CN114487069A - Early warning device and early warning method for oily sludge - Google Patents
Early warning device and early warning method for oily sludge Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an early warning device and an early warning method for oily sludge, and relates to the technical field of biochemical monitoring. The invention realizes the rapid early warning process of the oily sludge by utilizing the characteristics of mud-water separation and oil migration along with water. The early warning device for the oily sludge is arranged in the petroleum exploitation area, so that the pollution problem of the oily sludge can be early warned on line in real time and quickly. The sludge and sewage separation area is utilized for carrying out sludge-water separation, and then the sewage is conveyed to the bioelectrochemistry early warning area, so that the early warning process of early warning whether the sludge contains oil in real time is realized; when the bioelectrochemistry early warning area carries out early warning on sewage, the carbon source replenishing tank is used for replenishing the carbon source to assist the enrichment and early warning process of microorganisms in the sewage. The early warning device provided by the invention has the advantages of low cost, sensitive early warning and simple operation, is applied to petroleum exploitation areas, and can quickly realize early warning on oily sludge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biochemical monitoring, in particular to an early warning device and an early warning method for oily sludge.
Background
The exploitation and utilization of oil fields greatly improve the national economic level, but also bring about serious oil pollution problems in the exploitation and transportation process, wherein the most influential and difficult to treat is the oily sludge in the oil exploitation process. At present, a mature oily sludge treatment method exists, but the tail end treatment mode causes the problems of resource waste, cost increase and the like. The in-situ and real-time monitoring of the generated oily sludge in the oil exploitation process can effectively improve the treatment efficiency of the oily sludge and reduce the treatment cost. However, due to the complexity and specificity of the components of the oily sludge, methods for monitoring the oily sludge in situ and on line at low cost are lacking.
With the continuous development of the bioelectrochemistry technology, the rapid early warning of pollutants in a water body can be realized by means of the redox process of microorganisms, the early warning principle is mainly carried out by influencing the redox reaction through the activity change of the microorganisms, and common early warning objects comprise heavy metals, organic matters and the like. At present, no bioelectrochemical system capable of being used for oily sludge early warning exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an early warning device and an early warning method for oily sludge, and the early warning device can realize quick early warning for the oily sludge.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an early warning device for oily sludge, which comprises a sludge-sewage separation zone 1 and a bioelectrochemistry early warning zone 5 communicated with a water outlet of the sludge-sewage separation zone 1;
the bioelectrochemistry early warning area 5 comprises a shell, and a steel mesh-graphite structure anode 6 and a steel mesh counter electrode 7 which are arranged in the shell; the bioelectrochemistry early warning area 5 further comprises a carbon source supplement tank 8 and a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system 10 which are arranged outside the shell;
the carbon source supplementing tank 8 is communicated with the shell; the potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system 10 is electrically connected with the steel mesh-graphite structure anode 6 and the steel mesh counter electrode.
Preferably, the steel mesh-graphite structure anode 6 includes an outer-coated steel mesh and graphite particles filled inside the outer-coated steel mesh.
Preferably, the mesh size of the steel mesh in the steel mesh-graphite structured anode 6 and the steel mesh counter electrode 7 is 20 mesh.
The invention provides an oily sludge early warning method based on the early warning device in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
introducing the sludge sewage into a sludge-sewage separation zone 1 for sludge-water separation to obtain oil-free sewage;
introducing the oil-free sewage into a shell of a bioelectrochemistry early warning area 5, outputting an anode-counter electrode potential difference by using a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system 10, acquiring an initial electric signal, and adding a carbon source into the shell by using a carbon source supplementing tank 8 to construct a bioelectrochemistry early warning system;
and after the initial electric signal is stabilized, introducing the oily sludge to be detected into the sludge-sewage separation zone 1, introducing an oil phase of the oily sludge to be detected into the shell of the bioelectrochemistry early warning zone 5, continuously adding a carbon source, acquiring a real-time electric signal by using the potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system 10, comparing the real-time electric signal with the stabilized initial electric signal, and judging that the oily sludge to be detected contains oil if the real-time electric signal and the stabilized initial electric signal have a difference value.
Preferably, the sludge-water separation method is standing precipitation; the time for separating mud and water is 1-2 h.
