CN114486565A - Rock structural surface dynamic bidirectional shearing experimental system under constant normal stiffness condition - Google Patents
Rock structural surface dynamic bidirectional shearing experimental system under constant normal stiffness condition Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic bidirectional shear experimental system for a rock structural surface under the condition of constant normal stiffness, which comprises a fixed assembly, wherein a shear test piece is fixedly arranged in the fixed assembly; the upper end and the lower end of the fixed assembly are respectively abutted with a normal loading assembly, and two side edges of the fixed assembly are respectively abutted with a shearing loading assembly; the fixed component is provided with a monitoring component which is electrically connected with a control panel; the normal loading assembly and the shearing loading assembly are communicated with the same hydraulic oil cylinder, and the hydraulic oil cylinder is electrically connected with the control panel. The rock structural plane dynamic bidirectional shearing experimental system constructed by the invention under the condition of constant normal stiffness has high shearing slip similarity with the rock structural plane under the natural condition, and the obtained experimental data is more accurate, thereby providing data support for the research of the shearing characteristic of the rock structural plane.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass engineering, in particular to a dynamic bidirectional shearing experimental system for a rock structural plane under the condition of constant normal stiffness.
Background
The shear property of the rock mass structural plane is important for stability evaluation of rock mass engineering such as slope engineering, tunnel engineering and the like, and meanwhile, the shear strength parameter of the rock mass structural plane is a key index for prediction and prevention of geological disasters or engineering diseases such as landslide, tunnel soft rock large deformation and the like. Shearing in the tangential direction of the structural plane, namely direct shearing (direct shearing), is the most common test means for measuring the structural plane of the rock mass, and is widely applied. Furthermore, there are considerable working conditions to determine the shear mechanical properties of the rock mass structural plane under the cyclic shear condition, so it is very important to develop a suitable structural plane cyclic shear test device and test method thereof.
The existing rock mass structural plane shear test device can only simulate the shear test under the condition of a constant normal stress boundary, and the shear test under the condition of the constant normal stiffness boundary closer to the actual situation is rarely involved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic bidirectional shearing experimental system for a rock structural surface under the condition of constant normal stiffness so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a dynamic bidirectional shear experimental system for a rock structural plane under the condition of constant normal stiffness, which comprises a fixed assembly, wherein a shear test piece is fixedly arranged in the fixed assembly; the upper end and the lower end of the fixed assembly are respectively abutted with a normal loading assembly, and two side edges of the fixed assembly are respectively abutted with a shearing loading assembly;
the fixed component is provided with a monitoring component which is electrically connected with a control panel;
the normal loading assembly and the shearing loading assembly are communicated with the same hydraulic oil cylinder, and the hydraulic oil cylinder is electrically connected with the control panel.
Preferably, the fixing assembly comprises an upper shearing box and a lower shearing box which are arranged correspondingly up and down, and a half of the shearing test piece is fixedly arranged in each of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box; the normal loading assembly is respectively abutted with the top end of the upper shearing box and the bottom end of the lower shearing box; the shearing loading assembly is respectively abutted against the left side and the right side of the upper shearing box and the left side and the right side of the lower shearing box; the monitoring assemblies are respectively fixedly installed at the top end and the left and right sides of the upper shearing box and the bottom end and the left and right sides of the lower shearing box.
Preferably, the normal loading assembly comprises an upper normal loading hydraulic rod abutting against the top end of the upper shear box and a lower normal loading hydraulic rod abutting against the bottom end of the lower shear box; the shearing loading assembly comprises a first shearing loading hydraulic rod and a second shearing loading hydraulic rod which are respectively abutted against the left side wall and the right side wall of the upper shearing box, and a third shearing loading hydraulic rod and a fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod which are abutted against the left side wall and the right side wall of the lower shearing box; the first shearing loading hydraulic rod and the third shearing loading hydraulic rod are located on the same side and are arranged in an up-down corresponding mode, and the second shearing loading hydraulic rod and the fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod are located on the same side and are arranged in an up-down corresponding mode.
