CN114488549B - Universal vortex optical multiplexing system and method based on spiral transformation - Google Patents
Universal vortex optical multiplexing system and method based on spiral transformation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a general vortex optical multiplexing system and a method based on spiral transformation, wherein the system comprises a beam splitting cube, a right-angle prism, a Fourier lens and a spatial light modulator, wherein the beam splitting cube is used for reflecting incident vortex light beams to the spatial light modulator, the right-angle prism is used for changing the direction of light reflected from the spatial light modulator to make the light reflected from the spatial light modulator enter the spatial light modulator again, the spatial light modulator is used for respectively carrying out spiral transformation and phase correction on the light beams which are twice incident, and the Fourier lens is used for focusing plane waves after the phase correction to different positions on a charge coupled device so as to realize spatial separation. The general vortex optical multiplexing system and method based on spiral transformation have high efficiency and high resolution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of orbital angular momentum communication multiplexing and demultiplexing, in particular to a general vortex optical rotation multiplexing system and method based on spiral transformation.
Background
Since one recognizes that carry e ilθ After the beam of the spiral phase structure has orbital angular momentum (where l is called topological charge number and θ is azimuth angle of transverse plane) with the magnitude of each photon lh, the vortex beam has been rapidly developed in various fields. Because vortex light beams with different topological charges are orthogonal to each other, the vortex light beams are different from traditional plane waves, have a new dimension to realize information modulation, and have no limit in theory, so that the vortex light beams have unprecedented application prospects in the current optical communication field.
A key problem in the application of vortex beams in the field of communications is how to achieve efficient multiplexing and demultiplexing between different topological charges. Traditionally, the multiplexing of vortex beams is to detect vortex beams with holograms of fork gratings, but one hologram can only detect one vortex beam, so that the efficiency of the whole multiplexing scheme is only 1/N, where N is the number of topological charges to be detected. The other scheme is that the cascade connection of M-Z interferometers is utilized to realize simultaneous detection of various topological charges, but N vortex states to be detected need cascade connection of N-1M-Z interferometers, so that the size and debugging difficulty of the device are greatly increased, and the application of the device in the field of optical communication is limited. In addition, q-wave plates, surface plasmon lenses and other methods have been proposed in a number of ways, but all suffer from multiplexing efficiency and system stability, and cannot be applied to the field of optical communication well. In 2010, professor Berkhout et al proposed a method of using polar optical transformation to achieve efficient demultiplexing of vortex beams, they achieved spatial separation of different vortex states using only two phase elements, making the application of vortex light in the field of communications a big step forward, but this method suffers from resolution problems, and the separation between adjacent vortex states is not good. Next, on the basis of optical transformation, wen et al propose to use logarithmic spiral transformation to achieve efficient and high resolution spatial separation between different vortex states, which improves the effect by several times compared to 10 years, but is limited by mathematical properties of the logarithmic spiral itself, which requires high precision of the phase element, and uneven division of energy can distort the final light spot, and there is a certain upper limit to the performance, which still needs to be improved and improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-efficiency and high-resolution general vortex optical multiplexing system and method based on spiral transformation.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a general vortex optical multiplexing system based on spiral transformation, the system includes beam splitting cube, right angle prism, fourier lens and spatial light modulator, beam splitting cube is used for reflecting the vortex light beam of incidence on the spatial light modulator, and right angle prism is used for changing the direction of light that reflects from the spatial light modulator, makes it incident to the spatial light modulator again, the spatial light modulator is used for carrying out spiral transformation and phase correction respectively to the light beam of twice incidence, fourier lens is used for focusing the plane wave after the phase correction to different positions on the charge coupled device, realizes the spatial separation.
Optionally, the spatial light modulator includes a conversion part and a correction part, the incident vortex beam is firstly reflected to the conversion part of the spatial light modulator by the beam splitting cube, after the modulation of the general spiral conversion phase of the conversion part, the vortex beam is reflected out of the spatial light modulator, and then the direction of the vortex beam is changed by the right-angle prism, so that the vortex beam is reflected to the correction part of the spatial light modulator after passing through the beam splitting cube, and is mapped into a light spot according to the preset conversion.
