CN114511007A - Non-invasive electrical fingerprint identification method based on multi-scale feature perception - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical fingerprint identification, and particularly relates to a non-invasive electrical fingerprint identification method based on multi-scale feature perception. The invention comprises the following steps: acquiring electrical data of a target electrical appliance, carrying out block processing according to a specific length, marking, and dividing a training set, a verification set and a test set; preprocessing the acquired data; constructing a multi-scale perception convolutional neural network, and determining the input and output formats of the network; training the network, selecting proper super parameters to obtain the best training effect; accessing the trained network model into an electrical fingerprint identification task, and performing real-time electrical fingerprint monitoring by taking polymerization current and voltage as input; the invention detects the working state of the electric appliance of the corresponding circuit by constructing and training the multi-scale feature perception convolutional neural network. The invention realizes end-to-end integrated work, reduces error accumulation of cooperative work of all parts after task decomposition, and achieves better electrical fingerprint identification effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical fingerprint identification, and particularly relates to a non-invasive electrical fingerprint identification method.
Background
Everyone has a fingerprint and is considered a unique "identification card", as is the electrical fingerprint, each appliance having its own "representation". The electric fingerprint is used for identifying the working state of certain equipment by combining various characteristics of voltage and current of an electric appliance during power utilization and a deep learning method, and even warning dangerous power supply (illegal charging of a battery car, use of illegal electric appliances in a dormitory and the like) so as to ensure the power utilization safety. The convolution neural network based on multi-scale perception provided by the invention performs convolution operation under multi-scale based on original current and voltage data so as to obtain multi-scale and multi-dimensional time sequence data characteristics, and then performs 'portrait' on the data characteristics by utilizing the high-dimensional characteristic extraction capability of the convolution neural network, so that the characteristic information belonging to specific equipment in a data segment is identified, and the corresponding electric appliance identity is identified. When the invention is applied to real-time circuit monitoring, the detailed working state of equipment in the circuit can be obtained, and the detailed information monitoring of the circuit power consumption or the warning and reminding of dangerous power utilization are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a non-invasive electrical fingerprint identification method with high accuracy for identifying the working state of electrical equipment.
The non-invasive electrical fingerprint identification method provided by the invention is based on a multi-scale feature perception neural network model technology, and identifies the working state of an electrical appliance in the current circuit by acquiring the current and voltage data of the circuit in real time through a non-invasive sensor so as to achieve the effect of identifying the working state of the electrical appliance with high accuracy.
The neural network model provided by the invention improves the existing neural network for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) tasks, and has stronger distinguishing and identifying capability for special characteristics belonging to different electrical appliances and different working states by extracting characteristics of different scales of the acquired raw data after preprocessing. The working state of the electrical equipment in the circuit can be identified with higher accuracy, and the circuit is monitored and dangerous power utilization is warned.
The invention provides a non-invasive electrical fingerprint identification method based on multi-scale feature perception, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: acquiring electrical data of a target electrical appliance, carrying out block processing according to a specific length, marking, and dividing a training set, a verification set and a test set;
step 2: preprocessing the data obtained in the previous step;
and 3, step 3: constructing a multi-scale perception convolutional neural network, and determining the input and output formats of the network;
and 4, step 4: training the network, selecting proper super parameters to obtain the best training effect;
and 5: and (3) accessing the trained network model into an electrical fingerprint identification task, and performing real-time electrical fingerprint monitoring by taking the aggregation current and voltage as input.
The following is a further detailed description of the various steps:
step 1: and (3) carrying out electrical data acquisition on the target electrical appliance, carrying out block processing according to a specific length, marking, and dividing a training set, a verification set and a test set.
