CN114509282B - Energy efficiency evaluation method and system for braking energy recovery system of hybrid electric vehicle based on whole vehicle working condition - Google Patents
Energy efficiency evaluation method and system for braking energy recovery system of hybrid electric vehicle based on whole vehicle working condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy efficiency evaluation method and an energy efficiency evaluation system for a brake energy recovery system of a hybrid electric vehicle based on a whole vehicle working condition. The invention has simple technical principle and lower technical cost, can completely shield the influence of the running power generation working condition of the multi-motor configuration on the test result in the deceleration process, and simultaneously calculates the wheel edge theoretical recovery energy by properly applying the simulation analysis means so as to quantitatively evaluate the energy efficiency level of the brake energy recovery system, so that the decomposition and acceptance of the fuel economy index of the whole vehicle are more perfect, and the invention can be more suitable for the planning requirement of the vehicle type with higher and higher electrification degree in the future.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of passenger car energy conservation, and particularly relates to an energy efficiency evaluation method and system of a braking energy recovery system of a hybrid electric vehicle based on the working condition of the whole vehicle.
Background
With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the national and market requirements on the automobile oil consumption are increasingly strict, related oil consumption standards are issued and implemented successively, and the policy and standard friendliness of the new energy automobile are high through analysis. For the energy-saving effect of the hybrid electric vehicle, the energy efficiency level of the braking energy recovery system is critical, and particularly as the future power assembly becomes more and more efficient, the oil-saving effect of the conventional power split working point focusing becomes smaller and smaller, and the braking energy recovery system becomes more important. However, the energy efficiency evaluation of the conventional braking energy recovery system is particularly based on the actual vehicle evaluation of the whole vehicle environment, so that the problems of driving power generation data interference, difficulty in testing a recovery motor and the like exist, the evaluation work of the braking energy recovery system based on the whole vehicle environment in the development of the vehicle type project cannot be carried out or large data deviation exists, the fuel economy development risk of the vehicle type project is increased, and therefore, how to solve the problems is becoming a serious difficulty in the fuel economy development of the hybrid electric vehicle, and the controllable degree of the whole vehicle performance development risk of the vehicle type is directly determined.
One of the prior arts (CN 202010002485 electric commercial vehicle braking energy recovery evaluation method) does not consider the proportional relation between wheel side recovery energy and engine power generation energy in the braking process, so that the latter generates interference in the statistical energy, and the calculation result is inaccurate; meanwhile, the transmission efficiency problem is not considered in the calculation process of the energy recovery utilization rate, and the calculation result is not accurate enough.
In the second prior art (CN 110441072A, a system and a method for testing and evaluating braking energy recovery of a hybrid vehicle), the relation among driving power generation, recovery power generation and deceleration power generation in the deceleration process is not considered, and the related factors such as an energy recovery control strategy, efficiency of a recovery motor and the like are not comprehensively considered, so that the calculation result is inaccurate.
Meanwhile, the existing test method for evaluating the energy efficiency of the braking energy recovery system of the existing hybrid electric vehicle is difficult to completely shield the driving power generation data interference for a single motor and a double-motor scheme with higher integration level, for example, the error of an evaluation result is larger due to the fact that the engine is connected with a generator and a power battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the calculation result is not accurate enough in the prior art, the invention provides the energy efficiency evaluation method and the system for the braking energy recovery system of the hybrid electric vehicle based on the whole vehicle working condition, so that the vehicle type project can evaluate and check the energy efficiency technical level of the braking energy recovery system more accurately in the actual vehicle verification stage, thereby adapting to the development requirement of the fuel economy of the hybrid electric vehicle and further improving the performance and quality of products.
The invention discloses an energy efficiency evaluation method of a hybrid electric vehicle braking energy recovery system based on a whole vehicle working condition, which comprises the following steps of:
according to the stored energy E of the power battery obtained from the test equipment in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition REESS And the DC converter consumes energy E DCDC Calculating the power generation energy E based on the test equipment in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition; the test device may be a power analyzer, but is not limited thereto, and the calculation method includes:
E＝E REESS +E DCDC
I R,i 、I R,i-1 : respectively t acquired from test equipment in the deceleration process of the vehicle under comprehensive working conditions i Time sum t i-1 The bus feedback current of the power battery at the moment is expressed as ampere (A);
U R,i 、U R,i-1 : respectively the vehicles are atT obtained from test equipment in deceleration process under comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 The voltage at two ends of the power battery at the moment is in volts (V);
I D,i 、I D,i-1 : t acquired from test equipment in vehicle deceleration process under comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 Time DCDC bus current in amperes (A)
U D,i 、U D,i-1 : t acquired from test equipment in vehicle deceleration process under comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 The voltage across DCDC at time in volts (V)
t i Time sum t i-1 Time of day: respectively sampling time points of two adjacent vehicles in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, wherein the unit is second(s);
t start、 t end : the starting time and the ending time of sampling in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition are respectively shown in seconds(s);
the comprehensive working condition is a specified test vehicle speed curve, which specifies the vehicle speed and the acceleration at each moment in the test process, including NEDC, WLTC, CLTC (Chinese working condition).
