CN114498039B - Double-end matching method for improving matching effect of monopole antenna - Google Patents

Double-end matching method for improving matching effect of monopole antenna Download PDF

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CN114498039B
CN114498039B CN202111557335.XA CN202111557335A CN114498039B CN 114498039 B CN114498039 B CN 114498039B CN 202111557335 A CN202111557335 A CN 202111557335A CN 114498039 B CN114498039 B CN 114498039B
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additional network
network
matching
monopole antenna
antenna
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CN114498039A (en
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马银圣
金珠
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China Institute of Radio Wave Propagation CETC 22 Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them

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Abstract

The invention discloses a double-end matching method for improving the matching effect of a monopole antenna, wherein an additional network 1 is added between the input end of the monopole antenna and a fixed matching network, and an additional network 2 is added between the fixed matching network and an antenna oscillator; the steps of determining the parameters of the elements in the additional network 1 and the additional network 2 are as follows: step 1, measuring scattering parameters of a monopole antenna fixed matching network; step 2, measuring the input impedance of only the antenna element part of the monopole antenna; step 3, calculating the voltage standing wave ratio; and 4, constructing an objective function. The invention discloses a double-end matching method for improving the matching effect of a monopole antenna, which is characterized in that from the viewpoint of changing the original monopole antenna to be small and obviously improving the effect, an additional network is respectively added at the front end and the rear end of the original monopole antenna, which are close to a fixed matching network, the two additional network elements are few and have no consumption, and the double-end matching greatly increases the design flexibility and the degree of freedom.

