CN114497671A - Manifold structure of fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Manifold structure of fuel cell stack Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114497671A
CN114497671A CN202210029747.4A CN202210029747A CN114497671A CN 114497671 A CN114497671 A CN 114497671A CN 202210029747 A CN202210029747 A CN 202210029747A CN 114497671 A CN114497671 A CN 114497671A
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China
Prior art keywords
channel
end plate
inlet channel
fuel cell
cell stack
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Granted
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CN202210029747.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114497671B (en
Inventor
向蔚
潘牧
詹志刚
郭伟
戈琛
范卫东
洪丰
汤歌尘
梅坚
***
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Foshan Xianhu Laboratory
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Foshan Xianhu Laboratory
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2483Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2484Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell stack manifold structure, which comprises a stack end plate, and a left box body and a right box body which are arranged on the front wall surface of the stack end plate, wherein the left box body is provided with three left channels, the three left channels comprise an air inlet channel, a cooling liquid inlet channel and a hydrogen outlet channel, the right box body is provided with three right channels, the three right channels comprise a hydrogen inlet channel, a cooling liquid outlet channel and an air outlet channel, the stack end plate is provided with a plurality of end plate through openings which are communicated with the channels, the left channel and the right channel respectively comprise a through flow domain section and a transition flow domain section which are communicated from front to back, the through flow domain sections are direct-flow channel structures with the same inner diameter, and the transition flow domain section is a horn-type channel structure with the inner diameter gradually increasing from front to back. Therefore, the pressure drop between the front port of each channel and the through hole of the end plate can be reduced, namely, the consumption of the pressure drop of the manifold part on the power of the system is effectively reduced, the power of the system is further improved, and the pressure loss is reduced.

Description

Manifold structure of fuel cell stack
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a manifold structure of a fuel cell stack.
Background
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have attracted attention in the last two decades because of their low operating temperatures and high power densities. The fuel cell manifold is mainly used as a gas and cooling liquid interface, is positioned on a stack end plate and is used for the inlet and outlet of hydrogen, air and cooling liquid, and the existing manifold has the advantages of low structural integration level, complex structure, large occupied space and large pressure loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a manifold structure for a fuel cell stack that solves one or more of the problems of the prior art, and provides at least one of the advantages of the present invention.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the present invention provides a fuel cell stack manifold structure, comprising: the fuel cell stack comprises a stack end plate and two box bodies, wherein the two box bodies are respectively arranged at the left part and the right part of the front wall surface of the stack end plate, the box bodies are provided with connecting ends connected with the stack end plate and far away from the free ends of the stack end plate, the two box bodies are divided into a left box body and a right box body, the left box body is provided with three left channels, the three left channels comprise air inlet channels, cooling liquid inlet channels and hydrogen gas outlet channels which are all in front-back extending through, the right box body is provided with three right channels, the three right channels comprise hydrogen inlet channels, cooling liquid outlet channels and air outlet channels which are all in front-back extending through, the stack end plate is provided with a plurality of end plate through holes which are in front-back through, the end plate through holes are respectively communicated with the air inlet channels, the cooling liquid inlet channels, the hydrogen gas outlet channels, the hydrogen inlet channels, the cooling liquid outlet channels and the air outlet channels one by one, left side passageway and right passageway all are including being direct basin section, the transition basin section of front and back intercommunication, direct basin section is along the same straight-flow channel structure of internal diameter, the transition basin section is the inside diameter loudspeaker formula access structure that gradually enlarges from the past backward.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fuel cell stack manifold structure integrates the air inlet channel, the cooling liquid inflow channel, the hydrogen discharge channel, the hydrogen inlet channel, the cooling liquid outflow channel and the air discharge channel, divides the channels into three left channels and three right channels, integrates the three left channels into the left box body, integrates the three right channels into the right box body, fixes the right box body and the left box body on the stack end plate, the stack end plate is provided with a plurality of end plate through holes which are communicated with the channels one by one, the whole occupied space is small, and the left channel and the right channel respectively comprise a through flow area section and a transition flow area section which are communicated front and back, the transition flow area section is a horn-shaped channel structure with the inner diameter gradually increasing from front to back, the through flow area section is a straight flow channel structure with the same inner diameter along the front port and the end plate through hole, thereby reducing the pressure drop between the front port and the end plate through hole of each channel, namely effectively reducing the consumption of the manifold part pressure drop to the system power, thereby improving the power of the system and reducing the pressure loss.