CN114482186B - Water hammer protection structure and method for combined protection of double-communication-valve multi-impedance pressure regulating chamber - Google Patents
Water hammer protection structure and method for combined protection of double-communication-valve multi-impedance pressure regulating chamber Download PDFInfo
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- CN114482186B CN114482186B CN202111674885.XA CN202111674885A CN114482186B CN 114482186 B CN114482186 B CN 114482186B CN 202111674885 A CN202111674885 A CN 202111674885A CN 114482186 B CN114482186 B CN 114482186B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B1/00—Methods or layout of installations for water supply
- E03B1/02—Methods or layout of installations for water supply for public or like main supply for industrial use
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/02—Public or like main pipe systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/07—Arrangement of devices, e.g. filters, flow controls, measuring devices, siphons or valves, in the pipe systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/07—Arrangement of devices, e.g. filters, flow controls, measuring devices, siphons or valves, in the pipe systems
- E03B7/075—Arrangement of devices for control of pressure or flow rate
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/07—Arrangement of devices, e.g. filters, flow controls, measuring devices, siphons or valves, in the pipe systems
- E03B7/077—Arrangement of backflow preventing devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
- Details Of Valves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a water hammer protection structure for combined protection of a double-communication-valve multi-impedance pressure regulating chamber, which comprises a pressure front pool, a water conveying pipeline and a water outlet pool which are sequentially connected, wherein a water pump, a main pressure regulating chamber and an auxiliary pressure regulating chamber are sequentially arranged on the water conveying pipeline, and the main pressure regulating chamber is provided with the double-communication valve. According to the invention, the main pressure regulating chamber and the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber are arranged in the water delivery system, so that the area of the pressure regulating chamber is reduced, and the operability of the No. 2 valve is improved. Meanwhile, by adopting a means of closing the two communication valves sequentially and slowly closing the No. 2 communication valve, the generation of valve closing water hammer and negative pressure is avoided. The water hammer protection and body type optimization method has very remarkable effects on water pipe arrangement optimization and pressure regulating chamber selection, in particular to water hammer protection and body type optimization in long-distance water transmission engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water hammer protection structure and a method for combined protection of a double-communication-valve multi-impedance pressure regulating chamber, and belongs to the technical field of long-distance water delivery engineering.
Background
The long-distance water delivery project can effectively communicate various large water systems, solves the problem of uneven water resource distribution, and is a main mode for delivering water to water-deficient cities and areas in all countries of the world. With the rapid development of urban construction, the number of water delivery projects is increasing. The water pump in the water delivery engineering draws water and cuts off the power accident and will cause serious harm to the water delivery system, therefore set up the water hammer safeguard measure and guarantee the safe operation of water delivery engineering and be crucial.
The protection of pressurized water systems from long-distance, high-flow pump stations from water hammers has been of great interest to researchers and engineering designers. For the water hammer protection of long-distance and large-flow water delivery, researchers have evaluated the water hammer protection effects of different schemes through prototype observation, physical model tests and numerical simulation and proposed 4 water hammer protection measures (including a surge chamber, a unidirectional tower, an air tank and an air valve) for a plurality of engineering examples. In a long-distance and high-flow water delivery system, the minimum pressure along the line is controlled by a first wave water hammer, larger water flow inertia can generate larger surge and amplitude reduction, so that the lowest surge of a pressure regulating chamber and the minimum pressure along the line are lower, the pressure regulating chamber leaks, the water body is vaporized, and the water hammer is closed, so that the water delivery system is damaged. Aiming at the problems of water hammer and surge in a water delivery system with a pressure regulating chamber, an excellent water hammer protection method is not available at present. The existing water hammer protection method can not well meet the requirement of long-distance and large-flow water delivery engineering on water hammer protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the water hammer protection structure and the method for jointly protecting the impedance pressure regulating chamber with the double communication valve and the downstream impedance pressure regulating chamber, which can effectively improve the water hammer protection effect of the pressure regulating chamber, enhance the possibility of closing operation of the No. 2 communication valve and increase the safety of engineering on the premise of meeting the regulation and protection control requirements.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the technical aim, the invention provides a water hammer protection structure for combined protection of a double-communication-valve multi-impedance pressure regulating chamber, which comprises a pressure front pool, a water conveying pipeline and a water outlet pool which are sequentially connected, wherein a water pump, a main pressure regulating chamber and an auxiliary pressure regulating chamber are sequentially arranged on the water conveying pipeline, and the double-communication-valve is arranged in the main pressure regulating chamber.
Further, the main pressure regulating chamber is close to the water pump, the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber is close to the downstream, and the area of the main pressure regulating chamber is smaller than that of the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber.
Further, the main pressure regulating chamber and the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber are both impedance pressure regulating chambers.