The generated energy E is the total generated energy of all motors in the deceleration stage, and the total generated energy finally flows to the two parts of the energy storage device and the energy consumption device, namely the feedback power or the reserve energy E of the power battery in the deceleration stage REESS And DC converter consuming power or energy E DCDC 。
Based on the stored energy E of the power battery during the deceleration of the vehicle under the integrated condition, which is read from the ECU INCA,REESS And energy E consumed by the DC converter INCA,DCDC Calculating ECU-based power generation energy E in vehicle deceleration process under comprehensive working condition INCA The ECU data may be collected by INCA software, but is not limited to this, and the calculation method includes:
E INCA ＝E INCA,REESS +E INCA,DCDC
I INCA,R,i 、I INCA,R,i-1 : respectively t in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 The feedback current of the bus of the power battery is obtained from the ECU at the moment, and the unit is ampere (A);
I INCA,D,i 、I INCA,D,i-1 : t in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 DCDC bus current obtained from ECU at time in amperes (A)
U INCA,R,i 、U INCA,R,i-1 : respectively t in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 The voltage at two ends of the power battery obtained from the ECU at the moment is in volts (V);
U INCA,D,i 、U INCA,D,i-1 : t in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 The voltage at two ends of DCDC obtained from the ECU at the moment is in volts (V);
t INCA,i time sum t INCA,i-1 Time of day: respectively sampling time points of two adjacent vehicles in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, wherein the unit is second(s);
the recovery energy E of the power generation energy of all the motors participating in the recovery of the braking energy during the deceleration of the vehicle under the integrated condition, which is read from the ECU INCA,N And the calculated generating energy E based on ECU data in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition INCA Calculating a recovery energy ratio a in the generated energy based on the ECU in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition N The calculation method comprises the following steps:
a N ＝E INCA,N ÷E INCA
n, the number of motors involved in braking energy recovery; because part of the electricity generated by the motor is derived from the electricity recovered by the wheel and the other part of the electricity is derived from the engine, the electric quantity recovered by the wheel is required to be obtained by reading the data in the ECU, and the electric quantity of the part of the motor derived from the engine is removed, namely, only the quantity of the part of the motor participating in braking energy recovery is counted;
I k,i 、I k,i-1 : the motors t with the numbers of k participating in braking energy recovery in the decelerating process of the vehicle under comprehensive working conditions i Time sum t i-1 Time bus feedback current, k E [1, n ]]The unit is ampere (A);
U k,i 、U k,i-1 : the motors t with the numbers of k participating in braking energy recovery in the decelerating process of the vehicle under comprehensive working conditions i Time sum t i-1 The voltage across the time, k.epsilon.1, n]In volts (V);
t i time sum t i-1 Time of day: respectively sampling time points of two adjacent vehicles in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, wherein the unit is second(s);
the power generation energy E based on the test equipment during the deceleration of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition and the recovery energy ratio a in the power generation energy based on the ECU data during the deceleration of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition are obtained according to the calculation N Obtaining actual recovered energy E of a braking energy recovery system in the process of decelerating a vehicle under comprehensive working conditions N The calculation method comprises the following steps:
E N ＝E*a N
according to the traction force F of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, the vehicle test mass TM, the acceleration a of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition and the vehicle sliding resistance coefficient, the energy demand E 'of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition is calculated, wherein the unit is watt-hour (Wh), and the calculation method of E' comprises the following steps:
When F i ＞0，E i ＝0；
When F i ≤0，E i ＝F i ×d i
F i : from t of vehicle i-1 From time to t i The traction force at the moment is expressed as the following formula, wherein the unit is cow (N)
d i ：t i-1 From time to t i The distance travelled by the vehicle at the moment is expressed as the following formula in meters (m)
V i 、V i-1 : respectively corresponding to the vehicle under the working condition curve at t i Time t i-1 The actual vehicle speed corresponding to the moment is in kilometers per hour (km/h);
TM: vehicle servicing Mass with fixed Loading, enterprises can also design themselves according to test conditions, in kilograms (kg)
f 0 、f 1 、f 2 The coefficient of the sliding resistance of the vehicle under the corresponding working condition can be obtained through the virtual simulation of the sliding resistance of the whole vehicle or the road test of the sliding resistance of the whole vehicle, and the units are N, N/(km/h) and N/(km/h) respectively 2 ；
a i From t of vehicle i-1 From time to t i The acceleration at the moment is expressed as the following formula (m/s) 2 )；
t i Time sum t i-1 Time of day: respectively sampling time points of two adjacent vehicles in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, wherein the unit is second(s);
the actual vehicle speed is adopted in the calculation, but not the corresponding target vehicle speed in the comprehensive working condition, so that the calculation problem can be more accurate, because the judgment in the deceleration process is based on the actual vehicle speed, the calculation of the theoretical recovered energy of the wheel edge can be kept consistent with the calculation boundary of the actual recovered energy based on the actual vehicle speed.
