CN114513825B - Heterogeneous network switching method and device and electronic equipment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a switching method, a switching device and electronic equipment of a heterogeneous network, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a maximum downlink data rate obtainable from each second type network in case the target terminal satisfies a network handover condition; determining the blocking probability of each second type network; determining a throughput corresponding to a second type of network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability; and determining a second type target network to be switched by the target terminal based on the throughput of each second type network, thereby realizing the perception of the target terminal on the quantity of successfully transmitted data of each second type network in unit time, helping each target terminal to select a network with low time delay and high reliability, and further providing better service quality for multiple users.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of internet technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for switching a heterogeneous network, and an electronic device.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless network technology, a network architecture in which many different types of mobile networks coexist to meet different service requirements appears, and such a network formed by the convergence of multiple mobile networks is called a heterogeneous network.
The heterogeneous networks are widely applied to industrial scenes, in which an industrial terminal frequently performs handover between the heterogeneous networks, and the handover between the heterogeneous networks causes problems of service discontinuity and unreliable communication.
In the prior art, a deep reinforcement learning method is usually adopted to realize the handover between heterogeneous networks, but the deep reinforcement learning method takes a network as a center, only considers the Quality of Service (QoS) or Quality of Experience (QoE) obtained by a single user, and does not consider the competition behavior between users, so that better Quality of Service cannot be provided for multiple users.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a switching method and device of a heterogeneous network and electronic equipment.
The invention provides a switching method of a heterogeneous network, wherein the heterogeneous network comprises at least one first type network and at least one second type network; the target terminal is currently in the network of the first type network; the method comprises the following steps:
determining a maximum downlink data rate obtainable from each second type network in case the target terminal satisfies a network handover condition;
Determining the blocking probability of each second type network;
determining a throughput corresponding to a second type of network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability;
and determining a second type target network to be switched of the target terminal based on the throughput of each second type network.
According to a handover method of a heterogeneous network provided by the present invention, before determining a maximum downlink data rate obtainable from each second type network when the target terminal satisfies a network handover condition, the method further includes:
determining a first signal to interference plus noise ratio, SINR, received from each of the first type networks and a second SINR received from each of the second type networks;
determining that the target terminal satisfies the network handover condition when it is determined that the sum of the first SINR and the first offset value is less than the second SINR and the sum of the first SINR and the second offset value is less than the second SINR;
the first offset value is an offset value corresponding to a network handover preparation condition, and the second offset value is an offset value corresponding to a network handover execution condition.
According to a handover method of a heterogeneous network provided by the present invention, the determining a maximum downlink data rate obtainable from each second type network includes:
Determining available network bandwidth from each second type of network;
determining an equivalent SINR when accessing a second type network from a first type network based on the first SINR and the second SINR;
determining the maximum downlink data rate achievable from each second type of network based on the equivalent SINR and the network bandwidth.
According to a handover method of a heterogeneous network provided by the present invention, the determining the maximum downlink data rate obtainable from each second type network based on the equivalent SINR and the network bandwidth includes:
determining the maximum downlink data rate available from each second type network based on equation (1);
wherein,
representing a target terminal
From a second type network
The maximum achievable downlink data rate is,
representing a target terminal
From a second type network
The available bandwidth of the network is used,
representing a target terminal
Accessing a second type network from a first type network
The equivalent SINR at time.
According to the handover method of the heterogeneous network provided by the present invention, the determining the blocking probability of each second type network includes:
determining a blocking probability of each candidate network based on formula (2);
wherein,
representing a second type of network 
The probability of blocking of (a) is,
representing a target terminal
Selecting a second type of network
The probability of (a) of (b) being,
，
representing a target terminal
With networks of the second type
The available relationship of (a) to (b),
which indicates the number of terminals that are to be connected,
indicating a destination terminal
Other terminals than the one selecting the second type of network
The probability of (a) of (b) being,
，
representing a second type of network
Can access to a second type network
The number of terminals of (a) is,
indicating a destination terminal
Other than to be accessed to the second type network
The number of terminals of the mobile communication terminal,
，
representing a second type of network
Determining a probability of being a second type of target network;
，
representing a second type of network
The total bandwidth of the network (c) is,
representing a second type of network
The number of currently served terminals.
According to the method for switching the heterogeneous network provided by the invention, the determining the throughput corresponding to the second type of network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability comprises the following steps:
carrying out normalization processing on the maximum downlink data rate to obtain a normalization value of the maximum downlink data rate;
and determining the throughput of the corresponding second type network based on the normalization value of the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability.