Optionally, the transformation part is used for decomposing the incident vortex beam according to a preset spiral line form on the first phase surface and mapping the incident vortex beam into line segments on the second phase surface.
Optionally, the correction section is configured to perform phase correction on the transformed spot on the second phase plane, correcting an additional phase due to the transformed phase and fourier transform.
Optionally, the charge coupled device is disposed on a focal plane of the fourier lens.
Further, the invention also provides a general vortex light multiplexing method based on spiral transformation, which comprises the following steps:
the incident light beam is reflected to the spatial light modulator by the beam splitting cube, is reflected out of the spatial light modulator after being subjected to general spiral transformation phase modulation, and is incident to the spatial light modulator after the direction of the light beam is changed by the right-angle prism, so that a preset transformation light spot is obtained;
correcting the extra phase introduced by the transformation phase and Fourier transformation in the light spot through a phase correction element, so that the angular phase distribution of the vortex light beam becomes transverse phase distribution, and the vortex light beam is converted into plane waves with a certain phase gradient;
the corrected vortex light beams are reflected to the Fourier lens through the beam splitting cube, and are focused to different positions on the charge coupling device through the Fourier lens, so that the spatial separation of different vortex light beams is realized.
Optionally, the general spiral transformation phase includes a spiral transformation term and a lens term, and the mathematical expression of the general spiral transformation phase is:
wherein,for general spiral transformation item->For the lens term, k is the wave number of the light wave, and (x, y) is the Cartesian coordinate of the first phase plane, the parameter a determines the size of the transformed light spot, the parameter b determines the transverse scaling of the transformed light spot, d is the distance between the two phase planes, m is determined by the spiral line used, represents the number of turns of a point on the plane in the spiral line, and can be derived from the equation of any spiral line.
Optionally, the phase correction includes a spiral transformation correction term and a quadratic phase correction term, and the mathematical expression of the phase correction is:
wherein (u, v) is the Cartesian coordinates of the second phase plane,
for the general spiral transformation correction term for correcting the extra phase due to the spiral transformation +.>Is a secondary phase correction term used to correct for the extra secondary phase due to the fourier transform, the phase gradient being determined by the topological charge number of the vortex beam.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the general vortex optical multiplexing system based on spiral transformation can realize two parts of phase transformation and phase correction simultaneously by using one spatial light modulator, so that the system structure is greatly simplified, and the debugging is simpler;
2. according to the invention, simultaneous sorting of a plurality of vortex beams can be realized by using only two phase elements, so that the sorting efficiency of the system is greatly improved;
3. according to the invention, the azimuth angle of the transverse plane in the traditional sense is expanded through the spiral line, so that the incident light beam can be decomposed by utilizing the spiral line, and the resolution of the final space separation light spot is greatly improved;
4. according to the method, the incident light can be decomposed by utilizing any spiral, so that the resolution requirement of a conversion phase on equipment can be effectively reduced, and different spiral lines can be adopted for different conditions, so that the method is flexible, and the resolution of a final separated light spot can be effectively improved;
5. the correction phase provided by the invention is irrelevant to specific spiral line parameters, so that the same correction phase element can be matched with a plurality of different spiral conversion elements, and the correction phase element has the characteristics of flexibility and applicability.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a block diagram of a general eddy current multiplexing system based on spiral transformation according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 2a and 2b are graphs comparing the effects of conventional logarithmic spiral transformation and the general spiral transformation provided by embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a general vortex light multiplexing method based on spiral transformation provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
The general vortex optical multiplexing system based on spiral transformation provided by the embodiment of the invention in fig. 1 is a structural block diagram, as shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a beam splitting cube 1, a right angle prism 2, a Fourier lens 3 and a spatial light modulator 4, wherein the beam splitting cube 1 is used for reflecting an incident vortex light beam to the spatial light modulator 4; the right-angle prism 2 is used for changing the direction of the light reflected from the spatial light modulator 4 so that the light is incident on the spatial light modulator 4 again; the spatial light modulator 4 adopts a reflective spatial light modulator, and the reflective spatial light modulator 4 is used for respectively carrying out spiral transformation and phase correction on the light beams which are twice incident; the fourier lens 3 is used to focus the phase-corrected oblique plane wave to different positions on a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) to achieve spatial separation.
