CN114513131A - Compensation system suitable for problem of early turn-off of secondary rectifier tube of converter - Google Patents
Compensation system suitable for problem of early turn-off of secondary rectifier tube of converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN114513131A CN114513131A CN202210037895.0A CN202210037895A CN114513131A CN 114513131 A CN114513131 A CN 114513131A CN 202210037895 A CN202210037895 A CN 202210037895A CN 114513131 A CN114513131 A CN 114513131A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a compensation system suitable for the problem of early turn-off of a secondary rectifier tube of a converter, which comprises the secondary rectifier tube, a compensation network and a synchronous rectification controller, wherein the compensation network is connected with the secondary rectifier tube; the input end of the compensation network is connected with the drain-source electrode of the secondary rectifier tube in parallel, and the output end of the compensation network is used as the input of the synchronous rectification controller. The compensation network includes a resistor, a capacitor, and two diodes. The invention effectively solves the problem of early turn-off of the secondary rectifier tube caused by packaging parasitic inductance of the secondary rectifier tube by adding the compensation network, the system is simple to realize, the problem of early turn-off of the secondary rectifier tube can be effectively solved, and the efficiency of the converter is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of converters, and particularly relates to a compensation system suitable for the problem of early turn-off of a secondary rectifier tube of a double-clamp zero-voltage switching converter.
Background
The double-clamping zero-voltage switch converter is an isolated DC/DC circuit topology, and is widely applied to the power supply fields of communication, military industry and the like due to the characteristics of simple structure, high efficiency, primary and secondary side isolation, wide input and output range and the like. Such as the double clamped zero voltage switching converter shown in fig. 1. For an isolated double-clamp zero-voltage switching converter, when the output current is small, a secondary rectifier tube Q of the converter5Diodes can be used for rectification; however, when the output current is large, if the diode is still used for rectification, serious conduction loss is brought, and at the moment, the secondary rectifier tube Q5Output rectification using MOSFET-like switching devices is required.
Secondary side rectifier tube Q5Control signal S of5Can be generated by a primary side and transmitted to a secondary side through isolation to control a secondary side rectifier tube Q5Wherein the isolated transfer may be implemented by an isolation transformer or an isolation chip. Because the circuit is introduced with an isolation transformer or an isolation chip for signal transmission, the power density of the converter is not favorably improved. Therefore, in order to increase the power density of the converter, the secondary rectifier Q is usually detected5To generate its control signal S5. The specific working mode is as follows: sampling secondary side rectifier tube Q5And comparing the drain-source voltage with the turn-on threshold and the turn-off threshold, and when the secondary rectifier tube Q5Is less than onSecondary side rectifier Q at threshold5Opening; when the secondary side rectifier tube Q5When the drain-source voltage is greater than the turn-off threshold value, the secondary rectifier tube Q5And (6) turning off.
However, in practical application, the secondary rectifier Q5The parasitic inductance of the package can cause the secondary rectifier Q5The sampling signal of the drain-source voltage not only comprises the secondary current flowing through the secondary rectifier tube Q5The on-resistance of the package also includes an inductive voltage component generated by the parasitic inductance of the package. When the secondary side current change rate is large, the amplitude of the inductive voltage component is large. And since the phase of the inductive voltage component leads the resistive voltage component, it will cause the secondary rectifier Q5The converter is turned off early when its current has not dropped to zero, at which time current will flow through its body diode, increasing losses and reducing converter efficiency. To solve the problem of a secondary rectifier tube Q5In the problem of early turn-off, the secondary rectifier Q5Devices with larger on-resistances may be selected, but larger on-resistances increase conduction losses and reduce the efficiency of the converter, particularly in applications where the converter output current is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a compensation system suitable for the problem of early turn-off of a secondary rectifier tube of a double-clamp zero-voltage switching converter.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a compensation system for early converter secondary rectifier turn-off problems, the system comprising: a secondary rectifier tube, a compensation network and a synchronous rectification controller; the input end of the compensation network is connected with the drain-source electrode of the secondary rectifier tube in parallel, and the output end of the compensation network is used as the input of the synchronous rectification controller; the synchronous rectification controller compares the output end of the compensation network with an internal set threshold value to give a control signal S of the secondary rectifier tube5Controlling the on and off of the secondary rectifier tube;
the compensation network comprises a compensation capacitor, a compensation resistor, a first diode and a second diode, wherein the compensation capacitor is connected with the compensation resistor in series, the first diode is connected with the compensation resistor in parallel, the second diode is connected with the compensation capacitor in parallel, the anode of the first diode is connected with the anode of the second diode, and the cathode of the second diode is grounded.