According to the switching method of the heterogeneous network provided by the invention, the throughput corresponding to the second type network is determined based on the normalization value of the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability, and the method comprises the following steps:
Determining a throughput for the second type of network based on equation (3);
wherein,
representing a target terminal
Selecting access to a second type of network
From the second type of network
The throughput of the acquisition is increased as a result,
representing a target terminal
Selecting access to a second type of network
，
Representing a target terminal
Unselected access to second type network
，
A normalized value representing the maximum downlink data rate.
According to the method for switching the heterogeneous network provided by the invention, the second type target network to be switched of the target terminal is determined based on the throughput of each second type network, and the method comprises the following steps:
constructing a target optimization problem based on a formula (4);
solving the target optimization problem to obtain a second type network with the maximum throughput;
determining the second type network with the maximum throughput as the second type target network;
wherein,
representing the objective optimization problem.
The invention also provides a switching device of the heterogeneous network, wherein the heterogeneous network comprises at least one first type network and at least one second type network; the target terminal is currently in the network of the first type network; the method comprises the following steps:
a first determining unit, configured to determine a maximum downlink data rate that can be obtained from each second type network, if the target terminal satisfies a network handover condition;
A second determining unit, configured to determine a blocking probability of each second type network;
a third determining unit, configured to determine throughput corresponding to a second type of network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability;
and the fourth determining unit is used for determining the second type target network to be switched of the target terminal based on the throughput of each second type network.
The invention also provides an electronic device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to realize the switching method of the heterogeneous network.
The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a handover method for a heterogeneous network as in any one of the above.
The present invention also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program, which when executed by a processor, implements a method for handover of a heterogeneous network as described in any one of the above.
According to the switching method, the switching device and the electronic equipment of the heterogeneous network, the throughput obtained based on the maximum downlink data rate provided by the second type network and the blocking probability of each second type network is considered, so that the perception of the target terminal on the quantity of successfully transmitted data of each second type network in unit time is realized, each target terminal is helped to select a low-delay and high-reliability network, and better service quality is provided for multiple users.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a handover method for a heterogeneous network according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second flowchart illustrating a handover method of a heterogeneous network according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system model provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a handover apparatus of a heterogeneous network according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The execution subject of the present invention may be a terminal device.
The handover method of the heterogeneous network of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
The invention firstly constructs an industrial scene system model which conforms to the international standard of the third Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) in a heterogeneous network in which a 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) and a WIreless Fidelity (Wifi) are simultaneously accessed. The 5G heterogeneous network adopts macro and micro heterogeneous and various wireless access modes to carry out ultra-dense networking architecture so as to realize high data transmission rate and further solve the problems of increased demand of the mobile terminal and high demand of network traffic.
As one of typical application scenarios of 5G, Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication services (URLLC) are mainly applied to vertical industries such as factory automation and industrial internet, and 3GPP has proposed key requirements for mobility, delay and reliability. The 3GPP defines the target of the mobility interruption time as 0 millisecond (ms), and in order to meet the index of 0ms interruption delay in the URLLC service handover process, promotes the service awareness of industrial users in the mobile process, and requires reliable network selection and seamless network connection.
The quantity of the successfully transmitted data in the unit time, namely the throughput of the network, is easily perceived by the user, and therefore the user is helped to select to switch to a reliable network. Therefore, the invention comprehensively considers the maximum downlink data rate of the network and the throughput obtained by the blocking probability to help the user network to select the network.
Fig. 1 is one of flow diagrams illustrating a handover method of a heterogeneous network including at least one first type network and at least one second type network according to the present invention; the target terminal is currently in the network of the first type network; as shown in fig. 1, the method for switching a heterogeneous network includes the following steps:
Specifically, the target terminal is currently in the first type network, and when the target terminal needs to switch to the second type network and meets the network switching condition, it is first necessary to determine the maximum downlink data rate obtained from each connectable second type network.
And 102, determining the blocking probability of each second type network.
Specifically, in a scenario of a large number of terminals, when a target terminal needs to be switched to a second type network, not only the maximum downlink data rate that can be obtained from each second type network needs to be considered, but also network selection behaviors of other terminals need to be inferred, so as to estimate the blocking probability of each available second type network to the target terminal. That is, the target terminal needs to consider the maximum downlink data rate available for each second-type network and the blocking probability of each second-type network together to better select the available second-type network.
And 103, determining the throughput corresponding to the second type network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability.
Specifically, after determining the maximum downlink data rate obtainable from each second type network and the blocking probability of each second type network, the present invention determines the throughput of each corresponding second type network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability. And the throughput of the network indicates the amount of data successfully transferred by the network per unit time, which can be perceived by the user.
And step 104, determining a second type target network to be switched by the target terminal based on the throughput of each second type network.
