CN114509807A - Shallow stratum section structure detection system, detection method and application - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/64—Geostructures, e.g. in 3D data cubes
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine seismic data processing, and discloses a shallow bottom stratum profile structure detection system, a detection method and application. And generating sound waves through the surface voltage change of the piezoelectric sensor to detect the shallow stratum profile. The shallow stratum profile structure detection method comprises the following steps: transmitting signals by using the transducer; and (4) data acquisition, namely acquiring data by using a GPS. The shallow-bottom stratum profile structure detection system is provided with a portable deck unit processor; one end of the Ethernet connecting cable is connected to a USB Ethernet interface on the portable deck processor, and the other end of the Ethernet connecting cable is connected to a USB interface of the notebook computer. The portable deck unit processor is connected to the transducer via a transducer interface. The seismic source is more widely applied to the technical method for detecting the shallow stratum profile due to the unique generation mode and frequency, the unique frequency range and the high safety and practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine seismic data processing, and particularly relates to a shallow-bottom stratum profile structure detection system, a detection method and application.
Background
At present, the seismic sources used by marine seismic data acquisition systems are various, and the most commonly used seismic source is an elastic wave seismic source generated by the expansion of bubbles under water.
Reflection seismology is a geophysical prospecting method used to determine properties of a portion of the earth's subsurface, which are particularly useful information in the oil and gas industry. Marine reflection seismology is based on the use of controlled seismic sources that send energy waves into the subsurface. By measuring the time it takes for reflections to return to multiple receivers, the depth and/or composition of the features causing such reflections can be estimated. These characteristics may be associated with subsurface hydrocarbon deposits.
For marine applications, the seismic source is essentially impulsive (e.g., compressed air can suddenly expand). One of the most common seismic sources is the air gun. The air gun generates a large amount of sound energy in a short time. Such sources are towed by a vessel at the surface or at a depth. The sound waves from the airgun travel in all directions. A typical frequency range of the emitted sound waves is between 6Hz and 300 Hz. However, the frequency content of the impulsive sources is not fully controllable and different sources are selected depending on the needs of a particular survey. In addition, the use of impulsive sources may pose certain safety and environmental concerns.
Marine vibrators generate long tones of varying frequency (i.e., swept frequencies). This signal is applied to a moving part, such as a piston, to generate corresponding seismic waves. The instantaneous pressure generated by the movement of the plurality of pistons corresponding to the plurality of marine vibrators may be lower than the instantaneous pressure generated by the airgun array, but the total acoustic energy transmitted by the marine vibrators may be similar to the energy of the airgun array due to the extended duration of the signal. However, such sources require a frequency sweep in order to obtain the required energy.
Two flextensional vibrators (low and high frequencies) activated by an electromechanical actuator and emitting seismic energy at two different depths during a sweep are disclosed in U.S. patent application publication No. 20100118647a1 entitled "method for optimizing energy output from a seismic vibrator array," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The vibrator is driven by sweeping frequency signals, each signal having a different selected frequency response. Signals such as the longest sequences (MLS) or Gold Sequences (GS) are also used to drive the vibrators. However, the drive signals in this document do not take into account various physical constraints of the seismic vibrator or the medium in which the vibrator operates.
The non-linear sweep is described in U.S. patent No. 6,942,059B2 entitled composite bandwidth marine vibroseis array (composite and width marine vibrator array), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This document discloses a method for seismic marine surveying using vibrator sources (vibramosources), each of which is placed at a different depth. By dividing the seismic bandwidth over a number of different bandwidths, the vibrator source exhibits a seismic energy level comparable to that of an airgun array (single depth). Each bandwidth is generated by the vibrator array using a non-linear sweep in order to maximize the output energy. However, this document does not take into account the various physical constraints of the marine vibroseis array when determining the sweep.
A sweep design method for a seismic land vibrator is also disclosed in U.S. patent No. 7,327,633 entitled "system and method for enhancing low-frequency components in vibroseis acquisition," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The patent discloses a method for optimizing the sweep signal strength by taking into account the individual physical properties of the seismic land vibrator, i.e., the stroke limit of the seismic vibrator assembly. A non-linear scan is obtained in order to establish a scan spectral density to achieve a target spectrum in the low frequency range. However, other physical properties of seismic land vibrators, which limit the operation of land vibrators, are not considered. In addition, this patent is directed to a land vibrator, which is different from a marine vibrator.
