CN114485911A - Device and method for measuring sound attenuation coefficient in sound wave guide pipe based on sub-wavelength scale - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring sound attenuation coefficient in sound wave guide pipe based on sub-wavelength scale Download PDFInfo
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
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Abstract
The application discloses sound attenuation coefficient measuring device and method in sound wave pipe based on sub-wavelength scale, wherein measuring device includes: a water tank for loading liquid; the waveguide tube is positioned in the water tank; having an input and a plurality of outputs; the input end is provided with a solid-liquid coupler; the output ends are arranged in sequence along a straight line; the ultrasonic transducer is positioned in the water tank and is close to the solid-liquid coupler; the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone is positioned in the output end of the waveguide tube; and the signal generator is connected with the ultrasonic transducer. One technical effect of the present application is that the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the ultrasonic signal propagating in the waveguide can be measured, and the measurement accuracy is high.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of ultrasound, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring sound attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide based on a sub-wavelength scale.
Background
When an ultrasonic wave propagates through a medium, the energy of the ultrasonic wave gradually decreases with the distance of propagation, and the degree of attenuation is related to factors such as diffusion, scattering, and absorption of the acoustic wave. To minimize the energy loss of ultrasonic transmission, the research on guided waves in waveguides has been gradually gaining attention. According to the acoustic waveguide theory, when the inner diameter of the waveguide is smaller than the wavelength, one-dimensional planar longitudinal waves will propagate in the tube at such sub-wavelength scale. At the moment, the ultrasonic wave does not touch an interface in the tube, reflection and refraction cannot occur, the ultrasonic wave directly passes through the tube, and finally the energy loss of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the waveguide tube is very low. Therefore, accurate measurement of the acoustic attenuation coefficient in the acoustic waveguide at the sub-wavelength scale is crucial for future applications in the field of waveguide lossless transmission, and it is necessary to provide a device and a method for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in the acoustic waveguide based on the sub-wavelength scale.
In fact, attenuation is a physical quantity which is difficult to measure, and at present, a method for measuring the sound attenuation coefficient is to measure the number of complex waves which are very important parameters in acoustics and comprise the sound attenuation coefficient of a material by a four-sensor method. The four-sensor method is characterized in that a section of transmission tube is added on the basis of the traditional standing wave tube measuring method, two sensors are respectively installed on the sound tube to measure reflected waves and transmitted waves, and a sound absorption end is adopted, so that the sound pressure of the front surface and the back surface of a measured sample can be conveniently represented by incident waves, reflected waves and transmitted waves, and the imaginary part of the complex wave number of the material measured by the method represents a sound attenuation coefficient.
The other method for effectively measuring the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient in the medium is a photoacoustic method, in which high-energy laser pulses are adopted to excite surface waves, sampling signals are obtained by a transducer every 0.5mm, and the signals are filtered, FFT (fast Fourier transform) processed to finally obtain the medium acoustic attenuation coefficient. However, this method is limited by the sampling frequency and the filter window width, and therefore the acoustic attenuation coefficient cannot be accurately obtained. The method always causes large calculation errors or experimental errors from the viewpoint of increasing the sensors or from the viewpoint of calculating the frequency spectrum of the surface wave signal, and is influenced by low frequency, so that the size of the acoustic attenuation coefficient in the acoustic waveguide cannot be accurately measured from a sub-wavelength scale.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present application is to provide a new technical solution for an acoustic attenuation coefficient measuring apparatus in an acoustic waveguide based on a sub-wavelength scale.
According to one aspect of the present application, it is provided a device for measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide based on a subwavelength scale, comprising:
a water tank for loading liquid;
the waveguide tube is positioned in the water tank; having an input and a plurality of outputs; the input end is provided with a solid-liquid coupler; the output ends are arranged in sequence along a straight line;
the ultrasonic transducer is positioned in the water tank and is close to the solid-liquid coupler;
the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone is positioned in the output end of the waveguide tube;
and the signal generator is connected with the ultrasonic transducer.
Optionally, a power amplifier is further included, and the ultrasonic transducer and the signal generator are connected through the power amplifier.
Optionally, the piezoelectric hydrophone further comprises an oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope is respectively connected with the signal generator and the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone.
Optionally, the ultrasonic wave sensor further comprises a fixing assembly configured to fix the waveguide tube and the ultrasonic transducer respectively so that the solid-liquid coupler and the ultrasonic transducer are not in direct contact.