And the common ends of the second diode and the compensation capacitor and the common ends of the first diode and the compensation resistor are used as input ends of the compensation network, and two ends of the second diode are used as output ends of the compensation network.
Furthermore, the packaging parasitic inductance of the secondary rectifier tube is considered, and when the secondary rectifier tube is conducted, the secondary rectifier tube and the diode connected in parallel with the secondary rectifier tube are equivalent to the packaging parasitic inductance and the channel resistance which are connected in series; the compensation capacitor and the compensation resistor satisfy the following conditions:
Rds(on)RcCc＝Ls。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1) the compensation network structure is relatively simple.
2) The compensation network greatly reduces the amplitude of the input signal of the synchronous rectification controller and expands the application range of the synchronous rectification controller.
3) The compensation network can solve the problem of early turn-off of the secondary rectifier tube, and meanwhile, turn-on delay cannot be introduced.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a dual-clamped zero-voltage switching converter.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a secondary side main circuit topology and a control mode.
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of the operation of the secondary current and voltage and the driving voltage of the switching tube.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a secondary main circuit topology with parasitic inductance and a control method.
FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the secondary side switch tube when it is turned on.
Fig. 6 is a comparison graph of waveforms with parasitic inductance of 0 and 2nH, where (a) is a waveform with parasitic inductance of 0 and (b) is a waveform with parasitic inductance of 2 nH.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a secondary main circuit topology and a control method for compensating for parasitic inductance in a secondary switch tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a secondary main circuit topology of the compensation system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a timing diagram illustrating operation of compensation control according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a waveform diagram of an experiment of compensation control according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a secondary main circuit topology of a compensation system after a diode is replaced by a switching tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad application.
It should be noted that, if the description of "first", "second", etc. is provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is only for descriptive purposes and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a secondary main circuit topology and control method adopted by the embodiment of the invention, wherein a synchronous rectification controller samples a secondary rectifier Q5The voltage across the terminals is compared with an internally set threshold to give a secondary rectifier Q5Control signal S of5Controlling the secondary rectifier Q5On and off.
FIG. 3 shows the present embodimentIn the case of a secondary rectifier Q5Secondary side current i ofsSecondary side rectifier tube Q5Drain-source voltage vdsSecondary rectifier Q5Control signal S5Working waveform diagram. The specific working mode is as follows: at Q5Before turn-on, secondary side current isWill flow through Q5In this case Q5The drain-source voltage of the transistor is negative and has a value equal to the voltage drop V of the body diodeF. Due to vds＝-VF<Vth1In which V isth1The turn-on threshold value of the synchronous rectification controller is usually set to be-0.3 to-0.1V, and the synchronous rectification controller outputs high level Q after certain turn-on delay5On, current from Q5The body diode commutates to Q5The channel of (a); as the secondary current magnitude decreases, vdsGradually increase when vds>Vth2When the synchronous rectification controller outputs low level after certain turn-off delay, the Q is closed5In which V isth2For the turn-off threshold of the synchronous rectification controller, V is usually setth2Approximately equals 0, and under ideal condition, when the secondary side current is reduced to zero, the secondary side rectifier tube Q5And closing.
In actual hardware circuit, the secondary rectifier tube Q5The package parasitic inductor, the secondary rectifier tube Q5There is an early turn-off phenomenon, which is more serious the higher the switching frequency of the converter is. At this time, the secondary side current isHas not yet been reduced to zero, Q5Control signal S of5Having been turned off in advance, the secondary current is rectified from the secondary rectifier Q5The current flows through the body diode(s) to generate large conduction loss, which reduces the efficiency of the converter.
