CN114510860A - Lattice structure optimization method based on node rigidity gradient mechanism - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lattice structure optimization method based on a node rigidity gradient mechanism, and belongs to the field of lattice structure mechanics optimization methods. Firstly, the method utilizes a node rigidity gradient mechanism to carry out spatial combination on an octagonal lattice cell and a corrected concave hexagonal cell to design a series of mixed cell structures; then, manufacturing a layered hybrid lattice structure by an additive manufacturing technology, and performing dynamic compression test and simulation to obtain simulation parameters for accurately predicting the mechanical property of the hybrid cell; and finally, establishing a finite element model of the lattice structure of all the hybrid cell elements based on the set of parameters so as to evaluate the effectiveness of the node rigidity gradient mechanism. Finally, the optimal hybrid lattice structure is obtained. The method is suitable for the fields of materials and the like, is used for overcoming the defect that the traditional bent leading cell structure is low in quality utilization efficiency in the energy absorption process, and screens out the optimal cell lattice structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lattice optimization method for a hybrid cell, in particular to a lattice structure optimization method based on a node rigidity gradient mechanism, and belongs to the field of lattice structure mechanical optimization methods.
Background
As one of porous materials, a lattice structure has received wide attention from the academic world for its excellent lightweight property and high designability. The deformation modes of the traditional lattice structure comprise two types, namely a stretching dominant deformation mode and a bending dominant deformation mode. The two deformation modes have respective characteristics, the number of the short columns connected to the internal nodes of the stretching leading cell unit is more than 12, the stress state of the short columns is the stretching/compressing direction along the axis of the short columns, and the stress is distributed in the whole short column structure, so that the structure has high material utilization rate and can be used for bearing. The defects are that short columns are unstable in the compression process of the structure, the phenomenon can cause the bearing capacity curve of the whole structure to drop violently after the structure experiences a first peak value, secondary impact is caused to a protected target, and the structure protection is not facilitated. The bending-dominant lattice structure presents completely different characteristics, the number of the short column access of the nodes of the bending-dominant lattice structure is less than 12, and when the bending-dominant lattice structure bears a compression load, deformation is mainly concentrated on bending of the short columns at the nodes. Because the short column is not unstable, the structural bearing capacity curve of the short column has a longer platform section after the yield point. This feature avoids secondary impact on the protected object, achieving effective absorption of impact energy. However, since the deformation of the structural unit cell is concentrated only in the vicinity of the node, a large amount of material is not fully utilized, and thus the mass utilization efficiency of the structure is low. If the bending leading lattice structure is used as an energy absorption part, the problem of low quality utilization rate of the lattice structure needs to be solved.
Generally, the optimal design of the lattice structure mainly has the following directions: (1) lattice unit cell topological design, mainly aiming at the geometric form and the combination mode of short columns; (2) the design of a polycrystalline imitation structure, which imitates a polycrystalline structure and combines the crystal grain imitation structures with different crystal orientations into a lattice structure; (3) the method is mainly applied to actual engineering parts, and the aim of structure lightweight is fulfilled by performing dot matrix on materials in non-main stress areas; (4) designing functional gradient, namely realizing the functional gradient design of the lattice structure by changing the size of a cell in the lattice structure and the diameter of a unit cell short column; (5) the cell hybrid design, different cell structures are combined to form a novel lattice structure.
The above methods do not fully solve the problems of the bending leading lattice structure in the energy absorption field. Although some studies have been conducted to use the combination of tensile-dominant cells and bending-dominant cells as a hybrid lattice structure, most studies have been conducted on specific mechanical behavior, and the interaction mechanism between different cells has not been studied to solve the practical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the bending dominant lattice structure in the energy absorption field, the invention mainly aims to provide a lattice structure optimization method based on a node rigidity gradient mechanism, and an optimal lattice structure of a cell is obtained by researching and utilizing a cooperative deformation mechanism of different cell cells.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a dot matrix structure optimization method based on a node rigidity gradient mechanism, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting octagonal dot matrix cells and corrected concave hexagonal cells; carrying out spatial combination on the cell elements to optimize a series of mixed cell element structures; manufacturing a layered hybrid lattice structure by an additive manufacturing technology, and performing dynamic compression test and simulation to obtain simulation parameters capable of accurately predicting the mechanical property of the hybrid cell; establishing a finite element model of the lattice structure of all the other mixed cell elements based on the set of parameters; evaluating the energy absorption performance of the coordinated deformation hybrid cell lattice structure, selecting the optimal cell structure, and completing the optimization of the lattice structure based on a node stiffness gradient mechanism.