Preferably, the monitoring assembly comprises a first normal displacement sensor and a first normal force sensor, a second normal displacement sensor and a second normal force sensor, a first shear displacement sensor and a first shear force sensor, a second shear force sensor, a third shear displacement sensor and a third shear force sensor, and a fourth shear force sensor; the first normal direction displacement sensor and the first normal direction force sensor correspond to the upper normal direction loading hydraulic rod, the second normal direction displacement sensor and the second normal direction force sensor correspond to the lower normal direction loading hydraulic rod, the first shearing displacement sensor and the first shearing force sensor correspond to the first shearing loading hydraulic rod, the second shearing force sensor corresponds to the second shearing loading hydraulic rod, the third shearing displacement sensor and the third shearing force sensor correspond to the third shearing loading hydraulic rod, and the fourth shearing force sensor corresponds to the fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod.
Preferably, the top surface and the two side surfaces of the upper shearing box are respectively and fixedly connected with a limiting slide rail, and the bottom surface and the two side surfaces of the lower shearing box are also respectively and fixedly connected with the limiting slide rails; the output ends of the upper normal loading hydraulic rod, the lower normal loading hydraulic rod, the first shearing loading hydraulic rod, the second shearing loading hydraulic rod, the third shearing loading hydraulic rod and the fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod are respectively in sliding connection with the corresponding limiting slide rails.
The dynamic bidirectional shearing experimental method for the rock structural surface under the condition of constant normal stiffness comprises the following steps:
step S1, assembling the shearing experiment system;
step S2, mounting a shearing test piece;
step S3, installing an upper cutting box and a lower cutting box and manually aligning;
step S4, starting the first shear loading hydraulic rod and the second shear loading hydraulic rod, keeping the loads of the first shear loading hydraulic rod and the second shear loading hydraulic rod the same and locking the first shear loading hydraulic rod and the second shear loading hydraulic rod;
step S5, starting the third shear loading hydraulic rod and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod, keeping the loads of the third shear loading hydraulic rod and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod the same and locking the third shear loading hydraulic rod and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod;
step S6, starting the upper normal loading hydraulic rod and the lower normal loading hydraulic rod, and keeping the same loading of the upper normal loading hydraulic rod and the lower normal loading hydraulic rod;
step S7, unlocking the third shear loading hydraulic rod and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod, and loading shear force on the lower shear box to form lower shear displacement;
step S8, unlocking the first shearing loading hydraulic rod and the second shearing loading hydraulic rod, and loading shearing force on the upper shearing box to form upper shearing displacement;
and step S9, recording experimental data.
Preferably, in step S3, the contact surface of the cut test piece divided into two halves is rough to form a cut surface.
Preferably, in step S7, the load amounts of the third shear loading hydraulic rod and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod are varied in an oscillating manner, and the oscillating manner includes, but is not limited to, a sine function and a cosine function.
Preferably, in step S8, the loading amounts of the first shear-loading hydraulic lever and the second shear-loading hydraulic lever are varied in an oscillating manner, and the oscillating manner includes, but is not limited to, a sine function and a cosine function.
Preferably, in step S7 and step S8, the upper normal loading hydraulic lever and the lower normal loading hydraulic lever are iteratively changed, and the iterative formula is as follows:
σn′(t+Δt)＝σn′(t)+kn·dn
wherein σn' is the normal stress, kn is the normal stiffness, σn' is the normal stress at the next time, σn' Normal stress at this time, dnIs the normal displacement of the shear test piece; k is a radical ofnThe value of (a) is assigned according to the actual formation condition to be simulated.
The invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention discloses a dynamic bidirectional shearing experiment system for a rock structural plane under a constant normal stiffness condition, wherein a hydraulic oil cylinder drives a normal loading assembly and a shearing loading assembly to apply shearing force and normal force to a shearing test piece through a fixing assembly, a control panel detects acting force of the shearing loading assembly and the normal loading assembly on the shearing test piece through a monitoring assembly, and the control panel performs fluctuating loading and iterative loading on the shearing loading assembly and the normal loading assembly to achieve a dynamic bidirectional shearing experiment under a constant normal stiffness boundary condition, the obtained experiment data is high in accuracy and provides more accurate data for research of rock stratums. The rock structural plane dynamic bidirectional shearing experimental system constructed by the invention under the condition of constant normal stiffness has high shearing slip similarity with the rock structural plane under the natural condition, and the obtained experimental data is more accurate, thereby providing data support for the research of the shearing characteristic of the rock structural plane.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an axial view of the fastening device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fixing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a force diagram of a shear test piece of the present invention;
wherein, 1, shearing a test piece; 2. a hydraulic cylinder; 3. a control panel; 4. an upper shearing box; 5. a lower shear box; 6. loading a hydraulic rod in an upper normal direction; 7. loading a hydraulic rod downwards in a normal direction; 8. a first shear loading hydraulic ram; 9. a second shear loading hydraulic ram; 11. a third shear loading hydraulic ram; 10. a fourth shear loading hydraulic ram; 12. a first normal displacement sensor; 13. a first normal force sensor; 14. a second normal displacement sensor; 15. a second normal force sensor; 16. a first shear displacement sensor; 17. a first shear force sensor; 18. a second shear force sensor; 19. a third shear displacement sensor; 21. a third shear force sensor; 20. a fourth shear force sensor; 22. a limiting slide rail; 23. shearing surfaces; 24. a ball slide; 25. a frame; 26. support the feet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention provides a dynamic bidirectional shear experimental system for a rock structural plane under a constant normal stiffness condition, which comprises a fixing component, wherein a shear test piece 1 is fixedly arranged in the fixing component; the upper end and the lower end of the fixed assembly are respectively abutted with a normal loading assembly, and two side edges of the fixed assembly are respectively abutted with a shearing loading assembly;
the fixed component is provided with a monitoring component which is electrically connected with a control panel 3;
the normal loading assembly and the shearing loading assembly are communicated with the same hydraulic oil cylinder 2, and the hydraulic oil cylinder 2 is electrically connected with the control panel 3.
The invention discloses a dynamic bidirectional shearing experiment system for a rock structural plane under a constant normal stiffness condition, wherein a hydraulic oil cylinder 2 drives a normal loading assembly and a shearing loading assembly to apply shearing force and normal force to a shearing test piece 1 through a fixing assembly, a control panel 3 monitors acting force of the shearing loading assembly and the normal loading assembly on the shearing test piece 1 through a monitoring assembly, and the control panel 3 carries out fluctuating loading and iterative loading on the shearing loading assembly and the normal loading assembly to achieve a dynamic bidirectional shearing experiment under a constant normal stiffness boundary condition.
According to the further optimized scheme, the fixing assembly comprises an upper shearing box 4 and a lower shearing box 5 which are arranged up and down correspondingly, and a half of the shearing test piece 1 is fixedly arranged in the upper shearing box 4 and the lower shearing box 5 respectively; the normal loading assembly is respectively abutted with the top end of the upper shearing box 4 and the bottom end of the lower shearing box 5; the shearing loading assembly is respectively abutted with the left side and the right side of the upper shearing box 4 and the left side and the right side of the lower shearing box 5; the monitoring components are respectively and fixedly arranged at the top end and the left and right sides of the upper shearing box 4 and the bottom end and the left and right sides of the lower shearing box 5. Go up shear box 4 and shear box 5 symmetrical arrangement down, cut test piece 1 and divide into two, one is fixed in last shear box 4, and one is fixed in shear box 5 down, and the contact surface of two shear test pieces 1 is the rough surface, forms shear surface 23.