Specifically, the larger the throughput of the second type network is, the larger the amount of successfully transmitted data in a unit time is, and correspondingly, the lower the data delay is, the higher the reliability of the network is, so that the target terminal can select to switch to the second type network with the largest throughput.
According to the heterogeneous network switching method provided by the invention, the throughput obtained based on the maximum downlink data rate which can be provided by the second type network and the blocking probability of each second type network is considered in the switching judgment of the heterogeneous network based on the equivalent SINR, so that the perception of the target terminal on the quantity of successfully transmitted data of each second type network in unit time is realized, each target terminal is helped to select a low-delay and high-reliability network, and better service quality is provided for multiple users.
Optionally, fig. 2 is a second flowchart of a handover method of a heterogeneous network provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, before performing step 101, the method further includes the following steps:
And 106, determining that the target terminal meets the network switching condition under the condition that the sum of the first SINR and the first offset value is smaller than the second SINR and the sum of the first SINR and the second offset value is smaller than the second SINR.
The first deviation value is a deviation value corresponding to a network handover preparation condition, the second deviation value is a deviation value corresponding to a network handover execution condition, and the first deviation value is smaller than the second deviation value.
When the network switching is executed, according to the equivalent Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) as a trigger condition, the corresponding second type network can be added into the available base station set after the sum of the first SINR and the first offset value is smaller than the second SINR, and the switching can be executed after the sum of the first SINR and the second offset value is further smaller than the second SINR.
Specifically, before the target terminal performs network handover, the target terminal needs to satisfy a certain network handover condition, that is, after a difference between the first SINR and the second SINR is greater than the first offset value and greater than the second offset value, the target terminal may perform network handover selection.
The heterogeneous network switching method provided by the invention can be used for judging that the target terminal can be selected for network switching when meeting the network switching condition based on the values of the first SINR received from the first type network and the second SINR received from each second type network, thereby ensuring the service continuity of the target terminal and reducing the time delay.
Optionally, the determining a maximum downlink data rate available from each second type network comprises:
determining available network bandwidth from each second type of network;
determining an equivalent SINR when accessing a second type network from a first type network based on the first SINR and the second SINR;
determining the maximum downlink data rate achievable from each second type of network based on the equivalent SINR and the network bandwidth.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, in the system model, a group of two-layer candidate access networks is randomly deployed based on a Homogeneous Poisson Point Process (HPPP), and it is assumed that the system includes a Homogeneous Poisson Point Process (HPPP)
A Wifi Access Point (AP) and
a 5G Base Station (BS), wherein HPPP deployment of the AP
A density of
(ii) a HPPP deployment of BS
A density of
。
An AP and
the available network set composed of BSs is represented as
. Mobile terminal (UE) by density
And HPPP deployment distribution
An AP and
within the area covered by each BS. On one hand, the invention assumes that each base station and terminal uses directional beamforming to utilize array gain, and a specific terminal is connected to only one base station, and on the other hand, in the communication process between the terminal and the base station, the corresponding relation of the antenna directions is established to obtain the maximum gain.
Suppose that
A Wifi access point and
the coverage of 5G base stations is shared
A terminal for each target terminal
By means of an adjacency matrix
And correlation matrix
Respectively establish a terminal and
a network (
) The available relationship and the connection relationship are represented by formula (5), and the connection relationship is represented by formula (6); based on the equivalent SINR switching conditions, the terminals are classified into two categories, namely, switched terminals and non-switched terminals, as shown in equation (7):
wherein,
wherein,
wherein each target terminal
The lower bound for acceptable network data rates is
Target terminal
From a second type network
Available network bandwidth is
. In a serving cell
The upper limit of the terminals capable of providing services in the coverage area is
For each second type network
Since there is a limit to the number of terminals to be accommodated, there is a limit to the number of terminals connectable within the coverage thereof, as shown in equation (8):
wherein,
，
representing a target terminal
With networks of the second type
The available relationship of (a) to (b),
representing a target terminal
With networks of the second type
The connection relationship of (1).
Wherein the second type network is available to the target terminal
The common information of (a) includes: second type network 
Requiring access to a second type of network within coverage
Number of terminals
A second type network, as shown in equation (9)
Number of currently served terminals
As shown in equation (10), and the remaining network bandwidth
As shown in formula (11):
in addition, each target terminal
At most one network is connected at the same time, therefore, the following limitations exist in the network connection relationship, as shown in formula (12):
wherein,
。
specifically, the target terminal
From
A Wifi and
the SINR received by the 5G network is represented by equation (13):
wherein,
the received power through the channel response for the respective network system,
is the sum of the interference signals of the Wifi network,
is the sum of the interference signals of the 5G network,
is noise.