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the air inlet channel, the coolant inflow channel, and the hydrogen exhaust channel are arranged at an upper and a lower interval, the hydrogen inlet channel, the coolant outflow channel, and the air exhaust channel are arranged at an upper and a lower interval, and the air inlet channel, the coolant inflow channel, and the hydrogen exhaust channel are respectively arranged side by side with the hydrogen inlet channel, the coolant outflow channel, and the air exhaust channel one by one. This further reduces the overall footprint and facilitates the venting of gas from the coolant channels.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a length ratio of the transition flow field section to the straight-through flow field section in the front-rear direction is in a range of 1-1.5. The length ratio of the transition flow domain section to the straight-through flow domain section has great influence on the pressure drop of the manifold in the limited space, and the pressure drop of the fluid flow domain can be greatly reduced in the limited space by changing the length ratio of the transition flow domain section to the straight-through flow domain section.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a sealing ring is provided between each of the end plate through openings and the end surface of the connecting end, and the sealing ring is arranged along the edge of the end plate through opening. The sealing ring can improve the leakproofness that the end plate opening communicates with each passageway.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, a plurality of sealing grooves are formed in the front wall surface of the end plate of the galvanic pile or the end surface of the connecting end, and the sealing rings are installed on the sealing grooves. The seal groove can facilitate the fixed installation of the seal ring.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the rear ports of the left channel and the right channel are both of a special-shaped port structure, the end plate through ports are also of a special-shaped port structure, and the plurality of end plate through ports are respectively in one-to-one matching butt joint with the rear ports of the left channel and the right channel. The special-shaped opening structure is more favorable for the flow of fluid and can be arranged according to different requirements.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the front ends of the left channel and the right channel are connected with round connectors. The connector is convenient for connecting with an external silicone tube.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the box body is a POM plastic component and is fixedly connected with the end plate of the pile through a plurality of bolts.
The POM plastic has good insulativity, can be used for a long time in a temperature range of-40-100 ℃, has low density and excellent mechanical property, can be well adapted to the working environment of a fuel cell, has good processability, can better ensure the size of an inlet and an outlet of a manifold, and improves the manufacturing precision of the manifold.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the cooling liquid outflow channel is connected with an exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe is connected with the system auxiliary through the silicone tube, so that the pressure in the cooling liquid flow channel is consistent with the system pressure, the cooling liquid can be quickly filled in the whole flow channel, and a better cooling effect is achieved.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the air inlet channel and the cooling liquid outlet channel are respectively provided with a temperature and pressure integrated sensor, the cooling liquid inlet channel and the hydrogen inlet channel are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, and the hydrogen outlet channel, the hydrogen inlet channel and the air outlet channel are respectively provided with a pressure sensor. The temperature and pressure integrated sensor, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are integrated on the box body, the whole occupied space is small, the space utilization rate is high, and the detection probe arranged in the flow channel can convert a detected signal into an electric signal, so that the system can detect the temperature and the pressure of the flow channel in real time and immediately react to various conditions.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples;
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a fuel cell stack manifold according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of one embodiment of a fuel cell stack manifold structure provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of one embodiment of a fuel cell stack manifold structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a sectional view a-a in fig. 3.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, if words such as "a", "an", etc. are used, the meaning is one or more, the meaning of a plurality is two or more, less, more, etc. are understood as excluding the present number, and more, less, more, etc. are understood as including the present number.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the manifold structure of a fuel cell stack of the present invention is made as follows:
the fuel cell stack manifold structure of this embodiment includes a stack end plate 100, two cartridges, the two cartridges are respectively installed at the left and right portions of the front wall surface of the stack end plate 100, the cartridges are provided with a connecting end connected with the stack end plate 100 and a free end far away from the stack end plate 100, wherein the two cartridges are divided into a left cartridge 200 and a right cartridge 300, the left cartridge 200 is provided with three left channels, the three left channels include an air inlet channel 210, a coolant inlet channel 220 and a hydrogen outlet channel 230 which are all through extending from front to back, the right cartridge 300 is provided with three right channels, the three right channels include a hydrogen inlet channel 310, a coolant outlet channel 320 and an air outlet channel 330 which are all through extending from front to back, in this embodiment, the air inlet channel 210, the coolant inlet channel 220 and the hydrogen outlet channel 230 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, the hydrogen inlet channel 310, the coolant outlet channel 320 and the air outlet channel 330 are arranged at intervals up and down, and the air inlet channel 210, the coolant inlet channel 220 and the hydrogen outlet channel 230 are respectively arranged with the hydrogen inlet channel 310, the coolant outlet channel 320 and the air outlet channel 330 side by side one by one, so that the space occupied by the whole body can be further reduced, and the discharge of gas in the coolant channels is facilitated.