The existing public data sets in the non-invasive load monitoring field are not many, the problems of lack of unified standardization, less maximum concurrent load number and the like exist, and therefore the data set is automatically acquired by taking the requirement of the user as a target according to the network characteristics of the user. The acquisition mode is as follows: firstly, defining specific quantity and types of electric appliances to be identified, fixing sampling frequency by taking the electric appliances as targets, and firstly, respectively acquiring current and voltage data of single equipment in each working state; and then all the devices are arranged and combined, and data acquisition with multiple devices not started at the same time but with superposed working states is carried out. Then, the acquired data are segmented: dividing the acquired continuous time sequence into a plurality of data segments in a sliding window mode, wherein the window size is fixed (W), the step is fixed (S), and the number of the obtained segmented data blocks is as follows assuming that the length of the time sequence data is L: (L-W)/S. For the divided data, labeling is performed according to the electric appliance state contained in the divided data, for example: no load, no load + blower start + blower first gear, etc. And then dividing the data set according to a specific proportion to obtain a training set, a verification set and a test set.
Step 2: preprocessing the data obtained in the last step
The content of the data set obtained in the step one only comprises original continuous current and voltage values and a label corresponding to the data block, and in order to carry out deeper mining on data characteristics, multi-angle and multi-level preprocessing is carried out on data. The method specifically comprises the following steps: calculating active power, performing spectrum decomposition (fourier transform) and time series decomposition (STL decomposition) seasonal trend decomposition, and the like. And training and predicting by using the preprocessed results and the original data as input data of the network.
The data preprocessing specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating corresponding active power according to the real-time current and the voltage;
(2) taking a section of data as a unit, and carrying out Fourier transform on the current and voltage data;
(3) and taking a section of data as a unit, and performing frequency domain information extraction and time series decomposition.
And 3, step 3: constructing a multi-scale perception convolutional neural network and determining the input and output formats of the network
The network model constructed in the invention comprises three parts in total, wherein the first part is a multi-scale feature perception network module and is used for realizing multi-scale feature perception; the second part is a global feature perception network module used for realizing global feature perception; the third part is a multi-label classification network used for finishing classification tasks, specifically mapping the extracted features of the previous part to finally obtain the prediction of the identity of the electric appliance.
The specific structure and input/output format of each part of the network are as follows:
(I) multiscale feature aware network module
The module has a two-layer structure:
a first layer: the method comprises the following steps that (1) each block consists of 3 one-dimensional convolution blocks, convolution kernels among the blocks are different in size and are respectively 1, 5 and 9, and filling lengths of the corresponding convolution kernels are different and are respectively 0, 2 and 4; the convolution step length of each block is 1, the number of input channels is 6, and the number of output channels is 8;
a second layer: and (3) two-dimensional convolution, wherein the size of a convolution kernel is 3 × 3, the step size is 1, the filling is 1 × 1, the number of input channels is 24, the number of output channels is 32, and then the ReLU layer is connected.
(II) global feature aware network module
The module has nine layers of networks:
a first layer: two-dimensional convolution, the size of a convolution kernel is 3 x 3, the step size is 1, the filling is 1 x 1, the number of input channels is 32, the number of output channels is 64, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
a second layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 3 x 3, the step size is 1, the filling is 1 x 1, the number of input channels is 64, the number of output channels is 64, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
and a third layer: two-dimensional convolution, the size of a convolution kernel is 5 × 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 × 2, the number of input channels is 64, the number of output channels is 64, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
a fourth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the size of a convolution kernel is 5 × 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 × 2, the number of input channels is 64, the number of output channels is 64, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
a fifth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 5 x 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 x 2, the input channel number is 64, the output channel number is 128, the global maximum pooling layer is connected, and then the ReLU layer is connected;
a sixth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the size of a convolution kernel is 5 × 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 × 2, the number of input channels is 128, the number of output channels is 64, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
a seventh layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 5 x 5, the step length is 1, the filling is 2 x 2, the number of input channels is 64, the number of output channels is 32, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
an eighth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the size of a convolution kernel is 5 × 5, the step length is 1, the filling is 2 × 2, the number of input channels is 32, the number of output channels is 16, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
a ninth layer: and (3) two-dimensional convolution, wherein the size of a convolution kernel is 5 × 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 × 2, the number of input channels is 16, the number of output channels is 4, and then the ReLU layer is connected.