If switching is performed between different systems, the equivalent SINR can be calculated in consideration of achieving the same maximum downlink data rate. The equivalent SINR enables the terminal to effectively sense and measure the performance of different networks, and the triggering time of network switching is judged more accurately. The specific calculation method of the equivalent SINR is shown in formula (14) and formula (15):
wherein,
for the equivalent SINR value of Wifi network calculated with reference to 5G network, 
The equivalent SINR value of the 5G network calculated for the Wifi network reference,
is the SINR value in a 5G network,
for the SINR value in the Wifi network,
carrier band corresponding to Wifi networkThe width of the paper is wide,
for the carrier bandwidth corresponding to the 5G network,
the difference value between the signal-to-noise ratio threshold of the uncoded high-order Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Modulation corresponding to the Wifi network and the corresponding shannon limit.
And subtracting coding gain for the difference between the signal-to-noise ratio threshold of the uncoded high-order QAM modulation adopted by the 5G network and the corresponding Shannon limit.
Therefore, at time t, when network switching is triggered, the target terminal
From the currently connected first type network
Switching to a second type network
The received equivalent SINR value is shown in equation (16):
wherein,
is a target terminal
The first type of network that is currently connected,
is of a first typeNetwork
The bandwidth of the corresponding carrier wave is,
for networks of the second type
Corresponding carrier bandwidth
For networks of the second type calculated on the basis of the k-network
The equivalent SINR value of (a) is,
as a first type network
The value of the SINR at the lower level,
and subtracting coding gain from the difference between the signal-to-noise ratio threshold of the uncoded high-order quadrature amplitude modulation QAM corresponding to the Wifi network and the corresponding Shannon limit or the difference between the signal-to-noise ratio threshold of the uncoded high-order QAM adopted by the 5G network and the corresponding Shannon limit. If an inter-frequency handover occurs, 
Is likewise unaffected.
Optionally, the determining the maximum downlink data rate acquirable from each second type network based on the equivalent SINR and the network bandwidth includes:
determining the maximum downlink data rate available from each second type network based on equation (1);
wherein,
representing a target terminal
From a second type network
The maximum achievable downlink data rate is,
representing a target terminal
From a second type network
The available bandwidth of the network is used,
representing a target terminal
Accessing a second type network from a first type network
The equivalent SINR at time.
The heterogeneous network switching method provided by the invention can determine the maximum downlink data rate obtainable from each second type network based on the equivalent SINR and the network bandwidth, and can provide reference for the target terminal to select the switching network, so that the target terminal can select the second type network with high reliability and low time delay to perform switching.
Optionally, the determining the blocking probability of each second type network includes:
determining a blocking probability of each candidate network based on formula (2);
wherein,
representing a second type of network
The probability of blocking of (a) is,
representing a target terminal
Selecting a second type of network 
The probability of (a) of (b) being,
，
representing a target terminal
With networks of the second type
The available relationship of (a) to (b),
which indicates the number of terminals that are to be connected,
indicating a destination terminal
Other terminals than the one selecting the second type of network
The probability of (a) of (b) being,
，
representing a second type of network
Can access to a second type network
The number of terminals of (a) is,
indicating a destination terminal
Other than to be accessed to the second type network
The number of terminals of the mobile communication terminal,
，
representing a second type of network
Determining a probability of being a second type of target network;
，
representing a second type of network
The total bandwidth of the network (c) is,
representing a second type of network
The number of currently served terminals.
The heterogeneous network switching method provided by the invention determines the blocking probability of each second type network based on the probability that other terminals except the target terminal select the second type network and the probability that the target terminal selects the second type network, and can also provide reference for each target terminal to select the switching network so that the target terminal can select the second type network with high reliability and low time delay to switch.
Optionally, the determining the throughput of the second type network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability includes:
Normalizing the maximum downlink data rate to obtain a normalized value of the maximum downlink data rate;
and determining the throughput of the corresponding second type network based on the normalization value of the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability.
Specifically, the following formula (17) is used to calculate the normalized value of the maximum downlink data rate of the second type network:
wherein,
representing a second type of network
The normalized value of the maximum downlink data rate of,
representing a target terminal
Maximum value of the historical data rate.
And then based on the second type network
The normalized value of the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability determine the throughput corresponding to the second type of network.
Optionally, determining the throughput corresponding to the second type of network based on the normalized value of the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability includes:
determining a throughput for the second type of network based on equation (3);
wherein,
representing a target terminal
Selecting access to a second type of network
From the second type of network
The throughput of the acquisition is increased as a result,
representing a target terminal
Selecting access to a second type of network
，
Representing a target terminal
Unselected access to second type network 
，
A normalized value representing the maximum downlink data rate.