In a further optimized scheme, the normal loading assembly comprises an upper normal loading hydraulic rod 6 abutted with the top end of the upper shearing box 4 and a lower normal loading hydraulic rod 7 abutted with the bottom end of the lower shearing box 5; the shearing loading assembly comprises a first shearing loading hydraulic rod 8 and a second shearing loading hydraulic rod 9 which are respectively abutted against the left side wall and the right side wall of the upper shearing box 4, and a third shearing loading hydraulic rod 11 and a fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod 10 which are respectively abutted against the left side wall and the right side wall of the lower shearing box 5; the first shearing loading hydraulic rod 8 and the third shearing loading hydraulic rod 11 are located on the same side and are arranged correspondingly up and down, and the second shearing loading hydraulic rod 9 and the fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod 10 are located on the same side and are arranged correspondingly up and down. The upper normal loading hydraulic rod 6 and the lower normal loading hydraulic rod 7 respectively apply downward axial pressure to the upper shearing box 4 and upward axial pressure to the lower shearing box 5, the normal force of rock strata on the upper side and the lower side of a target rock stratum to the target rock stratum is simulated, the authenticity is higher, and the obtained data is more accurate; the resultant force of the loaded shearing forces of the first shearing loading hydraulic rod 8 and the second shearing loading hydraulic rod 9 pushes the upper shearing box 4 to shear and slide, and the resultant force of the loaded shearing forces of the third shearing loading hydraulic rod 11 and the fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod 10 to the lower shearing box 5 pushes the lower shearing box 5 to shear and slide. In the conventional direct shear test, only one side of the upper half sample or the lower half sample is generally applied with a shear force, and the other side is not applied with a force, and at this time, the stress of the other side is 0, which is different from the shear force in the actual situation, and the other side is also applied with a force in the actual situation. Therefore, the method that the upper and lower two halves of the shearing test piece 1 are subjected to bilateral loading is adopted, so that the field conditions can be simulated more truly; meanwhile, the lower half part shearing test piece 1 is directly placed on the shearing table, and normal displacement cannot occur, which is inconsistent with the actual situation, so that the lower normal loading hydraulic rod 7 is also arranged at the bottom end of the lower half part shearing test piece 1, the normal displacement is allowed to occur while the stress is ensured, and the real situation can be simulated more accurately.
In a further optimization scheme, the monitoring assembly comprises a first normal displacement sensor 12 and a first normal force sensor 13, a second normal displacement sensor 14 and a second normal force sensor 15, a first shear displacement sensor 16 and a first shear force sensor 17, a second shear force sensor, a third shear displacement sensor 19 and a third shear force sensor 21, and a fourth shear force sensor 20; the first normal displacement sensor 12 and the first normal force sensor 13 are arranged corresponding to the upper normal loading hydraulic rod 6, the second normal displacement sensor 14 and the second normal force sensor 15 are arranged corresponding to the lower normal loading hydraulic rod 7, the first shearing displacement sensor 16 and the first shearing force sensor 17 are arranged corresponding to the first shearing loading hydraulic rod 8, the second shearing force sensor is arranged corresponding to the second shearing loading hydraulic rod 9, the third shearing displacement sensor 19 and the third shearing force sensor 21 are arranged corresponding to the third shearing loading hydraulic rod 11, and the fourth shearing force sensor 20 is arranged corresponding to the fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod 10. A first normal displacement sensor 12 and a first normal force sensor 13 monitor the downward axial pressure and displacement of the output end of the upper normal loading hydraulic rod 6; a second normal displacement sensor 14 and a second normal force sensor 15 monitor the upward axial pressure and displacement of the output end of the lower normal loading hydraulic rod 7; the first shear displacement sensor 16 is used for measuring the shear force of the first shear loading hydraulic rod 8, the second shear displacement sensor is used for measuring the shear force of the second shear loading hydraulic rod 9, the third shear displacement sensor 19 is used for measuring the shear force of the third shear loading hydraulic rod 11, the fourth shear displacement sensor is used for measuring the shear force of the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod 10, the first shear displacement sensor 16 is used for measuring the horizontal displacement of the upper shear box 4, and the third shear displacement sensor 19 is used for monitoring the horizontal displacement of the lower shear box 5; all sensors all with can control panel 3 electric connection, transmit the result of monitoring for control panel 3, rethread control panel 3 control hydraulic cylinder 2 carries out the loading.
According to a further optimized scheme, the top surface and the two side surfaces of the upper shearing box 4 are respectively and fixedly connected with a limiting slide rail 22, and the bottom surface and the two side surfaces of the lower shearing box 5 are also respectively and fixedly connected with a limiting slide rail 22; the output ends of the upper normal loading hydraulic rod 6, the lower normal loading hydraulic rod 7, the first shearing loading hydraulic rod 8, the second shearing loading hydraulic rod 9, the third shearing loading hydraulic rod 11 and the fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod 10 are respectively connected with the corresponding limit slide rails 22 in a sliding mode. The tail ends of the output ends of all the hydraulic rods are fixedly connected with ball sliding plates 24, the tail ends of the ball sliding plates 24 are abutted to the outside of the upper shearing box 4 and the lower shearing box 5 and are in sliding connection with the limiting sliding rails 22, the displacement directions of the upper shearing box 4 and the lower shearing box 5 are limited, only the displacement in the left-right direction and the up-down direction can be generated, and the displacement in other directions can not be generated to cause dislocation; meanwhile, rolling friction force is generated between the ball sliding plate 24 and the upper shearing box 4 and between the ball sliding plate and the lower shearing box 5, the friction force is small, and the influence on a shearing experiment is low.