Optionally, the solid-liquid coupler is a horn-shaped structure, and a wide-mouth horn end of the solid-liquid coupler faces the ultrasonic transducer.
Optionally, the inner diameter of the waveguide is less than 75 mm.
Optionally, the waveguide has seven output ends.
Optionally, the distance between adjacent output ends on the waveguide is 50 cm.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a method for measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide of the above-mentioned measuring apparatus, comprising the steps of:
transmitting, by the signal generator, a pulsed signal to the ultrasonic transducer;
the ultrasonic transducer converts the pulse signal into an ultrasonic signal and transmits the ultrasonic signal into the waveguide through the solid-liquid coupler;
sequentially receiving ultrasonic signals transmitted in the waveguide tube at the output end of the waveguide tube through the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone, and recording the relation between the amplitude of the ultrasonic signals and the transmission time;
and calculating the pulse signal and the ultrasonic signal received by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone to obtain an acoustic attenuation curve of the ultrasonic signal based on the propagation in the sub-wavelength scale acoustic waveguide, and fitting to obtain the acoustic attenuation coefficient.
Optionally, the positions of the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophones on the plurality of output ends are equidistant from the main body of the waveguide.
One technical effect of the present application is that the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the ultrasonic signal propagating in the waveguide can be measured, and the measurement accuracy is high.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a connection according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of method steps of some embodiments of the present application;
in the figure: the ultrasonic wave sensor comprises an ultrasonic transducer 1, a high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2, a waveguide tube 3, an input end 31, an output end 32, a water tank 4, a solid-liquid coupler 5, a fixed assembly 6, a signal generator 7, a power amplifier 8, an impedance matcher 81 and an oscilloscope 9.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to implement technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects of the present application can be fully understood and implemented.
The invention provides a device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide 3 based on a subwavelength scale, which comprises an ultrasonic transducer 1, a high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2, a waveguide 3, a water tank 4 and a signal generator 7 in some embodiments, and referring to fig. 1.
The tank 4 acts as a container for the liquid, typically water.
The waveguide 3 is located in the water tank 4. The waveguide 3 has an input end 31 and a plurality of output ends 32, and the plurality of output ends 32 are arranged in a straight line; the input end 31 is provided with a solid-liquid coupler 5. In some embodiments, the waveguide 3 has one input end 31 and 7 output ends 32, and the distance between adjacent output ends 32 is 50 cm; the distance is about 50cm, and the received signals between two output ends with too small distance have interference; the attenuation distance of sound waves with too large a pitch is not long enough. In some embodiments, the solid-liquid coupler 5 is a simple bell-mouth structure, and utilizes fresnel diffraction principle to guide sound wave into the sound wave guide tube and measure its sound velocity.
The ultrasonic transducer 1 is located in the water tank 4 and is arranged close to the solid-liquid coupler 5, and when the ultrasonic transducer 1 sends an ultrasonic signal, the ultrasonic signal can be coupled and conducted into the waveguide 3 by the solid-liquid coupler 5.
The high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 is positioned in an output end 32 of the waveguide 3 close to the input end 31 and is used for capturing ultrasonic signals in the output end 32.
The signal generator 7 is connected with the ultrasonic transducer 1, and when the signal generator 7 sends out a pulse signal, the pulse signal can be converted into an ultrasonic signal by the ultrasonic transducer 1.
In use, the device is described with reference to figures 1 and 2:
s1, generating a burst signal to the ultrasonic transducer 1 by the signal generator 7;
s2, the ultrasonic transducer 1 converts the pulse signal into an ultrasonic signal, that is, converts an electrical signal into an acoustic signal, and transmits the acoustic signal into the input end 31 of the waveguide 3 through the solid-liquid coupler 5; the sound wave first travels along the input end 31 to the first output end 32, and the distance from the input end 31 to the first output end 32 is recorded as L1; recording the change of the amplitude of the signal received by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 along with the propagation time, and recording the measured amplitude as A1;
then, the amplitude of the signal transmitted to the second output end 32 by the same sound wave detected by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 is recorded as A2, and the distance from the input end 31 to the second output end 32 is recorded as L2; in the same way, the signal amplitudes of all other output ends are respectively recorded as A3, A4, A5, A6 and A7, and the distances from the input end to each other output end are respectively recorded as L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7; then converting the amplitude into sound pressure which is respectively marked as P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7; the calculation formula is as follows:
the A1-A7 are amplitude values of signals measured by the piezoelectric hydrophone 2 at each output port of the waveguide, and the unit is volt. The on-load sensitivity of the cable end of the piezoelectric hydrophone 2 is shown, and different frequencies correspond to different sensitivity sizes, and the unit is volt per pascal. The sound pressure of the sound waves obtained through calculation at different output ports of the waveguide tube is P1-P7, and the unit is pascal.