The heterogeneous network switching method provided by the invention determines the throughput of the second type network based on the maximum downlink data rate which can be provided by the second type network and the blocking probability of each second type network, thereby realizing the perception of the quantity of successfully transmitted data of each second type network in unit time by a target terminal, helping each target terminal to select a network with low time delay and high reliability, and further providing better service quality for multiple users.
Optionally, the determining a second type target network to be switched by the target terminal based on the throughput of each second type network includes:
constructing a target optimization problem based on a formula (4);
solving the target optimization problem to obtain a second type network with the maximum throughput;
determining the second type network with the maximum throughput as the second type target network;
wherein,
representing the objective optimization problem.
From the above, according to the formula
The throughput of each second type network can be determined, and the second type network with the maximum throughput value needs to be determined to ensure that the target terminal is switched to the second type network with high reliability and low time delay.
The invention converts the problem of network selection into the problem of solving the maximum value of throughput by constructing a target optimization problem, and a Multi-Agent Deep learning (MADDPG) algorithm is adopted to solve the maximum value of the throughput, the algorithm takes the number of terminals which need to be accessed to each second type network in the coverage range of each second type network, the network bandwidth of a target terminal acquired from each second type network, the number of terminals currently served by each second type network and the number of times of network switching in a comprehensive consideration network system, which are acquired from the environment, as variable values in a state-action function, and setting corresponding rewards, and repeatedly calculating the values of the state-action functions corresponding to different environment variables, wherein the reward value corresponding to the state-action function reaching the convergence condition is the maximum value of the throughput.
Specifically, the decision variables for network selection can be established as a multi-objective problem, as shown in equation (18):
s.t.：
wherein,
for solving the normalized maximum value of the maximum downlink data rate in each second type network,
for solving for a minimum value of blocking probability in each second type network, 
Base stations that are adjusted for meeting handover preparation for the set of available networks:
and is and
for networks of the second type
Belonging to and target terminal
The network formats of the currently connected first type networks are different from one another.
And converting the original multi-objective optimization problem into a maximization problem. Wherein the second type network is at the target terminal
And the second type network satisfies the handover condition, equation (20) may ensure that the second type network is selected from among the available networks
Satisfy target terminal
The lower bound on the data rate is
. When the target terminal
When a new network needs to be selected, it will calculate the achievable data rates of the available networks. Target terminal
The network selection behavior of other terminals must be inferred to estimate their blocking probability for each available network. Target terminal
And selecting the available network by comprehensively considering the normalized maximum downlink data rate and the throughput obtained by the blocking probability.
Since the normalized throughput calculation involves both attributes of the handover terminal decision variable, use is made of
Instead of the former
And
reasonably, as shown in equation (4):
wherein,
is the original multi-objective optimization problem
And
the pareto solution of (a) is specifically demonstrated as follows:
Multiple targets are combined by multiple equivalent transformations and a weighted sum
And
is converted into
。
To pair
And
taking the weight as 1, linear weighted summation is performed using the following equation (23):
based on the formula (3) and the formula (4), the following formula (24) is obtained:
due to logarithmic function
In order to increase monotonically, the logarithms are taken simultaneously for the formula (23) and the formula (24), and the following formula (25) and formula (26) are obtained:
based on the formula (25) and the formula (26), the formula (27) is obtained
When the target terminal
In that
Time of day selection for a second type of network
，
. Hypothetical network
Not the original multi-objective optimization problem
And
pareto solution of (a), then there is at least one network
The following conditions are satisfied:
wherein, in the first case: network
At the holding target
Under the condition of (1), the goal is optimized
Then, the following formula (28) can be obtained:
in the second case: network
At the holding target
Under the condition of (1), the goal is optimized
Then, the following formula (29) can be obtained:
in the third case: network
Optimizing targets simultaneously
And
then, the following formula (30) can be obtained:
by comprehensively considering the above three situations, a network can be obtained
Not the problem of maximization
And this is in contrast to the previously assumed network
Is the maximization problem 
The optimal solutions of (a) and (b) are contradictory. Therefore, the number of the first and second electrodes is increased,
must be the original multiple target: (
And
) A pareto optimal solution to the optimization problem.
The method adopts the multi-agent deep reinforcement learning MADDPG algorithm to solve the formula (4), and the algorithm can learn by utilizing the strategies of other agents, so that the function approximation of each agent to the strategies of other agents is realized. The algorithm allows network public information such as available network bandwidth resources, the number of currently-served terminals, the number of terminals needing to be accessed to the second type network in a coverage range and the like contained in each second type network to be used as global information for learning, and each intelligent agent uses local network state information for decision making when in application.
Multi-agent reinforcement learning has three key elements, which are state, action, and reward functions. The invention takes the terminal as an Agent to determine the network selected to be accessed when the Agent switches the heterogeneous network.