Calculating theoretical recovered energy E of wheel edge according to energy demand E' of vehicle in deceleration process under comprehensive working condition ideal The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The theoretical recovery energy E of the wheel edge ideal The method also comprises the step of correcting the theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta of the wheel edge by using the theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta of the wheel edge, wherein the theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta of the wheel edge is used for correcting energy loss caused by transmission efficiency problems, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
E ideal ＝E’*η
η: the correction coefficient of the theoretical recovery energy efficiency of wheel edge can be calibrated;
recovering energy E according to the calculated wheel rim theory ideal And the calculated actual recovered energy E of the braking energy recovery system during the deceleration of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition N Calculating the energy efficiency eta of a braking energy recovery system of a vehicle N The calculation method comprises the following steps:
η N ＝E N ÷E ideal
the invention provides a system for evaluating the energy efficiency of a hybrid electric vehicle braking energy recovery system based on the working condition of a whole vehicle, which comprises a power generation energy E calculation module based on test equipment and power generation energy E based on an ECU INCA Calculation module, and recovery energy ratio a in generated energy based on ECU N Calculation module, actual recovered energy E of braking energy recovery system N Calculation module, energy demand E' calculation module and wheel theoretical recovered energy E ideal The energy efficiency calculation module of the braking energy recovery system;
the power generation energy E calculation module based on the test equipment is used for storing energy E of a power battery in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition according to the vehicle acquired on the test equipment REESS And a DC converterEnergy consumption E DCDC Calculating the power generation energy E based on the test equipment in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition;
the ECU-based power generation energy E INCA The calculation module is used for storing energy E of the power battery in the process of decelerating the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition according to the vehicle speed reading from the ECU INCA,REESS And energy E consumed by the DC converter INCA,DCDC Calculating ECU-based power generation energy E in vehicle deceleration process under comprehensive working condition INCA ；
The recovery energy ratio a of the generated energy based on the ECU N The calculation module is used for recovering energy E in the power generation energy of all motors participating in braking energy recovery in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition according to the information read from the ECU INCA,N And the calculated generating energy E based on ECU data in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition INCA Calculating a recovery energy ratio a in the generated energy based on the ECU in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition N ；
The actual recovered energy E of the braking energy recovery system N The calculation module is used for obtaining the power generation energy E based on the test equipment in the vehicle deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition and the recovery energy duty ratio a in the power generation energy based on the ECU data in the vehicle deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition according to the calculation N Obtaining actual recovered energy E of a braking energy recovery system in the process of decelerating a vehicle under comprehensive working conditions N ；
The energy demand E 'calculation module is used for calculating the energy demand E' of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition according to the traction force F of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, the vehicle test mass TM, the acceleration a of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition and the vehicle sliding resistance coefficient;
the theoretical recovery energy E of the wheel edge ideal The calculation module is used for calculating theoretical recovered energy E of wheel edges according to energy requirement E' of the vehicle in the deceleration process under comprehensive working conditions ideal ；
The braking energy recovery system energy efficiency calculation module is used for recovering energy according to the wheel rim theoryE ideal Wheel edge theoretical recovery energy E calculated by calculation module ideal And the actual recovered energy E of the braking energy recovery system N Actual recovered energy E of braking energy recovery system calculated by calculation module in vehicle deceleration process under comprehensive working condition N Calculating the energy efficiency eta of a braking energy recovery system of a vehicle N 。
Further, the wheel edge theory recovers energy E ideal The calculation module further comprises a wheel theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta calibration module, wherein the wheel theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta is used for correcting energy loss caused by transmission efficiency problems and is used for recovering energy E for the wheel theoretical ideal Correction is performed.
Further, the wheel edge theory recovers energy E ideal The vehicle total energy demand module is used for calculating the total energy demand E' of the vehicle according to the traction force F, the distance d, the actual speed and acceleration of the vehicle, the vehicle test mass and the vehicle sliding resistance coefficient in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition.
Further, the vehicle total energy demand module further comprises a vehicle speed acquisition module for acquiring real-time vehicle speeds of the vehicle under different comprehensive working conditions.
Further, the total energy demand module of the vehicle further comprises a traction calculation module and a vehicle driving distance calculation module, wherein the traction calculation module is used for calculating traction of the vehicle during sampling according to actual vehicle speed and acceleration of the vehicle at a plurality of sampling moments; the vehicle travel distance calculation module is used for calculating the travel distance of the vehicle during sampling.
Further, the ECU-based power generation energy E INCA The calculation module further comprises a first current acquisition module and a first voltage acquisition module, wherein the first current acquisition module is used for acquiring power battery bus feedback current and direct current converter (DCDC) bus current in the vehicle deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition from the ECU; the first voltage acquisition module is used for acquiring voltages at two ends of the power battery and the direct current converter in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition from the ECU.The first current acquisition module and the first voltage acquisition module may be integrated on an automobile calibration tool, which may be INCA software.
Further, the power generation energy E calculation module based on the test equipment further comprises a second current sampling module and a second voltage sampling module, wherein the second current sampling module is used for collecting feedback current of a power battery bus and current of a DCDC (direct current converter) bus in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition; the second voltage sampling module is used for collecting voltages at two ends of a power battery and voltages at two ends of a DCDC (direct current DC) in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition; the second current acquisition module and the second voltage acquisition module may be integrated on a test device, which may be a power analyzer.
The method and the system supplement the method for evaluating the efficiency of the braking energy recovery system of the hybrid electric vehicle, can completely shield the influence of the driving power generation working condition of the multi-motor configuration on the test result in the deceleration process (the single motor cannot distinguish the braking recovery energy, the double motors cannot directly measure the participation recovery motor), and meanwhile, the simulation analysis means is properly utilized to calculate the wheel edge theory recovery energy so as to quantitatively evaluate the energy efficiency level of the braking energy recovery system, the evaluation process is scientific and reasonable, the decomposing and checking work of the fuel economy index of the whole vehicle is more perfect, and the vehicle type planning requirement of the future higher and higher electrification degree can be more adapted; although the method is a work supplement for checking and accepting the original fuel economy system level index, all works can be completed within one day without affecting the original working period; meanwhile, the method is simple in technical principle and low in technical cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the power analyzer station connection in the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is presented to explain the claimed invention and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the claimed invention. The scope of the invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. It is also within the scope of the invention to include the claims of the present invention as made by those skilled in the art, rather than the following detailed description.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
One embodiment of the method of the present invention is described below in conjunction with fig. 2.