S4, carrying out calculation processing according to the pulse signals to obtain amplitudes of the ultrasonic signals transmitted by different output ends in the waveguide tube based on the sub-wavelength scale, wherein each output port corresponds to different transmission distances L1-L7, the amplitudes of each output port are converted into corresponding sound pressure, and the relation between the sound wave sound pressure of different output ports and the transmission distances (L1-L7) is subjected to fitting processing to obtain a sound pressure-transmission distance curve, and the curvature of the curve is the sound attenuation coefficient.
Receiving the ultrasonic signal transmitted in the waveguide 3 through the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2, and recording the relation between the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal and the transmission time;
and calculating the pulse signal and the ultrasonic signal received by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 to obtain an ultrasonic signal based on a sound attenuation curve transmitted in the sound wave guide pipe 3 with a sub-wavelength scale, and fitting to obtain the sound attenuation coefficient.
The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in the acoustic waveguide based on the sub-wavelength scale can measure the acoustic attenuation coefficient of an ultrasonic signal transmitted in the waveguide, and has high measurement accuracy.
The ultrasonic transducer can be made of a piezoelectric ceramic piece. The high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone may be of the type RESON TC 4035. The signal generator may be of the type DG 800. The oscilloscope model may be DSOX 6004A. The power amplifier may be 2200L in size.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, further comprising a power amplifier 8, the ultrasound transducer 1 and the signal generator 7 are connected through the power amplifier 8. Further, the ultrasonic transducer further comprises an impedance matcher 81, wherein the signal generator 7, the power amplifier 8 and the impedance matcher 81 are sequentially connected with the ultrasonic transducer 1; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the driving signal (pulse signal) and controls the driving amplitude to a set value. The driving signal effectively applies driving power to the ultrasonic transducer 1 through the impedance matching network, so that reverse power is reduced, and system power loss and system heating and damage caused by the reverse power are reduced.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, an oscilloscope 9 is further included, and the oscilloscope 9 is connected to the signal generator 7 and the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 respectively. The high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 receives the signals and transmits the signals to the oscilloscope 9, and the oscilloscope 9 displays the amplitude of the signals along with the change of the propagation time.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, further comprising a fixing assembly 6, wherein the fixing assembly 6 fixes the waveguide 3 and the ultrasonic transducer 1 respectively (fixing positions are not shown), so that the solid-liquid coupler 5 and the ultrasonic transducer 1 are not in direct contact.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the solid-liquid coupler 5 is a horn structure with a wide-mouth horn end facing the ultrasonic transducer 1. The acoustic contact angle between the ultrasonic transducer 1 and the solid-liquid coupler 5 is increased, the contact angle between the liquid and the coupler is reduced, and the acoustic wave can be transmitted more effectively.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the output ports 32 of the waveguide 3 are spaced 50cm apart, reducing errors caused by too close a distance between the output ports 32. In order to meet the sub-wavelength scale, the device is only suitable for a small-caliber waveguide tube with the inner diameter smaller than the wavelength, and simultaneously, the frequency is more than 20kHz, and the inner diameter of the waveguide tube is calculated to be smaller than 75 mm.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a method for measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide according to the above-mentioned measuring apparatus, referring to fig. 1 and 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, generating a burst signal to the ultrasonic transducer 1 by the signal generator 7;
s2, the ultrasonic transducer 1 converts the pulse signal into an ultrasonic signal, that is, converts an electric signal into an acoustic signal, and transmits the ultrasonic signal into the input end 31 of the waveguide 3 through the solid-liquid coupler 5; the sound wave first travels along the input end 31 to the first output end 32, and the distance from the input end 31 to the first output end 32 is recorded as L1; recording the change of the amplitude of the signal received by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 along with the propagation time, and recording the measured amplitude as A1;
then, the amplitude of the signal transmitted to the second output end 32 by the same sound wave detected by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 is recorded as A2, and the distance from the input end 31 to the second output end 32 is recorded as L2; in the same way, the signal amplitudes of all other output ends are respectively recorded as A3, A4, A5, A6 and A7, and the distances from the input end to each other output end are respectively recorded as L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7; then converting the amplitude into sound pressure which is respectively marked as P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7; the calculation formula is as follows:
the A1-A7 are amplitude values of signals measured by the piezoelectric hydrophone 2 at each output port of the waveguide, and the unit is volt. The on-load sensitivity of the cable end of the piezoelectric hydrophone 2 is shown, and different frequencies correspond to different sensitivity sizes, and the unit is volt per pascal. The sound pressure of the sound waves obtained through calculation at different output ports of the waveguide tube is P1-P7, and the unit is pascal.