The dynamic bidirectional shearing experimental method for the rock structural surface under the condition of constant normal stiffness comprises the following steps:
step S1, assembling the shearing experiment system; the supporting legs 26 of the experimental system are fixed on the ground of a laboratory, then an upper normal loading hydraulic rod 6, a lower normal loading hydraulic rod 7, a first shearing loading hydraulic rod 8, a second shearing loading hydraulic rod 9, a third shearing loading hydraulic rod 11 and a fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod 10 are fixedly installed in a frame 25 according to requirements, and hydraulic pipes of all the hydraulic rods are connected with a hydraulic oil cylinder 2;
step S2, mounting a shear test piece 1; cutting a shearing test piece 1 according to the size of the fixed assembly, dividing the shearing test piece 1 into two pieces, respectively placing the two pieces into an upper shearing box 4 and a lower shearing box 5, enabling the side surface of the shearing test piece 1 and the side walls of the upper shearing box 4 and the lower shearing box 5 to be abutted against and filled with the shearing test piece, and mutually lifting the cut surfaces to form a shearing surface 23;
step S3, installing the upper cutting box 4 and the lower cutting box 5 and manually aligning; respectively fixedly installing an upper shearing box 4 and a lower shearing box 5 in a frame 25, so that ball sliding plates 24 at the output ends of an upper normal loading hydraulic rod 6, a first shearing loading hydraulic rod 8 and a second shearing loading hydraulic rod 9 slide into limit sliding rails 22 corresponding to the upper shearing box 4, and ball sliding plates 24 at the output ends of a lower normal loading hydraulic rod 7, a third shearing loading hydraulic rod 11 and a fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod 10 slide into limit sliding rails 22 corresponding to the lower shearing box 5; the outlets of the upper shearing box 4 and the lower shearing box 5 are opposite and have a certain distance, and the contact surface of the two shearing test pieces 1 forms a shearing surface 23; finally, each sensor is arranged at a proper position and is electrically connected with the control panel 3;
step S4, starting the first shear loading hydraulic rod 8 and the second shear loading hydraulic rod 9 and keeping the loads of the two rods same and locking; applying a specific initial force to the upper shear box 4 through the first shear loading hydraulic rod 8 and the second shear loading hydraulic rod 9, and simulating the loading force of the actual stratum to keep the upper shear box 4 fixed;
step S5, starting the third shear loading hydraulic rod 11 and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod 10, keeping the loads of the third shear loading hydraulic rod and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod the same and locking the third shear loading hydraulic rod and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod; applying a specific initial force to the lower shear box 5 through the third shear loading hydraulic rod 11 and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod 10, and simulating the loading force of the actual stratum to keep the upper shear box 4 fixed;
step S6, starting the upper normal loading hydraulic rod 6 and the lower normal loading hydraulic rod 7, and keeping the same loading; in this state, the upper shear box 4 and the lower shear box 5 cannot generate horizontal displacement and can only displace along the circumferential direction;
step S7, releasing the locking of the third shear loading hydraulic rod 11 and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod 10, and loading a shear force to the lower shear box 5 to form a lower shear displacement; the loading forces of the third shear loading hydraulic rod 11 and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod 10 fluctuate according to a sine curve or a cosine curve, so that the shear of the lower shear box 5 is reasonably changed, the lower shear box 5 is horizontally moved in the left-right direction, and the fluctuation change of the bottom shear force is simulated;
step S8, unlocking the first shear loading hydraulic lever 8 and the second shear loading hydraulic lever 9, and loading a shear force to the upper shear cassette 4 to form an upper shear displacement; the loading forces of the first shear loading hydraulic rod 8 and the second shear loading hydraulic rod 9 fluctuate according to a sine curve or a cosine curve, so that the shear of the upper shear box 4 is reasonably changed, the lower shear box 5 is horizontally moved in the left-right direction, and the fluctuation change of the bottom shear force is simulated;
step S9, recording experimental data, recording all loading force and displacement data, and forming a curve chart;
in a further optimization scheme, in step S7 and step S8, the upper normal loading hydraulic lever 6 and the lower normal loading hydraulic lever 7 are changed iteratively, and the iterative formula is as follows:
σn′(t+Δt)＝σn′(t)+kn·dn
wherein σn' is the normal stress, kn is the normal stiffness, σn' t + Δ t is the normal stress at the next time, σn' t is the normal stress at this time, dnIs the normal displacement of the shear specimen 1; k is a radical ofnThe value of (b) is assigned according to the actual formation condition to be simulated; the upper shearing box 4 and the lower shearing box 5 horizontally translate under the action of fluctuating shearing loading force, so that the shearing surfaces 23 of the shearing test piece 1 slide mutually, if the axial pressure of normal loading force is not changed, the law of an actual stratum is not met, and therefore the axial pressures applied to the upper normal loading hydraulic rod 6 and the lower normal loading hydraulic rod 7 are continuously changed in an iterative manner, and a boundary condition of constant normal stiffness of the actual stratum is formed; wherein the normal stiffness knThe value of (a) is assigned according to the simulated actual formation; the relation, namely a calculation formula, of the shearing force, the shearing displacement, the axial pressure and the axial displacement under the boundary condition of the constant-direction normal stiffness is the prior art, and the internal compensation program of the control panel 3 can calculate the iteration rule of the axial pressure according to the measured loading force and the loading displacement and control the iteration rule.
Further, the normal stress can be dynamically loaded, and can also fluctuate on the basis of the numerical value calculated by a formula, and the fluctuation law includes but is not limited to a sine function and a cosine function.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are only for describing the preferred mode of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Rock structure face developments bidirectional shear experimental system under the constant normal rigidity condition, its characterized in that: the shearing test piece fixing device comprises a fixing component, wherein a shearing test piece (1) is fixedly arranged in the fixing component; the upper end and the lower end of the fixed assembly are respectively abutted with a normal loading assembly, and two side edges of the fixed assembly are respectively abutted with a shearing loading assembly;
the fixed component is provided with a monitoring component, and the monitoring component is electrically connected with a control panel (3);
the normal loading assembly and the shearing loading assembly are communicated with a same hydraulic oil cylinder (2), and the hydraulic oil cylinder (2) is electrically connected with the control panel (3).
2. The dynamic bidirectional shear experimental system for rock structural surfaces under the condition of constant normal stiffness, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fixing assembly comprises an upper shearing box (4) and a lower shearing box (5) which are arranged up and down correspondingly, and half of the shearing test piece (1) is fixedly arranged in the upper shearing box (4) and the lower shearing box (5) respectively; the normal loading assembly is respectively abutted with the top end of the upper shearing box (4) and the bottom end of the lower shearing box (5); the shearing loading assembly is respectively abutted against the left side and the right side of the upper shearing box (4) and the left side and the right side of the lower shearing box (5); the monitoring assemblies are fixedly mounted on the top end and the left and right sides of the upper shearing box (4) and the bottom end and the left and right sides of the lower shearing box (5) respectively.
3. The dynamic bidirectional shear experimental system for rock structural planes under the condition of constant normal stiffness as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the normal loading assembly comprises an upper normal loading hydraulic rod (6) abutted with the top end of the upper shearing box (4) and a lower normal loading hydraulic rod (7) abutted with the bottom end of the lower shearing box (5); the shearing loading assembly comprises a first shearing loading hydraulic rod (8) and a second shearing loading hydraulic rod (9) which are respectively abutted against the left side wall and the right side wall of the upper shearing box (4), and a third shearing loading hydraulic rod (11) and a fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod (10) which are respectively abutted against the left side wall and the right side wall of the lower shearing box (5); the first shearing loading hydraulic rod (8) and the third shearing loading hydraulic rod (11) are located on the same side and are arranged vertically in a corresponding mode, and the second shearing loading hydraulic rod (9) and the fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod (10) are located on the same side and are arranged vertically in a corresponding mode.