Description

Double-end matching method for improving matching effect of monopole antenna
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a double-end matching method for improving the matching effect of a monopole antenna in the field.
Background
Short-wave communication has irreplaceable advantages compared with other communication modes, such as strong survivability, long communication distance, capability of performing long-distance communication with small power, high cost performance of equipment, easy maintenance and the like. The short wave antenna is an important component in short wave communication as front-end equipment of a short wave transceiving system, and the matching degree of the short wave antenna and the transceiving system directly influences the communication effect.
The monopole antenna is used as a classic antenna form of a short wave antenna, and is often used in combination with a matching network in order to improve matching effect and impedance bandwidth, namely, the input port of an antenna oscillator is connected with the matching network. However, in practical use, when the antenna is completely damaged, the reflection coefficient still slightly exceeds the requirement of the system for the monopole antenna, that is, the matching effect of the matching network and the antenna element is poor, and the reason for the excess is complex, for example, the monopole antenna is affected by new environment, and ages. The new selection and erection of the novel monopole antenna are a better solution, but the cost is too high, the period is long, and land seeking is needed again sometimes.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a double-end matching method for improving the matching effect of a monopole antenna, and to avoid the phenomenon that the reflection coefficient is too large due to the mismatch of the monopole antenna and a transceiver feeder line.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the double-end matching method for improving the matching effect of the monopole antenna has the improvement that: an additional network 1 is added between the input end of the monopole antenna and the fixed matching network, and an additional network 2 is added between the fixed matching network and the antenna oscillator; the steps of determining the parameters of the elements in the additional network 1 and the additional network 2 are as follows:
step 1, measuring scattering parameter S of monopole antenna fixed matching network, and recording as
Figure BDA0003419430100000011
Converting the S parameter into an ABCD parameter which is recorded as
Figure BDA0003419430100000012
When the characteristic impedance is Z 0 Then, there are:
Figure BDA0003419430100000013
Figure BDA0003419430100000014
Figure BDA0003419430100000021
Figure BDA0003419430100000022
step 2, measuring the input impedance of the monopole antenna only on the antenna oscillator part, and recording as Z a ；
Step 3, the ABCD parameter of the additional network 1 is assumed to be recorded as
Figure BDA0003419430100000023
ABCD parameter of the additional network 2 is noted
Figure BDA0003419430100000024
And assuming that the network formed by the additional network 1, the fixed matching network and the additional network 2 is a total matching network, and the ABCD parameter of the total matching network is recorded as
Figure BDA0003419430100000025
Namely, the following steps are included:
Figure BDA0003419430100000026
wherein:
A t ＝(A 0 A 1 +B 0 C 1 )A 2 +(A 0 B 1 +B 0 D 1 )C 2
B t ＝(A 0 A 1 +B 0 C 1 )B 2 +(A 0 B 1 +B 0 D 1 )D 2
C t ＝(C 0 A 1 +D 0 C 1 )A 2 +(C 0 B 1 +D 0 D 1 )C 2
D t ＝(C 0 A 1 +D 0 C 1 )B 2 +(C 0 B 1 +D 0 D 1 )D 2
the input impedance of the antenna, assumed to contain the total matching network, is denoted as Z in And the reflection coefficient is recorded as gamma in The voltage standing wave ratio is recorded as VSWR; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA0003419430100000027
z determined in step 2 a And A determined in this step t 、B t 、C t 、D t Substitution into
Figure BDA0003419430100000028
Is calculated to obtain Z in Is a reaction of Z in Substitution into
Figure BDA0003419430100000029
Calculating to obtain gamma in Will gamma in Substitution into
Figure BDA00034194301000000210
Calculating to obtain VSWR;
step 4, optimizing and calculating the element parameters of the additional network 1 and the additional network 2, and utilizing a genetic algorithm to realize the full working frequency [ f min ,f max ]The transformation ratio of the impedance converter of the additional network 1 and the parameter p of each possible element of the additional network 2 in a series-parallel connection mode are simultaneously optimized in the range, the optimization target is that the voltage standing wave ratio is minimum in the working frequency range, the parameter corresponding to the minimum voltage standing wave ratio in all the combinations is taken as an optimal solution, namely the transformation ratio of the impedance converter of the additional network 1 and the series-parallel connection access mode and element parameters of the additional network 2 are simultaneously obtained, and the constructed objective function is as follows:
Figure BDA0003419430100000031
where N is the transformation ratio of the impedance transformer of the additional network 1, p is the component parameter of the additional network 2, N max The number of all possible element series-parallel connections for the additional network 2.
Further, the additional network 1 is a lossless transmission line impedance transformer with unbalanced input and unbalanced output, and an input end interface of the additional network 1 is completely the same as an input end interface of the fixed matching network.
Furthermore, the additional network 2 is composed of an inductor, a capacitor, an open-circuit coaxial line and a short-circuit coaxial line which are connected in series or in parallel.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
