CN114486820A - Inversion method of supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud - Google Patents
Inversion method of supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of detection of liquid water in cloud, and particularly relates to an inversion method of supercooled water in cloud of an airborne microwave radiometer. According to the inversion method of the supercooled water in the cloud of the airborne microwave radiometer, the defects of satellite-borne and foundation microwave radiometers can be overcome through the airborne microwave radiometer, the supercooled water in the cloud is measured by changing the flight position, the method is an effective means for detecting a mannequin operation potential area-supercooled water area, factors such as aircraft height change, establishment of a supercooled water distribution profile and influence of temperature on cloud water phase state are considered in an algorithm, and therefore the inversion accuracy of the supercooled water is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of liquid water in cloud, in particular to an inversion method of supercooled water in cloud of an airborne microwave radiometer.
Background
At present, there are many means for detecting liquid water in cloud at home and abroad, there are systems for detecting and measuring PMS (DMT) particles by radar, the radar can obtain the liquid water content in cloud by establishing indirect relation inversion of reflectivity factor and the liquid water content in cloud, but the conventional radar cannot detect supercooled water because the conventional radar cannot distinguish solid particles from liquid particles in the detection process; the hot-wire moisture content meter can directly detect the cloud water, but has low sampling rate, discontinuous measurement and large error, and is not suitable for measuring supercooled water with low content originally;
the PMS (DMT) particle measurement system can automatically and continuously measure particles with different scales in the cloud, but has the limit of the capability of distinguishing liquid particles from solid particles like a radar;
the microwave radiometer can detect the supercooled water from the cloud in a mixed phase state, and has unique advantages in the aspect of quantitatively measuring cloud liquid water (including the supercooled water), but the satellite-borne microwave radiometer is limited by spatial resolution, the position of the foundation microwave radiometer is fixed, the detection range is limited, and the requirement of people shadow detection on the supercooled water cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the prior art, the invention provides an inversion method of supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud.
The invention provides an inversion method of supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud, which comprises a cold cloud antenna sample data set establishing module, a supercooled water vertical distribution profile establishing module, a bright temperature value calculating module, a supercooled water inversion equation establishing module and an inversion equation algorithm checking module, wherein the supercooled water vertical distribution profile establishing module establishes a supercooled water vertical distribution profile for data in the cold cloud antenna sample data set, the bright temperature value calculating module receives microwave radiation above the flying height of an airplane through an airborne microwave radiometer, calculates the received four channel sky bright temperature values through an airborne air microwave radiation transmission equation, and establishes a supercooled water inversion equation through the supercooled water inversion equation establishing module;
the supercooled water inversion equation establishing module trains all cloud day samples by adopting a BP neural network algorithm to establish a supercooled water inversion equation;
and the inversion equation algorithm checking module is used for checking the supercooled water inversion equation established by the supercooled water inversion equation establishing module through a numerical simulation checking method, a factor analysis method and a verification method by utilizing other observation data.
Preferably, the cold cloud sample data set building module selects historical sounding data of the sounding station, and diagnoses the cloud sample by taking the relative humidity corresponding to the lowest cloud base height except for the precipitation cloud in the observation data as a threshold on the basis of the model.
Preferably, in order to adapt to airborne detection supercooled water inversion, cloud-free samples above a zero-degree layer are removed, and different values are taken for the lowest height of each time sounding data.
Preferably, the supercooled water vertical distribution profile establishing module calculates the vertically accumulated supercooled water, and determines the densities of solid water and liquid water in the cloud according to the thickness of the cloud layer on the basis of the model.
Preferably, the density of the supercooled water in the cloud is calculated by utilizing the functional relation between the total amount of the cloud water and the cloud liquid water and the cloud solid water, and the supercooled water is vertically accumulated along the height integral.