The invention discloses a lattice structure optimization method based on a node rigidity gradient mechanism, which comprises the following main steps of:
step one, selecting two or more lattice structure cells.
Since different node stiffness results from different numbers of node access stubs in a single cell structure, at least one cell structure is selected in which all nodes have different coordination numbers, which is used as a basis for generating a node stiffness gradient.
And step two, designing a representative volume unit, and arraying the representative volume unit to complete the design of the hybrid lattice structure.
And splicing and combining the two selected cell structures to form a representative volume unit. When different cells are connected, the respective contact surfaces should have nodes corresponding to each other, so as to ensure that the different cells can be normally assembled and connected. Because the coordination numbers of the respective nodes of the two cells are different, different splicing schemes generate nodes with different coordination numbers, namely different node rigidity gradient distribution is generated inside the representative volume unit.
And step three, selecting two basic cells in the step one, and combining the basic cells according to the design in the step two to form a series of hybrid cell structures which are optimized step by step.
And step four, manufacturing one structure in the step three, and performing dynamic compression test by using a drop hammer tester.
And fifthly, carrying out finite element analysis on the sample obtained in the fourth step by utilizing dynamic finite element simulation software, and comparing the result with the test result to obtain reliable simulation parameters.
a) Finite element modeling: and carrying out finite element modeling by utilizing the beam unit according to the geometrical model of the hybrid lattice structure.
b) Simulation analysis: and determining the simulation loading speed according to the actual test working condition to obtain a bearing capacity time curve of the finite element structure.
c) Acquiring parameters: and the test is matched with the simulation curve by selecting proper simulation parameters, so that reliable simulation parameters are obtained.
And step six, establishing a finite element model of other hybrid lattice structures in the step three and simulating by means of the reliable simulation parameters obtained in the step five to obtain the bearing capacity curves of all the structures.
And seventhly, evaluating the energy absorption performance of the coordinated deformation hybrid cell lattice structure to obtain the optimal cell structure.
a) Energy absorption index calculation: from the simulation results, the load bearing efficiency (FEA) and the Energy Absorption (EA) of all structures were calculated.
b) Node stiffness gradient effectiveness: the effectiveness of a node stiffness gradient mechanism is verified by comparing deformation modes and energy absorption performances of all structures and connecting different node stiffness gradients of all structures.
c) And (4) optimizing the result: and selecting a hybrid lattice structure with the optimal energy absorption performance, and completing the optimization of the lattice structure based on a node rigidity gradient mechanism.
The beneficial results are that:
1. the invention discloses a dot matrix structure optimization method based on a node rigidity gradient mechanism, which is characterized in that an octagonal dot matrix cell and a corrected concave hexagonal cell are spatially combined by utilizing the node rigidity gradient mechanism, and a series of mixed cell structures are designed and optimized; then, manufacturing a layered hybrid lattice structure by an additive manufacturing technology, and performing dynamic compression test and simulation to obtain simulation parameters for accurately predicting the mechanical property of the hybrid cell; and finally, establishing a finite element model of the lattice structure of all the hybrid cell elements based on the set of parameters so as to evaluate the effectiveness of the node rigidity gradient mechanism. Finally, the optimal hybrid lattice structure is obtained. The method is used for overcoming the defect that the traditional bent leading cell structure is low in quality utilization efficiency in the energy absorption process, and screening out the optimal cell lattice structure.
2. The invention discloses a dot matrix structure optimization method based on a node rigidity gradient mechanism, which is characterized in that two selected cell structures are spliced and combined to form a representative volume unit. When different cells are connected, the respective contact surfaces of the different cells are provided with nodes corresponding to each other, so that the different cells can be normally assembled and connected. Because the coordination numbers of the respective nodes of the two cells are different, different splicing schemes generate nodes with different coordination numbers, namely different node rigidity gradient distribution is generated inside the representative volume unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a single cell structure in a hybrid structure;
wherein, the graph (a) is an octagonal lattice unit cell, the graph (b) is a modified concave hexagon unit cell, the graph (c) is a modified concave hexagon geometric dimension variable schematic diagram, and the graph (d) is a concave hexagon corner geometric dimension variable schematic diagram.