Vortex light with different topological charges is utilized for incidence in a combined way, and the wavelength of the vortex light is 633nm. The resolution of the spatial light modulator 4 is 3840×2160, the pixel pitch is 3.74um, the resolution of half of the spatial light modulator 4 is 1920×2160, and q (x, y) and P (u, v) are the common spiral conversion phase and correction phase of the left and right half portions, respectively. The incident light beam is firstly reflected to the left half part of the spatial light modulator 4 by the beam splitting cube 1, is modulated by the left half part general spiral transformation phase, is reflected out of the spatial light modulator 4, and is changed in direction by the right-angle prism 2, so that the incident light beam is normally incident to the right half part of the spatial light modulator 4 after passing through the beam splitting cube 1, and is mapped into long strip-shaped light spots according to preset transformation; after correction phase modulation, the additional phase introduced by the transformation phase and Fourier transformation in the light spot is modulated, so that the angular phase distribution of the vortex light beam is changed into transverse phase distribution, and the vortex light beam is converted into plane waves with certain phase gradients; finally, the plane waves are reflected to the Fourier lens 3 through the beam splitting cube 1, and different plane waves are focused to different positions on the CCD on the focal plane by the Fourier lens 3, so that space separation is realized.
In this embodiment, the number of the beam splitting cubes 1 is two, and it should be noted that a piece of black paper is sandwiched between the two beam splitting cubes to prevent the light beam from leaking, which affects the final result.
In this embodiment, the spatial light modulator 4 includes two parts of transformation and correction, where the transformation part is configured to decompose an incident vortex beam on a first phase plane according to a preset spiral form, and map the decomposed vortex beam into a line segment on a second phase plane; the correction part is used for carrying out phase correction on the light spot after transformation on the second phase surface and correcting the extra phase caused by other factors such as transformation.
Further, the transformation part is mainly a general spiral transformation phase, which is composed of two terms: spiral transform term and lens term. The mathematical expression of the spiral transformation phase is:
wherein,in the case of a general purpose spiral transformation term,is a lens term.
The general spiral transformation term can decompose the annular vortex beam along a given spiral line, so that the annular vortex beam can be regarded as a beam formed by a plurality of spiral groups, then the annular vortex beam is focused to a second phase surface by the lens term, fourier transformation is performed, so that each spiral group is mapped into a strip-shaped light spot, and the original spiral phase distributed along the angle direction is also converted into a gradient phase distributed along the transverse direction. k is the wavenumber of the light wave used, (x, y) is the Cartesian coordinate of the first phase plane, parameter a determines the size of the transformed spot, parameter b determines the lateral scaling of the transformed spot, d is the distance between the two phase planes, m is determined by the spiral used, represents the number of turns of a point on the plane within the spiral, can be derived from the equation for any spiral, for example, r=r for an archimedes spiral 0 +a (θ+2mpi), thusWherein->Representing rounding.
Further, the correction section is mainly a correction phase, and is composed of two terms: a spiral transformation correction term and a secondary phase correction term. The mathematical expression of the phase correction section is:
wherein (u, v) is the Cartesian coordinates of the second phase plane,for the general spiral transformation correction term for correcting the extra phase due to the spiral transformation +.>Is a secondary phase correction term used to correct for the extra secondary phase due to the fourier transform. In this way, the vortex beam becomes an inclined plane wave with a certain phase gradient after spiral transformation and phase correction, the phase gradient is determined by the topological charge number l of the vortex beam, and the vortex beam is focused to different positions on the CCD by the final Fourier lens 3, so that the spatial separation of different vortex beams is realized.
In this embodiment, the charge coupled device CCD is arranged in the focal plane of the fourier lens 3.