the invention discloses a double-end matching method for improving the matching effect of a monopole antenna, which is characterized in that from the viewpoint of changing the original monopole antenna to be small and improving the effect to be obvious, an additional network, namely an additional network 1 and an additional network 2, is respectively added at the front end and the rear end of the original monopole antenna, which are close to a fixed matching network, the additional network 1 is positioned between the antenna input end and the original fixed matching network, the additional network 2 is positioned between the original fixed matching network and an antenna oscillator, the two additional network elements are few and are not consumed, the double-end matching greatly increases the design flexibility and the freedom degree, the optimal additional network parameters are easier to design, and the matching effect of the original monopole antenna is improved. And the input interface of the additional network 1 is completely compatible with the original monopole antenna, and a feeder line interface does not need to be modified. The method can avoid designing and selecting a new monopole antenna due to the standard exceeding of the indexes of the original monopole antenna, greatly saves the cost, avoids the problems of shutdown reconstruction, land acquisition and the like, has simple principle and strong operability, greatly improves the matching of the monopole antenna and a receiver or a transmitter, reduces the voltage standing wave ratio of the monopole antenna and improves the system efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a monopole antenna;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a monopole antenna with an additional network;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the additional network 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the monopole antenna includes a fixed matching network and an antenna element, so as to save cost, avoid waste and shorten the period, and adding a few components on the basis of the original monopole antenna to perform matching design again is a better method for improving the matching effect of the monopole antenna.
Embodiment 1, this embodiment discloses a double-end matching method for improving the matching effect of a monopole antenna, as shown in fig. 2, an additional network 1 is added between an input end of the monopole antenna and a fixed matching network, and an additional network 2 is added between the fixed matching network and an antenna element; the steps of determining the parameters of the elements in the additional network 1 and the additional network 2 are as follows:
step 1, measuring scattering parameter S of monopole antenna fixed matching network, and recording as S
Figure BDA0003419430100000041
Converting S parameter into ABCD parameter and recording as
Figure BDA0003419430100000042
When the characteristic impedance is Z 0 Then, there are:
Figure BDA0003419430100000043
Figure BDA0003419430100000044
Figure BDA0003419430100000045
Figure BDA0003419430100000046
step 2, measuring the input impedance of the monopole antenna only in the antenna element part, and recording as Z a ；
Step 3, the ABCD parameter of the additional network 1 is assumed to be recorded
Figure BDA0003419430100000047
ABCD parameter of the additional network 2 is noted
Figure BDA0003419430100000048
And assuming that the network formed by the additional network 1, the fixed matching network and the additional network 2 is a total matching network, and the ABCD parameter of the total matching network is recorded as
Figure BDA0003419430100000049
Namely, the following steps are included:
Figure BDA00034194301000000410
wherein:
A t ＝(A 0 A 1 +B 0 C 1 )A 2 +(A 0 B 1 +B 0 D 1 )C 2
B t ＝(A 0 A 1 +B 0 C 1 )B 2 +(A 0 B 1 +B 0 D 1 )D 2
C t ＝(C 0 A 1 +D 0 C 1 )A 2 +(C 0 B 1 +D 0 D 1 )C 2
D t ＝(C 0 A 1 +D 0 C 1 )B 2 +(C 0 B 1 +D 0 D 1 )D 2
the input impedance of the antenna, assumed to comprise the total matching network, is denoted as Z in And the reflection coefficient is recorded as gamma in The voltage standing wave ratio is recorded as VSWR; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003419430100000051
Z 0 is the characteristic impedance;
z determined in step 2 a And A determined in this step t 、B t 、C t 、D t Substitution into
Figure BDA0003419430100000052
Is calculated to obtain Z in Is a reaction of Z in Substitution into
Figure BDA0003419430100000053
Calculating to obtain gamma in Will gamma be in Substitution into
Figure BDA0003419430100000054
Calculating to obtain VSWR; the VSWR is a function of the operating frequency and is determined by the transformation ratio of the impedance transformer of the additional network 1 and the series-parallel connection form and the element parameters of the additional network 2.
Step 4, optimizing and calculating the element parameters of the additional network 1 and the additional network 2, and utilizing a genetic algorithm to realize the full working frequency [ f ] min ,f max ]The transformation ratio of the impedance converter of the additional network 1 and the parameter p of each possible element of the additional network 2 in a series-parallel connection mode are simultaneously optimized in the range, the optimization target is the minimum voltage standing wave ratio in the working frequency range, the parameter corresponding to the minimum voltage standing wave ratio in all the combinations is taken as the optimal solution, namely the transformation ratio of the impedance converter of the additional network 1 and the series-parallel connection access mode and element parameters of the additional network 2 are simultaneously obtained, and the constructed objective function is as follows:
Figure BDA0003419430100000055
where N is the transformation ratio of the impedance transformer of the additional network 1, p is the component parameter of the additional network 2, N max The number of all possible element series-parallel connections for the additional network 2.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the additional network 1 is a lossless transmission line impedance transformer with unbalanced input and unbalanced output, and the input interface of the additional network 1 is identical to the input interface of the fixed matching network. Namely, the interface form of the original monopole antenna is not changed, and the compatibility of the interface of the additional network 1 and the original system is ensured.
The additional network 2 is composed of an inductor, a capacitor, an open-circuit coaxial line and a short-circuit coaxial line which are connected in series or in parallel.