FIG. 2 shows the connection point of two cells;
wherein, the diagram (a) is the connectable point on the octagonal lattice cell surface, the diagram (b) is the connectable point on the front surface (front surface) of the concave hexagon, the diagram (c) is the connectable point on the side surface (side surface) of the concave hexagon cell, and the diagram (d) is the connecting effect diagram of the octagonal lattice cell and the side surface of the concave hexagon cell.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection and coordination number of each structural cell;
wherein, the diagram (a) is a schematic diagram of the cell combination and node coordination number in the T0-T4 structure, and the diagram (b) is a graphical illustration of the node coordination number.
FIG. 4 is a method for stitching local coordinates of a concave hexagonal cell with a representative volume unit of a T4 structure;
wherein, the drawing (a) is a local coordinate system of the concave hexagonal cell, the drawing (b) is an assembly method of the concave hexagonal cell connected with the octagonal lattice cell, the drawing (c) and the drawing (d) are assembly methods of the remaining 8 octagonal lattice cells, and the drawing (e) is a schematic diagram of a representative volume unit of the structure T4.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of T0-T4;
FIG. 6 shows the geometry of two unit cells in the T1 structure;
wherein (a) shows the specific geometry of octagonal lattice cells in the T0 structure, and (b) shows the specific geometry of recessed hexagonal cells in the T0 structure.
FIG. 7 shows the design dimensions of a sample of a layered lattice structure;
FIG. 8 is a comparison of layered lattice structure test and simulation curves;
FIG. 9 is a comparative graph of energy absorption performance of T0-T4 structures;
fig. 10 shows a deformation mode of the T4 structure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The technical problems and the advantages solved by the technical solutions of the present invention are also described, and it should be noted that the described embodiments are only intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, and do not have any limiting effect.
Firstly, a series of hybrid lattice structures are designed according to a node rigidity gradient mechanism, and one of the hybrid lattice structures is manufactured by adopting a selective electron beam melting technology to carry out dynamic compression test and simulation so as to obtain proper simulation parameters. And evaluating the energy absorption performance of other optimized design structures based on the set of parameters.
The unit cell structures in the hybrid structure shown in fig. 1 are composed of an octagonal lattice unit cell in a diagram (a) and a concave hexagonal unit cell modified in a diagram (b) in fig. 1, and a formula (1-2) gives a relative density calculation formula of the unit cell structures. The meanings of a, d, H, H, q and x in the formula are shown in the figures 1(c) and (d).
The connection point of two cells disclosed in this embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and in the diagram (a), the diagram (b) and the diagram (c) of fig. 2, only the nodes marked by the same graph of the two cells can be connected to each other, that is, only the nodes marked by the same line frame can be connected to each other in the connection situation of the diagram (a) + the diagram (b) or the diagram (a) + the diagram (c). The above is a specific connection method between cells. Only two different unit cell connections are considered, for a total of two cases: the first condition is as follows: a certain surface of the octagonal lattice + a front surface of the concave hexagonal lattice; case two: one side of the octagonal lattice + the side of the concave hexagonal lattice (side face). When two cells are in case one, the two cells create an additional new node at the junction (the red dotted circle) that is located within the red dotted circle and whose coordination number is different from the coordination number of the node of each cell before the two cells are connected. Since the coordination number of the new attachment points between the cells is related to the way in which the cells are arrayed in the sample, it is not significant if only two cells are considered; when the two cells are in case two, the two cells are connected at the blue dashed-line box and the orange dashed-line box in fig. 2 (a) and (c). It is noted that two cells can be directly connected at the blue square, while the orange dotted square needs to extend the short beam at the orange square of the recessed hexagonal cell to the orange square of the octagonal lattice cell, as shown in fig. 2 (d). The connection method introduces three new nodes, namely the nodes in the four corner boxes, the node at the center box and the node in the yellow box in fig. 2 (c). The three nodes introduced bring three new coordination numbers simultaneously.
A series of structures designed in this embodiment follow the above cell connection method. The cell structure of the T0-T4 structure is as follows, in the T0-T4 structure, the coordination number distribution of each node at the cell connection is as shown in FIG. 3(a), and FIG. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the coordination numbers owned by each color node:
t0 structure T0 structure is the most basic layered mixed lattice structure, which is composed of an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, wherein each part comprises three layers of the same lattice cells. The upper layer and the lower layer are obtained by octagonal lattice structure arrays, no special connection mode is provided, and the middle part is obtained by the inward concave hexagonal cell elements through translation arrays. The cells in the middle part are connected with the cells in the upper and lower parts in a way that nodes at the red dotted circle of fig. 2(a-b) are connected with each other.