Wherein, the state specifically is:
is as follows
The observed state variable of each agent and the observed state vector of the multiple agents are
And N is the number of agents. First, the
The individual agent observes the state as
=
Wherein
，
Wherein a represents the number of Wifi networks, b represents the number of 5G networks, 
Represents the network bandwidth acquired by the target terminal from each Wifi network,
indicating the number of terminals within the coverage of each Wifi network that need to access each Wifi network,
indicating the number of terminals currently served by each Wifi network,
indicating the network bandwidth that the target terminal acquires from each 5G network,
indicating the number of terminals within the coverage area of each 5G network that need to access each Wifi network,
indicating the number of terminals currently served by each 5G network.
Wherein, the action specifically is: with movement of terminal and its handover selection
Each agent will change the adjacency matrix
And a correlation matrix
These matrices will also form the action space of the agent.
Wherein, the reward specifically is: total distance of terminal movementIs composed of
The number of times of switching per unit length is
The calculation of the throughput,
. The influence of the switching on the data transmission rate and the switching times is considered. Performing handover join penalty factors
. The training reward is designed as the following formula (31):
wherein,
indicating a handover.
The algorithm flow is as follows: the judging part of each intelligent agent can acquire the action information of all the other intelligent agents to carry out centralized training and distributed execution, and the flow of the vertical switching algorithm of the heterogeneous wireless network based on the MADDPG provided by the invention is as follows:
The algorithm is as follows: MAPDG heterogeneous wireless network vertical handover algorithm (N agents) with terminal as center:
from iteration number 1 to M
Initializing action random procedures
Receiving agent observation vectors
From 1 to maximum training round length execution
For each agent i
If it is not
Target network
Joining candidate base stations
Computing
If it is not
It is set to the switching user that,
=1
selecting an action based on a current policy
HO number plus one
Performing an action
To obtain a reward
And new state
End up
End up
It is set to a non-handover user,
=0
obtaining rewards
And new state
Building memory storage
Status update
End the cycle
Performing on agents i through N
From
Sampling
Computing
Minimization
Updating critical network
Actor network gradient update
End the cycle
Updating network parameters for each agent
End the cycle
End the cycle
The following describes a handover apparatus for a heterogeneous network provided by the present invention, and the handover apparatus for a heterogeneous network described below and the handover method for a heterogeneous network described above may be referred to correspondingly.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a handover apparatus of a heterogeneous network provided by the present invention, the heterogeneous network including at least one first type network and at least one second type network; the target terminal is currently in the network of the first type network; as shown in fig. 4, the handover apparatus of the heterogeneous network includes a first determining unit 401, a second determining unit 402, a third determining unit 403, and a fourth determining unit 404; wherein:
A first determining unit 401, configured to determine a maximum downlink data rate available from each second type network if the target terminal satisfies a network handover condition;
a second determining unit 402, configured to determine a blocking probability of each second type network;
a third determining unit 403, configured to determine throughput of a corresponding second type network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability;
a fourth determining unit 404, configured to determine, based on the throughput of each second-type network, a second-type target network to be switched by the target terminal.
The switching device of the heterogeneous network considers the throughput obtained based on the maximum downlink data rate which can be provided by the second type network and the blocking probability of each second type network, thereby realizing the perception of the number of successfully transmitted data of each second type network in unit time by the target terminal, helping each target terminal to select a network with low time delay and high reliability, and further providing better service quality for multiple users.
Based on any of the above embodiments, the handover apparatus for a heterogeneous network further includes:
determining a first signal to interference plus noise ratio, SINR, received from each first type network and a second SINR received from each second type network;
Determining that the target terminal satisfies the network handover condition when it is determined that the sum of the first SINR and the first offset value is less than the second SINR and the sum of the first SINR and the second offset value is less than the second SINR;
the first offset value is an offset value corresponding to a network handover preparation condition, and the second offset value is an offset value corresponding to a network handover execution condition.
Based on any of the above embodiments, the first determining unit 401 is specifically configured to:
determining available network bandwidth from each second type of network;
determining an equivalent SINR when accessing a second type network from a first type network based on the first SINR and the second SINR;
determining the maximum downlink data rate achievable from each second type of network based on the equivalent SINR and the network bandwidth.
Based on any of the above embodiments, the first determining unit 401 is specifically configured to:
determining the maximum downlink data rate available from each second type network based on equation (1);
wherein,
representing a target terminal
From a second type network
The maximum achievable downlink data rate is,
representing a target terminal
From a second type network 
The available bandwidth of the network is used,
representing a target terminal
Accessing a second type network from a first type network
The equivalent SINR at time.