S4, carrying out calculation processing according to the pulse signals to obtain amplitudes of the ultrasonic signals transmitted by different output ends in the waveguide tube based on the sub-wavelength scale, wherein each output port corresponds to different transmission distances L1-L7, the amplitudes of each output port are converted into corresponding sound pressure, and the relation between the sound wave sound pressure of different output ports and the transmission distances (L1-L7) is subjected to fitting processing to obtain a sound pressure-transmission distance curve, and the curvature of the curve is the sound attenuation coefficient.
Receiving the ultrasonic signal transmitted in the waveguide 3 through the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2, and recording the relation between the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal and the transmission time;
and calculating the pulse signal and the ultrasonic signal received by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone 2 to obtain an ultrasonic signal based on a sound attenuation curve propagated in the sub-wavelength-scale sound wave guide pipe 3, and fitting to obtain the sound attenuation coefficient.
The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in the acoustic waveguide based on the sub-wavelength scale can measure the acoustic attenuation coefficient of an ultrasonic signal transmitted in the waveguide, and has high measurement accuracy.
As used in the specification and claims, certain terms are used to refer to particular components or methods. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, different regions may refer to a component by different names. The present specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not in name. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. "substantially" means within an acceptable error range, and a person skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within a certain error range to substantially achieve the technical effect. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the present application, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the application. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the definitions of the appended claims.
It is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a good or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such good or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system that includes the element.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for measuring acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide based on sub-wavelength scale, comprising:
a water tank for loading liquid;
the waveguide tube is positioned in the water tank; having an input and a plurality of outputs; the input end is provided with a solid-liquid coupler; the output ends are arranged in sequence along a straight line;
the ultrasonic transducer is positioned in the water tank and close to the solid-liquid coupler;
the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone is positioned in the output end of the waveguide tube;
and the signal generator is connected with the ultrasonic transducer.
2. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide based on the subwavelength scale of claim 1, further comprising a power amplifier through which the ultrasonic transducer and the signal generator are connected.
3. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in the subwavelength scale-based acoustic waveguide according to claim 1, further comprising an oscilloscope, wherein the oscilloscope is respectively connected with the signal generator and the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a fixing member configured to fix the waveguide and the ultrasonic transducer, respectively, such that the solid-liquid coupler and the ultrasonic transducer do not directly contact each other.
5. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide based on the subwavelength scale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid-liquid coupler is a horn-shaped structure, and the wide-mouth horn end of the solid-liquid coupler faces the ultrasonic transducer.
6. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide on a sub-wavelength scale of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the waveguide is less than 75 mm.
7. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide on a sub-wavelength scale of claim 1, wherein the waveguide has seven output ends.
8. The device for measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide on a sub-wavelength scale according to claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent output ends on the waveguide is 50 cm.
9. A method of measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient in an acoustic waveguide of a measuring device according to any of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
transmitting, by the signal generator, a pulsed signal to the ultrasonic transducer;
the ultrasonic transducer converts the pulse signal into an ultrasonic signal and transmits the ultrasonic signal into the waveguide through the solid-liquid coupler;
sequentially receiving ultrasonic signals transmitted in the waveguide tube at the output end of the waveguide tube through the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone, and recording the relation between the amplitude of the ultrasonic signals and the transmission time;
and calculating the pulse signal and the ultrasonic signal received by the high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone to obtain an acoustic attenuation curve of the ultrasonic signal based on the propagation in the sub-wavelength scale acoustic waveguide, and fitting to obtain the acoustic attenuation coefficient.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the high sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophone is positioned at equal distances from the body of the waveguide at a plurality of the output ends.
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