Further, a check valve is arranged between the water pump and the main pressure regulating chamber.
Further, the double communication valve comprises a 1# communication valve and a 2# communication valve, and the 1# communication valve and the 2# communication valve are respectively arranged between the main pressure regulating chamber and the water conveying pipeline and are symmetrically distributed.
The invention also provides a water hammer protection method for the combined protection of the double-communication-valve multi-impedance pressure regulating chamber, a water pipeline is connected between the pre-pressure tank and the water outlet tank, a water pump, a main pressure regulating chamber and an auxiliary pressure regulating chamber are sequentially arranged on the water pipeline, the main pressure regulating chamber is provided with the double communication valves, and after the water pump pumps water and is powered off, the two communication valves are sequentially closed according to a preset closing rule.
Further, the double communication valve comprises a 1# communication valve 8 and a 2# communication valve 9, and the 1# communication valve and the 2# communication valve are respectively arranged between the main pressure regulating chamber and the water conveying pipeline and are symmetrically distributed.
Further, the predetermined closing rule is that in the case that the maximum pressure standard of the system is satisfied, linear closing is adopted, and the 2# communication valve is closed after the 1# communication valve is closed. Avoid the generation of valve closing water hammer and negative pressure.
Further, the maximum pressure standard of the system is the water pressure corresponding to 186m water head.
The theoretical basis of the invention is as follows:
for long-distance and large-flow water delivery engineering, the pressure pipeline can be well protected by the water hammer no matter adopting a series multi-impedance pressure regulating chamber scheme or a communication valve impedance pressure regulating chamber scheme. Based on the working principles of the two protection schemes, the water hammer protection scheme of the combined protection of the impedance pressure regulating chamber and the downstream impedance pressure regulating chamber of the double communication valve is provided by combining the respective water hammer protection advantages, so that better water hammer protection characteristics can be obtained.
The impedance surge chamber with the double-communication valve and the downstream impedance surge chamber are jointly protected, the downstream impedance surge chamber is increased, the water hammer protection distance of the surge chamber to the pipeline is increased, water flow is lost at the bottom of the surge chambers when flowing through the two surge chambers, surge fluctuation attenuation is accelerated, the water level stabilizing capacity is improved, surge fluctuation of the two surge chambers is mutually restricted, the surge amplitude reduction is greatly reduced, the lowest surge and the minimum pressure along the line of the surge chambers are greatly improved, and the impedance surge chamber with the double-communication valve and the downstream impedance surge chamber are jointly protected because the second surge chamber exists, the reflected water hammer can be enhanced, so that the 2# communication valve can be closed relatively quickly (shortened to 900s from 2100 s), and the feasibility of valve operation is improved.
In theory, after the water pump draws water and cuts off power, the communicating valves on the two connecting pipes are closed, so that the water loss in the pressure regulating chamber can be effectively prevented, the pipeline air intake phenomenon caused by the air leakage of the pressure regulating chamber is avoided, the two communicating valves at the bottom of the pressure regulating chamber are closed successively, the water loss in the main pressure regulating chamber is effectively prevented, the minimum pressure increase along the line caused by the lowest surge of the main pressure regulating chamber is increased, and the surge fluctuation is not generated after the communicating valves are closed. Therefore, in order to meet the maximum pressure standard of the system, the No. 1 communication valve is closed linearly, and the No. 2 communication valve is closed at a lower speed, so that negative pressure caused by valve closing water hammer is avoided.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, the main pressure regulating chamber and the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber are arranged in the water delivery system, so that the area of the pressure regulating chamber is reduced, and the operability of the No. 2 valve is improved. Meanwhile, by adopting a means of closing the two communication valves sequentially and slowly closing the No. 2 communication valve, the generation of valve closing water hammer and negative pressure is avoided. The water hammer protection and body type optimization method has very remarkable effects on water pipe arrangement optimization and pressure regulating chamber selection, in particular to water hammer protection and body type optimization in long-distance water transmission engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulated water delivery system with a pressure regulating chamber disposed upstream and downstream in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the dual communication valve of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of water depth versus time for a main surge tank for two different arrangements;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the trend of the bottom pressure of the main pressure regulating chamber over time for two different arrangements;
FIG. 5 is a graph of minimum pressure envelope for two different arrangements;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the trend of the water level change of the main pressure regulating chamber under different valve closing rules;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the trend of the bottom pressure change of the main pressure regulating chamber under different valve closing rules;
fig. 8 is a graph of minimum pressure envelope for different valve closing regimes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the water hammer protection structure with the double-communication-valve multi-impedance pressure regulating chamber combined protection comprises a pressure front tank 1, a water conveying pipeline 2 and a water outlet tank 3 which are sequentially connected, wherein a water pump 6, a main pressure regulating chamber 4 and an auxiliary pressure regulating chamber 5 are sequentially arranged on the water conveying pipeline 2, and the main pressure regulating chamber 4 is provided with the double-communication-valve.