Step 1, test preparation: vehicle preparation and equipment commissioning
In the method for evaluating the energy efficiency of the braking energy recovery system of the hybrid electric vehicle, the real vehicle test is an indispensable step, standardized vehicle preparation and equipment debugging are required before the test starts so as to ensure objectivity of the test result, meanwhile, the difference of a plurality of test results is smaller, the consistency of the test result is ensured, the specific content comprises standardization of vehicle mileage, engine oil, tires and a heat engine, in the embodiment, the vehicle mileage is preferably [3000km, 15000km ], the engine oil is preferably at the position of two thirds, the recommended wear degree of the tires is within 30%, the tire pressure is recommended by manufacturers, the heat engine is recommended to travel at a constant speed of 90km/h for 20min so that the water temperature of the engine is kept at about 90 ℃, and different enterprises can perform test control boundary expansion on the basis so as to ensure the representativeness of the test result.
Step 2, testing vehicle performance: brake recovery energy test under integrated conditions
The step is a recovered energy test under comprehensive working conditions (such as WLTC and CLTC), and mainly aims to test the energy recovery capacity of the deceleration section based on any working condition, and comprises two parts of connection of test equipment and recovered energy test, which are described in detail below.
Step 2.1 test equipment connection
The braking energy recovery test is in this embodiment an electric power based test requiring a test by means of an apparatus, which in this embodiment is a power analyzer, but is not limited thereto. Although various hybrid power configurations such as a single motor and a double motor exist in the market, for the test of the recovered energy in the deceleration stage, the test device comprises an energy storage device and an energy consumption device, namely, the feedback power of a power battery and the DCDC consumption power in the deceleration stage are measured, the current common serial-parallel double motor configuration in the market is taken as an example, and the connection schematic diagram of the measuring points of the power analyzer is shown in fig. 3. The black dots in the figure show two measuring points of the power analyzer, respectively measuring bus current and voltage of the power battery and the DCDC.
Step 2.2 recovery energy test
The method comprises the steps of opening a vehicle to a chassis dynamometer of a whole vehicle ring model test room, and running the vehicle under constant-speed working conditions through the chassis dynamometer so as to fully preheat the vehicle and adjust the SOC of a power battery, wherein the water temperature of the engine is maintained in a set temperature range, the set temperature range is [80 ℃,100 ℃ and preferably 90 ℃, the SOC of the power battery is maintained in a set range, and the set range of the SOC is [60%,70% and preferably 65%; in the test, the factors such as engine warm-up, the shortest running time of the engine, the too low SOC and the like are reduced as much as possible to trigger the running power generation working condition so as to reduce the influence on the statistical data of the recovered energy.
After the work is completed, the energy recovery test of the vehicle in the deceleration process of the comprehensive working conditions (WLTC and CLTC) can be started, and the bus current and the bus voltage of the power battery and the DCDC are recorded through a power analyzer in the test process.
In the embodiment, the ECU reads and collects data of a plurality of driving motors participating in braking energy recovery, so that the part for recovering and generating electricity is counted; and combining the bus current and the bus voltage of the total power battery and the DCDC to obtain the recovery energy ratio a in the generated energy based on the ECU data N Then this ratio a N Multiplying the sum of the reserve energy of the power battery and the DCDC consumption energy measured by the power analyzer, thereby obtaining the actual recovered energy. The ECU data can be collected by an automobile calibration tool, the automobile calibration tool can be INCA software, and the test can be carried out for a plurality of timesThe test was carried out while maintaining a sufficiently warmed-up state and an SOC of about 65%.
Step 3, test data processing: deceleration power generation energy calculation based on power analyzer
According to the stored energy E of the power battery obtained from the test equipment in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition REESS And the DC converter consumes energy E DCDC Calculating the power generation energy E based on the test equipment in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition; the test device may be a power analyzer, but is not limited thereto, and the calculation method includes:
E＝E REESS +E DCDC
I R,i 、I R,i-1 : respectively t acquired from test equipment in the deceleration process of the vehicle under comprehensive working conditions i Time sum t i-1 The bus feedback current of the power battery at the moment is expressed as ampere (A);
U R,i 、U R,i-1 : respectively t acquired from test equipment in the deceleration process of the vehicle under comprehensive working conditions i Time sum t i-1 The voltage at two ends of the power battery at the moment is in volts (V);
I D,i 、I D,i-1 : t acquired from test equipment in vehicle deceleration process under comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 Time DCDC bus current in amperes (A)
U D,i 、U D,i-1 : t acquired from test equipment in vehicle deceleration process under comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 The voltage across DCDC at time in volts (V)
t i Time sum t i-1 Time of day: respectively, the vehicle is decelerated under the comprehensive working conditionThe unit is second(s) for two adjacent sampling moments;
t start 、t end : the starting time and the ending time of sampling in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition are respectively shown in seconds(s);
step 4, calculating the power generation proportion based on the deceleration working condition of the ECU
Because the recovered energy measured by the power analyzer not only comprises the energy recovered by the wheel edge, but also comprises the power generation energy (from the engine to the generator to the power battery or DCDC) under the working condition of the running electricity generation in the deceleration process, the running electricity generation and the recovered electricity generation in the deceleration process are also required to be separated, the part of the running electricity generation is removed, only the part of the recovered electricity generation is reserved, the actually recovered electricity generation energy can be accurately calculated, and further the calculation of the energy efficiency of the braking energy recovery system is more accurate. In the actual test process, most hybrid vehicles are of a multi-motor configuration, and the data of each motor cannot be acquired through test equipment due to the design of high integration, so that the data of each motor can be acquired through the ECU in the technical scheme, and only the motors participating in braking energy recovery can be counted, namely only the energy for power generation is counted, and the energy for driving power generation is removed.