Theoretical advantage analysis of this example is shown in fig. 2a and fig. 2b, fig. 2a and fig. 2b are graphs comparing the effects of conventional logarithmic spiral transformation and general spiral transformation provided by the embodiments of the present invention, fig. 2a and fig. 2b compare the number of turns of the same incident spot after logarithmic spiral and archimedes spiral decomposition, where fig. 2a adopts conventional logarithmic spiral transformation, and fig. 2b is archimedes spiral adopted in the present invention, and the step value of each turn will increase by a multiple number due to the mathematical property of the logarithmic spiral itself, whereas in the present invention, the archimedes spiral can always rotate several turns more than the logarithmic spiral under the same incident spot due to the characteristic of constant step value of the archimedes spiral, so that the length of the transformed spot is longer, and the final focused spot is smaller, and a better resolution effect is obtained.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a general vortex light multiplexing method based on spiral transformation, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the method comprises the following steps:
s1: the incident light beam is reflected to the spatial light modulator by the beam splitting cube, is reflected out of the spatial light modulator after being subjected to general spiral transformation phase modulation, and is incident to the spatial light modulator after the direction of the light beam is changed by the right-angle prism, so that a preset transformation light spot is obtained;
specifically, the incident beam is reflected to the left half part of the spatial light modulator 4 by the beam splitting cube, after being modulated by the left half part general spiral transformation phase, the incident beam is reflected out of the spatial light modulator 4, and then the direction of the beam is changed by the right-angle prism 2, so that the beam is normally incident to the right half part of the spatial light modulator 4 after passing through the beam splitting cube 1, and is mapped into a long strip-shaped light spot according to the preset transformation.
The general spiral transformation phase consists of two terms: spiral transform term and lens term. The mathematical expression of the spiral transformation phase is as follows:
wherein,in the case of a general purpose spiral transformation term,is a lens term. The general spiral transformation term can decompose the annular vortex beam along a given spiral line, so that the annular vortex beam can be regarded as a beam composed of a plurality of spiral groups, the annular vortex beam is focused to a second phase plane by the lens term, fourier transformation is performed, so that each spiral group is mapped into a strip-shaped light spot, and the original spiral phase distributed along the angle direction is also converted into a gradient distributed along the transverse directionPhase position. k is the wavenumber of the light wave used, (x, y) is the Cartesian coordinate of the first phase plane, parameter a determines the size of the transformed spot, parameter b determines the lateral scaling of the transformed spot, d is the distance between the two phase planes, m is determined by the spiral used, represents the number of turns of a point on the plane within the spiral, can be derived from the equation for any spiral, for example, r=r for an archimedes spiral 0 +a (θ+2mpi), thusWherein->Representing rounding.
S2: correcting the extra phase introduced by the transformation phase and Fourier transformation in the light spot through a phase correction element, so that the angular phase distribution of the vortex light beam becomes transverse phase distribution, and the vortex light beam is converted into plane waves with a certain phase gradient;
specifically, the phase correction section is also composed of two terms: a spiral transformation correction term and a secondary phase correction term. The mathematical expression of the phase correction section is:
wherein (u, v) is the Cartesian coordinates of the second phase plane,for the general spiral transformation correction term for correcting the extra phase due to the spiral transformation +.>Is a secondary phase correction term used to correct for the extra secondary phase due to the fourier transform. Thus, the vortex beam is changed into inclined plane wave with different phase gradient after spiral transformation and phase correction, and the phase gradient is changed from the topology of the vortex beamThe number of charges/is determined.
S3: the corrected vortex light beams are reflected to the Fourier lens through the beam splitting cube, and are focused to different positions on the charge coupling device through the Fourier lens, so that the spatial separation of different vortex light beams is realized.
Specifically, the spatial separation is achieved by focusing different plane waves to different positions on the charge coupled device via beam splitting cube reflection to a fourier lens. It should be noted that a black sheet of paper is sandwiched between the two beam splitting cubes to prevent leakage of the beam, affecting the final result. And, the charge coupled device is disposed on a focal plane of the fourier lens.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the general vortex optical multiplexing system based on spiral transformation can realize two parts of phase transformation and phase correction simultaneously by using one spatial light modulator, so that the system structure is greatly simplified, and the debugging is simpler;
2. according to the invention, simultaneous sorting of a plurality of vortex beams can be realized by using only two phase elements, so that the sorting efficiency of the system is greatly improved;
3. according to the invention, the azimuth angle of the transverse plane in the traditional sense is expanded through the spiral line, so that the incident light beam can be decomposed by utilizing the spiral line, and the resolution of the final space separation light spot is greatly improved;
4. according to the method, the incident light can be decomposed by utilizing any spiral, so that the resolution requirement of a conversion phase on equipment can be effectively reduced, and different spiral lines can be adopted for different conditions, so that the method is flexible, and the resolution of a final separated light spot can be effectively improved;
5. the correction phase provided by the invention is irrelevant to specific spiral line parameters, so that the same correction phase element can be matched with a plurality of different spiral conversion elements, and the correction phase element has the characteristics of flexibility and applicability. .