Preferably, the flow rate of the oil-free sewage introduced into the shell of the bioelectrochemical early warning area 5 is 5-15 mL/min.
Preferably, the anode-counter electrode potential difference is 0.6-0.8V.
Preferably, the initial electrical signal and the real-time electrical signal are current signals or voltage signals.
Preferably, the carbon source is sodium acetate solution;
when the bioelectrochemistry early warning system is constructed, the adding speed of the carbon source is 1-2 mL/min;
and after the oil phase of the oily sludge to be detected is introduced into the shell of the bioelectrochemistry early warning area 5, the adding speed of the carbon source is 3-4 mL/min.
Preferably, the content of oil in the oily sludge to be detected is more than 5 wt%.
The invention provides an early warning device for oily sludge, which utilizes the characteristics of mud-water separation and oil migration along with water to realize a rapid early warning process for the oily sludge. The early warning device for the oily sludge is arranged in the petroleum exploitation area, so that the pollution problem of the oily sludge can be early warned on line in real time and quickly. The sludge and sewage separation area is utilized for carrying out sludge-water separation, and then the sewage is conveyed to the bioelectrochemistry early warning area, so that the early warning process of early warning whether the sludge contains oil in real time is realized; when the bioelectrochemistry early warning area carries out early warning on sewage, the carbon source supplementing tank is used for supplementing the carbon source, and the enrichment and early warning process of microorganisms in the sewage is assisted. The early warning device provided by the invention has the advantages of low cost, sensitive early warning and simple operation, is applied to petroleum exploitation areas, and can quickly realize early warning on oily sludge.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an early warning device for oily sludge provided by the present invention, wherein 1 is a sludge-sewage separation zone, 2 is sludge, 3 is sewage, 4 is a first submersible pump, 5 is a bioelectrochemical early warning zone, 6 is a steel mesh-graphite structured anode, 7 is a steel mesh counter electrode, 8 is a carbon source supplement tank, 9 is a second submersible pump, and 10 is a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change of current when sludge is not polluted by oil;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the current change in low oil sludge contamination;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the current change in high oil sludge contamination.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an early warning device for oily sludge, which comprises a sludge-sewage separation zone and a bioelectrochemistry early warning zone communicated with a water outlet of the sludge-sewage separation zone;
the bioelectrochemistry early warning area comprises a shell, and a steel mesh-graphite structure anode and a steel mesh counter electrode which are arranged in the shell; the bioelectrochemistry early warning area also comprises a carbon source supplement tank and a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system which are arranged outside the shell;
the carbon source supplementing tank is communicated with the shell; the potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system is electrically connected with the steel mesh-graphite structure anode and the steel mesh counter electrode.
The early warning device provided by the invention comprises a sludge and sewage separation zone. In the present invention, the sludge-sewage separation zone is preferably provided in a mud production zone of an oil production zone for performing mud-water separation. In the invention, the sludge-sewage separation zone is preferably in a rectangular parallelepiped configuration; the length is preferably 3-5 m, the width is preferably 2-4 m, and the height is preferably 0.5-1 m; the shell material of the sludge and sewage separation zone is preferably acrylic.
The early warning device provided by the invention comprises a bioelectrochemistry early warning area communicated with a water outlet of the sludge and sewage separation area. As an embodiment of the invention, a first submersible pump is further arranged between the water outlet of the sludge-sewage separation area and the bioelectrochemical early warning area and is used for controlling the speed of sewage flowing into the bioelectrochemical early warning area.
In the invention, the bioelectrochemical early warning area comprises a shell, and a steel mesh-graphite structured anode and a steel mesh counter electrode which are arranged inside the shell. In the present invention, the housing is preferably of cylindrical configuration; the shell is made of acrylic materials preferably, and the wall thickness is 2-5 mm preferably; the inner diameter of the shell is preferably 1-1.5 m, and the height is preferably 1-1.2 m.