A higher end scan design method is disclosed in U.S. patent application No. 12/576,804 entitled "system and method for determining a frequency sweep for seismic analysis," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This approach takes into account not only the plate stroke limit, but also other limitations of the land vibrator, such as pump flow limit and servo valve flow limit. However, this method is for a land vibrator, which has different characteristics from a marine vibrator, and the method does not take into account specific characteristics of the water environment.
To solve the above problem, the prior patent provides a method for determining a drive signal of a vibro-acoustic source element configured to generate acoustic waves in water, the method comprising:
estimating at least one physical constraint of the vibro-acoustic source element;
modeling a ghost function determined through the water surface;
setting a target spectral density to be emitted by the vibro-acoustic source element during the drive signal; and determining the drive signal in a controller based on the at least one physical limitation condition, the ghost function, and the target spectral density.
Wherein the vibro-acoustic source element has an electromagnetic actuator configured to actuate a piston.
Wherein the at least one physical limitation comprises a combination of one or more of: a maximum displacement of the piston, a maximum velocity of the piston, a maximum current of a drive mechanism driving the electromagnetic actuator, and a maximum voltage of the drive mechanism.
Wherein the at least one physical limitation condition includes a maximum displacement of the piston, a maximum velocity of the piston, a maximum current of a drive mechanism driving the electromagnetic actuator, and a maximum voltage of the drive mechanism. Further comprising: and determining the operation domain of the vibration and sound source element as the intersection point of a maximum displacement curve, a maximum speed curve, a maximum current curve and a maximum voltage curve.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) in the prior art, a chemical blasting seismic source has the characteristics of transient pulse energy, wide frequency width and low frequency band, the frequency spectrum and the main frequency move to the low frequency band along with the increase of explosive quantity, and the waveform does not change along with water depth in principle. But the disadvantages are also obvious, the application is inconvenient and has certain dangerousness.
(2) In the prior art, the range of signals generated by an electric spark seismic source is 50-500HZ, and the frequency range is narrow.
(3) In the prior art, the establishment of an air gun seismic source and an air gun array is complex and high in cost.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: how to generate a seismic source with enough energy and make the frequency of the seismic source controllable according to the detection requirement. Meanwhile, the pollution and the danger are as small as possible, and the operation is convenient and practical.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: before detection, the submarine geology of the area can be deduced according to the existing geological data, and a seismic source with proper frequency and energy is selected, so that the effect of accurate energy conservation is achieved. Another significance of this arrangement is that the resolution can be made as high as possible, depending on the expected geology. In addition, the scheme also has the effect of safety and energy conservation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a shallow ground layer profile structure detection system and a detection method thereof. In particular to a shallow bottom stratum profile structure detection system and a detection method based on a Chirp shallow profile instrument.
The technical scheme is as follows: the shallow stratum profile structure detection method comprises the following steps: generating sound waves through the surface voltage change of the piezoelectric sensor, wherein the sound waves are reflected at the interface between the sea and the seabed and each geological stratification plane of the seabed; and receiving the generated echo information through the transducer, analyzing and detecting the shallow stratum section.
In one embodiment, the shallow profile is detected by: deducing the seabed geology of a certain area according to the geological data of the area, and selecting a seismic source with proper frequency and energy.
In one embodiment, the shallow stratum profile structure detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1, transmitting signals by using an energy converter;
and 2, acquiring data by using a GPS.
In one embodiment, in the step 1 of transmitting signals by using the transducer, the following steps are performed:
setting Serial Devices under the Setup menu bar according to the data and the actual situation;
setting Ping Rate, TVG, Draft, Phase, Overlap, Sound Speed, Tracing Gate and Tx Blanking under the control menu bar according to the data and the actual situation;
Ping Rate：100ms；
tracing Gate: tracking gates tracking a datum from the current datum, based on topographic relief, set to 1-2m if flat, set if not flat
2m；
The ship speed is 4-6 sections;
tx Blanking: how many meters below the recording is started.
In one embodiment, in the step 2 data acquisition, marking is performed by Fix Mark.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a shallow ground profile structure detection system, provided with a portable deck unit processor;
one end of the Ethernet connecting cable is connected to a USB Ethernet interface on the portable deck processor, and the other end of the Ethernet connecting cable is connected to a USB interface of the notebook computer.
The portable deck unit processor is connected to the transducer via a transducer interface.