(III) Multi-Label Classification network
The network maps the extracted characteristics of the previous part to finally obtain the prediction of the identity of the electric appliance; the network comprises two layers:
a first layer: a fully-connected layer, wherein the input neuron node number is 900 (4 × 15), the output neuron node number is 256, and then a ReLU activation function is connected;
a second layer: and in the full connection layer, the number of input neuron nodes is 256, the number of output neuron nodes is the length of an array of onehot results, and then a Sigmoid activation function is connected.
And 4, step 4: training network, selecting proper super parameter to obtain best training effect
In the training of the network, a random gradient descent algorithm SGD is selected as an optimizer of the network, a cosine annealing algorithm is used for dynamically adjusting the learning rate of the network, and a cross entropy loss function is selected for carrying out loss calculation and back propagation on a prediction result of the network;
Loss = CrossEntropyLoss(
, y)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the prediction result of the model, y is the true label corresponding to the sample, and Cross EntrophyLoss is the cross entropy loss calculation function of the self-contained in the nn.
And 5: and (3) accessing the trained network model into an electrical fingerprint identification task, and performing real-time electrical fingerprint monitoring by taking the aggregation current and voltage as input.
Example is carried out by taking the identification of the working state of an electric appliance of a building as a target: non-invasive current and voltage sensing equipment is installed on a general power supply line of the building, the sensor acquires current and voltage equipment in a circuit at a specific frequency, acquired data are transmitted to a data cache module in real time according to a time sequence, the module maintains latest time sequence data within two seconds in real time, and the data are transmitted to a data processing module of the model at a specific interval. After receiving data with a specific length, a data processing module of the model performs non-repeated division on the data according to the size of a window consistent with a training set, then performs preprocessing on the divided data, finally sends the data into a prediction module of the model for prediction, sends the obtained prediction result to a visualization module in real time, converts the predicted equipment state label into a corresponding equipment state and displays the equipment state, and therefore real-time monitoring on the state of a working electric appliance is achieved.
The invention detects the working state of the electric appliance of the corresponding circuit by constructing and training a multi-scale feature perception convolutional neural network. The invention realizes the integrated work of end to end (from the original data of the sensor to the corresponding electric appliance identity), reduces the error accumulation of the cooperative work of all parts after the task decomposition, and achieves better electric fingerprint identification effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a non-intrusive load monitoring electrical fingerprint identification method based on multi-scale feature sensing according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a network model architecture of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following by combining the drawings and the embodiment.
Examples
The invention provides a method for extracting electrical fingerprint characteristics by using current and voltage polymerization data obtained in a non-invasive load monitoring mode as input, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: acquiring electrical data of a target electrical appliance, carrying out block processing according to a specific length, marking, and dividing a training set, a verification set and a test set;
step 2: preprocessing the data obtained in the last step in a specific mode;
and step 3: constructing a multi-scale perception convolutional neural network, and determining the input and output formats of the network;
and 4, step 4: training the network, selecting proper super parameters to obtain the best training effect;
and 5: and (3) accessing the trained network model into an electrical fingerprint identification task, and performing real-time electrical fingerprint monitoring by taking the aggregation current and voltage as input.
The following is a further detailed description of the various steps:
step 1: and (3) carrying out electrical data acquisition on the target electrical appliance, carrying out block processing according to a specific length, marking, and dividing a training set, a verification set and a test set.