In the present invention, the steel mesh-graphite structured anode includes an outer coated steel mesh and graphite particles filled in the inner portion of the outer coated steel mesh. In the present invention, the steel mesh-graphite structured anode is preferably a cylinder; the diameter of the outer wrapping steel mesh is preferably 0.1-0.2 m, and the height of the outer wrapping steel mesh is preferably 0.5-0.8 m. In the invention, the particle size of the graphite particles is preferably 1-2 cm; the filling amount of the graphite particles is preferably 500-1000 g. The invention adopts the anode with the steel mesh-graphite structure, and has the advantages of simple and practical application, large contact area and high operability.
In the invention, the length of the steel mesh counter electrode is preferably 0.1-0.2 m, and the height of the steel mesh counter electrode is preferably 0.5-0.8 m.
In the present invention, the pore size of the steel mesh in the steel mesh-graphite structured anode and the steel mesh counter electrode is preferably 20 mesh.
In the invention, the distance between the anode of the steel mesh-graphite structure and the steel mesh counter electrode is preferably 0.3-0.5 m.
In the invention, the bioelectrochemistry early warning area also comprises a carbon source supplement tank and a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system which are arranged outside the shell. In the present invention, the carbon source supplement tank is communicated with the housing. As an embodiment of the invention, a second submersible pump is further arranged between the carbon source supplementing tank and the shell and is used for controlling the adding speed of the carbon source. According to the invention, a carbon source supplementing tank is used for supplementing a carbon source into a bioelectrochemistry early warning area to assist the enrichment and early warning process of microorganisms in sewage.
In the present invention, the multifunctional system for potential output-electric signal acquisition is electrically connected with the steel mesh-graphite structure anode and the steel mesh counter electrode, and more preferably connected with a lead. The invention utilizes a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system to output the potential difference between the anode and the counter electrode and can acquire electric signals at the same time.
The invention also provides an oily sludge early warning method based on the early warning device in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
introducing the sludge sewage into a sludge-sewage separation zone, and performing sludge-water separation to obtain oil-free sewage;
introducing the oil-free sewage into a shell of a bioelectrochemistry early warning area, outputting an anode-counter electrode potential difference by using a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system, acquiring an initial electric signal, and adding a carbon source into the shell by using a carbon source supplementing tank to construct a bioelectrochemistry early warning system;
and after the initial electric signal is stabilized, introducing the oily sludge to be detected into a sludge sewage separation zone, allowing the oil phase of the oily sludge to be detected to enter a shell of the bioelectrochemistry early warning zone, continuously adding a carbon source, acquiring a real-time electric signal by using a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system, comparing the real-time electric signal with the stabilized initial electric signal, and judging that the oily sludge to be detected contains oil if the real-time electric signal and the stabilized initial electric signal have a difference value.
The invention leads the sludge and sewage into the sludge and sewage separation zone to carry out sludge-water separation, thus obtaining the oil-free sewage. In the invention, the mud-water separation method is preferably static precipitation; the time for separating mud and water is preferably 1-2 h.
After oil-free sewage is obtained, the oil-free sewage is introduced into a shell of a bioelectrochemistry early warning area, a potential difference between an anode and a counter electrode is output by using a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system, an initial electric signal is acquired, and a carbon source is added into the shell by using a carbon source supplementing tank to construct a bioelectrochemistry early warning system. The invention preferably utilizes a first submersible pump to pump the oil-free sewage into the shell of the bioelectrochemical early warning area. In the invention, the flow rate of the oil-free sewage introduced into the shell of the bioelectrochemistry early warning area is preferably 5-15 mL/min. In the invention, the anode-counter electrode potential difference is preferably 0.6-0.8V. In the present invention, the initial electrical signal is preferably a current signal or a voltage signal, more preferably a current signal. In the present invention, the carbon source is preferably a sodium acetate solution; the solvent of the sodium acetate solution is preferably water; the concentration of the sodium acetate solution is preferably 5 g/L. In the invention, the adding speed of the carbon source is preferably 1-2 mL/min; the volume ratio of the carbon source to the oil-free sewage is preferably 1: 2 to 5.
After the initial electric signal is stabilized, the oily sludge to be detected is introduced into the sludge-sewage separation zone, the oil phase of the oily sludge to be detected enters the shell of the bioelectrochemistry early warning zone, a carbon source is continuously added, a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system is used for acquiring a real-time electric signal, the real-time electric signal is compared with the stabilized initial electric signal, and if the real-time electric signal and the stabilized initial electric signal have a difference value, the oily sludge to be detected is judged to contain oil. In the present invention, the content of oil in the oil-containing sludge to be detected is preferably 5 wt% or more.