T1 Structure: the different cells in the T1 structure are combined in the same manner as in T0, except that the T1 structure cells are arranged in different arrays.
T2 Structure: in the T2 structure, octagonal lattice cells and concave hexagonal cells are spliced in a spatially offset manner, i.e., the cells connected to six faces of each concave hexagonal (or concave hexagonal) lattice cell are all different cells from each other. It is noted that in this scheme, the front faces (front faces) of the female hexagonal cells always face into the page, regardless of the relative position of the female hexagonal cells in the octagonal lattice cells. In this scheme, when the side face of the recessed hexagonal cell is connected to the octagonal lattice cell, the short beam at the yellow square frame in fig. 2(c) is not extended.
T3 Structure: the overall cell layout scheme is identical to the T2 structure, except that the short beam at the yellow frame in fig. 2(c) extends to the node corresponding to the octagonal lattice cell.
T4 Structure: the specific assembly of the T4 structure is shown in fig. 4(a-e), and in fig. 4(a), the directions defining the left and right sides of the octagonal lattice cell are defined as the directions of the local coordinates i. The center of a representative volume unit in the T4 structure is an octagonal lattice cell, six faces of the cell are respectively connected to six concave hexagonal unit cells, and the unit cells are connected in the i direction of the local coordinates of the concave hexagonal unit cells, as shown in fig. 4 (b). After the access of the concave hexagonal single cells is completed, an octagonal lattice single cell is respectively accessed to the upper surface and the lower surface of each concave hexagonal single cell, and 8 octagonal lattice single cells are accessed in total, as shown in fig. 4 (c-d). The structure of the final T4 structure is schematically shown in fig. 4(e) for a representative volume element. The T4 structure is a hybrid lattice structure designed by fully utilizing a node rigidity distribution gradient mechanism. The great difference of the T4 structure in the distribution of the node coordination numbers compared with the T0-T3 structure is to verify the effectiveness of the gradient mechanism of the node rigidity distribution proposed in the present invention. A schematic representation of the overall structure of T0-T4 is shown in FIG. 5.
After the design is completed, the layered hybrid lattice structure in the designed structure is fabricated using an EBM additive manufacturing process (T0). Ti-6Al-4V was selected as the substrate, and the parameters of the sample are shown in Table 1. FIG. 6 shows the specific geometrical dimensions of two single cells in the T0 structure, according to the formula (1-2), the theoretical relative densities of octagonal lattice single cells and concave hexagonal single cells are 21.03% and 17.01%, respectively.
The relative density of the layered hybrid lattice was 19.78% calculated according to formula (3), and the size of the T0 structure is shown in fig. 7. A compression test with a strain rate of 192/s was performed by a drop weight tester, and a simulation was performed, and a simulation and a test pair such as FIG. 8, EX represents a test, and SM represents a simulation were performed. It can be seen that the test and simulation curves are more consistent in Energy Absorption (EA), load efficiency (CFE), average load (AF) and Peak Force (PF). Representing the energy absorption level of the structure which can be truly reflected by the set of simulation method.
TABLE 1
And then, establishing other finite element models of the hybrid lattice structure, ensuring that the quality of the finite element models is the same as that of the T0 structure when the models are established, and performing compression test simulation at the same dynamic compression speed. Finally, the bearing capacity efficiency (CFE) and Energy Absorption (EA) of the T0-T4 structure are summarized as in fig. 9. it can be seen that the T4 structure with complex node stiffness distribution achieves a large optimization of the bearing capacity efficiency without losing the energy absorption capacity of the structure, and the bearing capacity efficiency of the T4 structure is improved by 44.87% compared with that of the T0 structure. This means that the node stiffness gradient mechanism can make the load bearing curve of the structure more gradual, and is more favorable for absorbing energy and protecting the structure from the impact of peak load bearing.
