: 2.5%, Cu: 1.5%, Y: 0.6%, Zr: 0.3 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting: firstly, heating and melting an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace; firstly, heating and melting an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace; after the alloy is completely melted, adding preheated pure Zn, Mg, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Y intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy at 685 ℃; and after the alloy melt is completely melted, blowing, stirring and deslagging, then raising the temperature to 715 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, casting the alloy melt into a grinding tool, and then cooling in the air to obtain the alloy ingot.
(2) Step solid solution: and (3) carrying out step solid solution treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) in a heat treatment furnace. The heat treatment temperature of the first stage is 480 ℃ and the heat treatment time is 1 hour; the temperature of the second stage is increased to 490 ℃, the heat treatment time is 10 hours, and the second stage is taken out and rapidly cooled to the room temperature by water.
(3) Hot extrusion: preheating the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by the step (2) at 420 ℃ for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion; the extrusion temperature is 440 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 6:1, the extrusion speed is 2m/min, and the extruded plate is cooled to the room temperature by air.
The microstructure photo of the high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth content aluminum alloy obtained by the embodiment is shown in fig. 5, the scanning electron microscope photo is shown in fig. 6, and the room temperature mechanical properties are as follows: tensile strength 655 MPa; elongation at break 9.8%.
Example 4
The high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth content aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 8.5%, Mg: 2.5%, Cu: 1.5%, Y: 0.8%, Zr: 0.5 percent, and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting: firstly, heating and melting an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace; firstly, heating and melting an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace; after the alloy is completely melted, adding preheated pure Zn, Mg, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Y intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy at 685 ℃; and after the alloy melt is completely melted, blowing, stirring and deslagging, then raising the temperature to 715 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, casting the alloy melt into a grinding tool, and then cooling in the air to obtain the alloy ingot.
(2) Step solid solution: and (3) carrying out step solid solution treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) in a heat treatment furnace. The heat treatment temperature of the first stage is 440 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 1 hour; the temperature of the second stage is increased to 490 ℃, the heat treatment time is 13 hours, and the second stage is taken out and rapidly cooled to the room temperature by water.
(3) Hot extrusion: preheating the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by the step (2) at 410 ℃ for 3 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion; the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 6:1, the extrusion speed is 2.5m/min, and the extruded plate is cooled to the room temperature by air.
The microstructure photo of the high-performance impact-resistant low-rare earth content aluminum alloy obtained by the embodiment is shown in fig. 7, the scanning electron microscope photo is shown in fig. 8, and the room-temperature tensile mechanical property is as follows: the tensile strength is 635 MPa; elongation at break 10.4%.
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys obtained in specific examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of the aluminum alloys
| Alloy (I) | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Tensile strength | 648 | 650 | 655 | 635 |
| Yield strength | 521 | 515 | 535 | 534 |
| Elongation percentage | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 10.4 |
Claims (7)
1. The impact-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: zinc: 5.5-8.5%, magnesium: 1.5-2.5%, copper: 1 to 1.5%, yttrium: 0.2-0.8%, zirconium: 0.2-0.5% and the balance of aluminum.
2. An impact-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method of manufacturing the impact-resistant aluminum alloy comprises:
step (1), smelting and casting: heating and melting an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace, adding preheated pure Zn, Mg, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Y intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy at 680-690 ℃, heating to 715 ℃, preserving heat for 30 minutes, casting and air cooling to obtain an alloy ingot;
step (2) step solid solution: carrying out step solid solution treatment on the alloy ingot in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the heat treatment temperature of the first stage is 430-480 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 1-3 hours; the temperature of the second stage is increased to 470-490 ℃, the heat treatment time is 10-13 hours, and the second stage is taken out and rapidly cooled to room temperature by water;
step (3), hot extrusion: preheating the alloy ingot obtained by the step (2) at 410-425 ℃ for 2-3 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion; the extrusion temperature is 420-450 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 6:1, the extrusion speed is 1.5-2.5 m/min, and the extruded sheet is cooled to room temperature in air to obtain the composite material.
3. The impact-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) further comprises blowing, stirring and deslagging the completely melted alloy melt before casting.
4. An impact-resistant aluminum alloy as recited by claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy obtained after extrusion has a plate structure.
5. A method of making an impact resistant aluminum alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
step (1), smelting and casting: heating and melting an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace, adding preheated pure Zn, Mg, Al-Cu intermediate alloy, Al-Y intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy at 680-690 ℃, heating to 715 ℃, preserving heat for 30 minutes, casting and air cooling to obtain an alloy ingot;
step (2) step solid solution: carrying out step solid solution treatment on the alloy ingot in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the heat treatment temperature of the first stage is 430-480 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 1-3 hours; the temperature of the second stage is increased to 470-490 ℃, the heat treatment time is 10-13 hours, and the second stage is taken out and rapidly cooled to room temperature by water;
step (3), hot extrusion: preheating the alloy ingot obtained by the step (2) at 410-425 ℃ for 2-3 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion; the extrusion temperature is 420-450 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 6:1, the extrusion speed is 1.5-2.5 m/min, and the extruded sheet is cooled to room temperature in air to obtain the composite material.
6. The method for manufacturing an impact-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 5, wherein the step (1) further comprises blowing, stirring and deslagging the completely melted alloy melt before casting.
7. A method for manufacturing an impact-resistant aluminum alloy as recited in claim 5, wherein the aluminum alloy obtained after the extrusion is of a plate structure.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115216674A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-21 | 上海交通大学 | 7000 series aluminum alloy sheet for automobile and preparation method thereof |
| CN115233054A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-25 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Impact-resistant aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115233054A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-25 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Impact-resistant aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115216674A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-21 | 上海交通大学 | 7000 series aluminum alloy sheet for automobile and preparation method thereof |
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