The stack end plate 100 is provided with a plurality of end plate ports 110 that are formed through front and rear, and the plurality of end plate ports 110 are respectively communicated with the air inlet passage 210, the coolant inflow passage 220, the hydrogen gas discharge passage 230, the hydrogen gas inlet passage 310, the coolant outflow passage 320, and the air discharge passage 330 one by one.
Wherein, left side passageway and right passageway all are including being direct watershed section 400, the transition watershed section 500 of front and back intercommunication, direct watershed section 400 is along the same straight-flow access structure of internal diameter, transition watershed section 500 is the loudspeaker formula access structure that the internal diameter is crescent from the past backward.
The fuel cell stack manifold structure integrates the air inlet channel 210, the cooling liquid inflow channel 220, the hydrogen gas discharge channel 230, the hydrogen gas inlet channel 310, the cooling liquid outflow channel 320 and the air discharge channel 330, divides the channels into three left channels and three right channels, integrates the three left channels into the left box body 200, integrates the three right channels into the right box body 300, fixes the right box body 300 and the left box body 200 on the stack end plate 100, the stack end plate 100 is provided with a plurality of end plate through holes 110 communicated with the channels one by one, the whole occupied space is small, and the left channel and the right channel both comprise a straight-through flow area section 400 and a transition flow area section 500 which are communicated in front and back, the transition flow area section 500 is a trumpet-shaped channel structure with the inner diameter gradually increasing from front to back, the straight-through flow area section 400 is a straight-flow channel structure with the same inner diameter, thereby reducing the pressure drop between the front ports of each channel and the end plate through holes 110, the consumption of the pressure drop of the manifold part on the system power is effectively reduced, the system power is improved, and the pressure loss is reduced.
The length ratio of the transition flow domain section 500 to the straight-through flow domain section 400 has a great influence on the pressure drop of the manifold in a limited space, and the pressure drop of the flow domain can be greatly reduced in the limited space by changing the length ratio of the transition flow domain section 500 to the straight-through flow domain section 400, wherein the length ratio of the transition flow domain section 500 to the straight-through flow domain section 400 in the front-back direction of the embodiment ranges from 1 to 1.5.
Further, every the end plate opening 110 with all be provided with sealing washer 600 between the terminal surface of link, sealing washer 600 is arranged along the edge of end plate opening 110, and sealing washer 600 can improve the leakproofness of end plate opening 110 and each passageway intercommunication, and the pile end plate 100 antetheca face perhaps be provided with a plurality of seal grooves on the terminal surface of link, sealing washer 600 installs on the seal groove, and the fixed mounting of sealing washer 600 can be convenient for to the seal groove.
The box body of the embodiment is a POM plastic component, the box body is fixedly connected with the stack end plate 100 through a plurality of bolts 2000, the POM plastic has good insulativity, can be used for a long time in a temperature range of-40-100 ℃, has low density and excellent mechanical property, can be well adapted to the working environment of the fuel cell, has good processability of the POM material, and can better ensure the size of an inlet and an outlet of the manifold and improve the manufacturing precision of the manifold.