The deformation mode of the T4 structure, which is the optimal hybrid lattice structure, when compressed is shown in fig. 10, it can be seen that the T4 structure generates irregular and complex coordinated deformation during the load bearing process, which fully explains that the node stiffness gradient mechanism realizes the control of the deformation mode of the hybrid cell lattice structure, and this deformation mode is the important reason why the load bearing capacity curve of the structure becomes gentle.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A lattice structure optimization method based on a node rigidity gradient mechanism is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting two or more lattice structure cells;
step two, finishing the design of a representative volume unit, and arraying the representative volume unit to finish the design of a hybrid lattice structure;
step three, selecting two basic cells in the step one, and combining the two basic cells according to the design in the step two to form a series of mixed cell structures;
manufacturing one structure in the step three, and performing dynamic compression test by using a drop hammer tester;
step five, carrying out finite element analysis on the sample obtained in the step four by using dynamic finite element simulation software, and comparing the result with the test result to obtain reliable simulation parameters;
step six, establishing a finite element model of other hybrid lattice structures in the step three and simulating by means of the reliable simulation parameters obtained in the step five to obtain bearing capacity curves of all the structures;
and seventhly, evaluating the energy absorption performance of the coordinated deformation hybrid cell lattice structure, obtaining an optimal cell structure, and verifying the effectiveness of a node stiffness gradient mechanism.
2. The lattice structure optimization method based on the node rigidity gradient mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the implementation method of the first step comprises the following steps:
the different numbers of node access short columns in the unit cell structure can lead to different node rigidity, so that in the selected cell structure, at least one cell exists, the coordination numbers of all nodes of the cell are different, and the coordination numbers are used as the basis for generating node rigidity gradient.
3. The lattice structure optimization method based on the node rigidity gradient mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the implementation method of the second step is as follows:
combining the different unit cells selected in the step one to form different representative volume units which can be arrayed into different hybrid lattice structures; when different cells are connected, the respective contact surfaces of the different cells should have nodes corresponding to each other, so as to ensure that the different cells can be normally assembled and connected; because the respective node coordination numbers of the two cells are different, different splicing schemes will produce nodes with different coordination numbers; this creates a different nodal stiffness gradient distribution within the representative volume element.
4. The lattice structure optimization method based on the node rigidity gradient mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the third step is realized by the following steps:
and according to the requirement of the step one, respectively selecting the octagonal lattice unit cell and the corrected concave hexagonal unit cell as basic cells for forming a hybrid lattice structure. And (5) combining the octagonal lattice cells and the modified concave hexagonal cells according to the requirements of the second step to construct 5 hybrid lattice structures of T0-T4.
5. The lattice structure optimization method based on the node rigidity gradient mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the implementation method of the fourth step is as follows:
a T1 structure in a T0-T4 structure is manufactured by using an electron beam melting additive manufacturing technology, and the dynamic mechanical property of the T1 structure is tested by using a drop weight tester to obtain a bearing capacity curve.
6. The lattice structure optimization method based on the node rigidity gradient mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the implementation method of the fifth step is as follows:
a) finite element modeling: carrying out finite element modeling by utilizing a beam unit according to the geometrical model of the hybrid lattice structure;
b) simulation analysis: determining a simulation loading speed according to the actual test working condition to obtain a bearing capacity time curve of the finite element structure;
c) acquiring parameters: and the test is matched with the simulation curve by selecting proper simulation parameters, so that reliable simulation parameters are obtained.
7. The lattice structure optimization method based on the node rigidity gradient mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the implementation method of the sixth step is as follows:
and (5) extracting reliable simulation parameters in the step five, establishing 4 kinds of mixed lattice structure finite element models of T1-T4 in the step three, and simulating to obtain bearing capacity curves of all structures.
8. The lattice structure optimization method based on the node rigidity gradient mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the implementation method of the seventh step is as follows:
a) energy absorption index calculation: calculating the bearing capacity efficiency (FEA) and the Energy Absorption (EA) of all structures from T0 to T4 according to the simulation result;
b) node stiffness gradient effectiveness: verifying the effectiveness of a node stiffness gradient mechanism by comparing deformation modes and energy absorption performances of all structures and connecting different node stiffness gradients of all structures;
c) and (4) optimizing the result: and selecting a hybrid lattice structure with the optimal energy absorption performance, and completing the optimization of the lattice structure based on a node rigidity gradient mechanism.
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| CN116608403A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-18 | 华中科技大学 | Lattice structure, medical implant and lattice structure manufacturing method |
| CN116608403B (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2024-02-02 | 华中科技大学 | Lattice structure, medical implant and lattice structure manufacturing method |
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