In the invention, the oily sludge to be detected is not subjected to standing precipitation after being introduced into the sludge-sewage separation zone, and the oil phase of the oily sludge to be detected is diffused into the oil-free sewage and enters the shell of the bioelectrochemistry early warning zone. In the invention, the flow rate of the oil phase of the oily sludge to be detected entering the shell of the bioelectrochemistry early warning area is preferably 5-15 mL/min. In the invention, the adding speed of the carbon source is preferably 3-4 mL/min. In the invention, after the microorganism is enriched, the carbon source consumption speed is increased, and the adding speed needs to be increased.
In the present invention, the real-time electrical signal is preferably a current signal or a voltage signal, and more preferably a current signal.
In the invention, when the real-time electric signal is acquired for 5min, the fluctuation value of the electric signal is more than 5% and less than 50%, and the oil content in the oil-containing sludge is 5-20 wt%; when the fluctuation value of the electric signal is more than 50%, the oil content in the oil-containing sludge is more than 50 wt%.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 Low oil sludge pollution early warning with oil content of 5-20 wt%
1) Construction of sludge and sewage separation zone
The sludge-sewage separation zone is arranged at a sludge production section of a petroleum production zone, the sludge production section is of a cuboid structure with the length of 3m, the width of 2m and the height of 0.5m, the material is acrylic, when sludge passes through the sludge, the sludge and the water are separated after standing and precipitating for 2 hours, a first submersible pump is started, and an oil-free sewage extraction process is completed at the flow rate of 15mL/min, and the structure of the sludge-sewage separation zone is shown in figure 1;
2) bioelectrochemical early warning area construction
The extracted oil-free sewage is conveyed to a bioelectrochemical early warning area, the area is a cylindrical structure with the diameter of the bottom surface of 1m and the height of 1m, a 20-mesh outer-coated steel mesh of a steel mesh-graphite structure anode is a cylindrical structure with the diameter of 0.1m and the height of 0.5m, graphite particles with the diameter of 1cm are filled in the outer-coated steel mesh, the filling amount is 500g, the length of the 20-mesh steel mesh of a steel mesh counter electrode is 0.1m and the height of 0.5m, the steel mesh-graphite structure anode and the steel mesh counter electrode are electrically connected to a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system, the structure is shown in figure 1, the potential difference between the electrodes is set to be 0.6V, the electric signal is acquired to be current, a carbon source in a carbon source supplementing tank is sodium acetate solution with the concentration of 5g/L, and the water is mixed with the oil-free sewage according to the ratio of 1: 5, when a bioelectrochemistry early warning system is constructed, the supplementing speed is 1mL/min, after a current signal is stable, early warning analysis is carried out, and at the moment, the current signal is as shown in figure 2, the current is gentle and does not fluctuate in any large range, which indicates that the sludge does not contain oil; during early warning, the low-oil sludge is put into the sludge-sewage separation zone, the carbon source supplementing speed is adjusted to be 3mL/min, the current signal is shown in figure 3, and the negative fluctuation of the current indicates that the low-oil sludge contains oil and enters the bioelectrochemical early warning zone.