Preferably, the brightness temperature value calculation module observes at the aircraft flying height through an airborne microwave radiometer and receives microwave radiation from above, the observation mode is a frequency sweep method, and an airborne-to-air microwave radiation transmission equation can be adopted:
in the formula: t is0The unit is K, which represents the brightness and temperature of the universe background, and the constant is generally 2.7K;
z0the unit is m, and the flying height of the airplane is represented;
f is Ghz and represents the working frequency of the radiometer;
the alpha unit is K.m < -1 > and represents the sum of water vapor, oxygen and cloud liquid water absorption coefficients corresponding to 183 GHz;
and calculating four channel sky brightness temperature values received by the microwave radiometer at the flight altitude of the simulated airplane through a microwave radiation transmission equation.
Preferably, four channel sky brightness temperature values received by a microwave radiometer at the simulated aircraft flying altitude, the minimum altitude of the cloud sky sample of the cold cloud and 6 variables of the temperature corresponding to the minimum altitude are calculated through an air microwave radiation transmission equation, and vertically accumulated supercooled water is used as an output variable.
Preferably, the numerical simulation test method establishes a cloud sky sample data set of the cold cloud on the basis of historical exploration data, respectively and directly estimates the vertically accumulated supercooled water by using the exploration data, calculates the vertically accumulated supercooled water by using an inversion equation, and performs comparative analysis of relative errors and absolute errors on the vertically accumulated supercooled water obtained by the two methods.
Preferably, the factor analysis method estimates error ranges of all factors according to the factors of calibration, an atmospheric background field and a cloud model, estimates detection errors of the supercooled water according to error transfer of an inversion equation algorithm of the supercooled water, and analyzes main sources of the detection errors.
Preferably, the method for verifying the GVR detection result by using other observation data is designed and implemented to carry out a reasonable external field observation test, whether the cloud layer contains supercooled water or not and whether the supercooled water is abundant or not is analyzed by using a hot-wire moisture content instrument, a particle measurement system DMT and an X-band dual-polarization radar, and the vertically accumulated supercooled water is calculated by inversion according to the brightness temperature data detected by the GVR, so that the brightness temperature data is accurate, the quality of the brightness temperature data is controlled before inversion, and then comparative analysis is carried out to verify the rationality of the GVR detection result.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the defects of satellite-borne and foundation microwave radiometers can be overcome through the airborne microwave radiometer, the supercooled water in the cloud is measured by changing the flight position, the method is an effective means for detecting a figure operation potential area-supercooled water area, factors such as aircraft height change, establishment of supercooled water distribution profile and influence of temperature on cloud water phase states are considered in an algorithm, and the supercooled water inversion accuracy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of a method for inversion of subcooled water in an airborne microwave radiometer cloud according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an inversion equation algorithm inspection module of the inversion method of supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the inversion method of supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud comprises a cold cloud antenna sample data set establishment module, a supercooled water vertical distribution profile establishment module, a bright temperature value calculation module, a supercooled water inversion equation establishment module and an inversion equation algorithm inspection module, wherein the supercooled water vertical distribution profile establishment module establishes a supercooled water vertical distribution profile for data in the cold cloud antenna sample data set, the bright temperature value calculation module receives microwave radiation above the flying height of an airplane through an airborne microwave radiometer, calculates the received four channel sky bright temperature values through an airborne air microwave radiation transmission equation, and establishes a supercooled water inversion equation through the supercooled water inversion equation establishment module;
further, the cold cloud sample data set establishing module selects 2009-2018 sounding data of a Beijing sounding station (54511) to remove data missing data, and diagnoses the cloud sample by taking the relative humidity corresponding to the lowest cloud base height except for precipitation cloud in the observation data as a threshold on the basis of a Decker model; in order to adapt to airborne detection supercooled water inversion, non-cloud samples above a zero-degree layer are removed, different numerical values are taken for the lowest height (simulated aircraft flight height above the zero-degree layer) of each time of sounding data, and a cold cloud sky sample data set is established;
further, the supercooled water vertical distribution profile establishing module calculates vertically accumulated supercooled water, and on the basis of a Decker model, the densities of solid water and liquid water in the cloud are determined according to the thickness of a cloud layer; considering the influence of temperature on the phase state of the cloud water, calculating the density of the supercooled water in the cloud by utilizing the functional relation between the total amount of the cloud water and the cloud liquid water and the cloud solid water, establishing a vertical distribution profile of the supercooled water, and calculating the vertically accumulated supercooled water along the height integral;