Specifically, the main pressure regulating chamber 4 is close to the water pump 6, the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber 5 is close to the downstream, and the area of the main pressure regulating chamber 4 is smaller than the area of the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber 5. The main pressure regulating chamber 4 and the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber 5 are both impedance type pressure regulating chambers. A check valve 7 is arranged between the water pump 6 and the main pressure regulating chamber 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the double communication valve includes a 1# communication valve 8 and a 2# communication valve 9. The 1# communication valve 8 and the 2# communication valve 9 are respectively arranged between the main pressure regulating chamber 4 and the water conveying pipeline 2 and are symmetrically distributed.
The invention also provides a water hammer protection method for the combined protection of the multi-impedance pressure regulating chamber with the double communication valves, wherein a water pipe 2 is connected between the pre-pressure tank 1 and the water outlet tank 3, a water pump 6, a main pressure regulating chamber 4 and an auxiliary pressure regulating chamber 5 are sequentially arranged on the water pipe 2, and the main pressure regulating chamber 4 is provided with the double communication valves to jointly protect the water hammer pressure of the water delivery system. After the water pump draws water and is powered off, the two communicating valves are closed successively according to a preset closing rule.
Specifically, the main pressure regulating chamber 4 is close to the water pump, the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber 5 is close to the downstream, the main pressure regulating chamber 4 is provided with a double-communication valve, and the sectional area of the main pressure regulating chamber 4 is smaller than the sectional area of the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber 5.
Specifically, the closing rule is that in the case of meeting the maximum pressure standard of the system, linear closing is adopted and the closing speed of the 2# communication valve is slower than that of the 1# communication valve. Avoid the generation of valve closing water hammer and negative pressure.
Specifically, the maximum pressure standard of the system is the water pressure corresponding to 186m water head, and the No. 2 communication valve is closed after the No. 1 communication valve is closed.
Example 2:
the water intake water level of a water delivery project is-1.40 m, the water level of a water outlet pool is 23.50m, the pipe is DN4300 reinforced concrete, the water hammer wave is about 800m/s, the total length is about 27km, and the flow is 20m 3 /s, using 6 design lifts of 44.59m and design flow of 3.38m 3 And/s, and the rated rotating speed is 740 r/min. After the pumping of a pump unit of a pump station is disconnected, a pipeline is required to leave a +2m pressure safety margin, a pressure regulating chamber is arranged behind the pump, a valve is closed by adopting a section of straight line for 1s after the pump, the initial water level of the pressure regulating chamber is 39.79m, the flow rate of a pipeline is 1.38m/s, and in order to prevent the pressure regulating chamber from leaking out of the pipeline and entering air in the transitional process, the minimum pressure along the pipeline is lower than +2m, and the lowest surge of the pressure regulating chamber is higher than 21.10m of the height of the pipe roof.
The present example takes two different arrangements respectively,
(1) single protection of impedance surge chamber with double communication valve (700 m) 2 )
(2) Impedance surge chamber with double communication valve and downstream impedance surge chamber combined protection (220 m) 2 +470m 2 )
At present, the research transition process is mainly numerical simulation, the working condition is simulated by using the mature long-distance water supply transition process calculation software, and the practicability of the invention in the effect of increasing the water hammer protection effect is further analyzed by researching the water level change in the pressure regulating chamber and the pressure change process at the bottom of the pressure regulating chamber. In the application example, two different arrangement modes, namely, the impedance pressure regulating chamber with the double-communication valve is independently protected, the impedance pressure regulating chamber with the double-communication valve and the downstream impedance pressure regulating chamber are combined for protection, and the specific calculation results are shown in fig. 3-5.
As can be seen from fig. 3 to 5, the water hammer protection effect of the combined protection of the impedance pressure regulating chamber with the double-communication valve and the downstream impedance pressure regulating chamber is better than that of the combined protection of the impedance pressure regulating chamber with the double-communication valve, the principle is similar to that of the combined protection of the impedance pressure regulating chamber with the double-communication valve in series, the downstream impedance pressure regulating chamber is increased, the reflected water hammer wave can be enhanced, the water hammer protection distance of the pressure regulating chamber to a pipeline is increased, the water flow loses energy at the bottom of the pressure regulating chamber when flowing through the two pressure regulating chambers, the attenuation of surge fluctuation is accelerated, the capability of stabilizing the water level is improved, the surge fluctuation of the two pressure regulating chambers are mutually restricted, the surge reduction amplitude is greatly reduced, the minimum surge and the minimum pressure along the line are greatly improved, and the combined protection of the impedance pressure regulating chamber with the double-communication valve and the downstream impedance pressure regulating chamber is enhanced due to the existence of the second pressure regulating chamber, so that the 2# communication valve can be closed faster (shortened to 900 s) and the feasibility of valve operation is improved.