Example 2 high oil sludge pollution Pre-alarm with oil content above 50 wt%
1) Construction of sludge and sewage separation zone
The sludge-sewage separation zone is arranged at a sludge production section of a petroleum production zone, the sludge production section is of a cuboid structure with the length of 3m, the width of 2m and the height of 0.5m, the material is acrylic, when sludge passes through the sludge, the sludge and the water are separated after standing and precipitating for 2 hours, a first submersible pump is started, and an oil-free sewage extraction process is completed at the flow rate of 15mL/min, and the structure of the sludge-sewage separation zone is shown in figure 1;
2) bioelectrochemical early warning area construction
The extracted oil-free sewage is conveyed to a bioelectrochemical early warning area, the area is a cylindrical structure with the diameter of the bottom surface of 1m and the height of 1m, a 20-mesh outer-coated steel mesh of a steel mesh-graphite structure anode is a cylindrical structure with the diameter of 0.1m and the height of 0.5m, graphite particles with the diameter of 1cm are filled in the outer-coated steel mesh, the filling amount is 500g, the length of the 20-mesh steel mesh of a steel mesh counter electrode is 0.1m and the height of 0.5m, the steel mesh-graphite structure anode and the steel mesh counter electrode are electrically connected to a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system, the structure is shown in figure 1, the potential difference between the electrodes is set to be 0.6V, the electric signal is acquired to be current, a carbon source in a carbon source supplementing tank is sodium acetate solution with the concentration of 5g/L, and the water is mixed with the oil-free sewage according to the ratio of 1: 5, when a bioelectrochemistry early warning system is constructed, the supplementing speed is 1mL/min, after a current signal is stable, early warning analysis is carried out, and at the moment, the current signal is as shown in figure 2, the current is gentle and does not fluctuate in any large range, which indicates that the sludge does not contain oil; during early warning, the high-oil sludge is put into the sludge-sewage separation zone, the carbon source supplementing speed is adjusted to be 3mL/min, the current signal is shown in figure 4, the negative fluctuation of the current is severe, the oil content in the high-oil sludge is shown and enters the bioelectrochemical early warning zone, and the fluctuation amplitude of the current is positively correlated with the oil content in the sludge.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An early warning device for oily sludge comprises a sludge-sewage separation zone (1) and a bioelectrochemistry early warning zone (5) communicated with a water outlet of the sludge-sewage separation zone (1);
the bioelectrochemistry early warning area (5) comprises a shell, and a steel mesh-graphite structure anode (6) and a steel mesh counter electrode (7) which are arranged in the shell; the bioelectrochemistry early warning area (5) also comprises a carbon source supplement tank (8) and a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system (10) which are arranged outside the shell;
the carbon source supplementing tank (8) is communicated with the shell; the potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system (10) is electrically connected with the steel mesh-graphite structure anode (6) and the steel mesh counter electrode (7).
2. The warning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel mesh-graphite structured anode (6) comprises an outer coated steel mesh and graphite particles filled inside the outer coated steel mesh.
3. The warning device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mesh size of the steel mesh in the steel mesh-graphite structured anode (6) and the steel mesh counter electrode (7) is 20 mesh.
4. The oily sludge early warning method based on the early warning device of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps:
introducing the sludge sewage into a sludge sewage separation zone (1) for sludge-water separation to obtain oil-free sewage;
introducing the oil-free sewage into a shell of a bioelectrochemistry early warning area (5), outputting an anode-counter electrode potential difference by using a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system (10), acquiring an initial electric signal, and adding a carbon source into the shell by using a carbon source supplementing tank (8) to construct a bioelectrochemistry early warning system;
and after the initial electric signal is stabilized, introducing the oily sludge to be detected into a sludge-sewage separation zone (1), allowing the oil phase of the oily sludge to be detected to enter a shell of the bioelectrochemistry early warning zone (5), continuously adding a carbon source, acquiring a real-time electric signal by using a potential output-electric signal acquisition multifunctional system (10), comparing the real-time electric signal with the stabilized initial electric signal, and judging that the oily sludge to be detected contains oil if the real-time electric signal and the stabilized initial electric signal have a difference value.
5. The early warning method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mud-water separation method is static precipitation; the time for separating mud and water is 1-2 h.
6. The early warning method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the flow rate of the oil-free sewage flowing into the shell of the bioelectrochemical early warning area (5) is 5-15 mL/min.
7. The early warning method according to claim 4, wherein the anode-counter electrode potential difference is 0.6-0.8V.
8. The warning method of claim 4, wherein the initial electrical signal and the real-time electrical signal are current signals or voltage signals.
9. The early warning method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the carbon source is sodium acetate solution;
when the bioelectrochemistry early warning system is constructed, the adding speed of the carbon source is 1-2 mL/min;
and after the oil phase of the oily sludge to be detected is introduced into the shell of the bioelectrochemistry early warning area (5), the adding speed of the carbon source is 3-4 mL/min.
10. The warning method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the oil content in the oily sludge to be detected is 5 wt% or more.
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