furthermore, the brightness temperature value calculation module observes at the flying height of the airplane through the airborne microwave radiometer and receives microwave radiation from the upper part of the airborne microwave radiometer, the observation mode is a frequency sweep method, and an airborne-to-air microwave radiation transmission equation can be adopted:
in the formula: t is0The unit is K, which represents the brightness and temperature of the universe background, and the constant is generally 2.7K;
z0the unit is m, and the flying height of the airplane is represented;
f is Ghz and represents the working frequency of the radiometer;
the alpha unit is K.m < -1 > and represents the sum of water vapor, oxygen and cloud liquid water absorption coefficients corresponding to 183 GHz;
the sky brightness temperature values of four channels received by the microwave radiometer at the flight altitude of the simulated airplane can be calculated through a microwave radiation transmission equation;
the supercooled water inversion equation establishing module is used for calculating four channel sky brightness temperature values received by a microwave radiometer at the simulated aircraft flight altitude, the minimum altitude of the cloud sky samples of the cold clouds and 6 variables of the corresponding temperature of the minimum altitude through an air microwave radiation transmission equation, taking vertically accumulated supercooled water as an output variable, training all the cloud sky samples by adopting a BP neural network algorithm, and establishing a supercooled water inversion equation;
the inversion equation algorithm checking module is used for checking the supercooled water inversion equation established by the supercooled water inversion equation establishing module through a numerical simulation checking method, a factor analysis method and a verification method by utilizing other observation data;
further, the numerical simulation inspection method establishes a cloud day sample data set of the cold cloud on the basis of historical exploration data, respectively and directly estimates the vertically accumulated supercooled water by utilizing the exploration data, calculates the vertically accumulated supercooled water by utilizing an inversion equation, and carries out comparative analysis on relative errors and absolute errors of the vertically accumulated supercooled water obtained by the two methods.
Further, the factor analysis method estimates error ranges of all factors according to the factors of calibration, an atmospheric background field and a cloud model, estimates detection errors of the supercooled water according to error transfer of an inversion equation algorithm of the supercooled water, and analyzes main sources of the detection errors.
Furthermore, reasonable external field observation tests are designed and implemented by using other observation data evidencing methods, whether the cloud layer contains supercooled water or not and whether the supercooled water is abundant or not are analyzed by using a hot-wire moisture content meter, a particle measurement system DMT and an X-band dual-polarization radar, the vertically accumulated supercooled water is calculated by inversion according to the brightness temperature data detected by GVR, the brightness temperature data is subjected to quality control before inversion, then comparative analysis is carried out, and the rationality of the GVR detection result is verified.
The defects of satellite-borne and foundation microwave radiometers can be overcome through the airborne microwave radiometer, the supercooled water in the cloud is measured by changing the flight position, the method is an effective means for detecting a figure operation potential area-supercooled water area, the aircraft height change is considered in the algorithm, and the calculation error is reduced through the inversion equation algorithm inspection module, so that the inversion accuracy of the supercooled water is improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An inversion method of supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud is characterized by comprising the following steps: the system comprises a cold cloud antenna sample data set establishing module, a supercooled water vertical distribution profile establishing module, a bright temperature value calculating module, a supercooled water inversion equation establishing module and an inversion equation algorithm checking module, wherein the supercooled water vertical distribution profile establishing module establishes a supercooled water vertical distribution profile for data in the cold cloud antenna sample data set, the bright temperature value calculating module receives microwave radiation above the flying height of an airplane through an airborne microwave radiometer, calculates the received four channel sky bright temperature values through an airborne-to-air microwave radiation transmission equation, and establishes a supercooled water inversion equation through the supercooled water inversion equation establishing module;
the supercooled water inversion equation establishing module trains all cloud day samples by adopting a BP neural network algorithm to establish a supercooled water inversion equation;
and the inversion equation algorithm checking module is used for checking the supercooled water inversion equation established by the supercooled water inversion equation establishing module through a numerical simulation checking method, a factor analysis method and a verification method by utilizing other observation data.