In this embodiment, the motors involved in braking energy recovery may be determined by a vehicle control strategy, through which motor the energy transmitted from the wheel passes to the battery and DCDC, i.e. determining which motors may be used to calculate the actual recovered energy is determined according to the vehicle control strategy; the control strategies of each enterprise are different, so that the motors participating in energy recovery can be known through the whole vehicle control strategy in the embodiment, and data of the motors are obtained.
The motor participating in braking energy recovery can also be determined by the working principle of the energy recovery system. In general, motors participating in braking energy recovery are motors closer to the wheel edge in mechanical layout, such as a double-motor serial-parallel configuration of the main stream in the market at present, the motors closer to the wheel edge are usually driving motors, and in the embodiment, the recovery energy of the motors is calculated mainly by counting the current and the voltage of the driving motors.
Based on the stored energy E of the power battery during the deceleration of the vehicle under the integrated condition, which is read from the ECU INCA,REESS And energy E consumed by the DC converter INCA,DCDC Calculating ECU-based power generation energy E in vehicle deceleration process under comprehensive working condition INCA The ECU data may be collected by INCA software, but is not limited to this, and the calculation method includes:
E INCA ＝E INCA,REESS +E INCA,DCDC
I INCA,R,i 、I INCA,R,i-1 : respectively t in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 The power battery bus feedback current obtained from the ECU at the moment, wherein the mode of obtaining the current from the ECU comprises the mode of obtaining through a sensor or obtaining through calculation, but is not limited to the mode, and the unit is ampere (A);
I INCA,D,i 、I INCA,D,i-1 : t in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 The DCDC bus current obtained from the ECU at the moment, the manner in which this current is obtained from the ECU includes, but is not limited to, that obtained by sensor acquisition or by calculation, in amperes (a)
U INCA,R,i 、U INCA,R,i-1 : respectively t in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 The voltage at two ends of the power battery is obtained from the ECU at the moment, and the mode of obtaining the current from the ECU comprises the mode of obtaining through a sensor or obtaining through calculation, but is not limited to the mode, and the unit is volt (V);
U INCA,D,i 、U INCA,D,i-1 : t in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 The voltage across the DCDC obtained from the ECU at the moment, and the mode of obtaining the current from the ECU comprise acquisition through a sensor or calculation, but are not limited to the mode, and the unit is volt (V);
t INCA,i time sum t INCA,i-1 Time of day: respectively sampling time points of two adjacent vehicles in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, wherein the unit is second(s);
The recovery energy E of the power generation energy of all the motors participating in the recovery of the braking energy during the deceleration of the vehicle under the integrated condition, which is read from the ECU INCA,N And the calculated generating energy E based on ECU data in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition INCA Calculating a recovery energy ratio a in the generated energy based on the ECU in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition N The calculation method comprises the following steps:
a N ＝E INCA,N ÷E INCA
n: the number of motors involved in braking energy recovery; because part of the electricity generated by the motor is derived from the electric energy recovered by the wheel, and the other part of the electricity is derived from the electric energy provided by the engine, the motor of the part of the generated electricity from the engine needs to be removed by reading the data in the ECU, namely, only the data of the motor of which the generated electricity is derived from the wheel recovery, namely, the part of the motor which participates in braking energy recovery are counted;
I k,i 、I k,i-1 : the motors t with the numbers of k participating in braking energy recovery in the decelerating process of the vehicle under comprehensive working conditions i Time sum t i-1 Time bus feedback current, k E [1, n ]]Means for obtaining this current from the ECU include, but are not limited to, acquisition by sensors or acquisition by calculation, in amperes (a);
U k,i 、U k,i-1 : the motors t with the numbers of k participating in braking energy recovery in the decelerating process of the vehicle under comprehensive working conditions i Time sum t i-1 The voltage across the time, k.epsilon.1, n]Means for obtaining this current from the ECU include, but are not limited to, acquisition by sensors or acquisition by calculations, in volts (V);
t i time sum t i-1 Time of day: respectively sampling time points of two adjacent vehicles in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, wherein the unit is second(s);
step 5, energy efficiency calculation of energy recovery system under comprehensive working condition
The power generation energy E based on the test equipment during the deceleration of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition and the recovery energy ratio a in the power generation energy based on the ECU data during the deceleration of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition are obtained according to the calculation N Obtaining actual recovered energy E of a braking energy recovery system in the process of decelerating a vehicle under comprehensive working conditions N The calculation method comprises the following steps:
E N ＝E*a N
according to the traction force F of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, the vehicle test mass TM, the acceleration a of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition and the vehicle sliding resistance coefficient, the energy demand E 'of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition is calculated, wherein the unit is watt-hour (Wh), and the calculation method of E' comprises the following steps:
when F i ＞0，E i ＝0；
When F i ≤0，E i ＝F i ×d i
F i : from t of vehicle i-1 From time to t i The traction force at the moment is expressed as the following formula, wherein the unit is cow (N)
d i ：t i-1 From time to t i Time of day vehicle travelThe driving distance is expressed as the following formula, and the unit is meter (m)
V i 、V i-1 : respectively corresponding to the vehicle under the working condition curve at t i Time t i-1 The actual vehicle speed corresponding to the moment is in kilometers per hour (km/h); the actual vehicle speed is adopted instead of the target vehicle speed under the corresponding working condition, so that the calculation result can be more accurate.