Firstly, defining specific quantity and types of electric appliances to be identified, specifically comprising: the electric hair drier, the electric iron, the dust collector, the small electric cooker, the warm air blower and the blower are used as targets, firstly, current and voltage data of single equipment in each working state are respectively collected, the collection frequency is 1KHz, the equipment to be collected is started from a closed state and then works in a stable state and is then closed, and the whole process is about 20s to 40 s; and then all the devices are arranged and combined, and data acquisition with different starting of the devices and overlapping of working states is carried out, wherein the time duration is different from 40s to 140 s. Then, the acquired data are segmented: the collected continuous time sequence is divided into a plurality of data segments in a sliding window mode, the window size is fixed to 900, and the pace is fixed to 3. For the divided data, labeling is performed according to the electric appliance state contained in the divided data, for example: no load ([ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]), no load + blower activation ([ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]), no load + blower activation + blower first gear, etc ([ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]). And then dividing the data set according to the ratio of 6: 1: 3 to obtain a training set, a verification set and a test set.
Step 2: and preprocessing the data obtained in the last step in a specific mode.
The content of the data set obtained in the step one only comprises original continuous current and voltage values and a label corresponding to the data block, and in order to carry out deeper mining on data characteristics, multi-angle and multi-level preprocessing is carried out on data. The method specifically comprises the following steps: calculating corresponding active power according to the data segments to obtain an active power data sequence; respectively carrying out Fourier transform on the current data and the voltage data to obtain corresponding frequency spectrum information; and performing STL decomposition on the current data and the voltage data respectively to obtain corresponding season, trend and residual error information. And training and predicting by taking the preprocessed results and the original data as input data of the network, wherein the final format of the data is as follows: (8, 900).
And step 3: and constructing a multi-scale perception convolutional neural network, and determining the input and output formats of the network.
The network model constructed in the invention comprises three parts in total, wherein the first part is a one-dimensional convolution part for realizing multi-scale feature perception, the second part is a two-dimensional convolution neural network for realizing global feature perception, and the third part is a fully-connected network for completing classification tasks. The input length 900 and the number of channels of the network are 8, and the specific implementation and input and output formats of each part of the network are as follows:
(I) multiscale feature aware network module
The module has a two-layer structure:
a first layer: the method comprises the following steps that (1) each block consists of 3 one-dimensional convolution blocks, convolution kernels among the blocks are different in size and are respectively 1, 5 and 9, and filling lengths of the corresponding convolution kernels are different and are respectively 0, 2 and 4; the convolution step of each block is 1, the number of input channels is 6, the number of output channels is 8 (the layer of input is (8, 900), the output of each block is (8, 900), the outputs of the three blocks are spliced to obtain (24, 900), the output is deformed into a feature matrix with the size of 30 × 30 of 24 channels, and the final output is (24, 30, 30));
a second layer: two-dimensional convolution with convolution kernel size 3 x 3, step size 1, padding 1 x 1, input channel number 24, output channel number 32, followed by the ReLU layer (final output (32, 30, 30)).
(II) Global feature aware network Module
The module has nine layers of networks:
a first layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 3 x 3, the step size is 1, the filling is 1 x 1, the number of input channels is 32, the number of output channels is 64, and then the ReLU layer (final output (64, 30, 30));
a second layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 3 x 3, the step size is 1, the filling is 1 x 1, the input channel number is 64, the output channel number is 64, and then the ReLU layer (final output (64, 30, 30));
and a third layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 5 x 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 x 2, the input channel number is 64, the output channel number is 64, and then the ReLU layer (final output (64, 30, 30));
a fourth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 5 x 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 x 2, the input channel number is 64, the output channel number is 64, and then the ReLU layer (final output (64, 30, 30));
and a fifth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 5 x 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 x 2, the input channel number is 64, the output channel number is 128, the global maximum pooling layer is connected, and then the ReLU layer is connected (final output (128, 15, 15));
a sixth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 5 x 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 x 2, the input channel number is 128, the output channel number is 64, and then the ReLU layer (final output (64, 15, 15));
a seventh layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 5 x 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 x 2, the input channel number is 64, the output channel number is 32, and then the ReLU layer (final output (32, 15, 15));
an eighth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 5 x 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 x 2, the number of input channels is 32, the number of output channels is 16, and then the ReLU layers (final output (16, 15, 15));
a ninth layer: two-dimensional convolution with convolution kernel size 5 × 5, step size 1, padding 2 × 2, input channel number 16, output channel number 4, followed by the ReLU layer (final output (4, 15, 15)).