Based on any of the above embodiments, the first determining unit 402 is specifically configured to:
determining a blocking probability of each candidate network based on formula (2);
wherein,
representing a second type of network
The probability of blocking of (a) is,
representing a target terminal
Selecting a second type of network
The probability of (a) of (b) being,
，
representing a target terminal
With networks of the second type
The available relationship of (a) to (b),
which indicates the number of terminals that are to be connected,
indicating a destination terminal
Other terminals than the one selecting the second type of network
The probability of (a) of (b) being,
，
representing a second type of network
Can access to a second type network
The number of terminals of (a) is,
indicating a destination terminal
Other than to be accessed to the second type network
The number of terminals of the mobile communication terminal,
，
representing a second type of network
Determining a probability of being a second type of target network;
，
representing a second type of network
The total bandwidth of the network (c) is,
representing a second type of network
The number of currently served terminals.
Based on any of the above embodiments, the first determining unit 403 is specifically configured to:
carrying out normalization processing on the maximum downlink data rate to obtain a normalization value of the maximum downlink data rate;
And determining the throughput of the corresponding second type network based on the normalization value of the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability.
Based on any of the above embodiments, the first determining unit 403 is specifically configured to:
determining a throughput for the second type of network based on equation (3);
wherein,
representing a target terminal
Selecting access to a second type of network
From the second type of network
The throughput of the acquisition is increased as a result,
representing a target terminal
Selecting access to a second type of network
，
Representing a target terminal
Unselected access to the second classA network of nodes
，
A normalized value representing the maximum downlink data rate.
Based on any of the above embodiments, the fourth determining unit 404 is specifically configured to:
constructing a target optimization problem based on a formula (4);
solving the target optimization problem to obtain a second type network with the maximum throughput;
determining the second type network with the maximum throughput as the second type target network;
wherein,
representing the objective optimization problem.
Fig. 5 illustrates a physical structure diagram of an electronic device, which may include, as shown in fig. 5: a processor (processor)510, a communication Interface (Communications Interface)520, a memory (memory)530 and a communication bus 540, wherein the processor 510, the communication Interface 520 and the memory 530 communicate with each other via the communication bus 540. Processor 510 may invoke logic instructions in memory 530 to perform a method of handover of a heterogeneous network, the method comprising: determining a maximum downlink data rate obtainable from each second type network in case the target terminal satisfies a network handover condition;
Determining the blocking probability of each second type network;
determining a throughput corresponding to a second type of network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability;
and determining the second type target network to be switched of the target terminal based on the throughput of each second type network.
Furthermore, the logic instructions in the memory 530 may be implemented in the form of software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the software functional units are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product, where the computer program product includes a computer program, the computer program can be stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, a computer can execute the method for switching a heterogeneous network provided by the above methods, where the method includes: determining a maximum downlink data rate obtainable from each second type network in case the target terminal satisfies a network handover condition;
determining the blocking probability of each second type network;
determining a throughput corresponding to a second type of network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability;
and determining the second type target network to be switched of the target terminal based on the throughput of each second type network.
In yet another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, the computer program being implemented by a processor to perform the handover method for a heterogeneous network provided by the above methods, the method including: determining a maximum downlink data rate obtainable from each second type network in case the target terminal satisfies a network handover condition;
Determining the blocking probability of each second type network;
determining a throughput corresponding to a second type of network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability;
and determining the second type target network to be switched of the target terminal based on the throughput of each second type network.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A handover method of a heterogeneous network, wherein the heterogeneous network includes at least one first type network and at least one second type network; the target terminal is currently in the network of the first type network; the method comprises the following steps:
determining a maximum downlink data rate obtainable from each second type network in case the target terminal satisfies a network handover condition;
determining the blocking probability of each second type network;
determining a throughput corresponding to a second type of network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability;
determining a second type target network to be switched of the target terminal based on the throughput of each second type network;
The determining the blocking probability of each second type network includes:
determining a blocking probability of each second type network based on formula (2);
wherein,
representing a second type of network
The probability of blocking of (a) is,
representing a target terminal
Selecting a second type of network
The probability of (a) of (b) being,
，
representing a target terminal
With networks of the second type
The available relationship of (a) to (b),
which indicates the number of terminals that are to be connected,
indicating a destination terminal
Other terminals than the one selecting the second type of network
The probability of (a) of (b) being,
，
representing a second type of network
Is covered byIn-fence access to a second type network
The number of terminals of (a) is,
indicating a destination terminal
Other than to be accessed to the second type network
The number of terminals of the mobile communication terminal,
，
representing a second type of network
Determining a probability of being a second type of target network;
，
representing a second type of network
The total bandwidth of the network (c) is,
representing a second type of network
The number of currently served terminals.