FIG. 4 shows a rectifier tube Q with secondary side taken into account5The equivalent circuit diagram after packaging the parasitic inductance. When the secondary side rectifier tube Q5When turned on, FIG. 4 may be further equated to FIG. 5, where Rds(on)Secondary side rectifier tube Q5The voltage drop generated by the secondary side current on the channel resistance is vRThe voltage drop of the secondary side current on the parasitic inductance is vL. Secondary rectifier Q at this time5The drain-source voltages of: v. ofds＝vL-vR。
When the secondary side current isWhile reducing, in-package parasitic inductance LsVoltage v induced at both endsLThe direction is up-negative-down-positive, the same as the direction shown in FIG. 5, vLIs such that the secondary side current isLess than zero vdsEarly attainment of a turn-off threshold voltage Vth2Therefore, Q is turned off in advance5. FIG. 6 is a graph showing a comparison of waveforms with parasitic inductances of 0 and 2nH, and FIG. 6(b) is compared with v in FIG. 6(a)dsThe turn-off threshold V is reached in advanceth2Cause S5The signal is turned off early.
The embodiment of the invention provides a secondary side rectifying tube Q5The problem compensation system is switched off in advance. By adding a compensation network, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, wherein the input of the compensation network and the secondary rectifier Q5The drain-source electrodes of the compensation network are connected in parallel, and the output end of the compensation network is used as the input of the synchronous rectification controller. The compensation network specifically comprises a compensation capacitor CcCompensating resistor RcDiode DRAnd a diode Dc. Wherein, the compensation capacitor CcAnd a compensation resistor RcSeries, diode DRAnd a compensation resistor RcParallel connected, diode DcAnd a compensation capacitor CcAnd (4) connecting in parallel.
Compensation capacitor CcAnd a compensation resistor RcThe requirements are as follows:
Rds(on)RcCc＝Ls
to ensure the output voltage v of the compensation networkcomAnd secondary side rectifier tube Q5On-resistance R ofds(on)The voltages on are equal.
Diode DcAnd a compensation capacitor CcParallel connection of clamp compensation capacitor CcThe voltage of (c). Diode DRAnd a compensation resistor RcIn parallel connection for supplying a compensating capacitor CcProviding a path for rapid discharge.
Fig. 9 is a timing diagram of the operation of the compensation network according to the present embodiment, which is specifically as follows: at t0Moment, primary side first switch tube Q1And a fourth switching tube Q4Is conducted, the voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is VinSecondary side rectifier tube Q5Has a drain-source voltage of Vin/k+voWhere k is the primary and secondary turn ratio of the transformer, and diode DcConducting and compensating capacitor CcVoltage of, i.e. vcomIs clamped to VFIn which V isFIs a diode drop, while the diode DRWithstand back pressure and cut off the resistance RcUpper withstand voltage is Vin/k+vo-VF。t1Moment, primary side first switch tube Q1And a fourth switching tube Q4Turn-off, secondary side rectifier Q5The drain-source voltage of the capacitor C is decreased to compensate the capacitor CcThrough diode DRThe rapid discharge avoids introducing turn-on delay when falling to its turn-on threshold Vth1Time secondary rectifier Q5And (4) opening. With secondary side current isSecondary side rectifier tube Q5Of the drain-source voltage vdsIf the secondary rectifier tube Q is used, the parasitic inductance of the package can be rapidly reduced5The drain-source voltage is directly sent to the synchronous rectification controller to cause the secondary side rectification tube Q5Early turn off of (2), as S in FIG. 95’As shown. Adding the proposed compensation network, the output voltage v of the compensation networkcomEqual secondary side rectifier tube Q5Voltage across the on-resistance, following secondary current isDecrease in linear decrease. t is t2At the moment, the output voltage v of the compensation networkcomRaising to the turn-off threshold Vth2，Q5And (6) turning off.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, a hardware circuit added with a compensation network is built for testing, wherein a secondary rectifier tube Q5The package parasitic inductance of (2 nH) and the maximum switching frequency of the converter is about 600 kHz. Fig. 10 shows waveforms for the converter at full load of the nominal input voltage. From the figure, it can be seen that: 1) secondary side rectifier tube Q5Control signal and primary side third switch tube Q3Have substantially the same control signal, and a secondary rectifier Q5The method has no early turn-off phenomenon and is verifiedEffectiveness; 2) v. ofcomThe highest voltage is clamped at about 0.7V, so that the amplitude of an input signal of the synchronous rectification controller is greatly reduced, and the application range of the synchronous rectification controller is expanded; 3) v. ofcomLower potential matching diode DRThe fast discharge avoids introducing turn-on delay.
Of value note that the diode D in the compensation network proposed by the inventioncAnd DRThe switch tube can be replaced by a switch tube wholly or partially, as shown in fig. 11, the specific principle is the same as that described above, and the detailed description is omitted here.