The calculation of the energy efficiency of the braking energy recovery system is characterized in that the calculation of the actual recovered energy and the calculation of the theoretical recovered energy are performed, wherein the actual recovered energy is the energy of the actual deceleration of the deceleration section in the recovery test process, if the theoretical recovered energy is calculated according to a target or standard vehicle speed curve, the situation that the calculation parameters of the theoretical recovered energy are inconsistent with those of the actual recovered energy is caused, and finally the calculation accuracy of the energy efficiency is affected, so that the calculation of the theoretical recovered energy should refer to the actual vehicle speed.
TM: vehicle servicing Mass with fixed load, in this embodiment 100kg, which enterprises may also design themselves in kilograms (kg) based on test conditions requirements
f 0 、f 1 、f 2 The coefficient of the sliding resistance of the vehicle under the corresponding working condition can be obtained through the virtual simulation of the sliding resistance of the whole vehicle or the road test of the sliding resistance of the whole vehicle, and the units are N, N/(km/h) and N/(km/h) respectively 2 ；
a i From t of vehicle i-1 From time to t i The acceleration at the moment is expressed as the following formula (m/s) 2 )；
t i Time sum t i-1 Time of day: respectively sampling time points of two adjacent vehicles in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, wherein the unit is second(s);
calculating theoretical recovered energy E of wheel edge according to energy demand E' of vehicle in deceleration process under comprehensive working condition ideal ；
The theoretical recovery energy E of the wheel edge ideal The method also comprises the step of correcting the theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta of the wheel edge by using the theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta of the wheel edge, wherein the theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta of the wheel edge is used for correcting energy loss caused by transmission efficiency problems, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
E ideal ＝E’*η
η: the correction coefficient of the theoretical recovery energy efficiency of the wheel is calibrated, the optimal range is [0.9,1], and 0.95 is selected in the embodiment;
recovering energy E according to the calculated wheel rim theory ideal And the calculated actual recovered energy E of the braking energy recovery system during the deceleration of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition N Calculating the energy efficiency eta of a braking energy recovery system of a vehicle N The calculation method comprises the following steps:
η N ＝E N ÷E ideal
so far, the energy efficiency eta of the braking energy recovery system of the hybrid electric vehicle based on the whole vehicle working condition is completed N The evaluation result can be used for physical verification evaluation work of the whole vehicle performance acceptance in vehicle type project development and test work of the racing vehicle type, and has good engineering application value and application prospect.
It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the foregoing embodiment does not mean that the execution sequence of each process should be determined by the function and the internal logic of each process, and should not limit the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application in any way.
A further embodiment of the present invention is described below in conjunction with FIG. 1, comprising a test-equipment-based generated energy E calculation module, and an ECU-based generated energy E INCA Calculation module, and recovery energy ratio a in generated energy based on ECU N Calculation module, actual recovered energy E of braking energy recovery system N Calculation module, energy demand E' calculation module and wheel theoretical recovered energy E ideal Calculation moduleThe energy efficiency calculation module of the block and braking energy recovery system;
the power generation energy E calculation module based on the test equipment is used for storing energy E of a power battery in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition according to the vehicle acquired on the test equipment REESS And the DC converter consumes energy E DCDC Calculating the power generation energy E based on the test equipment in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition;
the ECU-based power generation energy E INCA The calculation module is used for storing energy E of the power battery in the process of decelerating the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition according to the vehicle speed reading from the ECU INCA,REESS And energy E consumed by the DC converter INCA,DCDC Calculating ECU-based power generation energy E in vehicle deceleration process under comprehensive working condition INCA ；
The recovery energy ratio a of the generated energy based on the ECU N The calculation module is used for recovering energy E in the power generation energy of all motors participating in braking energy recovery in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition according to the information read from the ECU INCA,N And the calculated generating energy E based on ECU data in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition INCA Calculating a recovery energy ratio a in the generated energy based on the ECU in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition N ；
The actual recovered energy E of the braking energy recovery system N The calculation module is used for obtaining the power generation energy E based on the test equipment in the vehicle deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition and the recovery energy duty ratio a in the power generation energy based on the ECU data in the vehicle deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition according to the calculation N Obtaining actual recovered energy E of a braking energy recovery system in the process of decelerating a vehicle under comprehensive working conditions N ；
The energy demand E 'calculation module is used for calculating the energy demand E' of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition according to the traction force F of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, the vehicle test mass TM, the acceleration a of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition and the vehicle sliding resistance coefficient;
Theoretical recovery energy of wheel edgeE ideal The calculation module is used for calculating theoretical recovered energy E of wheel edges according to energy requirement E' of the vehicle in the deceleration process under comprehensive working conditions ideal ；
The braking energy recovery system energy efficiency calculation module is used for recovering energy E according to the wheel edge theory ideal Wheel edge theoretical recovery energy E calculated by calculation module ideal And the actual recovered energy E of the braking energy recovery system N Actual recovered energy E of braking energy recovery system calculated by calculation module in vehicle deceleration process under comprehensive working condition N Calculating the energy efficiency eta of a braking energy recovery system of a vehicle N 。
The theoretical recovery energy E of the wheel edge ideal The calculation module further comprises a wheel theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta calibration module, wherein the wheel theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta is used for correcting energy loss caused by transmission efficiency problems and is used for recovering energy E for the wheel theoretical ideal Correction is performed.