(III) Multi-tag Classification network
The network maps the extracted characteristics of the previous part to finally obtain the prediction of the identity of the electric appliance; the network comprises two layers:
a first layer: a fully-connected layer, wherein the input neuron node number is 900 (4 × 15), the output neuron node number is 256, and then a ReLU activation function is connected;
a second layer: and in the full connection layer, the number of input neuron nodes is 256, the number of output neuron nodes is the length of an array of onehot results, and then a Sigmoid activation function is connected.
And 4, step 4: training network, selecting proper super parameter to obtain best training effect
In the training of the network, a random gradient descent algorithm SGD is selected as an optimizer of the network, the learning rate of the network is dynamically adjusted by a cosine annealing algorithm, and a cross entropy loss function is selected to perform loss calculation and back propagation on a prediction result of the network;
Loss = CrossEntropyLoss(
, y)
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the cross entropy loss calculation function is a self-contained cross entropy loss calculation function in an nn.functional module of the pytorech; through experiments, the model provided by the invention gradually converges when 150 EPOCHs exist, the initial learning rate is set to be 0.1, and the batch size is 64.
And 5: and (3) accessing the trained network model into an electrical fingerprint identification task, and performing real-time electrical fingerprint monitoring by taking the aggregation current and voltage as input.
In the invention, the power supply of a room is taken as a detection target: non-invasive current and voltage sensing equipment is installed on a main power supply line of the house, the sensors acquire current and voltage data in the circuit at the frequency of 1KHz, the acquired data are transmitted to a data cache module in real time according to a time sequence, the module maintains the latest time sequence data within two seconds in real time, and 1100 time sequence data (100 repeated data) are transmitted to a data processing module of the model at an interval of 1 s. After receiving data with a specific length, a data processing module of the model divides the data according to the window size 900, the step length is 11, then the divided data is preprocessed and finally sent to a prediction module of the model for prediction, voting is carried out on a plurality of obtained predictions, a final prediction result is selected, and the result is converted into a corresponding equipment state through a visualization module.
In the invention, the accuracy of the detection result of the equipment state in the plurality of data in the detection time period is used as an index for evaluation. The detection accuracy of the model for each selected device in the validation set, the test set and the actual experiment is given in table 1.
TABLE 1 detection accuracy (%) of each apparatus
Claims (4)
1. A non-invasive electrical fingerprint identification method based on multi-scale feature perception is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: acquiring electrical data of a target electrical appliance, carrying out block processing according to a certain length, marking, and dividing a training set, a verification set and a test set;
step 2: pre-processing the collected electrical data, comprising:
calculating active power, and performing frequency spectrum decomposition and time sequence decomposition; using the preprocessed results and the original data as input data of the network together for training and predicting;
and step 3: constructing a multi-scale perception convolutional neural network and determining the input and output formats of the network
The constructed multi-scale perception convolutional neural network model comprises three parts: the multi-scale feature perception network module is used for realizing multi-scale feature perception; the global feature perception network module is used for realizing global feature perception; the multi-label classification network is used for completing classification tasks, and specifically maps the extracted features of the previous part to finally obtain the prediction of the identity of the electric appliance;
and 4, step 4: training the network, selecting proper hyper-parameters to obtain the best training effect
Selecting a random gradient descent algorithm SGD as an optimizer of the network, dynamically adjusting the learning rate of the network by using a cosine annealing algorithm, and performing loss calculation and back propagation on a prediction result of the network by using a cross entropy loss function;
Loss = CrossEntropyLoss(
, y)
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the cross entropy loss calculation function is a self-contained cross entropy loss calculation function in an nn.functional module of the pytorech;
and 5: and (3) accessing the trained network model into an electrical fingerprint identification task, and performing real-time electrical fingerprint monitoring by taking the aggregation current and voltage as input.