2. The method for inverting supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud according to claim 1, characterized by: the cold cloud sample data set building module selects historical sounding data of the sounding station, and diagnoses the cloud day sample by taking the relative humidity corresponding to the lowest cloud base height except the precipitation cloud in the observation data as a threshold value on the basis of the model.
3. The method for inverting supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud according to claim 2, characterized in that: in order to adapt to airborne detection supercooled water inversion, cloud-free samples above a zero-degree layer are removed, and different values are taken for the lowest height of each time sounding data.
4. The method for inverting supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud according to claim 1, characterized by: the supercooled water vertical distribution profile establishing module calculates vertically accumulated supercooled water, and determines the density of solid water and liquid water in the cloud according to the thickness of the cloud layer on the basis of a model.
5. The method for inverting supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud according to claim 4, characterized in that: and calculating the density of the supercooled water in the cloud by utilizing the functional relation between the total amount of the cloud water and the cloud liquid water and the cloud solid water, and calculating the vertically accumulated supercooled water along the height integral.
6. The method for inverting supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud according to claim 1, characterized by: the brightness temperature value calculation module observes at the flying height of the airplane through the airborne microwave radiometer and receives microwave radiation from the upper part of the airplane, the observation mode is a frequency sweep method, and an airborne-to-air microwave radiation transmission equation can be adopted:
in the formula: t is0The unit is K, which represents the brightness and temperature of the universe background, and a constant of 2.7K is taken;
z0the unit is m, and the flying height of the airplane is represented;
f is Ghz and represents the working frequency of the radiometer;
the alpha unit is K.m < -1 > and represents the sum of water vapor, oxygen and cloud liquid water absorption coefficients corresponding to 183 GHz;
and calculating four channel sky brightness values received by the microwave radiometer at the flight altitude of the simulated airplane through a microwave radiation transmission equation.
7. The method for inverting supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud according to claim 6, characterized in that: four channel sky brightness temperature values received by a microwave radiometer at the simulated aircraft flying height, the minimum height of a cloud sky sample of the cold cloud and 6 variables of the corresponding temperature of the minimum height are calculated through an air microwave radiation transmission equation and used as input variables, and vertically accumulated supercooled water is used as an output variable.
8. The method for inverting supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud according to claim 1, characterized in that: the numerical simulation inspection method establishes a cold cloud sky sample data set on the basis of historical exploration data, vertically accumulated supercooled water is directly estimated by utilizing the exploration data, the vertically accumulated supercooled water is calculated by utilizing an inversion equation, and the vertically accumulated supercooled water obtained by the two methods is subjected to comparative analysis of relative errors and absolute errors.
9. The method for inverting supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud according to claim 1, characterized by: the factor analysis method estimates error ranges of all factors according to the factors of calibration, an atmospheric background field and a cloud model, estimates detection errors of the supercooled water according to error transfer of an inversion equation algorithm of the supercooled water, and analyzes main sources of the detection errors.
10. The method for inverting supercooled water in airborne microwave radiometer cloud according to claim 1, characterized by: the method comprises the steps of designing and implementing a reasonable external field observation test by using other observation data evidential methods, analyzing whether a cloud layer contains supercooled water or not and whether the supercooled water is abundant or not by using a hot-wire moisture content instrument, a particle measurement system DMT and an X-waveband dual-polarization radar, calculating and inverting the vertically accumulated supercooled water according to the brightness temperature data detected by the GVR, performing quality control on the brightness temperature data before inversion for ensuring the accuracy of the brightness temperature data, and then performing comparative analysis to verify the reasonability of the GVR detection result.
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| CN115079304A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-20 | 锡林浩特国家气候观象台 | Microwave radiometer for simulating cloud water distribution and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115079304A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-20 | 锡林浩特国家气候观象台 | Microwave radiometer for simulating cloud water distribution and method |
| CN115079304B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-08-22 | 锡林浩特国家气候观象台 | Microwave radiometer and method for simulating cloud water distribution |
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