The theoretical recovery energy E of the wheel edge ideal The vehicle total energy demand module is used for calculating the total energy demand E' of the vehicle according to the traction force F, the distance d, the actual speed and acceleration of the vehicle, the vehicle test mass and the vehicle sliding resistance coefficient in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition.
The vehicle total energy demand module further comprises a vehicle speed acquisition module for acquiring real-time vehicle speeds of the vehicle under different comprehensive working conditions.
The vehicle total energy demand module further comprises a traction calculation module and a vehicle driving distance calculation module, wherein the traction calculation module is used for calculating traction of the vehicle during sampling according to actual vehicle speed and acceleration of the vehicle at a plurality of sampling moments; the vehicle driving distance calculation module is used for calculating the driving distance of the vehicle in the sampling period, and the sampling duration and the sampling frequency are determined by corresponding specific comprehensive working conditions.
The ECU-based power generation energy E INCA The computing module further comprises a first current acquisition module and a first voltage acquisition module, wherein the first current acquisition moduleThe block is used for acquiring power battery bus feedback current and direct current converter (DCDC) bus current of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition from the ECU; the first voltage acquisition module is used for acquiring voltages at two ends of the power battery and the direct current converter in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition from the ECU. The first current acquisition module and the first voltage acquisition module can be integrated on a calibration tool or software of the automobile controller, the current and voltage data can be acquired through a sensor or sent to the ECU after calculation, and then the current and voltage data are acquired from the ECU through the calibration tool or software of the automobile controller, and the calibration tool or software of the automobile controller can be INCA.
The power generation energy E calculation module based on the test equipment further comprises a second current sampling module and a second voltage sampling module, wherein the second current sampling module is used for collecting feedback current of a power battery bus and current of a DCDC (direct current converter) bus in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition; the second voltage sampling module is used for collecting voltages at two ends of a power battery and voltages at two ends of a DCDC (direct current DC) in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition; the second current acquisition module and the second voltage acquisition module may be integrated on a test device, which may be a power analyzer.
What is not described in detail in this specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The method for evaluating the energy efficiency of the braking energy recovery system of the hybrid electric vehicle based on the whole vehicle working condition is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
according to the stored energy E of the power battery obtained from the test equipment in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition REESS And the DC converter consumes energy E DCDC Calculating the power generation energy E based on the test equipment in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition;
based on the stored energy E of the power battery obtained from the ECU during the deceleration of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition INCA,REESS And energy E consumed by the DC converter INCA,DCDC Calculating the reduction of the vehicle under the comprehensive working conditionECU-based generated energy E in a fast process INCA ；
The recovery energy E of the power generation energy of all the motors participating in the recovery of the braking energy during the deceleration of the vehicle under the integrated condition, which is read from the ECU INCA,N And the calculated generating energy E based on ECU data in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition INCA Calculating a recovery energy ratio a in the generated energy based on the ECU in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition N ；
The power generation energy E based on the test equipment during the deceleration of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition and the recovery energy ratio a in the power generation energy based on the ECU data during the deceleration of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition are obtained according to the calculation N Obtaining actual recovered energy E of a braking energy recovery system in the process of decelerating a vehicle under comprehensive working conditions N ；
Calculating an energy demand E' of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition according to the traction force F of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, the vehicle test mass TM, the acceleration a of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition and the vehicle sliding resistance coefficient;
calculating theoretical recovered energy E of wheel edge according to energy demand E' of vehicle in deceleration process under comprehensive working condition ideal ；
Recovering energy E according to the calculated wheel rim theory ideal And the calculated actual recovered energy E of the braking energy recovery system during the deceleration of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition N Calculating the energy efficiency eta of a braking energy recovery system of a vehicle N 。
2. The method for evaluating the energy efficiency of the braking energy recovery system of the hybrid electric vehicle based on the whole vehicle working condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wheel rim theory recovered energy E ideal The method also comprises the step of correcting the theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta of the wheel, wherein the theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta of the wheel is used for correcting energy loss caused by transmission efficiency problems.
3. As claimed inThe method for evaluating the energy efficiency of the braking energy recovery system of the hybrid electric vehicle based on the working condition of the whole vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the energy E is recovered by the wheel edge theory of the braking energy recovery system in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition ideal The calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
wherein:
t start 、t end : the starting time and the ending time of sampling in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition are respectively shown in seconds(s);
η: recovering an energy efficiency correction coefficient by wheel edge theory;
E i : from t of vehicle i-1 From time to t i Total energy demand at a time in watts (Ws).
4. The method for evaluating the energy efficiency of the braking energy recovery system of the hybrid electric vehicle based on the whole vehicle working condition as claimed in claim 3, wherein E is as follows i The calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
when F i ＞0，E i ＝0；
When F i ≤0，E i ＝F i ×d i ；
Wherein F is i : from t of vehicle i-1 From time to t i The traction force at the moment is expressed as the following formula, wherein the unit is cow (N)
d i ：t i-1 From time to t i The distance travelled by the vehicle at the moment is in meters (m)
TM vehicle servicing mass with fixed loading in kilograms (kg)
f 0 、f 1 、f 2 Vehicle sliding resistance system under corresponding working conditionThe units are N, N/(km/h) and N/(km/h), respectively 2
a i From t of vehicle i-1 From time to t i Acceleration at time;
V i 、V i-1 : at t respectively for the vehicle i Time sum t i-1 The actual speed of the vehicle at the moment is in kilometers per hour (km/h);
t i time sum t i-1 Time of day: the unit is second(s) for two adjacent sampling moments in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition.