In one embodiment, the USB ethernet interface includes: a CH1 ANALOG OUT interface for channel 1 ANALOG output;
a CH2 ANALOG OUT interface for channel 2 ANALOG output;
SYNC IN interface, is used for the synchronous input;
and the SYNC OUT interface is used for synchronous output.
In one embodiment, the transducer interface comprises: a CH1 TRANSOUCER channel 1 transducer interface for connecting a 12kHz transducer;
a CH2 TRANSOUCER channel 2 transducer interface for connecting a 3.5kHz transducer;
and the DC INPUT interface is used for connecting a DC power supply.
In one embodiment, the transducers are placed in racks and then placed in the water or strapped to the side of a ship.
The invention also aims to provide an application of the shallow stratum profile structure detection method in offshore oil and gas detection.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the invention generates sound waves through the surface voltage change of the piezoelectric sensor, and has better safety compared with a chemical blasting seismic source. Compared with an air gun seismic source, the method is simple to operate, the requirements on ships and other hardware are low, meanwhile, the method is directionally applied to the recording of the high-resolution opportunistic section, and compared with other methods, the seismic image generated by the technical method is high in resolution.
The generation mode and frequency of the seismic source are unique, the unique frequency range and the high safety and practicability enable the seismic source to be more widely applied to the technical method for detecting the shallow stratum section.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bottom-formation profile detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a USB ethernet interface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transducer interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a portable deck unit processor; 2. an Ethernet connection cable; 3. a USB Ethernet interface; 3-1, CH1 ANALOG OUT interface; 3-2, CH2 ANALOG OUT interface; 3-3, SYNC IN interface; 3-4, SYNC OUT interface; 4. a notebook computer; 5. a transducer interface; 5-1, CH1 transport channel 1 transducer interface; 5-2, CH2 transport channel 2 transducer interface; 5-3, a DC INPUT interface; 6. a transducer; 7. and (5) a shelf.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a shallow stratum section structure detection method, which comprises the following steps: and generating sound waves through the surface voltage change of the piezoelectric sensor to detect the shallow stratum profile.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a shallow ground profile detection system, which is provided with a portable deck unit processor 1;
one end of an Ethernet connecting cable 2 is connected to a USB Ethernet interface 3 on the portable on-board processor 1, and the other end of the Ethernet connecting cable is connected to a USB interface of a notebook computer 4.
The portable deck unit processor 1 is connected to a transducer 6 via a transducer interface 5.
In a preferred embodiment, the USB ethernet interface 3 includes: a CH1 ANALOG OUT interface 3-1 for channel 1 ANALOG output;
a CH2 ANALOG OUT interface 3-2 for channel 2 ANALOG output;
SYNC IN interface 3-3, used for synchronous input;
and SYNC OUT interfaces 3-4 for synchronous output.
In a preferred embodiment, the transducer interface 5 comprises: the CH1 TRANSOUCER channel 1 transducer interface 5-1 is used for connecting a 12kHz transducer;
CH2 TRANSOUCER channel 2 transducer interface 5-2 for interfacing with a 3.5kHz transducer;
and the DC INPUT interface 5-3 is used for connecting a DC power supply.
In a preferred embodiment, the transducers 6 are placed in shelves 7 and then placed in the water or strapped to the side of a ship.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the system connection and start-up embodiment.
Examples
System connection and start-up
(1) Opening the portable deck unit processor box at a safe and stable place, and then seeing the matched notebook computer and the portable deck unit processor;
the interface connected with the GPS can be seen from the side surface of the notebook computer;
seen on both sides of the portable deck uniprocessor:
the left side is:
a USB Ethernet interface;
ANALOG output of CH1 ANALOG OUT channel 1;
ANALOG output of CH2 ANALOG OUT channel 2;
SYNC IN synchronous input;
and SYNC OUT is synchronously output.
The right side is:
CH1 TRANSOUCER channel 1 transducer interface connected with 12kHz transducer
CH2 TRANSOUCER channel 2 transducer interface connected with 3.5kHz transducer
A DC INPUT DC INPUT interface.
(2) One end of the Ethernet connecting cable is connected to an Ethernet interface on the motherboard processor, and the other end of the Ethernet connecting cable is connected to a USB interface of the notebook computer.
(3) The voltage range of the DC power supply is 18-30V, preferably 24V, and one end of the power supply cable is connected to the portable methyl processor, and the other end is connected with a 24V DC power supply.