This embodiment the back port of left side passageway and right passageway is special-shaped mouthful structure, and end plate opening 110 also is special-shaped mouthful structure, a plurality of end plate openings 110 respectively with the back port of left side passageway and right passageway matches the butt joint one by one, and special-shaped mouthful structure more is favorable to fluidic flow, can set up according to the demand of difference, and the front end of left side passageway and right passageway all is connected with circular shape connector 700, and connector 700 is convenient for connect the silicone tube of peripheral hardware.
In addition, coolant outflow passageway 320 is connected with blast pipe 321, and blast pipe 321 accessible silicone tube links to each other with system's accessory, guarantees that the pressure in the coolant liquid runner is unanimous with system's pressure, makes the coolant liquid can be quick be full of whole runner, reaches better cooling effect.
Further, the air inlet passage 210 and the coolant outlet passage 320 are each provided with a temperature and pressure integrated sensor 800, the coolant inlet passage 220 and the hydrogen inlet passage 310 are each provided with a temperature sensor 900, and the hydrogen outlet passage 230, the hydrogen inlet passage 310 and the air outlet passage 330 are each provided with a pressure sensor 1000. With the integrative sensor 800 of temperature pressure, temperature sensor 900 and pressure sensor 1000 integration on the box body, whole occupation space is little, and space utilization is high, and the detecting probe who arranges in the runner can turn into the signal of telecommunication with detecting the signal for the system can real-time detection runner's temperature and pressure, reacts to the various situations that appear immediately.
Each sensor is provided with an O-ring seal to ensure sealing of the manifold.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments shown and described, but is capable of numerous equivalents and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims appended hereto.

Claims (10)

1. A fuel cell stack manifold structure characterized by: it comprises the following steps: pile end plate (100), two box bodys are installed respectively in the left part and the right part of pile end plate (100) preceding wall, the box body is provided with the link of being connected with pile end plate (100), keeps away from the free end of pile end plate (100), two box bodys divide into left box body (200) and right box body (300), left side box body (200) are provided with three left passageway, and three left passageway is including extending air inlet channel (210), coolant inflow passageway (220), hydrogen discharge passageway (230) that link up around all being, right side box body (300) are provided with three right passageway, and three right passageway is including extending hydrogen inlet channel (310), coolant outflow passageway (320), the air discharge passageway (330) that link up around all being, pile end plate (100) are provided with a plurality of end plate openings (110) that link up around, and a plurality of end plate openings (110) respectively with air inlet channel (210), Coolant liquid inflow channel (220), hydrogen discharge passage (230), hydrogen inlet channel (310), coolant liquid outflow channel (320), air discharge passage (330) communicate one by one, left side passageway and right passageway are all including being the direct-flow basin section (400), the transition basin section (500) of front and back intercommunication, direct-flow basin section (400) are along the straight-flow channel structure that the internal diameter is the same, transition basin section (500) are the horn type access structure that the internal diameter is crescent backward from the past.
2. A fuel cell stack manifold structure according to claim 1, wherein: air inlet channel (210), coolant flow inlet channel (220), hydrogen exhaust passage (230) are interval arrangement setting from top to bottom, hydrogen inlet channel (310), coolant flow outlet channel (320), air exhaust passage (330) be interval arrangement setting from top to bottom, air inlet channel (210), coolant flow inlet channel (220), hydrogen exhaust passage (230) respectively with hydrogen inlet channel (310), coolant flow outlet channel (320), air exhaust passage (330) set up side by side about one.
3. A fuel cell stack manifold structure according to claim 1, wherein: the length proportion range of the transition flow field section (500) and the straight-through flow field section (400) in the front-back direction is 1-1.5.
4. A fuel cell stack manifold structure according to claim 1, wherein: every the end plate opening (110) with all be provided with sealing washer (600) between the terminal surface of link, sealing washer (600) are arranged along the edge of end plate opening (110).