2. The handover method of a heterogeneous network according to claim 1, wherein before determining the maximum downlink data rate obtainable from each second type network in case that the target terminal satisfies the network handover condition, the method further comprises:
determining a first signal to interference plus noise ratio, SINR, received from each first type network and a second SINR received from each second type network;
Determining that the target terminal satisfies the network handover condition when it is determined that the sum of the first SINR and the first offset value is less than the second SINR and the sum of the first SINR and the second offset value is less than the second SINR;
the first deviation value is a deviation value corresponding to a network handover preparation condition, the second deviation value is a deviation value corresponding to a network handover execution condition, and the first deviation value is smaller than the second deviation value.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a maximum downlink data rate available from each second type of network comprises:
determining available network bandwidth from each second type of network;
determining an equivalent SINR when the second type network is accessed from the first type network based on the first SINR and the second SINR;
determining the maximum downlink data rate achievable from each second type of network based on the equivalent SINR and the network bandwidth.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the determining the maximum downlink data rate available from each second type network based on the equivalent SINR and the network bandwidth comprises:
Determining the maximum downlink data rate available from each second type network based on equation (1);
wherein,
representing a target terminal
From a second type network
The maximum achievable downlink data rate is,
representing a target terminal
From a second type network
The available bandwidth of the network is used,
representing a target terminal
Accessing a second type network from a first type network
The equivalent SINR at time.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the throughput for the second type of network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability comprises:
carrying out normalization processing on the maximum downlink data rate to obtain a normalization value of the maximum downlink data rate;
and determining the throughput of the corresponding second type network based on the normalization value of the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the throughput of the second type of network based on the normalized value of the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability comprises:
determining a throughput for the second type of network based on equation (3);
Wherein,
representing a target terminal
Selecting access to a second type of network
From the second type of network
The throughput of the acquisition is increased as a result,
representing a target terminal
Selecting access to a second type of network
，
Representing a target terminal
Unselected access to second type network
，
A normalized value representing the maximum downlink data rate.
7. The method for switching between heterogeneous networks according to claim 1, wherein the determining the second type target network to be switched by the target terminal based on the throughput of each second type network comprises:
constructing a target optimization problem based on a formula (4);
solving the target optimization problem to obtain a second type network with the maximum throughput;
determining a second type network with the maximum throughput as the second type target network;
wherein,
representing the objective optimization problem.
8. A handover apparatus of a heterogeneous network, wherein the heterogeneous network includes at least one first type network and at least one second type network; the target terminal is currently in the network of the first type network; the method comprises the following steps:
a first determining unit, configured to determine a maximum downlink data rate that can be obtained from each second type network, if the target terminal satisfies a network handover condition;
A second determining unit, configured to determine a blocking probability of each second type network;
a third determining unit, configured to determine throughput of a corresponding second type network based on the maximum downlink data rate and the blocking probability;
a fourth determining unit, configured to determine, based on the throughput of each second type network, a second type target network to be switched by the target terminal;
the second determining unit is specifically configured to:
determining a blocking probability of each second type network based on formula (2);
wherein,
representing a second type of network
The probability of blocking of (a) is,
representing a target terminal
Selecting a second type of network
The probability of (a) of (b) being,
，
representing a target terminal
With networks of the second type
The available relationship of (a) to (b),
which indicates the number of terminals that are to be connected,
indicating a destination terminal
Other terminals than the one selecting the second type of network
The probability of (a) of (b) being,
，
representing a second type of network
Can access to a second type network
The number of terminals of (a) is,
indicating a destination terminal
Other than to be accessed to the second type network
The number of terminals of the mobile communication terminal,
，
representing a second type of network
Determining a probability of being a second type of target network;
，
representing a second type of network
The total bandwidth of the network (c) is,
representing a second type of network 
The number of currently served terminals.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the handover method for the heterogeneous network according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the program.
10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements a handover method for a heterogeneous network according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| EP1998583A1 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-03 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Handover method |
| CN102572982A (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2012-07-11 | 同济大学 | Multi-attribute handover decision method for heterogeneous vehicle communication network |
| CN103152795A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-06-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Heterogeneous network access control method based on multi-objective optimization |
| CN104066138A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-09-24 | 南京邮电大学 | Group switching method based on service priority in blocking rate constraint |
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| CN112788688B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-05-06 | 中南大学 | Vertical switching method, device, equipment and storage medium between heterogeneous networks |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP1998583A1 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-03 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Handover method |
| CN102572982A (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2012-07-11 | 同济大学 | Multi-attribute handover decision method for heterogeneous vehicle communication network |
| CN103152795A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-06-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Heterogeneous network access control method based on multi-objective optimization |
| CN104066138A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-09-24 | 南京邮电大学 | Group switching method based on service priority in blocking rate constraint |
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