(4) The portable plate processor is connected with a transducer, and the transducer is placed in water (can be tied to the side of a ship) after being placed in a frame.
(5) Connecting a notebook computer, a GPS and a portable motherboard processor, connecting a power supply of the notebook computer after the portable motherboard processor and the transducer, and checking whether the power supply used by the processor and the notebook computer is proper;
(6) after the connection of the parts is checked, a power switch on the portable methyl plate processor is pressed.
(7) And starting the notebook computer, and double-clicking the EchoControl icon of the Chirp 3210 system software Soundersite to enter an interface.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the system operation.
System operation
1. Is provided with
1) Transmit is set to on, make the transducer transmit the signal;
2) setting Serial Devices (on Server) … under the Setup menu bar according to the data and actual situation;
3) setting Ping Rate, TVG, Draft, Phase, Overlap, Sound Speed, Tracing Gate, Tx Blanking, etc. under the control menu bar according to the data and the actual situation;
ping Rate: 100ms means 100ms once, i.e. 10 times in 1 second;
tracing Gate: a tracking gate, tracking a data from the current data, which may be set to 1-2m if flat or larger if not flat, according to the topography;
the ship speed can be 4-6 sections;
tx Blanking: indicating how many meters or less the recording is started.
2. Data acquisition
1) Setting a GPS;
2) clicking the Start Line in the Recording menu bar, starting Recording and collecting data;
3) and clicking Fix Mark to Mark.
4) And selecting a file to be played back, and opening for viewing. And simultaneously clicking Depth Chart and Ping Chart under the View menu bar to View. The corresponding functions are realized through the function keys of playback, fast forward, step forward, fast backward, step backward, pause and stop.
This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims. It will be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A shallow stratum profile structure detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps: generating sound waves through the surface voltage change of the piezoelectric sensor, wherein the sound waves are reflected at the interface between the sea and the seabed and each geological stratification plane of the seabed;
and receiving the generated echo information through the transducer, analyzing and detecting the shallow stratum section.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein before detecting the shallow profile, the submarine geology is deduced according to the geological data of the area, and the seismic source with proper frequency and energy is selected.
3. The shallow stratigraphic section structure detection method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
step 1, transmitting signals by using an energy converter;
and 2, acquiring data by using a GPS.
4. The shallow stratum profile structure detection method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step 1, when the transducer is used for signal transmission, the following steps are carried out:
setting Serial Devices under the Setup menu bar according to the data and the actual situation;
setting Ping Rate, TVG, Draft, Phase, Overlap, Sound Speed, Tracing Gate and Tx Blanking under the control menu bar according to the data and the actual situation;
Ping Rate：100ms；
tracing Gate: tracking gates tracking a datum from the current datum, based on topographic relief, set to 1-2m if flat, set if not flat
2m；
The ship speed is 4-6 sections;
tx Blanking: how many meters below the recording is started.
5. The shallow stratigraphic profile structure detection method of claim 3, characterized in that in the step 2 data acquisition, marking is performed by Fix Mark.
6. A shallow stratum profile structure detection system for implementing the shallow stratum profile structure detection method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the shallow stratum profile structure detection system is provided with a portable deck unit processor;
one end of the Ethernet connecting cable is connected with a USB Ethernet interface on the portable deck processor, and the other end of the Ethernet connecting cable is connected with a USB interface of the notebook computer;
the portable deck unit processor is connected to the transducer via a transducer interface.
7. The shallow stratigraphic section structure detection system of claim 6, characterized in that the USB Ethernet interface comprises: a CH1 ANALOG OUT interface for channel 1 ANALOG output;
a CH2 ANALOG OUT interface for channel 2 ANALOG output;
SYNC IN interface, is used for the synchronous input;
and the SYNC OUT interface is used for synchronous output.
8. The shallow profile structure detection system of claim 7, wherein the transducer interface comprises: a CH1 TRANSOUCER channel 1 transducer interface for connecting a 12kHz transducer;
a CH2 TRANSOUCER channel 2 transducer interface for connecting to a 3.5kHz transducer;
and the DC INPUT interface is used for connecting a DC power supply.
9. The shallow bed profile structure detection system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the transducer is placed in a rack and then placed in the water or tied to the side of a ship.
10. Use of the shallow stratum profile structure detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in offshore oil and gas detection.
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