5. The fuel cell stack manifold structure according to claim 4, wherein: the front wall face of the electric pile end plate (100) or the end face of the connecting end is provided with a plurality of sealing grooves, and the sealing ring (600) is installed on the sealing grooves.
6. A fuel cell stack manifold structure according to claim 1, wherein: the rear ports of the left channel and the right channel are both of special-shaped port structures, the end plate through ports (110) are also of special-shaped port structures, and the end plate through ports (110) are respectively in one-to-one matching butt joint with the rear ports of the left channel and the right channel.
7. A fuel cell stack manifold structure according to claim 1, wherein: the front ends of the left channel and the right channel are connected with round connectors (700).
8. A fuel cell stack manifold structure according to claim 1, wherein: the box body is a POM plastic component and is fixedly connected with the pile end plate (100) through a plurality of bolts (2000).
9. A fuel cell stack manifold structure according to claim 1, wherein: the coolant outflow passage (320) is connected with an exhaust pipe (321).
10. A fuel cell stack manifold structure according to claim 1, wherein: temperature and pressure integrated sensors (800) are installed on the air inlet channel (210) and the cooling liquid outlet channel (320), temperature sensors (900) are installed on the cooling liquid inlet channel (220) and the hydrogen inlet channel (310), and pressure sensors (1000) are installed on the hydrogen outlet channel (230), the hydrogen inlet channel (310) and the air outlet channel (330).
CN202210029747.4A 2022-01-11 2022-01-11 Fuel cell stack manifold structure Active CN114497671B (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115692813A (en) * 2022-11-04 2023-02-03 北京朔景新能源科技有限公司 Fuel cell stack and fuel cell system
CN117174982A (en) * 2023-11-02 2023-12-05 四川荣创新能动力***有限公司 Air in-out stack distribution structure of fuel cell and in-out stack assembly thereof

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CN112103547A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-18 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Fuel cell stack manifold assembly
CN113241457A (en) * 2021-04-29 2021-08-10 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 Fuel cell distribution end plate and fuel cell with same
CN214797484U (en) * 2021-08-26 2021-11-19 潍柴巴拉德氢能科技有限公司 Vehicle, fuel cell engine and multi-stack medium distribution device thereof
CN113675426A (en) * 2021-07-06 2021-11-19 新源动力股份有限公司 Combined sealing structure for fuel cell module
CN215184101U (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-12-14 浙江高成绿能科技有限公司 Nested insulating end plate of liquid-cooled fuel cell

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0582151A (en) * 1991-09-20 1993-04-02 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Seal structure of manifold for fuel cell
EP1947726A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-23 E-Vision Bvba Fuel cell manifold
EP2182573A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-05 inhouse engineering GmbH PEM fuel cell stack
CN108417875A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-08-17 广东国鸿氢能科技有限公司 Distributing manifold and fuel cell pile group
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CN209418656U (en) * 2019-02-28 2019-09-20 中山大洋电机股份有限公司 A kind of pile gas liquid dispensing equipment and its fuel cell of application
CN109994751A (en) * 2019-04-12 2019-07-09 上海楞次新能源汽车科技有限公司 Shunting integrating device for more pile fuel battery engine systems
CN110233278A (en) * 2019-07-17 2019-09-13 新源动力股份有限公司 A kind of galvanic pile module of fuel cell fluid-dispensing structure
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CN113241457A (en) * 2021-04-29 2021-08-10 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 Fuel cell distribution end plate and fuel cell with same
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115692813A (en) * 2022-11-04 2023-02-03 北京朔景新能源科技有限公司 Fuel cell stack and fuel cell system
CN117174982A (en) * 2023-11-02 2023-12-05 四川荣创新能动力***有限公司 Air in-out stack distribution structure of fuel cell and in-out stack assembly thereof
CN117174982B (en) * 2023-11-02 2024-01-23 四川荣创新能动力***有限公司 Air in-out stack distribution structure of fuel cell and in-out stack assembly thereof

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