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (4)
1. The system for realizing the spiral-transformation-based general vortex light multiplexing method comprises a beam splitting cube, a right-angle prism, a Fourier lens and a spatial light modulator, wherein the beam splitting cube is used for reflecting an incident vortex light beam to the spatial light modulator, the right-angle prism is used for changing the direction of the light reflected from the spatial light modulator to make the light beam incident to the spatial light modulator again, the spatial light modulator is used for respectively carrying out spiral transformation and phase correction on the light beam which is incident twice, and the Fourier lens is used for focusing plane waves after the phase correction to different positions on a charge coupled device so as to realize spatial separation;
the method comprises the following steps:
the incident light beam is reflected to the spatial light modulator by the beam splitting cube, is reflected out of the spatial light modulator after being subjected to general spiral transformation phase modulation, and is incident to the spatial light modulator after the direction of the light beam is changed by the right-angle prism, so that a preset transformation light spot is obtained;
correcting the extra phase introduced by the transformation phase and Fourier transformation in the light spot through a phase correction element, so that the angular phase distribution of the vortex light beam becomes transverse phase distribution, and the vortex light beam is converted into plane waves with a certain phase gradient;
the corrected vortex light beams are reflected to a Fourier lens through a beam splitting cube, and are focused to different positions on a charge coupling device through the Fourier lens, so that the spatial separation of different vortex light beams is realized;
the general spiral transformation phase comprises a spiral transformation term and a lens term, and the mathematical expression of the general spiral transformation phase is as follows:
wherein,for general spiral transformation item->For the lens term, k is the wave number of the light wave, and (x, y) is the Cartesian coordinate of the first phase plane, the parameter a determines the size of the light spot after transformation, the parameter b determines the transverse scaling of the light spot after transformation, d is the distance between the two phase planes, m is determined by the spiral line used, represents the number of turns of a certain point on the plane in the spiral line, and can be derived from the equation of any spiral line;
the phase correction comprises a spiral transformation correction term and a secondary phase correction term, and the mathematical expression of the phase correction is as follows:
wherein (u, v) is the Cartesian coordinates of the second phase plane, +.>For the general spiral transformation correction term for correcting the extra phase due to the spiral transformation +.>Is a secondary phase correction term used to correct for the extra secondary phase due to the fourier transform, the phase gradient being determined by the topological charge number of the vortex beam.
2. The spiral-conversion-based general vortex light multiplexing method according to claim 1, wherein the spatial light modulator comprises a conversion part and a correction part, an incident vortex light beam is firstly reflected to the conversion part of the spatial light modulator by a beam splitting cube, is reflected out of the spatial light modulator after being modulated by a general spiral conversion phase of the conversion part, and is changed in beam direction by a right-angle prism, so that the light beam is reflected to the correction part of the spatial light modulator after being split cube, and is mapped to light spots according to preset conversion.
3. The spiral-transform-based general vortex light multiplexing method according to claim 2, wherein the transforming part is configured to decompose an incident vortex light beam according to a preset spiral form on a first phase plane and map the decomposed vortex light beam into line segments on a second phase plane; the correction section is configured to perform phase correction on the transformed light spot on the second phase plane, correcting an extra phase due to the transformed phase and the fourier transform.
4. The spiral-transform-based general vortex light multiplexing method of claim 1 wherein the charge coupled device is disposed at a focal plane of the fourier lens.
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| JP2006339783A (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Fourier transform optical apparatus and optically controlled phased array antenna system |
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| JP2006339783A (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Fourier transform optical apparatus and optically controlled phased array antenna system |
| CN110161681A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-23 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of optical rail angular momentum separation system and method |
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