4. The dynamic bidirectional shear experimental system for rock structural surfaces under the condition of constant normal stiffness, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the monitoring assembly comprises a first normal displacement sensor (12) and a first normal force sensor (13), a second normal displacement sensor (14) and a second normal force sensor (15), a first shear displacement sensor (16) and a first shear force sensor (17), a second shear force sensor (18), a third shear displacement sensor (19) and a third shear force sensor (21) and a fourth shear force sensor (20); the first normal displacement sensor (12) and the first normal force sensor (13) are arranged corresponding to the upper normal loading hydraulic rod (6), the second normal displacement sensor and the second normal force sensor (15) are arranged corresponding to the lower normal loading hydraulic rod (7), the first shear displacement sensor (16) and the first shear force sensor (17) are arranged corresponding to the first shear loading hydraulic rod (8), the second shear force sensor (18) is arranged corresponding to the second shear loading hydraulic rod (9), the third shear displacement sensor (19) and the third shear force sensor (21) are arranged corresponding to the third shear loading hydraulic rod (11), and the fourth shear force sensor (20) is arranged corresponding to the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod (10).
5. The dynamic bidirectional shear experimental system for rock structural surfaces under the condition of constant normal stiffness, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the top surface and two side surfaces of the upper shearing box (4) are respectively fixedly connected with a limiting slide rail (22), and the bottom surface and two side surfaces of the lower shearing box (5) are also respectively fixedly connected with the limiting slide rails (22); the output ends of the upper normal loading hydraulic rod (6), the lower normal loading hydraulic rod (7), the first shearing loading hydraulic rod (8), the second shearing loading hydraulic rod (9), the third shearing loading hydraulic rod (11) and the fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod (10) are respectively in sliding connection with the corresponding limit slide rails (22).
6. The dynamic bidirectional shear experimental method of the rock structural surface under the condition of constant normal stiffness is the dynamic bidirectional shear experimental system of the rock structural surface under the condition of constant normal stiffness according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, assembling the shearing experiment system;
step S2, mounting a shearing test piece (1);
step S3, installing an upper cutting box (4) and a lower cutting box (5) and manually aligning;
step S4, starting the first shear loading hydraulic rod (8) and the second shear loading hydraulic rod (9) and keeping the loads of the two rods same and locking;
step S5, starting the third shear loading hydraulic rod (11) and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod (10), keeping the loads of the third shear loading hydraulic rod and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod the same and locking;
step S6, starting the upper normal loading hydraulic rod (6) and the lower normal loading hydraulic rod (7) and keeping the loads of the two rods the same;
step S7, the third shearing loading hydraulic rod (11) and the fourth shearing loading hydraulic rod (10) are unlocked, and shearing force is loaded on the lower shearing box (5) to form lower shearing displacement;
step S8, unlocking the first shearing loading hydraulic rod (8) and the second shearing loading hydraulic rod (9), and loading shearing force on the upper shearing box (4) to form upper shearing displacement;
and step S9, recording the experimental data.
7. The dynamic bidirectional shear test method for the rock structural surface under the condition of constant normal stiffness, according to claim 6, is characterized in that: in step S3, the contact surface of the cut test piece (1) divided into two halves is rough to form a cut surface (23).
8. The dynamic bidirectional shear test method for the rock structural surface under the condition of constant normal stiffness, according to claim 6, is characterized in that: in the step S7, the loading amounts of the third shear loading hydraulic rod (11) and the fourth shear loading hydraulic rod (10) are varied in a fluctuation manner, and the fluctuation law includes, but is not limited to, a sine function and a cosine function.
9. The dynamic bidirectional shear test method for the rock structural surface under the condition of constant normal stiffness, according to claim 6, is characterized in that: in the step S8, the loading amounts of the first shear loading hydraulic lever (8) and the second shear loading hydraulic lever (9) are varied in a fluctuation manner, and the fluctuation law includes, but is not limited to, a sine function and a cosine function.
10. The dynamic bidirectional shear test method for the rock structural surface under the condition of constant normal stiffness, according to claim 6, is characterized in that: in the step S7 and the step S8, the upper normal loading hydraulic rod (6) and the lower normal loading hydraulic rod (7) are changed in an iteration mode, and the iteration formula is as follows:
σ′n(t+Δt)＝σ′n(t)+kn·dn
wherein σn' is the normal stress, kn is the normal stiffness, σn' (t + Δ t) is the normal stress at the next time, σn' (t) is the normal stress at the present time, and dn is the normal displacement of the shearing test piece (1); the value of kn is assigned according to the actual formation condition to be simulated.
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