Claims (3)

1. A double-end matching method for improving the matching effect of a monopole antenna is characterized in that: an additional network 1 is added between the input end of the monopole antenna and the fixed matching network, and an additional network 2 is added between the fixed matching network and the antenna oscillator; the steps of determining the parameters of the elements in the additional network 1 and the additional network 2 are as follows:
step 1, measuring scattering parameter S of monopole antenna fixed matching network, and recording as
Figure FDA0003419430090000011
Converting S parameter into ABCD parameter and recording as
Figure FDA0003419430090000012
When the characteristic impedance is Z 0 Then, there are:
Figure FDA0003419430090000013
Figure FDA0003419430090000014
Figure FDA0003419430090000015
Figure FDA0003419430090000016
step 2, measuring the input impedance of the monopole antenna only in the antenna element part, and recording as Z a ；
Step 3, assuming additional network 1ABCD parameters are recorded
Figure FDA0003419430090000017
ABCD parameter of the additional network 2 is noted
Figure FDA0003419430090000018
And assuming a network formed by the additional network 1, the fixed matching network and the additional network 2 as a total matching network, and recording ABCD parameters of the total matching network as
Figure FDA0003419430090000019
Namely, the following steps are included:
Figure FDA00034194300900000110
wherein:
A t ＝(A 0 A 1 +B 0 C 1 )A 2 +(A 0 B 1 +B 0 D 1 )C 2
B t ＝(A 0 A 1 +B 0 C 1 )B 2 +(A 0 B 1 +B 0 D 1 )D 2
C t ＝(C 0 A 1 +D 0 C 1 )A 2 +(C 0 B 1 +D 0 D 1 )C 2
D t ＝(C 0 A 1 +D 0 C 1 )B 2 +(C 0 B 1 +D 0 D 1 )D 2
the input impedance of the antenna, assumed to contain the total matching network, is denoted as Z in And the reflection coefficient is recorded as gamma in The voltage standing wave ratio is recorded as VSWR; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003419430090000021
z determined in step 2 a And A determined in this step t 、B t 、C t 、D t Substitution into
Figure FDA0003419430090000022
Is calculated to obtain Z in A 1 is formed of in Substitution into
Figure FDA0003419430090000023
F is obtained through calculation in Will gamma in Substitution into
Figure FDA0003419430090000024
Calculating to obtain VSWR;
step 4, optimizing and calculating the element parameters of the additional network 1 and the additional network 2, and utilizing a genetic algorithm to realize the full working frequency [ f ] min ,f max ]The transformation ratio of the impedance converter of the additional network 1 and the parameter p of each possible element of the additional network 2 in a series-parallel connection mode are simultaneously optimized in the range, the optimization target is the minimum voltage standing wave ratio in the working frequency range, the parameter corresponding to the minimum voltage standing wave ratio in all the combinations is taken as the optimal solution, namely the transformation ratio of the impedance converter of the additional network 1 and the series-parallel connection access mode and element parameters of the additional network 2 are simultaneously obtained, and the constructed objective function is as follows:
Figure FDA0003419430090000025
where N is the transformation ratio of the impedance transformer of the additional network 1, p is the component parameter of the additional network 2, N max The number of all possible element series-parallel connections for the additional network 2.
2. The double-end matching method for improving the matching effect of the monopole antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the additional network 1 is a lossless transmission line impedance transformer with unbalanced input and unbalanced output, and an input end interface of the additional network 1 is completely the same as an input end interface of the fixed matching network.
3. The double-end matching method for improving the matching effect of the monopole antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the additional network 2 is composed of an inductor, a capacitor, an open-circuit coaxial line and a short-circuit coaxial line which are connected in series or in parallel.
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