In conclusion, the invention effectively solves the problem that the secondary rectifier tube is turned off in advance due to the parasitic inductance of the secondary rectifier tube package by adding the compensation network, and has the following advantages: the structure of the compensation network is simpler; the compensation network greatly reduces the amplitude of the input signal of the synchronous rectification controller and expands the application range of the synchronous rectification controller; the compensation network can solve the problem of early turn-off of the secondary rectifier tube, and meanwhile, turn-on delay cannot be introduced.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. A compensation system for early converter secondary turn-off problems, the system comprising: secondary rectifier (Q)5) The synchronous rectification controller is connected with the compensation network; input terminal of the compensation network and secondary rectifier (Q)5) The drain-source electrodes of the compensation network are connected in parallel, and the output end of the compensation network is used as the input of the synchronous rectification controller; the synchronous rectification controller compares the output end of the compensation network with an internally set threshold value to give a secondary rectifier tube (Q)5) Control signal S of5Controlling the secondary rectifier (Q)5) Turn on and turn off;
the compensation network comprises a compensation capacitor (C)c) Compensating resistor (R)c) First diode (D)R) And a second diode (D)c) Wherein the capacitor (C) is compensatedc) And a compensation resistor (R)c) In series, a first diode (D)R) And a compensation resistor (R)c) Parallel, second diode (D)c) And compensation capacitance (C)c) Parallel, first diode (D)R) And a second diode (D)c) Is connected to the anode of the first diode (D), and a second diode (D)c) The negative electrode of (2) is grounded.
2. Compensation system for problems of premature turn-off of secondary rectifiers in converters according to claim 1, characterized in that said second diode (D)c) And a compensation capacitor (C)c) A common terminal, a first diode (D)R) And a compensation resistor (R)c) As an input of the compensation network, a second diode (D)c) As the output of the compensation network.
3. Compensation system for problems of premature turn-off of secondary rectifiers in converters according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary rectifiers (Q) are considered5) The parasitic inductor of the package, and a secondary rectifier (Q)5) When conducting, the secondary rectifier tube (Q)5) And a diode connected in parallel with the package parasitic inductance (Ls) and channel resistance (R) equivalent to series connectionds(on)) (ii) a The compensation capacitor (C)c) And a compensation resistor (R)c) Satisfies the following conditions:
Rds(on)RcCc＝Ls。
4. the system of claim 3, wherein the secondary current causes a voltage drop across the channel resistor of vRThe voltage drop of the secondary side current on the parasitic inductance is vLSecondary side rectifier Q5The drain-source voltages of: v. ofds＝vL-vR。
5. Compensation system for problems of premature turn-off of secondary rectifiers in converters according to claim 3, characterized in that the secondary rectifier (Q)5) When conducting, the compensation capacitor (C)c) Voltage on the channel is equal to the voltage drop across the channel resistance of vR。
6. Compensation system for problems of premature turn-off of secondary rectifiers in converters according to claim 1, characterized by a first diode (D)R) And a second diode (D)c) The switch tube can be replaced by all or part of the switch tube.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210037895.0A CN114513131A (en) | 2022-01-13 | 2022-01-13 | Compensation system suitable for problem of early turn-off of secondary rectifier tube of converter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210037895.0A CN114513131A (en) | 2022-01-13 | 2022-01-13 | Compensation system suitable for problem of early turn-off of secondary rectifier tube of converter |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6091616A (en) * | 1998-10-21 | 2000-07-18 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Drive compensation circuit for synchronous rectifier and method of operating the same |
| US20120063175A1 (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-15 | Dong Wang | Compensation circuit and method for a synchronous rectifier driver |
| CN103997223A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-08-20 | 西安唯电电气技术有限公司 | Synchronous rectification driving circuit |
-
2022
- 2022-01-13 CN CN202210037895.0A patent/CN114513131A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6091616A (en) * | 1998-10-21 | 2000-07-18 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Drive compensation circuit for synchronous rectifier and method of operating the same |
| US20120063175A1 (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-15 | Dong Wang | Compensation circuit and method for a synchronous rectifier driver |
| CN103997223A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-08-20 | 西安唯电电气技术有限公司 | Synchronous rectification driving circuit |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 马骏杰，等: "《现代交流电机的控制原理及DSP实现》", vol. 978, 北京：北京航空航天大学出版社 , pages: 160 - 161 * |
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