5. The method for evaluating the energy efficiency of the braking energy recovery system of the hybrid vehicle based on the whole vehicle working condition according to claim 1, wherein the recovery energy E of the generated energy obtained based on the ECU INCA,N The calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
wherein:
I k,i 、I k,i-1 : motor t with number k participating in braking energy recovery during deceleration of vehicle under comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 Time bus feedback current in amperes (A)
U k,i 、U k,i-1 : motor t with number k participating in braking energy recovery during deceleration of vehicle under comprehensive working condition i Time sum t i-1 The voltage across the moment in volts (V)
t i Time sum t i-1 Time of day: respectively sampling time points of two adjacent vehicles in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, wherein the unit is second(s);
n number of drive motors and/or generators involved in braking energy recovery during deceleration of the vehicle under integrated conditions
k, the number of the driving motor and/or the generator which participate in the braking energy recovery in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition;
t start 、t end : the starting time and the ending time of sampling in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition are respectively shown in seconds(s).
6. The system for evaluating the energy efficiency of the braking energy recovery system of the hybrid vehicle based on the whole vehicle working condition according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises a power generation energy E calculation module based on test equipment and a power generation energy E based on an ECU INCA Calculation module, and recovery energy ratio a in generated energy based on ECU N Calculation module, actual recovered energy E of braking energy recovery system N Calculation module, energy demand E' calculation module and wheel theoretical recovered energy E ideal The energy efficiency calculation module of the braking energy recovery system;
the power generation energy E calculation module based on the test equipment is used for storing energy E of a power battery in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition according to the vehicle acquired on the test equipment REESS And the DC converter consumes energy E DCDC Calculating the power generation energy E based on the test equipment in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition;
the ECU-based power generation energy E INCA The calculation module is used for storing energy E of the power battery in the process of decelerating the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition according to the vehicle deceleration acquired from the ECU INCA,REESS And energy E consumed by the DC converter INCA,DCDC Calculating ECU-based power generation energy E in vehicle deceleration process under comprehensive working condition INCA ；
The recovery energy ratio a of the generated energy based on the ECU N The calculation module is used for recovering energy E in the power generation energy of all motors participating in braking energy recovery in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition according to the information read from the ECU INCA,N And the calculated generating energy E based on ECU data in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition INCA Calculating a recovery energy ratio a in the generated energy based on the ECU in the decelerating process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition N ；
The actual recovered energy E of the braking energy recovery system N The calculation module is used for obtaining the power generation energy E based on the test equipment in the vehicle deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition and the recovery energy duty ratio a in the power generation energy based on the ECU data in the vehicle deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition according to the calculation N Obtaining actual recovered energy E of a braking energy recovery system in the process of decelerating a vehicle under comprehensive working conditions N ；
The energy demand E 'calculation module is used for calculating the energy demand E' of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition according to the traction force F of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition, the vehicle test mass TM, the acceleration a of the vehicle in the deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition and the vehicle sliding resistance coefficient;
the theoretical recovery energy E of the wheel edge ideal The calculation module is used for calculating theoretical recovered energy E of wheel edges according to energy requirement E' of the vehicle in the deceleration process under comprehensive working conditions ideal ；
The braking energy recovery system energy efficiency calculation module is used for recovering energy E according to the wheel edge theory ideal Wheel edge theoretical recovery energy E calculated by calculation module ideal And the actual recovered energy E of the braking energy recovery system N Actual recovered energy E of braking energy recovery system calculated by calculation module in vehicle deceleration process under comprehensive working condition N Calculating the energy efficiency eta of a braking energy recovery system of a vehicle N 。
7. The system of the energy efficiency evaluation method of the hybrid vehicle braking energy recovery system based on the whole vehicle working condition according to claim 6, wherein the wheel rim theory recovered energy E ideal The calculation module further comprises a wheel theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta calibration module, wherein the wheel theoretical recovered energy efficiency correction coefficient eta is used for correcting energy loss caused by transmission efficiency problems and is used for recovering energy E for the wheel theoretical ideal Correction is performed.
8. The system of the energy efficiency evaluation method of the hybrid vehicle braking energy recovery system based on the whole vehicle working condition of claim 6Characterized in that the wheel edge theory recovers energy E ideal The vehicle total energy demand module is used for calculating the total energy demand E' of the vehicle according to the traction force F, the distance d, the actual speed and acceleration of the vehicle, the vehicle test mass and the vehicle sliding resistance coefficient in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition.
9. The system of the energy efficiency evaluation method of the hybrid vehicle braking energy recovery system based on the whole vehicle working condition according to claim 8, wherein the vehicle total energy demand module further comprises a vehicle speed acquisition module for acquiring real-time vehicle speeds of the vehicle under different comprehensive working conditions.
10. The system of the energy efficiency evaluation method of the hybrid vehicle braking energy recovery system based on the whole vehicle working condition according to claim 6, wherein the power generation energy E based on the ECU INCA The calculation module further comprises a first current acquisition module and a first voltage acquisition module, wherein the first current acquisition module is used for acquiring power battery bus feedback current and DC converter bus current in the vehicle deceleration process under the comprehensive working condition from the ECU; the first voltage acquisition module is used for acquiring voltages at two ends of the power battery and the direct current converter in the deceleration process of the vehicle under the comprehensive working condition from the ECU.
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