2. The non-invasive electrical fingerprint identification method based on multi-scale feature perception according to claim 1, wherein the flow of step 1 is as follows:
data are collected in the following mode: firstly, defining specific quantity and types of electric appliances to be identified, fixing sampling frequency by taking the electric appliances as targets, and firstly, respectively acquiring current and voltage data of single equipment in each working state; then all the devices are arranged and combined, and data acquisition is carried out when multiple devices are not started at the same time but the working states are overlapped;
then, the acquired data are segmented: dividing the collected continuous time sequence into a plurality of data segments in a sliding window mode, wherein the window size W is fixed, the step S is fixed, and the length of the time sequence data is L, so that the number of the obtained segmented data blocks is as follows: (L-W)/S; marking the divided data according to the electric appliance state contained in the divided data;
and then dividing the data set according to a specific proportion to obtain a training set, a verification set and a test set.
3. The non-invasive electrical fingerprint identification method based on multi-scale feature perception according to claim 1, wherein the data preprocessing in step 2 specifically comprises:
(1) calculating corresponding active power according to the real-time current and the voltage;
(2) taking a section of data as a unit, and carrying out Fourier transform on the current and voltage data;
(3) and taking a section of data as a unit, and performing frequency domain information extraction and time series decomposition.
4. The method for non-invasive electrical fingerprint identification based on multi-scale feature perception according to claim 1, wherein the specific structure of the multi-scale perception convolutional neural network and the input and output format of the network in step 3 are as follows:
the multi-scale feature perception network module has a two-layer structure:
a first layer: the system is composed of 3 one-dimensional convolution blocks, convolution kernels among the blocks are respectively 1, 5 and 9, and filling lengths corresponding to the convolution kernels are respectively 0, 2 and 4; the convolution step length of each block is 1, the number of input channels is 6, and the number of output channels is 8;
a second layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 3 x 3, the step size is 1, the filling is 1 x 1, the number of input channels is 24, the number of output channels is 32, and then the ReLU layer is connected;
(II) the global feature perception network module comprises nine layers of networks:
a first layer: two-dimensional convolution, the size of a convolution kernel is 3 x 3, the step size is 1, the filling is 1 x 1, the number of input channels is 32, the number of output channels is 64, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
a second layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 3 x 3, the step size is 1, the filling is 1 x 1, the number of input channels is 64, the number of output channels is 64, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
and a third layer: two-dimensional convolution, the size of a convolution kernel is 5 × 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 × 2, the number of input channels is 64, the number of output channels is 64, and then a ReLU layer is connected);
a fourth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the size of a convolution kernel is 5 × 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 × 2, the number of input channels is 64, the number of output channels is 64, and then a ReLU layer is connected);
and a fifth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the convolution kernel size is 5 x 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 x 2, the input channel number is 64, the output channel number is 128, the global maximum pooling layer is connected, and then the ReLU layer is connected;
a sixth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the size of a convolution kernel is 5 × 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 × 2, the number of input channels is 128, the number of output channels is 64, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
a seventh layer: two-dimensional convolution, the size of a convolution kernel is 5 × 5, the step size is 1, the filling is 2 × 2, the number of input channels is 64, the number of output channels is 32, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
an eighth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the size of a convolution kernel is 5 × 5, the step length is 1, the filling is 2 × 2, the number of input channels is 32, the number of output channels is 16, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
a ninth layer: two-dimensional convolution, the size of a convolution kernel is 5 × 5, the step length is 1, the filling is 2 × 2, the number of input channels is 16, the number of output channels is 4, and then a ReLU layer is connected;
(III) the multi-label classification network comprises two layers:
a first layer: fully connecting layers, wherein the number of input neuron nodes is 900 (4 × 15), the number of output neuron nodes is 256, and then a ReLU activation function is connected;
a second layer: and in the full connection layer, the number of input neuron nodes is 256, the number of output neuron nodes is the length of an array of onehot results, and then a Sigmoid activation function is connected.
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