The following discusses the closing rule of the 2# communication valve based on the design parameters of the pressure regulating chamber in the combined protection scheme of the impedance pressure regulating chamber with the double communication valve and the downstream impedance pressure regulating chamber, the specific valve closing rule scheme is shown in table 1, and the calculation results are shown in fig. 6-8.
Table 1 different valve closing law schemes
As can be seen from fig. 6 to 8, as the closing rate of the 2# communication valve is slowed down, the lowest surge of the main pressure regulating chamber has a decreasing trend, but the decreasing amplitude gradually slows down, and the minimum pressure along the line has a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The method is characterized in that as the valve closing time is prolonged, the water loss of the main pressure regulating chamber is increased, the lowest surge of the main pressure regulating chamber is reduced, the influence of a valve closing water hammer is low at the beginning along the minimum pressure, the valve closing water hammer is improved along the minimum pressure gradually, the valve closing speed is reduced along the minimum pressure gradually, the minimum pressure is reduced along the minimum pressure after the minimum pressure reaches the extreme value along the minimum pressure along the minimum surge of the main pressure regulating chamber, and the optimal valve closing rule is selected for the 2# communication valve.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A water hammer protective structure of dual communication valve multi-impedance surge chamber joint protection, its characterized in that: the water pump is sequentially provided with a water pump, a main pressure regulating chamber and an auxiliary pressure regulating chamber, the main pressure regulating chamber is provided with a double communication valve, and after the water pump pumps water and is powered off, the two communication valves are sequentially closed according to a preset closing rule; the double-communication valve comprises a 1# communication valve and a 2# communication valve, wherein the 1# communication valve and the 2# communication valve are respectively arranged between the main pressure regulating chamber and the water conveying pipeline and are symmetrically distributed; the preset closing rule is that under the condition that the maximum pressure standard of the system is met, linear closing is adopted, and the 2# communication valve is closed after the 1# communication valve is closed, wherein the maximum pressure standard of the system is water pressure corresponding to 186m water head;
the main pressure regulating chamber is close to the water pump, the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber is close to the downstream, and the area of the main pressure regulating chamber is smaller than that of the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber.
2. The dual communication valve multi-impedance surge chamber combined protection water hammer protection structure according to claim 1, wherein: the main pressure regulating chamber and the auxiliary pressure regulating chamber are both impedance pressure regulating chambers.
3. The dual communication valve multi-impedance surge chamber combined protection water hammer protection structure according to claim 1, wherein: and a check valve is arranged between the water pump and the main pressure regulating chamber.
4. The dual communication valve multi-impedance surge chamber combined protection water hammer protection structure according to claim 1, wherein: the double-communication valve comprises a 1# communication valve and a 2# communication valve, wherein the 1# communication valve and the 2# communication valve are respectively arranged between the main pressure regulating chamber and the water delivery pipeline and are symmetrically distributed, and a check valve is arranged between the water pump and the main pressure regulating chamber.
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| CN202111674885.XA CN114482186B (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Water hammer protection structure and method for combined protection of double-communication-valve multi-impedance pressure regulating chamber |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0300791A1 (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-01-25 | Inax Corporation | Water hammer absorber |
| KR900008127A (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1990-06-02 | 도오도오 기기 가부시기가이샤 | Apparatus to prevent water hammering during water pressure control |
| CN204456023U (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-07-08 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | The surge-chamber impedance pore structure that size is adjustable |
| CN105735421A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-06 | 河海大学 | Water hammer protection structure and method for reducing total volume of air tanks |
| CN211735305U (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-10-23 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Long diversion pressure regulating arrangement structure |
-
2021
- 2021-12-31 CN CN202111674885.XA patent/CN114482186B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0300791A1 (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-01-25 | Inax Corporation | Water hammer absorber |
| KR900008127A (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1990-06-02 | 도오도오 기기 가부시기가이샤 | Apparatus to prevent water hammering during water pressure control |
| CN204456023U (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-07-08 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | The surge-chamber impedance pore structure that size is adjustable |
| CN105735421A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-06 | 河海大学 | Water hammer protection structure and method for reducing total volume of air tanks |
| CN211735305U (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-10-23 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Long diversion pressure regulating arrangement structure |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 《长距离输水***串联多阻抗调压室的水锤防护效果》;梁圣辰;《长距离输水***串联多阻抗调压室的水锤防护效果》;20210331;第171-175页 * |
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